歐洲文化入門(mén)復(fù)習(xí)題

歐洲文化入門(mén)復(fù)習(xí)題《歐洲文化入門(mén)》復(fù)習(xí)題(一）DiviｓioｎＯne:ＧreｅkCｕltｕreaｎdRomanCｕｌｔuｒeGｒeekCulｔｕre填空Ｅｕrｏpｅanｃuｌtureｉｓmａdｅupoｆmanyelements,twoｏfthｅｓeelemenｔｓａreconｓｉｄeredtobemoreenｄuｒiｎganｄｔheyaｒｅtheＧreｃo－RｏmａneleｍｅｎｔａｎｄtｈeJuｄeｏ-Ｃhristianｅlement、Gｒeeｋculｔｕrerｅachedahigｈpｏinｔoｆｄｅveｌoｐｍentｉnthｅ５tｈceｎｔurｙ、Iｎtheｓｅcｏnｄhalｆoｆｔhｅ４thcenturyB、C，ａllGreecewasbroughtｕndｅrtｈerｕｌeofＡlexａnder,kingoｆMａcｅdon、Ｉn146B、C、thｅRoｍaｎsconquｅredGreece、Gｒｅe(cuò)kｃulｔｕrereachedahighｐｏｉntｏfdeveｌｏpｍeｎtinthe5tｈcentuｒy、Reviｖediｎ18９６，tｈeOｌyｍｐiｃＧameｓｈaveｂeetheｗorlｄ’sforemostamateurｓporｔｓpeｔｉｔｉon、AnｃieｎtGreeksconsiｄｅｒedHomeｒtｏbｅtｈeauthoroftｈeirｅpｉcｓ、TｈeIliaddｅalswithｔheａlｌｉanｃeoftｈestaｔesofthｅsouthernmainｌａｎｄofGｒeecｅ,ledbyAgａｍeｍｎoninｔheirｗａｒagaｉnｓtthｅｃiｔyofＴrｏy、TheＯｄysseｙdealｓwｉtｈthereturnｏfOｄyｓseusafterthｅTrojａnwarｔohiｓhoｍｅ,iｓlanｄｏfItｈaca、OfthｅmanylyricpoeｔsｏfａncｉeｎtGreece，twｏａｒeｓtilｌａdmｉredbyreａｄerstoｄaｙ:SａpphoandＰiｎdar、SapphowascoｎsideredthemostiｍpoｒｔantｌｙｒicpoetｏfanｃｉenｔGreece、Pindarｉsbｅstknｏｗｎforhisｏｄeｓcelebrａt(yī)ingｔheｖicｔｏrｉesａｔtｈeathletｉcgａmes,sｕcｈａsthｅ14Ｏlｙmpicoｄes、Thethreｅｇｒｅａt(yī)ｔragiｃdramatistsoｆanciｅntＧreeceａｒeAeschｙlｕs,Ｓophocles,andＥｕripiｄes、AeschｙluｓwrotesｕcｈpｌaysaｓPrｏｍeｔheuｓＢound，ＰersｉaｎsaｎdAgamｅmnon、SophoｃleｓｗroteｓuchtragiｃplaysasＯeｄiｐusthｅKing，Eｌｅctrａ,andAntigone、EuｒiｐiｄeｓwroteｍaｉnlyａｂoutwomｅｎｉnｓuｃｈplaｙsaｓAndroｍaｃhe,Ｍedｅa,andTroｊａｎWomｅn、ｅｄyalｓoflｏｕrisheｄｉｎthe５tｈｃeｎturyＢ、C、ItsｂesｔwrｉterwａsAriｓｔｏphanes,ｗhｏhasleftｅlｅvｅnplays,incｌudiｎgＦｒｏgs,Cloｕdｓ,ＷaspsaｎdBirds、Hｅｒｏdotusisoftencalｌed“FaｔｈerofHｉsｔory”、HeｗroteaｂoutthewarsbetｗeｅｎGreｅksandPersiaｎs、ThucydidｅｓdeｓcｒibeｄｔｈewａrbetweeｎA(yù)thensandSpaｒｔaandｂetwｅe(cuò)nAｔhenｓandSyracｕsｅ,aGreekstａt(yī)eｏnthｅIslandofSｉciｌｙ、Pytｈaｇoｒaswasaboldthinｋerwhoｈadtheideａｔhａt(yī)allthingsweｒenｕｍbers、Pythaｇoraswasthｅfounｄｅrｏfscientifｉｃmathematicｓ、Ｈｅrａclｅｉtueｂeｌｉevedｆｉrｅtothｅprimaryeｌeｍentofｔｈｅunivｅrse,outofwhｉcheverythiｎgｅlｓeｈadａriｓｅｎ、ThｅgreaｔestnameｓｉｎEuｒｏpｅanphilosophyａrｅSocrateｓ，Ｐl(wèi)atoａnｄＡrisｔｏtｌe、Democｒｉtｕswａｓoneofｔheearlｉｅstphilosｏphicａlmaｔeriａｌistsaｎｄｓpecｕlａt(yī)edａｂoｕｔthｅatoｍicstruｃtｕrｅoｆｍaｔter、Ｉntｈe4thcenturｙＢ、C、,foｕｒsｃhoｏlsofphilｏsoｐｈersoｆｔenarguedwｉｔheａcｈｏｔｈｅｒ,theyａretheCyｎicｓ,ｔheＳcepｔics，tｈeEpiｃuｒeans,andtheＳtoiｃs、Ｅucｌidiｓｗell-knｏｗｎfｏrhisＥlｅmｅnts,atexｔｂookｏｆgeoｍetrｙ、Ｔoiｌluｓtraｔethｅｐｒinｃipleofｔｈｅｌeｖel,Archｉmｅｄesissaidtｏｈavetｏｌｄtｈekｉnｇ:“Givemeaplａceｔostand，andIwiｌlmoｖetheｗorｌd、”Greｅｋarcｈｉtectｕrecａｎｂegroupｅdintothreestyles:thｅDoｒicstylewhiｃhｉsalsocａlledtｈemasculinｅstｙlｅ;ｔhｅＩonicstylewｈichisaｌsoｃalｌeｄtｈefemiｎｉｎｅstyle;aｎdalaterstylethａt(yī)ｉscaｌｌedｔheCoriｎthiａnstyle、TｈeAｃroｐｏlisatＡthｅnｓaｎdtheParthｅnonarethｅfinestmoｎｕmenｔoｆGreekａｒchitectｕreandｓculpｔｕreinmorｅthan2000years、Inthe２0ｔhcentuｒｙ,ｔheｒｅaｒeＨｏmeriｃｐarallelsinthｅIrishmanJａｍｅｓJoyce’sｍodｅrｎistmasterpieｃeＵl(shuí)ｙsｓes、選擇Whiｃｈcｕｌtuｒereａｃhｅdahiｇｈpoｉｎtｏｆdeｖeloｐmentinthｅ5thcｅnｔuryB、C、？ＧreｅkCuｌtｕｒeRomanCｕｌtureEｇｙpｔｉanCｕltｕreＣhinｅseCultｕrｅIn_＿_(dá)＿_(dá)＿＿_(dá)＿_(dá)_ｔheRｏmanconｑuereｄGreece、120０B、Ｃ、７０0B、C、１46Ｂ、C、Ｔｈe5tｈceｎturyWhicｈoｆtheｆｏlｌowingwoｒksｄｅscｒiｂeｄtｈeｗaｒleｄbｙＡgａmｅｍnoｎaｇａiｎsｔtheciｔｙoｆTroy?OedｉｐustheＫinｇIｌiadOdｙsseｙAntiｇoｎeＷhichoftheｆｏllｏｗingisNＯＴｔｈeｐlaｙswrｉtｔenbyAeschylｕｓ?AｎtiｇoneAｇamemｎｏnPersｉaｎsProｍeｔheusＢoｕndWhiｃｈｏfｔhefollowiｎｇisNＯTthｅpｌayswritteｎbｙSophocleｓ?ElectraＡnｔｉgｏneＴrｏjａnWomanOedipuｓtheKingWhiｃｈofthefｏllowingｉstｈeplaywrｉtteｎbyEuripides?AnｔｉgonePersiａｎsElectraMedeaWhichoｆthefollｏwｉngisNOＴthegreａｔesttragｉｃｄramatistoｆａnｃientGreeｃe?AristophaｎesEurｉpiｄesＳopｈocｌesAeschｙlｕsＷhoeｖersａiｄthaｔ“Ｙoｕcannoｔsｔeｐtwiceｉｎｔothesａmeriveｒ”?PythａgoｒａsHｅｒacleｉtusAristotleWhｏwasｔhefoundｅｒofscientｉficｍatheｍaｔicｓ?ＨeｒacleitｕsArｉsｔｏtｌeSocｒatesPythagoｒasWhoischｉeflynoｔeｄｆorｈisdoctｒiｎethat“ｍanｉstｈemeasurｅｏｆａlｌthings”?PｒotagoｒasPythagｏrasＰyrrhonEpｉcuruｓ名詞解釋AeschyｌusＰl(wèi)ａt(yī)ｏＴhｅCynics簡(jiǎn)答與問(wèn)答WｈatarethemajｏrelemeｎtsiｎEurｏpeａnｃuｌture?Whａt(yī)weｒethｅmainfeatｕｒesofaｎcientGｒeeksoｃｉety?Whoweretｈｅouｔsｔａndiｎgｄrａmａt(yī)istsｏfancieｎtＧreece?Ｗhatｉmｐortantpｌａysｄｉdeａcｈofthemｗｒitｅ?TｅllｓomeoｆPlａt(yī)o’sidｅａs、Whydopｅopｌeｃallhimanidealisｔ?GivesomeｅxamplestoshowｔheｅnormousinfluenceｏfGｒeｅkｃulｔuｒeoｎEnｇlishliteraｔure、RｏmanCulｔｕrｅ填空TheburniｎgofCｏrｉnthiｎ1４6B、C、ｍarkeｄRomａnｃoｎquestoｆGrｅe(cuò)ce,ｗhiｃhwaｓthｅnreducedtoaｐrovinceｏftｈeRｏmａｎＥｍｐire、ＴｈeRoｍａｎｗritｅrHoraｃesaiｄ:“CapｔiveGrｅe(cuò)ceｔoｏkherｒｕdｅｃonquerｏrcaｐtive”、Ｉｎ27Ｂ、C、OcｔavｉustooｋsuｐremeｐoｗｅrasｅmperorwithtｈｅｔｉtleofAugustuｓ、TｈｅRoｍａnsenjoyedalongperiodofpeａcｅｌaｓtingtwohuｎdredyears,aｒｅmaｒkａblｅphｅnｏmｅnoｎｉnhｉstoｒyknoｗnａstheＰａxRｏmａnａ、Ｉntｈe4ｔhceｎturｙ,ｔhｅｅｍperorConstａnｔiｎemovedthecapitaｌfrｏmRｏｍetｏByzanｔｉum，rｅnａｍｅdｉtConstantinople(modｅrnIstanｂul）、In476tｈelａstｅmpｅrorｏftheｗestwaｓdepｏsｅdbytheＣoｔhsandｍａｒｋedtheendoftheWestＲomａｎEmpirｅ、TheEastＲoｍaｎEmｐiｒecollaｐsｅdｗhｅnConstantｉｎoplｅfｅｌltotｈeTurkｓin１453、JｕliusCａesａｒrecoｒdedｗhathedidａndsawｉnｔhevarｉｏusmｉliｔarｙｃａｍｐaｉgnshｅｔｏokｐaｒtｉnandthesewritinｇｓ，colｌeｃｔedinhiｓmentaｒies,aremｏdeｌsofsuccinctLatin、ViｒgｉlwａsthegｒｅatestofLatinpoｅtsａndwrotetheｇｒeatepiｃ，tｈeAeneid、ThePantｈeoｎisthegreatestaｎdｔｈebeｓtｐｒeｓervedＲｏmａnｔemple,wｈicｈｗasbuiltin27Ｂ、C、Ａndrｅcｏnｓtrucｔｅdintｈe2tｈcentｕryＡ、D、She-wolｆisthestatuewhichil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