高中英語語法分專題全面復習第六講 虛擬語氣講解與練習

虛擬語氣英語中有三種不同的語氣：陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣：虛擬語氣是由句中謂語動詞的特殊形式表現出來的，表示說話人所說的不是事實，而是一種假設、愿望、懷疑或推測。一．虛擬語氣表示假設，用在if非真實條件句中從句主句與現在事實相反If主語+did/were主語+should/would/could/might+do與過去事實相反If主語+haddone主語+should/would/could/might+havedone1.did與將來事實相反If主語+2.shoulddo主語+should/would/could/might+do3.weretodo例：IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepthisadvice.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow,Iwouldstayathome.注意：1.錯綜時間虛擬語氣當從句主句所表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，動詞的形式要根據它所表示的時間作出相應的調整。Ifyou____________(follow)myadvicejustnow,you_________(be)betternow.Ifyou__________(study)hardbefore,you_______(be)acollegestudentnow.2.省略if的虛擬條件句中，were，had（完成時態(tài)標志），should放在句首，（用于倒裝結構），if必須省略。(只倒裝從句，主句不改變)1.WereIyou(=IfIwereyou),Iwouldnotdoit.1.HadInotseenhimthen(Hadn’tIseenhimthen),Iwouldn'thavebeenveryhappy.3、含蓄虛擬語氣有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中，并不總是出現if引導的條件句，而通過其它手段來代替條件句。常用的有介詞with，without，butfor（倘沒有，要不是）；連詞or，but；副詞otherwise等。.Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.=IfIhadn‘tbeenillthatday,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.Without/Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,…二．虛擬語氣表示一種不可能實現的愿望，常用wish+賓語從句。其謂語動詞構成形式為：從句動作與wish同時did/were從句動作先于wishhaddone（或用couldhavedone）從句動作在wish之后could/would/might+doIwishIwereabirdandIcouldflyinthesky.IwishIhadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.此外，Ifonly+句子=HowIwish+that從句(要是……就好了）IfonlyIwereaflyingbird!=HowIwishIwereaflyingbird!我要是一只飛鳥該多好??！三.虛擬語氣用于表示懷疑或推測。在某些表示“命令、建議、要求”等動詞，名詞以及形容詞存在的主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句的虛擬語氣結構為：sb（should）+do此類動詞記憶口訣：一堅持(insist)二命令(order/command)三要求(demand/require/request)四建議（advise/suggest/propose/recommend）例：1.Isuggestedthathe(should)gothereatonce.(賓語從句)2.Myadviceisthatwe(should)tellhimthenews.(表語從句)3.Imadeasuggestionthathe(should)tellhimthetruth.(同位語從句)4.Itissuggestedthathe(should)gotoschoolearly.(主語從句)注意：suggest:表示“表明，暗示”的意思時，從句用陳述語氣；表示“建議”時，從句用虛擬語氣Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe_____（be)illandItissuggestedthatshe________________(send)tohospitalimmediately.insist：表示“堅持說”的意思時，從句用陳述語氣；表示“堅持主張，堅持要求”時，從句用虛擬語氣Heinsistedthathe____________(notsteal)themoneyandinsistedthathe____________(set)free.四、虛擬語氣的其他用法1.asif/asthough（好像）+從句從句動作與主句動作同時did/were從句動作在主句動作之前haddone從句動作在主句動作之后would/could/might+doHelooksasifhewereanartist.Hetalkedabouttheaccidentasifhehadseenit.2.Itis(high/about)time(that)sbdid/sbshould（不可省略）+do該是某人做某事的時候了。Itishightimethatyougotup/shouldgetup.3.在wouldrather+賓語從句中從句動作與主句動作同時或之后did/were從句動作在主句動作之前haddone例：Iwouldrathertheydidn’thearthenews.IwouldratherIhadnottoldhimhebadnews.Ifonlyhe____quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie

2.HowIwisheveryfamily____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.

A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad

3.Youdidnotletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotired

A.drove;didn’tget

B.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot

4._____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge

A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will5.IwishI____herethen

A.was

B.hadbeen

C.were

D.wouldbe6.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken7.Iinsisted_____toseeadoctor,butheinsistednothing___wrongwithhim

A.onhimtogo;shouldbeB.hewent;beC.hego;wasD.heshouldto;is8.---Yourauntinvitesyoutothemoviestoday---Iwouldrathershe____metomorrowthantoday

A.tellsB.toldC.wouldtellD.hadtold9.---Wouldyouhavecalledherup?---Yes,butI____busydoingmyhomework

A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe10.Iwasillthatday,otherwiseI____thesportsmeet

A.wouldhavetakenpartinB.tookpartinC.hadtakenpartinD.wouldtakepartin

11.___theclouds,youwouldfindtheairplaneintheskyeasily

A.Haditnotbeenfor

B.IfitwerenotC.IfithadnotbeenforD.Wereitnotfor

12.Ifmylawyer____herelastSunday,he____mefromgoing

A.hadbeen,wouldhaveprevented

B.hadbeen,wouldprevent

C.were,prevent

D.were,wouldhaveprevented

13.____hard,hewouldhavepassedtheexam

A.Ifheweretowork

B.Hadheworked

C.ShouldheworkD.Werehetowork

14.____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday

A.WerehetoleaveB.Ifhehadleft

C.Didhetoleave

D.Hadheleft

15.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you____allrightnow

A.areB.were

C.wouldbe

D.wouldhavebeen

16.Ididnotseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe____,shewouldhavemetmybrother

A.hascome

B.didcome

C.come

D.hadcome

17.He____busyyesterday,orhe___youwithyourexperiment.

A.was,hadhelped

B.was,wouldhavehelped

C.hadbeen,wouldhavehelped

D.were,wouldhavehelped

18.Ifit____forthesnow,we____themountainyesterday

A.werenot,couldhaveclimb

B.werenot,couldclimbC.hadnotbeen,couldhaveclimbed

D.hadn’tbeen,couldclimb

19.Withoutelectricity,humanlife____quitedifficulttoday

A.is

B.willbeC.wouldhavebeen

D.wouldbe

20.---Iamgoingtotellherthenews---Iwouldassoonasyou_____heraboutit

A.didn’ttell

B.don’ttellC.hadn’ttell

D.won’ttell

21.Mike’sfather,aswellashismother,insistedhe____home

A.stayed

B.couldstay

C.hasstayed

D.stay

22.Itwasrequestedthattheplay____again

A.shouldputonB.wouldputon

C.beputon

D.puton

23.Sheinsistedthatadoctor_____immediately

A.hadsentfor

B.send

C.besentfor

D.wassent

24.---Didyouscoldhimforhiscarelessness----Yes,but____it

A.I’drathernotdo

B.I’drathernothavedone

C.Ishould’tdo

D.I’dbetternotdo

25.IfonlyI___mycarA.hadn’tlost

B.wouldn’tlose

C.didn’tlose

D.haven’tlost

26.Butforwater,it____impossibletoliveintheearth

A.is

B.would

beC.were

D.wouldn’tbe

27.Iwouldratheryou____anythingaboutitforthetimebeing

A.do

B.didn’tdoC.don’t

D.didn’t

28.Thekind-heartedcoupletreattheorphanverywellasthoughhe____theirownson

A.is

B.were

C.hadbeen

D.shouldbe

29.Howtheoldpeoplewishthatthey____youngoncemore

A.were

B.couldbecome

C.hadbeen

D.shouldbe

30.Itishightimethatwe____ameetingtodiscussthisproblem

A.hold

B.held

C.haveheld

D.hadheld

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