2025版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)核心素養(yǎng)測評二十九選修6Unit4Globalwarming含解析新人教版

PAGE核心素養(yǎng)測評二十九選修6Unit4GlobalWarming(限時35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解AThesedayseveryoneisworriedaboutthesizeoftheircarbonfootprint.Inordertoreduceglobalwarming,weneedtomakeourcarbonfootprintssmaller.ButhowmuchCO2areweresponsiblefor?AnewbookbyMikeBerners-Lee(aleadingexpertincarbonfoot-printing)mightbeabletohelp.TheCarbonFootprintofEverythinglooksatthedifferentthingswedoandbuy,andcalculatestheamountofCO2theyproduce,includingtheingredients,theelectricity,theequipment,thetransportandthepackaging.Andit’sfrighteninghowmuchcarbondioxideeverythingproduces.Butallofthiscanhelpusdecidewhichbeertodrink.FromBerners-Lee’scalculations,it’sclearthatapint(568ml)oflocally-brewed(釀制的)beerhasasmallercarbonfootprintthanabottleofimportedbeer.Thisisbecausetheimportedbeerhasbeentransportedfromfaraway,anditusesmorepackaging.Thelocalbeeronlyproduces300gofCO2-buttheimportedbeerproduces900g!So,onepintoflocalbeerisbetterfortheenvironmentthanthreecansofcheapforeignbeerfromthesupermarket.Berners-Leehasevencalculatedthecarbonfootprintofcyclingtowork.Nothingismoreenvironmentally-friendlythanridingabike,surely?Well,itdependsonwhatyou’vehadtoeatbefore.Torideabikeweneedenergyandforenergyweneedfood.So,ifweeatabananaandthenrideakilometerandahalf,ourfootprintis65gofCO2.However,ifweeatbaconbeforethebikeride,it’s200g.Infact,bananasaregoodingeneralbecausetheydon’tneedpackaging.Theycanbetransportedbyboatandtheygrowinnaturalsunlight.So,doesthismeanthatcyclingisbadfortheenvironment?Absolutelynot.Ifyoucycle,youdon’tuseyourcar;andthefewercarsontheroad,thefewertrafficjams.AndcarsintrafficjamsproducethreetimesmoreCO2thancarstravellingatspeed.Cyclingalsomakesyouhealthyandlesslikelytogotoahospital.Andhospitalshaveverybigcarbonfootprints!So,maybeit’stimeforusalltostartmakingsomechanges.Passmeabananaandapintoflocalbeer,please.【文章大意】這是一篇爭論文。文章作者激勵大家實(shí)行行動,削減溫室氣體的排放,并說明白一些詳細(xì)的做法。1.Whichofthefollowingproducesthesmallestcarbonfootprints?A.Apintoflocalbeer.B.Abottleofimportedbeer.C.Abananabeforea1.5kmbikeride.D.Baconbeforea1.5kmbikeride.【解析】選C。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段Thelocalbeeronlyproduces300gofCO2-buttheimportedbeerproduces900g!和第四段So,ifweeatabananaandthenrideakilometerandahalf,ourfootprintis65gofCO2.However,ifweeatbaconbeforethebikeride,it’s200g。故選C。2.Accordingtothearticle,theauthorsuggestschoosingthelocalfoodbecauseitis________.

A.moretastyB.easiertobuyC.betterpackaged D.moreenergy-saving【解析】選D。推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段So,onepintoflocalbeerisbetterfortheenvironmentthanthreecansofcheapforeignbeerfromthesupermarket.可知一品脫本地啤酒比超市里三罐便宜的外國啤酒更環(huán)保。由此推斷出,作者建議選擇當(dāng)?shù)氐钠【?因?yàn)樗?jié)能,更環(huán)保,故選D。3.Thepurposeofwritingthisarticleisto________.

A.promoteanewbookB.advertisetheimportedbeerC.instructhowtomeasurethecarbonfootprintD.encouragepeopletoreducetheproductionofCO2【解析】選D。目的意圖題。依據(jù)最終一段So,maybeit’stimeforusalltostartmakingsomechanges.Passmeabananaandapintoflocalbeer,please.所以,或許是時候讓我們?nèi)咳似鹣茸龀鲆恍┳兏?。請遞給我一根香蕉和一品脫當(dāng)?shù)仄【啤？芍恼率羌畲蠹覍?shí)行行動,削減溫室氣體的排放,故選D?！緦W(xué)問拓展】佳詞積累

1.ingredientn.成分

2.import vt.進(jìn)口

3.environmentally-friendly adj.環(huán)保的

【長難句分析】

Thisisbecausetheimportedbeerhasbeentransportedfromfaraway,anditusesmorepackaging.

分析:本句是一個復(fù)合句。because引導(dǎo)的是表語從句。

譯文:這是因?yàn)檫M(jìn)口的啤酒是從很遠(yuǎn)的地方運(yùn)來的,所以須要更多的包裝。B“Twothousandmealspacked,”announcedStephanieDeLaHoz.All75middleschoolvolunteerscheeredastheycontinuedtopackagedriedrice,soy,andspices.ThatwasthesceneatafoodpackagingeventearlierthismonthatmyschoolinCelebration,Florida.RiseAgainstHunger,aglobalnonprofitorganization,wasfoundedin1998.Theorganizationprovidesmillionsofdriedmealseachyearforpeopleinneedaroundtheworld.Morethan800millionpeopleworldwidedonotgetthebasicnutritiontheyneedtobeabletoworkorattendschool.Therearemanycausestothisfoodinsecurity,includingwars,naturaldisasters,anddroughts.RiseAgainstHungerseekstohelppeoplerebuildtheirlives.“EveryschoolisopentocontactRiseAgainstHungertosetupanevent,”explainedAngelaWydra,PTApresidentofCelebrationK-8School.“Onceyoucontactthem,Risehelpsorganizeeverypartoftheprocess.”WydrainitiatedthevolunteereventatCelebration.WhenmembersofRisearriveataschool,theysetuplinesofstudentvolunteersandexplainexactlywhattodo.Eachstudentisgivenjustonetask,suchaspouringcupsofriceorsealingbags.Ifyougettiredofaparticularjob,youcanswitchtoanotherstation.“Youdefinitelyhavetoworkasateam,”saidErin,astudentvolunteer.“Itwasfun.BeforeIknewit,wehadreachedanother1,000-mealmark.”“Justgettingoutandlaughingandworkingwithmyfriendsandfamilywerereallyfun,”saidBobbySpina,amiddleschoolvolunteeratCelebration.“IfeelthatIdidaveryimportantandnicethingtoday.”Worldwidehungerhasdroppedfrom24%ofthepopulationin1990toaround10%today.Muchofthesuccessislinkedtotheeffortsofnonprofitorganizationsandtheirvolunteers,includingRiseAgainstHunger.【文章大意】本文是記敘文。文章敘述了一個全球性非營利組織“戰(zhàn)勝饑餓”走進(jìn)校內(nèi),組織學(xué)生志愿者為世界擺脫饑餓盡一份力氣的故事。4.InParagraph1,theauthordescribesafoodpackagingeventto________.

A.introducethemiddleschoolvolunteersinFloridaB.showwhattheschoolvolunteersaredoingC.reportmuchfoodisprovidedforpeopleinneedD.introduceaglobalnonprofitorganizationRiseAgainstHunger【解析】選D。推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段“ThatwasthesceneatafoodpackagingeventearlierthismonthatmyschoolinCelebration,Florida.RiseAgainstHunger,aglobalnonprofitorganization,wasfoundedin1998.”可知,描述學(xué)生包裝食品的場面是為了引出文章的主題,介紹全球性的非營利組織“戰(zhàn)勝饑餓”。故選D。5.WhatisthepurposeoftheorganizationRiseAgainstHunger?A.Togetstudentstoattendschool.B.Tohelppeoplebuildtheirhomes.C.Tohelppeopleinneedwithfood.D.Toallowpeopletogotowork.【解析】選C。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段最終一句話“Theorganizationprovidesmillionsofdriedmealseachyearforpeopleinneedaroundtheworld.”以及其次段的描述,可知“戰(zhàn)勝饑餓”這個組織給全球逆境中的人們分發(fā)食物,幫助他們擺脫饑餓。故選C。6.WhatdoesRiseAgainstHungerdoineveryschool?A.Helpsetupvolunteerevents.B.Trainstudentstolearnsomejobskills.C.Instructhowtocontactthem.D.Givestudentssomelessons.【解析】選A。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段的描述“EveryschoolisopentocontactRiseAgainstHungertosetupanevent,...”可知,“戰(zhàn)勝饑餓”這個組織進(jìn)入學(xué)校幫助建立志愿活動。故選A。7.Howdothestudentsfeelabouttheirvolunteerwork?A.Tiringbutrewarding. B.Funandmeaningful.C.Longandtiring. D.Shortbutefficient.【解析】選B。推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段的描述“Itwasfun.”和“IfeelthatIdidaveryimportantandnicethingtoday.”可知,志愿者們覺得從事這個志愿活動感到很快樂并且有意義。故選B。Ⅱ.完形填空TheCoffeePlaceIusedtobelievepolitenesswasathingofthepast.VeryseldomhadImeta1humanbeinginthismodernageoftheso-calledCenerationX.

Recently,Ihadtochangemy2,whenIcamefacetofacewithjustsuchahumanbeing.Ihadgonetoacoffeeplace,withtwoofmygrown-updaughters.Theplacewascrowdedwiththeusualloudcrowdandwehadtoclimbthestairsinordertofinda(n)3table.Afterenjoyingcoffeeandsnacks,weweregoingdownthestairs,wherethe4spacemadeclimbingdownonlypossibleinasingleline,withhardlyanyspaceforanotherpersontoeitherclimbupor5.

JustasIwasinthe6ofmygoingdown,agentlemanenteredbythemainentranceofthecoffeeplacewhichwasinfrontofthestaircase.IwassureIwouldbepushed7bythemanwhowouldwanttogouphurriedly.IkeptcomingdownasfastasIcould,8ontothebannister(扶手).Mydaughterswerealreadydown,lookingupatmeandhopingIwouldreachthembeforethe9startedupthestairs.

Nearlyreachingthem,Inoticedthemanstillstandingnearthe10.Ireachedmydaughtersandpassedhimattheentrancedoorhekeptholdingopen.Ilookedback,thinkinghewasstilltheretryingto11whethertogoinorfindanotherlesscrowdedplace.ButlaterIsawhimgoingupthestairs,twoatatime.Itoldmydaughtersaboutitandfeltbadthatwedidn’teventhankhimwhowasactuallyholdingthedooropenforustopassthrough12goingup.

We13histhoughtfulness.Suchwell-manneredpeoplearehardtofindthesedayswhenpushingroughlyisvery14inouradvancedbutaggressivesociety.Tilldate,Irememberthisgentlemanand15toGodtomakemorehumanbeingslikehim.

【文章大意】本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。作者在一家咖啡店見到了一位紳士貼心地幫助她推門的善舉,讓她信任人們大多還是有禮貌的,和善的。1.A.politeB.rudeC.cleverD.dull【解析】選A。句意:我過去經(jīng)常認(rèn)為禮貌是很久遠(yuǎn)的東西,在現(xiàn)代社會我很少遇見過禮貌的人。polite禮貌的;rude粗魯?shù)?clever聰慧的;dull枯燥的。故選A。2.A.choice B.thinkingC.life D.decision【解析】選B。句意:近來,當(dāng)我面對面遇到這么一個人的時候,我不得不變更我的想法。choice選擇;thinking想法,思索;life生活;decision確定。故選B。3.A.convenient B.niceC.reserved D.empty【解析】選D。句意:由于咖啡館充溢了熱鬧的人群,我們不得不爬樓梯去樓上找個空桌。convenient便利的;nice好的;reserved內(nèi)向的;empty空的。故選D。4.A.wide B.open C.narrow D.large【解析】選C。句意:喝完咖啡,吃完甜點(diǎn),我們起先下樓,樓梯太過狹窄我們只能排成一列有序下樓。wide寬的;open打開的;narrow狹窄的;large大的。故選C。5.A.breakdown B.setdownC.comedown D.takedown【解析】選C。句意:幾乎沒有留下任何空間供另一個人上樓或下樓。breakdown分解,崩潰;setdown登記;comedown下來;takedown取下,拿下。故選C。6.A.end B.way C.middle D.aim【解析】選C。句意:我剛下到一半的時候,有個紳士從電梯出口正對著的主入口進(jìn)入咖啡館。end結(jié)束,結(jié)尾;way方式;middle中間;aim目標(biāo)。故選C。7.A.gently B.roughlyC.casually D.politely【解析】選B。句意:我確信我肯定會被這個匆忙上樓的家伙粗魯?shù)貨_撞。gently溫順地;roughly粗魯?shù)?casually隨意地;politely禮貌地。故選B。8.A.holding B.goingC.depending D.handling【解析】選A。句意:我盡可能快地下樓梯,手緊抓著樓梯扶手。holdingon堅(jiān)持,抓住(不放);goingon接著;dependingon依靠;handling操作,處理。故選A。9.A.waiter B.studentC.friend D.stranger【解析】選D。句意:我的女兒已經(jīng)走下樓梯,抬頭看著我,希望我能在這個生疏人上樓之前下來。waiter侍者;student學(xué)生;friend摯友;stranger生疏人。故選D。10.A.table B.doorC.window D.counter【解析】選B。句意:快趕上我女兒的時候,我留意到這個男的仍舊站在門口。table桌子;door門;window窗戶;counter柜臺。故選B。11.A.decide B.informC.persuade D.discuss【解析】選A。句意:我回首一看,認(rèn)為那個人還在確定是進(jìn)去還是找個不那么擁擠的地方。decide確定;inform告知;persuade勸告;discuss探討。故選A。12.A.after B.when C.before D.since【解析】選C。句意:我把這件事告知女兒,我感覺很糟,因?yàn)槲覀儧]有感謝那位在上樓前始終為我們開門的紳士。after在……之后;when當(dāng)……時;before在……之前;since自從。故選C。13.A.required B.applaudedC.thanked D.spread【解析】選B。句意:我們很贊許他的愛護(hù)。require要求;applaud贊許,鼓掌;thank感謝;spread擴(kuò)散。故選B。14.A.general B.urgentC.serious D.common【解析】選D。句意:在這樣一個現(xiàn)代卻充溢挑釁的社會里,粗魯?shù)赝茢D是普遍的現(xiàn)象,但是像這樣有禮貌的人卻很難找。general一般的;urgent緊急的;serious嚴(yán)峻的;common一般的,共有的。故選D。15.A.point B.prayC.devote D.explain【解析】選B。句意:直到今日我還記得這個紳士,祈禱上帝創(chuàng)建更多的這種人吧。point指向;pray祈禱;devote致力于,獻(xiàn)身于;explain說明。故選B?！緦W(xué)問拓展】佳詞積累

1.thoughtfulnessn.愛護(hù);考慮周到

2.aggressive adj.侵略的;野心勃勃的Ⅲ.語法填空USwriterMargaretLeeRunbeckonce1.________(write),“Happinessisnotastationyouarriveat,but2.________manneroftraveling.”Buttravelingisnotalwayshappy,atleastforthebuddiesinthemovieGreenBook.

Themovie3.________(adapt)fromthetruestoryofaroadtripthroughthesouthernUSintheearly1960s.Inthefilm,theblackpianistDonShirleyhiresItalian-AmericanTonytodrivehimtoperformances,buttheyfaceproblemsbecauseofShirley’sskincolor.Theseproblemsenablethem4.________(form)aspecialfriendship.

“There’ssomethingsodeeplyrightaboutthismovie,sotrue5.________thetime,saidUSfilmcriticLaSalle.ThetimeLaSalleistalkingaboutwasbetween1876and1963,6.________7.________(race)segregation(隔離).Butin1936,ablackmailcarriernamedVictorH.Greenpublishedalistoffriendly8.________(business)asasmallbookwithagreencover.TheGreenBookhelpedAfrican-Americanstravelmoresafely.Thenin1964,JimCrowlawswentaway.Thebookwentaway,too.

TodaymanyUSpeoplestillrememberthetimeofJimCrowlawsbutthey9.________(probable)don’tknowaboutTheGreenBook.It’sa10.________(forget)partofthestory.

【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文,介紹了影片《綠皮書》。1.【解析】wrote。考查時態(tài)。由once可知要用一般過去時態(tài),故答案為wrote。2.【解析】a。考查不定冠詞。amannerof“……的方式”,與前面的astation對應(yīng)。故答案為a。3.【解析】wasadapted?？疾闀r態(tài)和語態(tài)。這部電影改編自一個真實(shí)的故事,且時間為過去,故答案為wasadapted。4.【解析】toform?？疾楣潭ù钆洹nablesb.todosth.使某人能夠做某事。故答案為toform。5.【解析】to?？疾榻樵~。truetosth.“精確的,真實(shí)的,逼真的”。故答案為to。6.【解析】when?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。此處between1876and1963是先行詞,在后面的非限制性定語從句中作時間狀語,故答案為when。7.【解析】racial?？疾樾稳菰~。此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞segregation,故答案為racial。8.【解析】businesses?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。由alistof可知這里要用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。business“公司、企業(yè)”。故答案為businesses。9.【解析】probably。考查副詞。此處probably修飾謂語動詞。故答案為probably。10.【解析】forgotten。考查過去分詞作前置定語。分析句式可知,forget和part之間是一種被動關(guān)系,所以用過去分詞來作前置定語。故答案為forgotten。閱讀理解(2024·武漢模擬)Anewstudyshowsthatrisinglevelsofplanet-warminggasesmayreduceimportantnutrientsinfoodcrops.Researchersstudiedtheeffectsofonesuchgas-carbondioxide-onrice.Theresearchersgrewriceplantsinacontrolledenvironment.Theysetcarbondioxidelevelstowhatscientistsarepredictingforourplanetbytheendofthecentury.Theyfoundthattheresultingricecropshadlowerthannormallevelsofvitamins,mineralsandprotein.Theresearcherssaidtheeffectsofplanet-warminggaseswouldbemostsevereforthepoorestcitizensinsomeoftheleastdevelopedcountries.Thesepeoplegenerallyeatthemostriceandhavetheleastcomplexdiets,theynoted.Intheexperiment,scientistsgrew18kindsofriceinfieldsinChinaandJapan.Theypumpedcarbondioxidegasovertheplantsinanefforttocreatetheatmosphereofthefuture.Ricegrownunderhighcarbondioxideconditionshad,onaverage,13to30percentlowerlevelsoffourBvitaminsand10percentlessprotein.Thecropsalsohad8percentlessironand5percentlesszinc(鋅)thanricegrownundernormalconditions.However,vitaminElevelsincreasedbyabout13percentonaverage.Theresultsarebadnews,“especiallyforthenutritionofthepoorerpopulationinless-developedcountries,”saidtheUniversityofTokyo’sKazuhikoKobayashi,whohelpedtowritethereport.Thatincludesabout600millionpeopleinIndonesia,Cambodia,Myanmar,Bangladesh,Laosandothernations,mainlyinOneofthescientistsisSamMyersofHarvardUniversityintheAmericanstateofMassachusetts.Hesaidthatfindingslikethisareanexampleofthesurprisesclimatechangecreate.“Myconcernistherearemanymoresurprisestocome,”hesaid.

Myersnotedthatpollution,lossofsomespecies,destructionofforests,andotherhumanactivitiesarelikelytoproduceunexpectedproblems.Hesaidthatyoucannotcompletelychangeallthenaturalsystemsthatlivingorganismshavegrowntodependonovermillionsofyearswithouthavingeffectscomebacktoaffectourownhealth.Thenewstudysuggestsawaytolowerthenutritionalharmofclimatechange.Oneway,Kobayashisaid,istogrowdifferentformsofricethathaveshowntobemoreresistanttohighercarbondioxidelevels.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。探討表明,不斷增加的溫室氣體可能會削減糧食作物的重要養(yǎng)分成分,對人們的身體健康造成影響。1.Whichcountrywouldbeinfluencedmostbyplanet-warminggasesaccordingtothetext?A.China. B.Myanmar.C.America. D.Britain.【解析】選B。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“theeffectsofplanet-warminggaseswouldbemostsevereforthe