2016考研英語一真題1

2016年全國碩士研究生招生考試

英語一試題

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorD

ontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

@InCambodia,thechoiceofaspouseisacomplexonefortheyoungmale.②Itmayinvolve

notonlyhisparentsandhisfriends,]thoseoftheyoungwoman,butalsoamatchmaker.③

Ayoungmancan2alikelyspouseonhisownandthenaskhisparentsto3the

marriagenegotiations,ortheyoungman'sparentsmaymakethechoiceofaspouse,givingthechild

littletosayintheselection.④4,agirlmayvetothespouseherparentshavechosen.⑤_5

aspousehasbeenselected,eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesureitschildismarrying_6

agoodfamily.

①Thetraditionalweddingisalongandcolorfulaffair.Formerlyitlastedthreedays,_7

bythe1980sitmorecommonlylastedadayandahalf.②Buddhistpriestsofferashortsermonand

8_prayersofblessing.?Partsoftheceremonyinvolveritualhaircutting,9cottonthreads

soakedinholywateraroundthebride'sandgroom'swrists,and10acandlearoundacircle

ofhappilymarriedandrespectedcouplestoblessthe11④Newlywedstraditionallymovein

withthewife'sparentsandmay12withthemuptoayear,13theycanbuildanew

housenearby.

?Divorceislegalandeasyto14,butnotcommon.Divorcedpersonsare15with

somedisapproval.②Eachspouseretains16propertyheorshe17intothemarriage,

andjointly-acquiredpropertyis]8equally.?Divorcedpersonsmayremarry,butagender

prejudice19up:Thedivorcedmaledoesn'thaveawaitingperiodbeforehecanremarry20

thewomanmustwaittenmonths.

1.[A]bywayof[B]aswellas[C]onbehalfof[D]withregardto

2.[A]adaptto[B]providefor[C]competewith[D]decideon

3.[A]close[B]renew[C]arrange[D]postpone

4.[A]Intheory[B]Aboveall[C]Intime[D]Forexample

5.[A]Although[B]Lest[C]After[D]Unless

6.[A]into|B]within[C]from[D]through

7.[A]since[B]or[C]but[D]so

8.[A]testIB]copy[C]recite[D]create

9.[A]folding[B]piling[C]wrapping[D]tying

10.[A|lighting[B]passing[C]hiding[D]serving

11.[A]meeting[B]association[C]collection[D]union

12.[A]grow[B]part[C]deal[D]live

13.[A]whereas[B]until[C]for[D]if

14.[A]obtain|B]follow[C]challenge[D]avoid

15.[A]isolated[B]persuaded[C]viewed[D]exposed

16.[A]wherever[B]however[C]whenever[D]whatever

17.[A]changed[B]brought[C]sh叩ed[D]pushed

18.[A]divided|B]invested[C]donated[D]withdrawn

19.[A]clears[B]warms[C]shows[D]breaks

20.[AJwhile[B]sothat[C]once[D]inthat

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

?France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashionindustry

haslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwomen.②Itslawmakersgavepreliminary

approvallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeitacrimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways.

(3)Theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthat“inciteexcessivethinness^^bypromotingextreme

dieting.

①Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.②Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbe

definedbylooksthatendupimpingingonhealth.③That'sastart.④Andthebanonultra-thin

modelsseemstogobeyondprotectingmodelsfromstarvingthemselvestodeath-assomehave

done.⑤Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmusttakeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,

especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheirindividual

worth.

@Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowomen(andmanymen)thattheyshouldnot

letothersbearbitersoftheirbeauty.②Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthatpeopleshouldlookto

intangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthandietingtheirwaytosizezeroorwasp-

waistphysiques.

①TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculturethat

stillregardsbeautyasskin-deep—andbone-showing.②Underthelaw,usingafashionmodelthat

doesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymasscouldresultina$85,000fineandsix

monthsinprison.

@Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornment

andidealizedbodytypes.②InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,itistryingto

setvoluntarystandardsfbrmodelsandfashionimagesthatrelymoreonpeerpressurefor

enforcement.

①IncontrasttoFrance'sactions,Denmark'sfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrulesand

sanctionsregardingtheage,health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.②ThenewlyrevisedDanish

FashionEthicalCharterclearlystates:"Weareawareofandtakeresponsibilityfbrtheimpactthe

fashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especiallyonyoungpeople."③Thecharter'smaintoolof

enforcementistodenyaccessfordesignersandmodelingagenciestoCopenhagenFashionWeek

(CFW),whichisrunbytheDanishFashionInstitute.?Butingeneralitreliesonaname-and-

shamemethodofcompliance.

?Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanlawtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybe

thebeststep.②Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerialstandards

ofaparticularindustry.

21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninFrance?

A.Physicalbeautywouldberedefined.

B.Newrunwayswouldbeconstructed.

C.Websitesaboutdietingwouldthrive.

D.Thefashionindustrywoulddecline.

22.Thephrase“impingingon^^(Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto

A.indicatingthestateof.

B.heighteningthevalueof.

C.losingfaithin.

D.doingharmto.

23.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry?

A.TheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed.

B.NewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark.

C.Modelsarenolongerunderpeerpressure.

D.Itsinherentproblemsaregettingworse.

24.AdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWfor

A.pursuingperfectphysicalconditions.

B.caringtoomuchaboutmodels'character.

C.showinglittleconcernforhealthfactors.

D.settingahighagethresholdformodels.

25.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?

A.AChallengetotheFashionIndustry'sBodyIdeals

B.ADilemmafortheStarvingModelsinFrance

C.JustAnotherRoundofStruggleforBeauty

D.TheGreatThreatstotheFashionIndustry

Text2

@Forthefirsttimeinhistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.②InBritainthis

hashadacuriousresult.③WhilepollsshowBritonsrate"thecountryside^^alongsidetheroyal

family,ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService(NHS)aswhatmakesthemproudestoftheir

country,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.

①AcenturyagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhousesbutto

save“thebeautyofnaturalplacesfbreveryoneforever.②Itwasspecificallytoprovidecity

dwellerswithspacesfbrleisurewheretheycouldexperience“arefreshingair.^^③Hill'spressure

laterledtothecreationofnationalparksandgreenbelts.?Theydon'tmakecountrysideanymore,

andeveryyearconcreteconsumesmoreofit.@Itneedsconstantguardianship.

①Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethissentiment.②The

Conservatives,planningreformexplicitlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityoverconservation,even

authorising“ofTplan“buildingwherelocalpeoplemightobject.③Theconceptofsustainable

developmenthasbeendefinedasprofitable.?Labourlikewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanning

wherecouncilsopposedevelopment.⑤TheLiberalDemocratsaresilent.⑥OnlyUkip,sensingits

chance,hassidedwiththosepleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.?Its

CampaigntoProtectRuralEnglandstruckterrorintomanylocalConservativeparties.

①Thesensibleplacetobuildnewhouses,factoriesandofficesiswherepeopleare,incities

andtownswhereinfrastructureisinplace.②TheLondonagentsStirlingAckroydrecently

identifiedenoughsitesforhalfamillionhousesintheLandonareaalone,withnointrusionongreen

belt.(3)WhatistrueofLondoniseventrueroftheprovinces.

①Theideathat"housingcrisis,,equals"concretedmeadows“ispurelobbytalk.②Theissue

isnottheneedformorehousesbut,asalways,wheretoputthem.?Underlobbypressure,George

Osbornefavoursruralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovationandrenewal.?Hefavoursout-of-town

shoppingsitesagainsthighstreets.⑤Thisisnotafreemarketbutabiasedone.?Ruraltownsand

villageshavegrownandwillalwaysgrow.?Theydosobestwherebuildingstickstotheiredges

andrespectstheircharacter.⑧Wedonotruinurbanconservationareas.⑨Whyruinruralones?

?Developmentshouldbeplanned,notletrip.②AftertheNetherlands,BritainisEurope's

mostcrowdedcountry.③Halfacenturyoftownandcountryplanninghasenabledittoretainan

enviableruralcoherence,whilestillpermittinglow-densityurbanliving.?Thereisnodoubtofthe

alternative-thecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,SpainorIreland.?Avoidingthisrather

thanpromotingitshouldunitetheleftandrightofthepoliticalspectrum.

26.Britain'spublicsentimentaboutthecountryside

A.hasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHS.

B.didn'tstarttilltheShakespeareanage.

C.isfullybackedbytheroyalfamily.

D.isnotwellreflectedinpolitics.

27.AccordingtoParagraph2,theachievementsoftheNationalTrustarenowbeing

A.graduallydestroyed.

B.effectivelyreinforced.

C.properlyprotected.

D.largelyovershadowed.

28.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?

A.Labourisunderattackforopposingdevelopment.

B.TheConservativesmayabandon"omplan“building.

C.Ukipmaygainfromitssupportforruralconservation.

D.TheLiberalDemocratsarelosingpoliticalinfluence.

29.TheauthorholdsthatGeorgeOsborne'spreference

A.revealsastrongprejudiceagainsturbanareas.

B.showshisdisregardforthecharacterofruralareas.

C.stressesthenecessityofeasingthehousingcrisis.

D.highlightshisfirmstandagainstlobbypressure.

30.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorshowshisappreciationof

A.thesizeofpopulationinBritain.

B.theenviableurbanlifestyleinBritain.

C.thetown-and-countryplanninginBritain.

D.thepoliticallifeintoday'sBritain.

Text3

①“Thereisoneandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusiness,“wroteMiltonFriedman,a

Nobelprize-winningeconomist,"Thatis,touseitsresourcesandengageinactivitiesdesignedto

increaseitsprofits.,,②ButevenifyouacceptFriedman'spremiseandregardcorporatesocial

responsibility(CSR)policiesasawasteofshareholders?money,thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-

cut.③NewresearchsuggeststhatCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcompanies-atleastwhen

theyareprosecutedforcorruption.

?ThelargestfirmsinAmericaandBritaintogetherspendmorethan$15billionayearon

CSR,accordingtoanestimatebyEPG,aconsultingfirm.②Thiscouldaddvaluetotheirbusinesses

inthreeways.③First,consumersmaytakeCSRspendingasa<6signal^^thatacompany'sproducts

areofhighquality.?Second,customersmaybewillingtobuyacompany'sproductsasanindirect

waytodonatetothegoodcausesithelps.@Andthird,throughamorediffuse“haloeffect,v

wherebyitsgooddeedsearnitgreaterconsiderationfromconsumersandothers.

?PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingtheseeffectsbecauseconsumers

canbeaffectedbyallthree.②Arecentstudyattemptstoseparatethembylookingatbribery

prosecutionsunderAmerica'sForeignCorruptPracticesAct(FCPA).③Itarguesthatsince

prosecutorsdonotconsumeacompany5sproductsaspartoftheirinvestigations,theycouldbe

influencedonlybythehaloeffect.

①Thestudyfoundthat,amongprosecutedfirms,thosewiththemostcomprehensiveCSR

programmestendedtogetmorelenientpenalties.②Theiranalysisruledoutthepossibilitythatit

wasfirms'politicalinfluence,ratherthantheirCSRstand,thataccountedfortheleniency:

Companiesthatcontributedmoretopoliticalcampaignsdidnotreceivelowerfines.

①Inall,thestudyconcludesthatwhereasprosecutorsshouldonlyevaluateacasebasedonits

merits,theydoseemtobeinfluencedbyacompany'srecordinCSR.②"Weestimatethateither

eliminatingasubstantiallabour-rightsconcern,suchaschildlabour,orincreasingcorporategiving

byabout20%resultsinfinesthatgenerallyare40%lowerthanthetypicalpunishmentforbribing

foreignofficials,saysoneresearcher.

?Researchersadmitthattheirstudydoesnotanswerthequestionofhowmuchbusinesses

oughttospendonCSR.②Nordoesitrevealhowmuchcompaniesarebankingonthehaloeffect,

ratherthantheotherpossiblebenefits,whentheydecidetheirdo-goodingpolicies.③Butatleast

theyhavedemonstratedthatwhencompaniesgetintotroublewiththelaw,evidenceofgood

charactercanwinthemalesscostlypunishment.

31.TheauthorviewsMiltonFriedman'sstatementaboutCSRwith

A.uncertainty.

B.skepticism.

C.approval.

D.tolerance.

32.AccordingtoParagraph2,CSRhelpsacompanyby

A.guardingitagainstmalpractices.

B.protectingitfrombeingdefamed.

C.winningtrustfromconsumers.

D.raisingthequalityofitsproducts.

33.Theexpression“morelenient"(Para.4)isclosestinmeaningto

A.lesscontroversial.

B.morelasting.

C.moreeffective.

D.lesssevere.

34.Whenprosecutorsevaluateacase,acompany'sCSRrecord

A.comesacrossasreliableevidence.

B.hasanimpactontheirdecision.

C.increasesthechanceofbeingpenalized.

D.constitutespartoftheinvestigation.

35.WhichofthefollowingistrueofCSR,accordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Thenecessaryamountofcompanies,spendingonitisunknown.

B.Companies'financialcapacityforithasbeenoverestimated.

C.Itsnegativeeffectsonbusinessesareoftenoverlooked.

D.Ithasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry.

Text4

①TherewilleventuallycomeadaywhenTheNewYorkTimesceasestopublishstorieson

newsprint.?Exactlywhenthatdaywillbeisamatterofdebate.③“Sometimeinthefuture,9,the

paper'spublishersaidbackin2010.

?Nostalgiaforinkonpaperandtherustleofpagesaside,there'splentyofincentivetoditch

print.②Theinfrastructurerequiredtomakeaphysicalnewspaper-printingpresses,deliverytrucks

—isn'tjustexpensive;ifsexcessiveatatimewhenonline-onlycompetitorsdon'thavethesame

setoffinancialconstraints.?Readersaremigratingawayfromprintanyway.@Andthoughprint

adsalesstilldwarftheironlineandmobilecounterparts,revenuefromprintisstilldeclining.

?Overheadmaybehighandcirculationlower,butrushingtoeliminateitsprinteditionwould

beamistake,saysBuzzFeedCEOJonahPeretti.

@PerettisaystheTimesshouldn'twastetimegettingoutoftheprintbusiness,butonlyifthey

goaboutdoingittherightway.②"Figuringoutawaytoacceleratethattransitionwouldmake

sensefbrthem,^^hesaid,“butifyoudiscontinueit,you'regoingtohaveyourmostloyalcustomers

reallyupsetwithyou.”

?Sometimesthat'sworthmakingachangeanyway.②PerettigivestheexampleofNetflix

discontinuingitsDVD-mailingservicetofocusonstreaming.③“Itwasseenasablunder/5hesaid.

@Themoveturnedouttobeforesighted.⑤AndifPerettiwereinchargeattheTimes?⑥"I

wouldn'tpickayeartoendprint,“hesaid."Iwouldraisepricesandmakeitintomoreofalegacy

product.^^

?Themostloyalcustomerswouldstillgettheproducttheyfavor,theideagoes,andthey'd

feelliketheywerehelpingsustainthequalityofsomethingtheybelievein.②"Soifyou're

overpayingfbrprint,youcouldfeellikeyouwerehelping,Perettisaid.③“Thenincreaseitata

higherrateeachyearandessentiallytrytogenerateadditionalrevenue.^^@Inotherwords,ifyou're

goingtomakeaprintproduct,makeitfbrthepeoplewhoarealreadyobsessedwithit.?Which

maybewhattheTimesisdoingalready.?Gettingtheprinteditionsevendaysaweekcostsnearly

$500ayear—morethantwiceasmuchasadigital-onlysubscription.

①"It'sareallyhardthingtodoandit'satremendousluxurythatBuzzFeeddoesn'thavea

legacybusiness,**Perettiremarked.②"Butwe'regoingtohavequestionslikethatwherewehave

thingswe'redoingthatdon'tmakesensewhenthemarketchangesandtheworldchanges.③In

thosesituations,it'sbettertobemoreaggressivethanlessaggressive.^^

36.TheNewYorkTimesisconsideringendingitsprinteditionpartlydueto

A.theincreasingonlineadsales.

B.thepressurefromitsinvestors.

C.thecomplaintsfromitsreaders.

D.thehighcostofoperation.

37.Perettisuggeststhat,infaceofthepresentsituation,theTimesshould

A.makestrategicadjustments.

B.endtheprinteditionforgood.

C.seeknewsourcesofreadership.

D.aimforefficientmanagement.

38.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraphs5and6thata“l(fā)egacyproduct”

A.helpsrestorethegloryofformertimes.

B.ismeantforthemostloyalcustomers.

C.willhavethecostofprintingreduced.

D.expandsthepopularityofthepaper.

39.Perettibelievesthat,inachangingworld,

A.traditionalluxuriescanstayunaffected.

B.cautiousnessfacilitatesproblem-solving.

C.aggressivenessbettermeetschallenges.

D.legacybusinessesarebecomingoutdated.

40.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?

A.ShifttoOnlineNewspapersAllatOnce

B.CherishtheNewspaperStillinYourHand

C.KeepYourNewspapersForeverinFashion

D.MakeYourPrintNewspaperaLuxuryGood

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfrom

thelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadings.Mark

youranswersontheANSERSHEET.(10points)

A.Createanewimageofyourself

B.Decideifthetimeisright

C.Haveconfidenceinyourself

D.Understandthecontext

E.Workwithprofessionals

F.Makeitefficient

G.Knowyourgoals

Nomatterhowformalorinformaltheworkenvironment,thewayyoupresentyourselfhasan

impact.Thisisespeciallytrueinthefirstimpressions.AccordingtoresearchfromPrinceton

University,peopleassessyourcompetence,trustworthiness,andlikeabilityinjustatenthofa

second,solelybasedonthewayyoulook.

Thedifferencebetweentoday'sworkplaceandthe“dressforsuccess^^eraisthattherangeof

optionsissomuchbroader.Normshaveevolvedandfragmented.Insomesettings,redsneakersor

dressT-shirtscanconveystatus;inothersnotsomuch.Plus,whateverimagewepresentis

magnifiedbysocial-mediaserviceslikeLinkedln.Chancesare,yourheadshotsareseenmuchmore

oftennowthanadecadeortwoago.Millennials,itseems,facetheparadoxofbeingtheleastformal

generationyetthemostconsciousofstyleandpersonalbranding.Itcanbeconfusing.

Sohowdowenavigatethis?Howdoweknowwhentoinvestinanupgrade?Andwhat'sthe

bestwaytopulloffonethatenhancesourgoals?

Herearesometips:

41.

Asanexecutivecoach,I'veseenimageupgradesbeparticularlyhelpfulduringtransitions一

whenlookingforanewjob,steppingintoanewormorepublicrole,orchangingworkenvironments.

Ifyou'reinaperiodofchangeorjustfeelingstuckandinarut,nowmaybeagoodtime.Ifyou're

notsure,askforhonestfeedbackfromtrustedfriends,colleaguesandprofessionals.Lookforcues

abouthowothersperceiveyou.Maybethere'snoneedfbranupgradeandthat'sOK.

42.

Getclearonwhatimpactyou'rehopingtohave.Areyoulookingtorefreshyourimageor

pivotit?Foroneperson,thegoalmaybetobetakenmoreseriouslyandenhancetheirprofessional

image.Foranother,itmaybetobeperceivedasmoreapproachable,ormoremodernandstylish.

Forsomeonemovingfromfinancetoadvertising,maybetheywanttolookmore"SoHo."(It'sOK

tousecharacterizationslikethat.)

43.

Lookatyourworkenvironmentlikeananthropologist.Whatarethenormsofyour

environment?Whatconveysstatus?Whoareyourmostimportantaudiences?Howdothepeople

yourespectandlookuptopresentthemselves?Thebetteryouunderstandtheculturalcontext,the

morecontrolyoucanhaveoveryourimpact.

44.

Enlistthesupportofprofessionalsandsharewiththemyourgoalsandcontext.Hireapersonal

stylist,orusethefreestylingserviceofastorelikeJ.Crew.Tryahairstylistinsteadofabarber.

Workwithaprofessionalphotographerinsteadofyourspouseorfriend.Ifsnotasexpensiveasyou

mightthink.

45.

Thepointofastyleupgradeisn'ttobecomemorevainortospendmoretimefussingoverwhat

towear.Instead,useitasanopportunitytoreducedecisionfatigue.Pickastandardworkuniform

orafewgo-tooptions.Buyallyourclothesatoncewithastylistinsteadofshoppingalone,one

articleofclothingatatime.

PartC

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Your

translationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Mentalhealthisourbirthright.(46)Wedon'thavetolearnhowtobementallyhealthy;itis

buillinlousinihesamewayihalourbodiesknowhowlohealaculormendabrokenbone.Mental

healthcan'tbelearned,onlyreawakened.Itisliketheimmunesystemofthebody,whichunder

stressorthroughlackofnutritionorexercisecanbeweakened,butwhichneverleavesus.When

wedon'tunderstandthevalueofmentalhealthandwedon'tknowhowtogainaccesstoit,menta