2018年考研英語(yǔ)二試題與答案解析SectionIUseofEnglish

2018年考研英語(yǔ)二試題與答案解析（完整版）

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand

markA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

whydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwill

obviouslybepainful?Becausehumanshaveaninherentneed

to_LuncertaintyaccordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenew

researchrevealsthattheneedtoknowissostrongthatpeoplewiill_2tosatisfytheir

curiosityevenwhenitiscleartheanswerwill3.

Inaseriesoffourexperiments,behavioralscientistsattheUniversityofChicagoand

theWisconsinSchoolofBusinesstestedstudents*willingnessto生themselvesto

unpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity.Forone_5eachparticipantwas

shownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviousexperiment.

Thetwist?Halfofthepenswould6_anelectricshockwhenclicked.

Twenty-sevenstudentsweretoldwhichpenswereelectrified;anothertwenty-sevenw

eretoldonlythatsomewereelectrified7leftaloneintheroom,thestudentswhodid

notknowwhichoneswouldshockthemclickedmorepensandincurredmoreshocks

thanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould8.Subsequentexperimentsreproducedthisef

feetwithotherstimuli,_9thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsof

disgustinginsects.

Thedriveto10isdeeplyrootedinhumans,muchthesameasthebasicdrivesfor11o

rshelter,saysChristopherHseeoftheUniversityofChicago.Curiosityisoftenconsid

eredagoodinstinct-itcan12newscientificadvances,forinstance-butsometimessue

h13caninsightthatcuriositycandriveyoutodo14thingsisaprofoundIthycuriosit

yispossibletoL5,however.Inafinalexperiment,participantswhowereencouragedt

o16howtheywouldfeelafterviewinganunpleasantpicturewerelesslikelyto17to

seesuchanresultssuggestthatimaginingthe]_8offollowingthroughonone'scurios

ityaheadoftimecanhelpdeterminej_9itisworththeendeavor.Thinkingaboutlong-

term20iskeytoreducingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity.nHseeotherword

s,don'treadonlinecomments.

1.A.resolveB.protectC.discussD.ignore

2.A.refuseB.waitC.seekD.regret

3.A.riseB.lastC.misleadD.hurt

4.A.alertB.tieC.exposeD.treat

5.A.messageB.trialC.reviewD.concept

6.A.removeB.weakenC.deliverD.interrupt

7.A.UnlessB.IfC.ThoughD.When

8.A.happenB.continueC.disappearD.change

9.A.ratherthanB.suchasC.regardlessofD.owingto

10.A.disagreeB.forgiveC.forgetD.discover

11.A.payB.marriageC.foodD.schooling

12.A.beginwithB.restonC.learnfromD.leadto

13.A.withdrawalB.inquiryC.persistenceD.diligence

14.A.self-destiuctiveB.self-reliantC.self-evidentD.self-deceptive

15.A.resistB.defineC.replaceD.trace

16.A.predictB.overlookC.designD.conceal

17.A.rememberB.chooseC.promiseD.pretend

18.A.reliefB.planC.outcomeD.duty

19.A.whetherB.whyC.whereD.how

20.A.limitationsB.investmentsC.strategiesD.consequences

1.【答案】A

【解析】句首作者提出疑問，“為什么人們會(huì)讀互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的負(fù)面評(píng)論和明顯很讓人

傷心的其它事情呢？”隨后作者給出答案，“因?yàn)槿藗兌加小淮_定性的內(nèi)在需

求”。［A］解決［B］保護(hù)［C］討論［D］忽視，根據(jù)動(dòng)賓搭配關(guān)系，解決不確定性搭配合

理。

2.【答案】C

【解析】本題考查動(dòng)介詞搭配。根據(jù)原文語(yǔ)境，需要選擇一個(gè)動(dòng)詞和后面的“to”

連用。［A］拒絕做…［B］等待做…［C］尋求，力求做…［D］后悔做…結(jié)合文意“人們要

—滿足他們的好奇心”來判斷，正選為［C］尋求，力求做。

3.【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)原文語(yǔ)境，"painful,uncertainty”均為消極詞匯。

4.【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配考查。根據(jù)原文語(yǔ)境，考查短語(yǔ)—sbtosth意為“讓某人承

受某事”。因此，C選項(xiàng)為正選。

5.【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)上文，第二段句首提到inaseriesoffourexperiments,說明是在“實(shí)驗(yàn)”

的語(yǔ)境。結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，［A］信息［B］實(shí)驗(yàn)［C］復(fù)習(xí)［D］觀念，只有B選項(xiàng)和段落語(yǔ)

境相符合。因此為正選。

6.【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)賓搭配。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，“當(dāng)點(diǎn)擊的時(shí)候，一半的鋼筆會(huì)—電流?！备鶕?jù)

動(dòng)賓搭配，本題需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞來搭配電流，考查四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，［A］移除［B］削弱［C］

傳遞［D］打擾A選項(xiàng)更符合語(yǔ)境。

7.【答案】D

【解析】時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的考查。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，”—被獨(dú)自留在房間，學(xué)生會(huì)?…”，因此，

這是一個(gè)非常明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。正選為D.

8.【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。結(jié)合原文語(yǔ)境，由who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾前面的學(xué)生，

而在定語(yǔ)從句中，又出現(xiàn)由what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。結(jié)合賓語(yǔ)從句的含義，“知道

接下來會(huì)發(fā)生什么”更符合語(yǔ)境。

9.【答案】B

【解析】結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，后面語(yǔ)境為并列關(guān)系，因此此題應(yīng)填舉例子。B為正選。

10.【答案】D

【解析】Discover與上文中的Curiosity相對(duì)應(yīng)。

11.【答案】C

【解析】本詞與后文的Basicdrives的詳細(xì)說明。與shelter一樣都屬于人類的基

本需求。

12.【答案】D

【解析】破折號(hào)的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前文instinct的解釋。說明這種本能能夠促進(jìn)新的科

學(xué)發(fā)展，屬于因果關(guān)系。

13.【答案】B

【解析】跟前文的drives相對(duì)應(yīng)。

14.【答案】A

【解析】本題與前文的backfire相對(duì)應(yīng)，都屬于貶義詞。

15.【答案】A

【解析?】從后文的試驗(yàn)中，參與者應(yīng)該被鼓勵(lì)參與，因此跟前文的堅(jiān)持相對(duì)應(yīng)。

16.【答案】A

【解析】通過后文的after能看出這個(gè)事情并沒有發(fā)生，因此填預(yù)測(cè)。

17.【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)賓搭配。

18.【答案】C

【解析】of引導(dǎo)的后置定語(yǔ)。由一個(gè)人的好奇心所帶來的結(jié)果。

19.【答案】A

【解析】whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。

20.【答案】D

【解析】關(guān)聯(lián)對(duì)應(yīng)，對(duì)應(yīng)18題的outcome.

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing

A,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

ItiscuriousthatStephenKoziatekfeelsalmostasthoughhehastojustifyhis

effortstogivehisstudentsabetterfuture.

Mr.Koziatekispartofsomethingpioneering.HeisateacherataNewHampshire

highschoolwherelearningisnotsomethingofbooksandtestsandmechanical

memorization,butpractical.Whendiditbecomeacceptedwisdomthatstudents

shouldbeabletonamethe13thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesbutbeutterly

overwhelmedbyabrokenbikechain?

AsKoziatekknows,thereislearninginjustabouteverything.Nothingis

necessarilygainedbyforcingstudentstolearngeometryatagraffitieddeskstuck

withgenerationsofdiscardedchewinggum.Theycanalsolearngeometryby

assemblingabicycle.

Buthe'salsofoundakindofinsidiousprejudice.Workingwithyourhandsisseen

asalmostamarkofIsinthefamilyofvocationaleducation“havethatstereotype..that

it'sfbrkidswhocan'tmakeitacademically,,9hesays.

Ononehand,thatviewpointisalogicalproductofAmerica'sacturingisnotthe

economicenginethatitoncejobsecuritythattheUSeconomyonceofferedtohigh

schoolgraduateshaslargelyeducationisthenewwantmoreforourkids,and

rigitfullyso.

Buttheheadlongpushintobachelor'sdegreesforall-andthesubtledevaluingof

anythingless-missesanimportantpoint:That'snottheonlythingtheAmerican

economy,abachelor'sdegreeopensmoreevennow,54percentofthejobsinthe

countryaremiddle-skilljobs,suchasconstructionandhigh-skillonly44percentof

workersareadequatelytrained.

Inotherwords,atatimewhentheworkingclasshasturnedthecountryonits

politicalhead,frustratedthattheopportunitythatoncedefinedAmericais

vanishing,oneobvioussolutionisstaringusintheisagapinworking-classjobs,but

theworkerswhoneedthosejobsmostaren'tequippedtodotek'sManchesterSchool

ofTechnologyHighSchoolistryingtofillthatgap.

Koziatek'sschoolisawake-upeducationbecomesone-size-fits-all,itrisks

overlookinganation'sdiversiyofgifts.

21.【題干】Abrokanbikechainismentionedtoshowstudents9lackof.

A.mechanicalmemorization

B.academictraining

C.practicalability

D.pioneeringspirit

22.【題干】Thereexiststheprejudicethatvocationaleducationisforkidswho.

A.arefinanciallydisadvantaged

B.arenotacademicallysuccessful

C.haveastereotypedmind

D.havenocareermotivation

23.【題干】WecaninferfromParagraph5thathighschoolgraduates.

A.areentitledtomoreEducationalprivileges

B.arereluctanttoworkinmanufacturing

C.usedtohavemorejobopportunities

D.usedtohavebigfinancialconcerns

24.【題干】Theheadlongpushintobacheloi'sdegreesforall.

A.helpscreatealotofmiddle-skilljobs

B.maynarrowthegapinworking-classjobs

C.isexpectedtoyieldabetter-trainedworkforce

D.indicatestheovervaluingofhighereducation

25.【題干】Theauthor'sattitudetowardKoziatek'sschoolcanbedescribedas.

A.supportive

B.disappointed

C.tolerant

D.cautious

21.【答案】Cpracticalability

【解析】這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可定位至第二段最后一句話，意

思是“什么時(shí)候這種觀點(diǎn)變得可接受了呢？學(xué)生應(yīng)該能夠說出美國(guó)第十三任總統(tǒng)

的名字，但是卻完全對(duì)壞了的自行車鏈?zhǔn)譄o策”。從作者使用問句的形式就可

判斷出作者并不接受這種觀點(diǎn)，即學(xué)生只學(xué)會(huì)書本上的知識(shí)而不具備實(shí)際能力。

再結(jié)合上一句話即本段第二句話，MrKoziatek是NewHampshire高中的一名老

師，在這所學(xué)校，學(xué)習(xí)不只是書本上的知識(shí)，或者是為了考試，也不是為了機(jī)械

化的記憶，而是為了實(shí)際的技能。能看出，作者認(rèn)為學(xué)生們?nèi)鄙俚氖菍?shí)際技能，

所以答案是Cpracticalability.

22.【答案】Barenotacademicallysuccessful

【解析】這是一道具體細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞職業(yè)教育對(duì)孩子存在的偏見

可定位至第四段最后一句，意思是“在很多職業(yè)化教育的學(xué)校中，有這樣一種老

套的思想，那就是，職業(yè)教育是針對(duì)那些在學(xué)術(shù)上不能成功的那些孩子的。”根

據(jù)這句話可確定答案就是Barenotacademicallysuccessful。其他選項(xiàng)均不符合文

思。

23.（答案1Cusedtohavemorejobopportunities

【解析】這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，根據(jù)題干第五段和highschoolgraduates回

到原文定位致第五段第三句，說到美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)曾經(jīng)提供給高中畢業(yè)生的那種thejob

security已經(jīng)在很大程度上evaporated也就是消失了，那說明過去的時(shí)候高中畢

業(yè)生是有職業(yè)安全感的，故選C,其他選項(xiàng)都不在定位處，可以排除。

24.【答案】Dindicatetheovervaluingofhighereducation

【解析】這是一道事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容“theheadlongpush”找到出處是

第六段開頭But后，發(fā)現(xiàn)后面還有一個(gè)and…和其并列，所以主要關(guān)注對(duì)這兩部

分的評(píng)價(jià)，后面有明顯的標(biāo)點(diǎn)：冒號(hào)出現(xiàn)，冒號(hào)后說thatisnottheonlythingthe

Americaneconomyneeds.可以看出這句話對(duì)前面的否定，選項(xiàng)中只有D選項(xiàng)動(dòng)

詞overvalue是負(fù)面詞，而且提到主題詞education。故選D。這道題最適合用感

情色彩來排除與D相反的其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。

25.【答案】Asupportive

【解析】這是一道態(tài)度題，放在最末的態(tài)度題更傾向于到最后一段找答案。

通過定位詞Koziatek飛school看到最后一段也確實(shí)提到了，說它是一個(gè)wake-up

callo也就是在喚醒人們教育不應(yīng)該是統(tǒng)一的形式，這樣會(huì)overlookinganation's

diversityofgifts,也就是忽視人才的差異性。所以可以看出作者是支持的態(tài)度。

Text2

Whilefossilfuels-coal,oil,gas-stillgenerateroughly85percentoftheworld's

energysupply,ifsclearerthaneverthatthefuturebelongstorenewablesourcessuchas

windandmovetorenewablesispickingupmomentumaroundtheworld:Theynow

accountformorethanhalfofnewpowersourcesgoingonline.

Somegrowthstemsfromacommitmentbygovemmentsandfarsighted

Businssestofundcleanerenergyincreasinglythestoryisabouttheplummetingpricesof

renewables,especiallywindandcostofsolarpanelshasdroppedby80percentand

thecostofwindturbinesbyclosetaone-thirdinthepasteightyears.

Inmanypartsoftheworldrenewableenergyisalreadyaprincipalenergy

Scotland,forexample,windturbinesprovideenoughelectricitytopower95percentof

homes.Whiletherestoftheworldtakesthelead,notablyChinaandEurope,the

UnitedStatesisalsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch,forthefirsttime,windand

solarpoweraccountedformorethan10percentofthepowergeneratedinthe

US,reportedtheUSEnergyInformationAdministration.

PresidentTrumphasunderlinedfossilfuels-especiallycoal-asthepathto

economicgrowth.InarecentspeechinIowa,hedismissedwindpowerasan

unreliableenergysource,Butthatmessagedidnotplaywellwithmanyin

Iowa,wherewindturbinesdotthefieldsandprovide36percentofthestate's

electricitygeneration-andwheretechgiantslikeMicrosoftarebeingattractedbythe

availabilityofcleanenergytopowertheirdatacenters.

Thequestion“whathappenswhenthewinddoesn*tbloworthesundoesn^shine?

"hasprovidedaquickput-downforskeptics.Butaboostinthestorage

apacityofbatteriesismakingtheirabilitytokeeppowerflowingaroundthe

clockmorelikely.

Theadvanceisdriveninparbyvehiclemanufacturers,whoareplacingbig

betsonbattery-poweredelectricvehicles.Althoughelectriccarsarestillararity

onroadsnow.thismassiveinvestmentcouldchangethepicturerapidlyincoming

years.

Whilethere*salongwaytogo,thetrendlinesfbrrenewablesarespiking.The

paceofchangeinenergysourcesappearstobespeedingupperhaps:justintime

tohaveameaningfuleffectinslowingclimateWashingtondoes-or

doesn'tdo-topromotealternativeenergymaymeanlessandlessatimeof

aglobalshiftinthought.

26.【題干】Thewordnplummetingn(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto

【選項(xiàng)】

A.stabilizing

B.changing

C.falling

D.rising

27.【題干】

AccordingtoParagraph3,theuseofrenewableenergyinAmerica

【選項(xiàng)】

A.isprogressingnotably

B.isasextensiveasinEurope

C.facesmanychallenges

D.hasprovedtobeimpractical

28.【題干］ItcanbelearnedthatinIowa,.

【選項(xiàng)】

A.windisawidelyusedenergysource

B.windenergyhasreplacedfossilfuels

C.techgiantsareinvestingincleanenergy

D.thereisashortageofcleanenergysupply

29.【題干】WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutcleanenergyaccordingtoParagraphs

5&6?A.Itsapplicationhasboostedbatterystorage.B.Itiscommonlyusedincar

manufacturing.C.Itscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality.D.Itssustainable

exploitationwillremaindifficult.30.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat

renewableenergy.

【選項(xiàng)】

A.willbringtheUSclosertoothercountries

B.willaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchange

C.isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernment

D.isnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscost

30.【題干】Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatrenewableenergy.

【選項(xiàng)】

A.willbringtheUSclosertoothercountries

B.willaccelerateglobalenvironmentalchange

C.isnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernment

D.isnotcompetitiveenoughwithregardtoitscost

26.【答案】Cfalling

【解析】這是一道詞義句意題，要想知道plummeting的意思，首先要回到

原文找線索，即plummeting所在的句子以及上下句，由原文可知，plummeting

所在句子是在說現(xiàn)在例如風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能這樣的可再生資源的價(jià)格的問題，

plummeting是修飾可再生資源的價(jià)格的，接著二段最后一句就在用具體數(shù)字來證

明可再生資源的成本在下降，如太陽(yáng)能成本下降了百分之八十，風(fēng)能也降到三分

之一，由此可知，可再生資源的成本在下降，plummeting的含義是下降的意思。

所以選擇Cfallingo

27.【答案】Aisprogressingnotably

【解析】這是一道具體細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第三段第三句及第四

句，意思是“在中國(guó)和歐洲等國(guó)家已經(jīng)領(lǐng)先時(shí)，美國(guó)也在見證著巨大的改變。根

據(jù)美國(guó)能源信息局報(bào)道，三月份，美國(guó)首次使用風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能產(chǎn)生了超過百分之

十以上的能源。”這足以說明在美國(guó)，可再生能源的使用正在取得顯著地進(jìn)步。

所以答案是A。

28.［答案】Awindisawidelyusedenergysource

【解析】這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位至第四段第三句，在愛

荷華州，風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)點(diǎn)綴著這個(gè)州并提供了此州百分之三十六的電能，并且還吸

引了像微軟這樣的科技巨頭公司。因此可判斷，在愛荷華州，風(fēng)能是一種廣泛使

用的能源。所以答案是A。

29.［答案］Citscontinuoussupplyisbecomingareality

【解析】這是一道是非細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干給出的段落位置，5-6兩段和主題

詞cleanenergy,回到原文的第5-6段，這兩段都不長(zhǎng)，第五段出現(xiàn)了But后講到

電池容量的提升aboostinthestorage,與A選項(xiàng)不符，并不是因果關(guān)系，故排除;

B選項(xiàng)說道廣泛用在制造業(yè)也不符合原文第六段第一句；而D選項(xiàng)和原文第六

段最后一句是語(yǔ)義相反的，故也排除；正確選項(xiàng)C是和這句話語(yǔ)義一致的，也

是和全文主題一致的，故為正確答案。

30.［答案］CisnotreallyencouragedbytheUSgovernment

【解析】這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題，題干問“根據(jù)最后一段可以推斷出來可再生

能源怎么了“，回到原文最后一段第一句就表明盡管還有很長(zhǎng)一段路要走，可再

生能源發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)在增強(qiáng)。后面也提到改變的節(jié)奏在加快，對(duì)slowing氣候變化

有meaningfuleffect,所以可以看出B選項(xiàng)accelerate…是不對(duì)的，D選項(xiàng)中提到

的價(jià)格不具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力不在本段當(dāng)中，也應(yīng)排除。剩下的兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)都提到了美國(guó)，

就應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)看最后一句，最后一句提到華盛頓政府做或不做什么都maymeanless

andless…所以可以看出美國(guó)不應(yīng)該是和其他國(guó)家更近，排除A,所以選C,美國(guó)

不是真正支持可再生能源的。

Text3

Thepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomyisastonishing

-AmazonhasjustannouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychainWhole

Foodsfbr$13,5bn,buttwoyearsagoFacebookpaidevenmorethanthattoacquire

theWhatsAppmessagingservice,whichdoesn'thaveanyphysicalproductatall.

WhatWhatsAppofferedFacebookwasanintricateandfinelydetailedwebofits

users'friendshipsandsociallives.

FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwouldnotlinkphone

numberstoFacebookidentities,butitbrokethepromisealmostassoonasthedeal

wentthrough.Evenwithoutknowingwhatwasinthemessages,theknowledgeof

whosentthemandtowhomwasenormouslyrevealingandstillcouldbe.What

politicaljournalist,whatpartywhip,wouldnotwanttoknowthemakeupofthe

WhatsAppgroupsinwhichTheresaMay'senemiesarecurrentlyplotting?Itmaybe

thatthevalueofWholeFoodstoAmazonisnotsomuchthe460shopsftowns,but

therecordsofwhichcustomershavepurchasedwhat.

Competitionlawappearstobetheonlywaytoaddresstheseimbalancesofpower.

Butitisclumsy.Foronething,itisveryslowcomparedtothepaceofchangewithin

thedigitaleconomy.Bythetimeaproblemhasbeenaddressedandremedieditmay

havevanishedinthemarketplace,tobereplacedbynewabusesofpower.Butthereis

adeeperconceptualproblem,too.Competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreteddealswith

financialdisadvantagetoconsumersandthisisnotobviouswhentheusersofthese

servicesdon'tpayfbrthem.Theusersoftheirservicesarenottheircustomers.That

wouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem一andFacebookandGoogle,

thetwovirtualgiants,dominatedigitaladvertisingtothedisadvantageofallother

mediaandentertainmentcompanies.

Theproductthey'resellingisdata,andwe,theusers,convertourlivestodatafbr

thebenefitofthedigitalgiants.Justassomeantsfarmthebugscalledaphidsforthe

honeydewtheyproducewhe

31.［題干］AccordingtoParagraph!,FacebookacquiredWhatsAppforits。

【選項(xiàng)】

A.digialproducts

B.userinformation

C.physicalassets

D.qualityservice

32.【題干】LinkingphonenumberstoFacebookidentitiesmay_

【選項(xiàng)】

A.worsenpoliticaldisputes

B.messupcustomerrecords

C.posearisktoFacebookusers

D.misleadtheEuropeancommission

33.【題干】Accordingtotheauthor,competitionlaw

【選項(xiàng)】

A.shouldservethenewmarketpowers

B.mayworsentheeconomicimbalancens

C.shouldnotprovidejustonelegalsolution

D.cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket

34.【題干】CompetitionlawaspresentlyinterpretedcanhardlyprotectFacebooknsers

Because__

【選項(xiàng)「

A.theyarenodefinedascustomers

B.theyarenotfinanciallyreliable

C.theservicesaregenerallydigital

D.theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers

35.【題干】Theantsanalogyisusedtollustrate

【選項(xiàng)】’一

A.awin-winbusinessmodelbetweendigitalgiants

B.atypicalcompetitionpatternamongdigitalgiants

C.thebenefitsprovidedfordigitalgiants'customers

D.therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers

31.【答案】[B]userinformation

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干信息定位到第一段第二句。該句提到兩年前Facebook

花了更多的錢獲得了WhatsApp的信息服務(wù)。接著提到WhatsApp提供給Facebook

的是關(guān)于其用戶的朋友圈以及社會(huì)生活等具體精煉的信息。由此可知，B項(xiàng)為正

確答案。

32.[答案][C]posearisktoFacebookusers

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞linkingthephonenumber定位第二段第一?句。

該句提到Facebook向歐洲委員會(huì)承諾不會(huì)把用戶的電話號(hào)與Facebook的身份認(rèn)

證連系到一起，但是協(xié)議通過之后Facebook立馬失信。接下來提至『甚至都不清

楚信息里面都有什么，也不知誰(shuí)發(fā)的消息、，發(fā)送的目的又是什么因此，可能

會(huì)給用戶造成風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此C項(xiàng)符合文意。

33.【答案】[D]cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞competitionlaw定位到第三段第一句。該句指

出“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法似乎成為解決這些不平等權(quán)力的唯一辦法，但是此法案太過笨拙"。下

一句提到“一方面，相比于數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)變化的速度，此法案發(fā)展是非常緩慢的“。由

此可知，該法案跟不上當(dāng)前市場(chǎng)變化的步伐。因此D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

34.【答案】ED]theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers.

【解析】根據(jù)題目中的because可確定為因果細(xì)節(jié)題。題干中的信息出現(xiàn)在第三

段后半部分，是題目中的原詞competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreted,而原因在

其后面的句子。下文寫到，theusersoftheirservicesarenot,讀到這里的not,一

定要找而是誰(shuí)。繼續(xù)讀下一句，Thatwouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfrom

them...,與選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)，可得出[D]theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers0

35.[答案][D]therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers.

【解析】根據(jù)題目中isusedtoillustrate可判斷為例證題,要找到theantsanalogy

論據(jù)所證明的論點(diǎn)；論點(diǎn)在論據(jù)之前，因此先找到論據(jù)theantsanalogy,再找到

論據(jù)前的論點(diǎn)句。所以本題定位到最后一段的第一句，Theproduct...isdata,and

we...convertourlivestodata...。止匕句中，data即digitalgiants,we即userso因

止匕答案為[D]therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers.

Text4

Tocombatthetrapofputtingapremiumonbeingbusy,CalNewport,authorof

DeepWork:RulesforFocusedSuccessinaDistractedWorld,recommendsbuildinga

habitof"deepwork”-theabilitytofucuswithoutdistraction.

Thereareanumberofapproachestomasteringtheartofdeepwork-beitlengthy

retreatsdedicatedtoaspecifictask;developingadailyritual;ortakinga'journalistic”

approachtoseizingmomentsofdeepworkwhenyoucanthroughouttheday.

Whicheverapproach,thekeyistodetermineyourlengthoffocustimeandsticktoit.

Newportalsorecommends“deepscheduling“tocombatconstantinterruptionsand

getmoredoneinlesstime."Atanygivenpoint,Ishouldhavedeepworkscheduled

fbrroughlythenextonthecalendar,IprotectthistimelikeIwouldadoctor's

appointmentorimportantmeeting,hewrites.

Anotherapproachtogettingmoredoneinlesstimeistorethinkhowyouprioritise

yourday-inparticularhowwecraftourto-doHarfbrd,authorofMessy:ThePower

ofDisordertoTransformOurLives,pointstoastudyintheearly1980sthatdivided

undergraduatesintotwogroups:somewereadvisedtosetoutmonthlygoalsand

studyactivities;othersweretoldtoplanactivitiesandgoalsinmuchmoredetail,day

byday.

Whiletheresearchersassumedthatthewell-structureddailyplanswouldbemost

effectivewhenitcometotheexecutionoftasks,theywerewrong:thedetaileddaily

plansdemotivatedstudents.Harfordarguesthatinevitabledistractionsoftenrender

thedailyto-dolistineffective,whileleavingroomforimprovisationinsuchalistcan

reapthebestresults.

Inordertomakethemostofourfocusandenergy,wealsoneedtoembrace

downtime,orasNewportsuggests,ubelazy.”

"Idlenessisnotjustavacation,anindulgenceoravice;itisasindispensabletothe

brainasvitaminDistothebody...[idleness]isparadoxically,necessarytogetting

anyworkdone,^^heargues.

SriniPillay,anassistantprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool,

believesthiscounterintuitivelinkbetweendowntimeandproductivitymaybedueto

thewayourbrainsoperate.Whenourbrainsswitchbetweenbeingfocusedand

unfocusedonatask,theytendtobemoreefficient.

“Whatpeopledon'trealiseisthatinordertocompletethesetaskstheyneedtouse

boththefocusandunfocuscircuitsintheirbrain,“saysPillay.

36.[題干]Thekeytomasteringtheartofdeepworkisto

【選項(xiàng)】

A.seizeeveryminutetowork

B.listyouimmediatetasks

C.makespecificdailyplans

D.Keeptoyourfocustime

37.【題干】Thestudyintheearly1980scitedbyHarfordshowsthat

【選項(xiàng)】

A.studentsarehardlymotivatedbymonthlygoals

B.detailedplansmaynotbeasfruitfulasexpected

C.distractionsmayactuallyincreaseefficiency

D.dailyschedulesarcindispensabletostudying

38.【題干】AccordingtoNewport,idlenessis-

【選項(xiàng)】

A.adesirablementalstateforbusypeople

B.amajorcontributortophysicalhealth

C.aneffectivewaytosavetimeandenergy

0.anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork

39.【題干】Pillaybelievesthatourbrain9sshiftbetweenbeingfocusedandinfbcused

【選項(xiàng)】

A.canbringaboutgreaterefficiency

B.canresultinpsychologicalwell-being

C.isdrivenbytaskurgency

D.isaimedatbetterbalanceinwork

40.【題干】Thistextismainlyabout

【選項(xiàng)】

A.approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstime

B.Waystorelievethetensionofbusylife

C.Thekeytoeliminatingdistractions

D.Thecauseofthelackoffbcustime

36.[答案][D]keeptoyourfocustime

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的masteringtheartofdeepwork定位到第二段首句。

該句指出“有很多種掌握深度工作的方法-不論是專注于指定工作時(shí)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的后

退，或者養(yǎng)成慣例，還是當(dāng)你一天有閑暇之余采用紀(jì)實(shí)的方式捕捉深度工作的瞬

間”。接著提到“不論是那種方式，關(guān)鍵在于確定你的專注力時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度并保持專

注”。由此可知，D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

37.[答案][B]detailedplansmaynotbeasfruitfulasexpected

【解析】例證題。根據(jù)題干時(shí)間信息1980s以及Harford定位到第四段與第五

段。第四段首句指出另一種短時(shí)間做更多事情的方法是反思怎么才能優(yōu)先處理好

你的一天-特別是制作我們待辦事項(xiàng)的方法。接著作者舉例大學(xué)生們分成小組每

天做各種詳細(xì)復(fù)雜的任務(wù)。第五段首句用while畫風(fēng)一轉(zhuǎn)，表示這種復(fù)雜的任務(wù)

讓學(xué)生們感到消極，并表示工作中難免會(huì)分散注意力，這將影響日常待辦事項(xiàng)的

效率。可知，作者用反面例子來論證觀點(diǎn)，即復(fù)雜的計(jì)劃可能沒有像期望的那樣

有效果。故選B項(xiàng)。

38.【答案】[D]anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganywork.

【解析】根據(jù)題目Newport得出本題目為細(xì)節(jié)題中的文中人物觀點(diǎn)題。根據(jù)題干

中的idleness可定位到倒數(shù)第三段，idlenessisnot,讀到這里依然需要看下文，

下面提到itisas...as...,isnecessarytogettinganyworkdone。再對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)，可直

接選出[D]anessentialfactorinaccomplishinganyworko

39.【答案】[A]canbringaboutgreaterefficiency.

[解析】根據(jù)題目中的Pillaybelieves可得出本題目為細(xì)節(jié)題中的文中人物觀點(diǎn)

題型。根據(jù)題目中的信息，可以定位到倒數(shù)第二段最后一句，明確指出theytend

tobemoreefficiento然后對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)得出[A]canbringaboutgreaterefficiencyo

40.【答案】[A]approachestogettingmoredoneinlesstime.

【解析】根據(jù)題目的mainlyabout可知為文章主旨題，首先可以通過題目的復(fù)現(xiàn)

內(nèi)容找與文章主旨有關(guān)的詞匯，題目中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)了focus內(nèi)容，可判斷與人們的

注意力有。其次，文章主旨一般在開篇第一段或第二段會(huì)出現(xiàn)，第一段引用Cal

Newport的觀點(diǎn)指出focuswithoutdistraction話題，第二段就提到了主題

approachestomasteringthdartofdeepwork,此刻主題已明確，并且第四段有明顯

的證明anotherapproach0所以本題選［A］approachestogettingmoredoneinless

timeo

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitable

subheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachofthenumberedparagraphs(41-45).There

aretwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.Markyouranswerson

theANSWERSHEET.

【選項(xiàng)】

A.Bepresent

B.Justsayit

C.Askforanopinion

D.Findthe"metoo”s

E.Name,places,things

F.skipthesmalltalk

G.Payauniquecompliment

Fivewaystomakeconversationwithanyone

Conversationsarelinks,whichmeanswhenyouhaveaconversationwithanew

personalinkgetsformedandeveryconversationyouhaveafterthatmomentwill

strengthenthelink.

Youmeetnewpeopleeveryday:thegroceryworker,thecabdriver,newpeopleat

workorthesecurityguardattheystartingaconversationwiththemwillformalink.

Herearefivesimplewaysthatyoucanmakethefitmoveandstartaconversation

withstrangers.

41［題干］.________________________________

Supposeyouareinaroomwithsomeoneyoudon'tknowandsomethingwithinyou

says“Iwanttotalkwiththisperson^-thisissomethingthatmostlyhappenswithallof

us.Youwantedtosaysomething-thefirstword-butitjustwon'tcomeout,itfeelslike

itisstucksomewhere.1knowthefeelingandhereismyadvicejustgetitout.

Justthink:whatistheworstthatcouldhappen?Theywon'ttalkwithyou?Well,they

arenottalkingwithingwithyounow!

Itrulybelievethatonceyougetthatfirstwordouteverythingwilljustflow.

Itrulybelievethatonceyougetthatfirstwordouteverythingelsewilljustkeep

itsimple"hin,',hey,,or',hellon-dothebestyoucantogatheralloftheenthusiasmand

energyyoucan,putonabigsmileandsey"hi".

42.［題干］_______________________________

Ifsaproblemallofusface;youhavelimitedtimewiththeperso