上海市奉賢區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期中考試英語試卷【含答案解析】

2023學(xué)年第二學(xué)期高一年級英語期中評估(滿分140分，時間120分鐘)Ⅰ．ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1．Atthebutcher’sB．Inarestaurant.C．Onthefarm.D．Inasupermarket.2．A．Bossandsecretary.B．Operatorandcaller.C．Librarianandstudent.D．Customerandrepairman3．A．Hemustattendaclass.B．Hemustmeethisteacher.C．Hemustfinishhishomework.D．Hemustgooutwithhisroommate.4．A．It’snotasgoodasitwas.B．It’sbetterthanitusedtobe.C．It’sbetterthanpeopleexpectD．It’sevenworsethanpeoplesay.5．A．Thewomanhasapracticalgoal.B．Thewomancansurelylivealonglife.C．Thewomanhastakentherightstepstostayhealthy.D．Thewomanshouldgiveupcheeseburgerstolivelonger.6．A．Anattractivehut.B．Asunnyday.C．raincoat.D．Alovelyhat7．A．He’snotgoingtocookhisowndinner.B．Heplanstodothesameashisbrother.C．Helovesthedinnerhisbrothercooks.D．Hewantstotakeonhisownresponsibility.8．A．ApplyingtoHarvardwillbefun.B．HeisconfidentofgettingintoHarvard.C．HehasnochoicebuttoapplytoHarvard.DThewomancangetthemanintoHarvard9．A．Thewomanisteachingthemanhowtocook.B．Thereisnothingthemancandotocookthedish.C．Thecookbookcontainsdifficultinstructionstofollow.D．Themanisgoodatfollowingwhatissaidinthecookbook.10．A．Thewomanistoobusytogotothedinner.B．ThewomanwilldefinitelygotothedinnerC．Thewomanwillprobablydeclinetheinvitation.D．Thewomanisaskingaboutthetimeforthedinner.SectionBDirections:InSectionB.youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthem.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11．A．BostonCookingSchoolB．TollHouseInn.C．Achocolatecompany.D．Nestle’sbranch12．A．Mixsmashedchocolatewithotheringredientsandbakedit.B．Coverthesurfaceofthecookieswithmeltedchocolate.C．Spreadbutteronsemi-sweetchocolatedesserts.D．Shapemeltedchocolateintothickpieces.13．A．Shekeptitasasecret.B．ShesoldittoNestle.C．SheappliedforapatentD．Sheshareditpublicly.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14．A．Theysupportvariouslivingcreatures.B．Theyreducegreenhousegasemissions.C．Theybringabouthugeeconomicbenefits.D．Theyprotectthecoastagainstmeltingice.15．A．AustraliaB．Canada.C．America.D．China.16．A．TourismwillfacestrongdeclineB．BeachlossesarecausingclimatechangeC．Halfoftheworld’ssandybeachescoulddisappear.D．BeachesplayanimportantpartintheecosystemQuestions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17．A．London.B．Barcelona.C．Madrid.D．Iceland18．A．Shewasscheduledtomeetmorecustomersinothercities.B．Hershipwasdelayedbythewindblowingsouthwards.C．Cloudsofvolcanoashthreatenedpassengers’health.D．Volcaniceruptioncausedherflighttobecancelled.19．A．Shetriedvariousmeansoftransportexceptthecoach.B．Shehadatoughjourneybackhomewithmanytransfers.C．SheenjoyedthelovelysceneryinvariouscitiesinSpain.D．ShemanagedtobookaticketwiththeBritishairlineatlast.20．A．Hepaidlittleattentiontothenewsmedia.B．Hedidn’tcareaboutmeaninglesspastimes.C．Hewasoutofemploymentfortoolong.D．Hewastoobusytomakepreparationsforit.Ⅱ．GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.TheHistoryofSnacksHamburgers,sandwichesandpizzaaresomeoftheworlds’favouritesnacks,buthaveyoueverwondered___1___firstatethem?Readontofindoutmore.ThehamburgerThehamburgerstartedlifeassmallpiecesofrawbeef___2___(eat)bytheTartars,atribewhoinvadedEuropeintheMiddleAges.___3___theyateit,theyusedtoputthemeatontheirhorseunderthesaddle(馬鞍)theyweresittingoninordertomakeitsoft.WhentheTartarsarrivedinHamburg,thepeoplemixedthebeefwithlocalspices,frieditandcalledittheHamburgSteak.GermanswhocametotheUSAtookthisrecipewiththemanditbecameknown___4___ahamburgerthere.ThesandwichPeoplesaythatitwasJohnMontague,theFourthEarlofSandwich,___5___inventedthesandwich.Montagueenjoyedplayingcardsinhisfavouriterestaurant,theBeefSteakClubinLondon.Hecould___6___(find)theremostdaysandsomeofhisgameslastedforhours.Oneday,insteadofstopping___7___(eat)lunch,Montagueaskedaservanttobringhimsomemeatbetweentwoslicesofbreadtopreventthecardsfromgettingdirty.Whentheotherplayerssawthis,theybegantoorder’thesameasSandwich’,andsothesandwichgotitsname.PizzaMargheritaIn1889,QueenMargheritaofItalyinvitedchefRafaelleEspositofromhispizzariatovisittheroyalpalaceand___8___(bake)aselectionofpizzasforher.___9___(want)toimpressthequeen,Rafaellemadeaveryspecialpizza.Itwaslargeandtoppedwithtomatoes,mozzarellacheeseandfreshherbstorepresenttheItalianflag,____10____isred,whiteandgreen.TheQueenwasdelightedwiththisdesignandthepizzabecameoneofherfavouritefoods.Whenpeopleheardaboutthis,theyallwantedtotryitandsothepizzaMargheritawasborn.【答案】1.who2.eaten3.Whenever4.as5.that/who6.befound7.toeat8.bake9.Wanting10.which【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，主要介紹了漢堡、三明治和披薩三種小吃的由來。【1題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：漢堡、三明治和披薩是世界上最受歡迎的小吃，但你有沒有想過是誰首先吃了它們？引導(dǎo)賓語從句，根據(jù)句意可知表示“誰”，在從句中作主語，所以用who引導(dǎo)，故填who?！?題詳解】考查過去分詞。句意：漢堡最初是中世紀(jì)入侵歐洲的韃靼人吃的小塊生牛肉。分析句子可知，eat作定語修飾beef，eat和它所修飾的詞smallpiecesofrawbeef之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作后置定語，故填eaten?！?題詳解】考查讓步狀語從句。句意：每當(dāng)他們吃的時候，他們總是把肉放在馬的馬鞍下，讓它變軟。根據(jù)句意可知此處引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句表示“無論何時”，所以用whenever引導(dǎo)，句首單詞首字母大寫，故填Whenever?！?題詳解】考查介詞。句意：來到美國的德國人把這個食譜帶到了美國，并在那里被稱為漢堡。此處為動詞短語beknownas“被稱之為”，as為介詞，故填as?！?題詳解】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意：人們說三明治是三明治四世伯爵約翰·蒙塔古發(fā)明的。本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型為“itwas+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他”，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為人時，that也可以用who代替，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)了主語JohnMontaque，為人，故填that/who?！?題詳解】考查動詞語態(tài)。句意：大部分時間都能在那里找到他，他的一些比賽持續(xù)幾個小時。主語he和find之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用被動語態(tài)，前面有情態(tài)動詞，be動詞為原形，故填befound?！?題詳解】考查動詞不定式。句意：一天，蒙塔古沒有停下來吃午飯，而是讓仆人在兩片面包中間夾些肉，以防牌弄臟。此處表示“停下來去做”，所以用動詞短語“stoptodo”，動詞不定式作目的狀語，故填toeat?！?題詳解】考查動詞不定式。句意：1889年，意大利瑪格麗塔王后邀請披薩店的廚師拉裴爾·埃斯波西托訪問皇宮，并為她烤了一些披薩。和前面的tovisit并列作賓補(bǔ)，承前省略了不定式符號to，故填bake?！?題詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：想要給女王留下好印象，拉斐爾做了一個非常特別的披薩。want和主語之間是主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，故填Wanting。【10題詳解】考查非限制性定語從句。句意：它很大，上面有西紅杮、馬蘇里拉奶酪和新鮮的香草，代表著紅、白、綠三色的意人利國旗。先行詞為theItalianflag，指物，關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語從句中作主語，所以用which引導(dǎo)，故填which。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.incrediblyB.contractC.approachedD.basisE.essentialF.blanketsG.professionallyH.grantedI.strikesJ.mutualK.breakthroughsTheFatherofCoolItisevening,nearfreezing.Thecityispracticallyempty.Fog____11____thePittsburghRailroadStation.Ayoungengineerwalkstheplatform,hisbrainoccupiedwithaproblemthathasobsessedhimformonths.Andthenit____12____him—theArchimedeanlightningbolt(閃電)ofinspiration.Theanswerisliterallyallaroundhim:It’sthefogitself!Theyoungman’snameisWillisHavilandCarrier.Onthatfoggynightin1902,hehituponthetheorythatbecamethe____13____formodernair-conditioningtechnology.CarriergraduatedfromuniversityasamechanicalengineerinJune1901.Amonthlater,hebeganworkingfortheBuffaloForgeCompany,afirmthatproducedheatingandexhaustsystems____14____.Thesummerof1901was____15____hot.Aprintingcompanybecamefrustratedwithvaryinghumidity(濕度)levelswhentryingtoprintincolor.Thesamepaperhadtobeprintedfourtimesinfourcolors,andifthehumiditychangedbetweenprintruns,thepaperwouldslightlyexpandor____16____.Evenamillimeter’smisalignment(錯位)lookedawful.Earlythefollowingyear,theprintingcompany____17____BuffaloForge,askingittodeviseasystemtocontrolhumidityintheairaswellasthetemperature.Thefirmturnedtothe25-year-oldCarrier.Bytheearly1850s,two____18____incoolinghadbeenachieved:aFrenchengineerdesignedthefirstabsorptionrefrigerator;andanAmericanphysicianwas____19____apatentforamachinetomakeice.Fromthenon,thechallengewouldlieincontrollinghumidityinsteadofloweringtemperature.Carrier’spartialsolutioninvolvedcirculatingcoldwaterandthenbalancingtheirtemperaturewiththerateofairflow.ItwasatthePittsburghRailroadStationthatthesolutioncametohim.Fewotherinventorshavehadsuchanimpactonmodernlifeandyetremainedsolittle-known.Airconditioning,inasense,hasbecome_____20_____.Andformostofus,thesimpleabilitytocoolourhomesamidthesummer’sheatismorethanenoughreasontobegratefulforCarrier’sfogboundmomentofgenius.【答案】11.F12.I13.D14.G15.A16.B17.C18.K19.H20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要描寫WillisHavilandCarrier在一個霧蒙蒙的夜晚偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的理論成為現(xiàn)代空調(diào)技術(shù)的理論基礎(chǔ)?！?1題詳解】考查動詞。句意：霧籠罩著匹茲堡火車站。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填謂語動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式，blanket作動詞，意為“籠罩”符合句意。故選F?！?2題詳解】考查動詞。句意：然后他突然想到了，阿基米德的靈感閃電。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填謂語動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式，itstrikessb.意為“某人突然想起”符合句意。故選I?！?3題詳解】考查名詞。句意：在1902年那個霧蒙蒙的夜晚，他偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個理論，后來成為現(xiàn)代空調(diào)技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)。根據(jù)上文“thatbecamethe”以及后文“formodernair-conditioningtechnology”可知，此處應(yīng)填名詞作賓語，basis“基礎(chǔ)”為名詞，符合句意。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查副詞。句意：一個月后，他開始為BuffaloForge公司工作，這是一家專業(yè)生產(chǎn)供暖和排氣系統(tǒng)的公司。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)為句子的修飾成分，副詞professionally，意為“專業(yè)地”，修飾動詞produced，作狀語，符合句意。故選G。【15題詳解】考查副詞。句意：1901年的夏天異常炎熱。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)為句子的修飾成分，副詞incredibly，意為“極其”，修飾形容詞hot，作狀語，符合句意。故選A。【16題詳解】考查動詞。句意：同一張紙必須用四種顏色打印四次，如果兩次打印之間濕度發(fā)生變化，紙張會略微膨脹或收縮。根據(jù)上文“wouldslightlyexpandor”可知，空格處應(yīng)填動詞和expand并列，contract“收縮”為動詞，符合句意。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查動詞。句意：第二年年初，這家印刷公司與BuffaloForge公司接洽，要求其設(shè)計一套系統(tǒng)來控制空氣中的濕度和溫度。根據(jù)上文“Earlythefollowingyear”可知，句子使用一般過去時，空格處應(yīng)填謂語動詞過去式，approached“接洽”，符合句意。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查名詞。句意：到19世紀(jì)50年代初，制冷方面取得了兩項突破：一位法國工程師設(shè)計了第一臺吸收式冰箱；一位美國醫(yī)生獲得了制冰機(jī)的專利。根據(jù)上文“two”以及后文“incoolinghadbeenachieved”可知，空格處應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，breakthrough“突破”為名詞，符合句意。故選K?！?9題詳解】考查語態(tài)。句意同上。根據(jù)上文“anAmericanphysicianwas”以及后文“apatentforamachinetomakeice”可知，空格處應(yīng)填動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)，grant“授予”為動詞，符合句意。故選H?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：從某種意義上說，空調(diào)已經(jīng)變得必不可少。分析句子可知，空格處為表語，可填形容詞，essential“必不可少的”為形容詞，符合句意。故選E。Ⅲ．ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Anewphoneappusesvibrationsfromsmartphonestowarnpeopleaboutearthquakes.Thephoneapp___21___suddenshakingoftheearth’ssurfacethroughsensorsinsmartphones.ItiscalledMyShake.ItistheworkoffourresearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.Theysaidtheycreatedaworldwidewarningsystemthatwould___22___peopleandgivethemtimetoprepare.TheMyShakeappis___23___onlyforAndroidphones.Smartphonesare___24___accelerometers(加速度感應(yīng)器).Theseinstrumentsmeasuremovement,likethatofacarorairplane.MyShakeusesphoneaccelerometerstomeasureseismic(地震的)activity.Ithasbeen___25___toknowthedifferencebetweennormalactivityandearthquakemovement.Thesoftwaredeveloperssaytheirappisright93percentofthetime.Asmartphonesendsseismicinformationtotheappdevelopers.Ifthedevelopersreceiveseveralnotifications___26___,itrecognizesthatanearthquakemightbetakingplaceorwilltakeplacesoon.Usinginformationsentfromtheapp,thenetworkthen___27___thelocationandstrengthofthequakeinrealtime.MyShakecanrecordmagnitude5.0earthquakesatdistancesof10kilometersorless.MyShakeusesvery___28___power,accordingtoitsdevelopers.Onlywhenseismicactivityis___29___bytheappdoesitbecomeactiveandsendsdatatothenetwork.Theappworksbestwhenyourphoneisrestingona____30____surface,likeatable.ThedevelopershopethatMyShakecanaddtoinformationcollectedbytheU.S.GeologicalSurvey.ThatU.S.agencyhascreatedtheEarthquakeEarlyWarningSystem,also____31____EEW.TheEEWhasdeployed(部署)sensorsformeasuringquakesinmanyareas.Inplaceswherenosuchequipment____32____,MyShakemaybetheonlymethodofearlyquake____33____.Theappalsoshowswaystostaysaferduringanearthquake.Thedeveloperssayitwillbecomemoreeffectiveasmorepeopleuseit.“Ourgoalistobuildaworldwideseismicnetworkandusethedatato____34____theeffectsofearthquakesonusasindividualsandonsocietyasawhole,”saytheresearchers.Thedeveloperssaytheyhopetoaddafeaturethatwould____35____peopleaboutapossibletsunami:ahugewaveafteranearthquake.21.A.reports B.recognizes C.reveals D.reviews22.A.infer B.include C.influence D.inform23.A.acquired B.available C.affordable D.approachable24.A.equippedwith B.madeupof C.filledwith D.inneedof25.A.programmed B.protected C.prohibited D.promised26.A.fromdifferentplaces B.fromonearea C.fromthesamephone D.fromanotherdeveloper27.A.controls B.connects C.estimates D.receives28.A.much B.little C.excessive D.green29.A.activated B.sensed C.resisted D.issued30.A.low B.wooden C.high D.flat31.A.honoredwith B.calledfor C.knownas D.definedas32.A.exists B.forms C.counts D.exploits33.A.protection B.diagnosis C.detection D.resistance34.A.raise B.receive C.record D.reduce35.A.confirm B.appoint C.alert D.acknowledge【答案】21.B22.D23.B24.A25.A26.B27.C28.B29.B30.D31.C32.A33.C34.D35.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一款名為MyShake的手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序，可以通過智能手機(jī)中的傳感器識別地球表面的突然震動來偵測地震，從而及時通知人們，并給他們準(zhǔn)備時間。文章介紹了這款應(yīng)用的工作原理和一些特性?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這款手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序通過智能手機(jī)中的傳感器識別地球表面的突然震動。A.reports報告；B.recognizes識別，認(rèn)出；C.reveals揭示；D.reviews回顧。結(jié)合上文Anewphoneappusesvibrationsfromsmartphonestowarnpeopleaboutearthquakes.可知一款新的手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序使用智能手機(jī)的震動來提醒人們地震，故此處指這款手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序通過智能手機(jī)中的傳感器識別地球表面的突然震動。故選B。22題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們說，他們創(chuàng)建了一個全球預(yù)警系統(tǒng)，可以通知人們，并給他們準(zhǔn)備時間。A.infer推斷；B.include包含；C.influence影響；D.inform通知。根據(jù)上文worldwidewarningsystemthat可知全球預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的作用是在地震發(fā)生時通知（inform）人們，并給他們準(zhǔn)備時間。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：MyShake應(yīng)用程序只適用于Android手機(jī)。A.acquired取得；B.available可獲得的；C.affordable負(fù)擔(dān)得起的；D.approachable可接近的。結(jié)合后文onlyforAndroidphones.可知此處字這款應(yīng)用只適用于Android手機(jī)。短語beavailablefor“對……可用”。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：智能手機(jī)配備有加速度感應(yīng)器。A.equippedwith配備；B.madeupof由……組成；C.filledwith充滿；D.inneedof需要。結(jié)合后文accelerometers可知此處指智能手機(jī)配備有加速度感應(yīng)器。短語beequippedwith“配備有……”。故選A。【25題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：它已編好程序，可以知道正?；顒雍偷卣疬\動之間的區(qū)別。A.programmed編程，規(guī)劃；B.protected保護(hù)；C.prohibited禁止；D.promised承諾。結(jié)合后文toknowthedifferencebetweennormalactivityandearthquakemovement.可知MyShake這款軟件被編程好，可以知道正?；顒雍偷卣疬\動之間的區(qū)別。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查短語辨析。句意：如果開發(fā)人員從一個地區(qū)收到多個通知，它就會意識到地震可能正在發(fā)生，也可能很快就會發(fā)生。A.fromdifferentplaces從不同的地方；B.fromonearea從一個地區(qū)；C.fromthesamephone從同一個手機(jī)；D.fromanotherdeveloper從另一個開發(fā)人員。要識別地震應(yīng)當(dāng)是收集同一個地區(qū)的多個通知，軟件就會意識到地震可能正在發(fā)生，也可能很快就會發(fā)生。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：利用該應(yīng)用程序發(fā)送的信息，該網(wǎng)絡(luò)然后實時估計地震的位置和強(qiáng)度。A.controls控制；B.connects連接；C.estimates估計；D.receives接收。結(jié)合后文thelocationandstrengthofthequake可知利用該應(yīng)用程序發(fā)送的信息，該網(wǎng)絡(luò)然后實時估計（estimates）地震的位置和強(qiáng)度。其它選項不符合語境。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：據(jù)開發(fā)人員介紹，MyShake的耗電量非常小。A.much許多；B.little小的；C.excessive過多的；D.green綠色的。結(jié)合后文appdoesitbecomeactiveandsendsdatatothenetwork.可知只有當(dāng)?shù)卣鸹顒颖惶綔y到時，應(yīng)用程序才會激活，并向網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)。所以MyShake的耗電量很小。故選B。【29題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：只有當(dāng)?shù)卣鸹顒颖桓袘?yīng)到時，應(yīng)用程序才會激活并向網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)。A.activated激活；B.sensed感應(yīng)，感覺；C.resisted反抗；D.issued發(fā)布。結(jié)合上文，可知這款A(yù)PP的功能就是用來感應(yīng)地震活動的。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)你的手機(jī)放在像桌子這樣的平面上時，這款應(yīng)用的效果最好。A.low低的；B.wooden木制的；C.high高的；D.flat平的。根據(jù)后文likeatable.可知手機(jī)要放在像桌子這樣的平面上，應(yīng)用的效果最好。故選D?！?1題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：這個美國機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)建立了地震預(yù)警系統(tǒng)，也被稱為EEW。A.honoredwith榮譽(yù)；B.calledfor要求；C.knownas被稱為；D.definedas定義為。結(jié)合后文EEW可知EEW是EarthquakeEarlyWarning的首字母縮寫，因此此處指地震預(yù)警系統(tǒng)，也被稱為EEW。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在不存在這種設(shè)備的地方，MyShake可能是早期偵測地震的唯一方法。A.exists存在；B.forms形成；C.counts計算；D.exploits開發(fā)。根據(jù)后文MyShakemaybetheonlymethodof可知一些地方不存在在地震預(yù)警系統(tǒng)，那么MyShake可能是早期地震探測的唯一方法。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在不存在這種設(shè)備的地方，MyShake可能是早期偵測地震的唯一方法。A.protection保護(hù)；B.diagnosis診斷；C.detection偵測；D.resistance抵抗。根據(jù)第三段中MyShakeusesphoneaccelerometerstomeasureseismicactivity.可知MyShake的作用是偵測地震。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這組科學(xué)家說:“我們的目標(biāo)是建立一個全球地震網(wǎng)絡(luò)，利用這些數(shù)據(jù)減少地震對我們個人和整個社會的影響。”A.raise上升；B.receive收到；C.record記錄；D.reduce減少。地震是一種自然災(zāi)害，因此是要減少對個人和整個社會的影響。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：開發(fā)人員說，他們希望增加一項功能，提醒人們可能發(fā)生的海嘯：地震后的巨浪。A.confirm確認(rèn)；B.appoint任命；C.alert使警惕；D.acknowledge承認(rèn)。結(jié)合后文peopleaboutapossibletsunami:ahugewaveafteranearthquake.可知開發(fā)人員希望給這款應(yīng)用再增加一項提醒人們可能發(fā)生海嘯的功能。故選C。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.(A)KatherineJonson,winnerofthepresidentialmedialoffreedom,refusedtobelimitedbysociety5expectationsofhergenderandracewhileexpandingthebordersofhumanity’sreach--PresidentBarackObama,2015Usinglittlemorethanapencil,aslideruleandoneofthefinestmathematicalmindsinthecountry,Mrs.Johnson,whodiedat101,calculatedtheprecisepaththatwouldletApollo11landonthemoonin1969and,afterNeilArmstrong'shistory-makingmoonwalk,letitreturntoEarthWetthroughoutMrs.Johnson's33yearsinNASAN&FlightResearchDivisionandfordecadesafterward,almostnooneknewhername.Shewasjustoneofthoseunheraldedwomenwho,wellbeforethemodernfeminist(女權(quán))movement,workedasNASAmathematicians.ButitwasnotonlyhergenderthatkeptherlongmarginalizedandlongunsungKatherineJohnson,aWestVirginianative,wasalsoAfrican-American.Butovertime,theworkofMrs.Johnsonandhercolleagues--countlesscalculationsdonemainlybyhand,usingsliderules,chartpaperandinefficientdesktopcalculatingmachines--wonthemalevelofacceptancethatforthemostcompetitiverace.“NASAwasaveryprofessionalorganization,”Mrs.JohnsontoldTheObserverofFayetteville,N.C.,in2010.“Theydidn'thavetimetobeconcernedaboutwhatcolorIwas.”Nor,shesaid,didshe.”Idon'thaveafeelingofinferiority,”Mrs.Johnsonsaidonatleastoneoccasion.”Neverhad.Imasgoodasanybody,butnobetter.”Totheendofherlife,Mrs.Johnsonrefusedpraiseforherroleinsendingastronautsintospace,keepingthemoncourseandbringingthemsafelyhome.”Iwasjustdoingmyjob,”Mrs.Johnsonrepeatedlysaidso.Butwhatajobitwas--done,noless,byawomanbornatatimewhentheoddsweremorelikelythatshewoulddiebeforeage35thanevenfinishhighschool.36.Theunderlinedword“unheralded”mostprobablymeans______.A.notadequatelypaidB.notpreviouslymentionedC.notofficiallyrewarded.D.notfastpromoted37.Itwas___________puttogetherthatmadeMrs.Johnsonamiracle.A.herskincolor,hergenderandthefacilitiesB.hergender,herintelligenceandthefacilitiesC.herskincolor,hergenderandherintelligenceD.herintelligence,herskincolorandthefacilities38.FromMrs.Johnson'scommentsonNASAandherownjob,wecanconcludethat____________.A.shewasconfidentandmodestB.NASAshowsnointerestinstaff'sracesC.ShewassuperiortomostwomeninherageD.NASAisprofessionallyorganizedandsupportive39.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.WomanMadeCalculationsB.NASAMarginalizedMathematiciansC.GenderDividedOrganizationsD.MathematicianBrokeBarriers【答案】36.B37.C38.A39.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇人物傳記。文章介紹了在航天事業(yè)上做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)的美國最杰出的數(shù)學(xué)天才之一——凱瑟琳·約翰遜?！?6題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)此詞前一句fordecadesafterward,almostnooneknewhername.“幾十年后，幾乎沒有人知道她的名字?！庇纱送浦?，下文中劃線詞的意思是“以前未提到的”。故選B?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中Usinglittlemorethanapencil,aslideruleandoneofthefinestmathematicalmindsinthecountry,Mrs.Johnson,whodiedat101,calculatedtheprecisepaththatwouldletApollo11landonthemoonin1969“她只用了一支鉛筆和一把計算尺，而她是美國最杰出的數(shù)學(xué)天才之一。約翰遜在101歲時去世，她計算出了阿波羅11號在1969年登陸月球的精確路徑，”和ButitwasnotonlyhergenderthatkeptherlongmarginalizedandlongunsungKatherineJohnson,aWestVirginianative,wasalsoAfrican-American.“然而，讓長期被邊緣化、默默無聞的凱瑟琳·約翰遜(KatherineJohnson)成為非裔美國人的不只是她的性別?！焙偷谌巍癟heydidn'thavetimetobeconcernedaboutwhatcolorIwas.”“他們沒有時間去關(guān)心我是什么膚色。他們沒有時間去關(guān)心我是什么膚色?！庇纱丝芍?，她的膚色，她的性別和她的智慧使約翰遜夫人成為一個奇跡。故選C。【38題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“NASAwasaveryprofessionalorganization,”Mrs.JohnsontoldTheObserverofFayetteville,N.C.,in2010.“Theydidn'thavetimetobeconcernedaboutwhatcolorIwas.”“Idon'thaveafeelingofinferiority,”Mrs.Johnsonsaidonatleastoneoccasion.”Neverhad.Imasgoodasanybody,butnobetter.”NASA是一個非常專業(yè)的組織。約翰遜告訴北卡羅來納州費耶特維爾的《觀察家報》在2010年?！八麄儧]有時間去關(guān)心我是什么膚色?！拔覜]有自卑感?！奔s翰遜至少有一次這樣說過?！皬膩頉]有。我和別人一樣好，但也好不到哪去?！庇纱丝芍?，從約翰遜夫人對NASA和她自己工作的評論中，可知她是自信而謙虛的。故選A?！?9題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中Usinglittlemorethanapencil,aslideruleandoneofthefinestmathematicalmindsinthecountry,Mrs.Johnson,whodiedat101,calculatedtheprecisepaththatwouldletApollo11landonthemoonin1969“她只用了一支鉛筆和一把計算尺，而她是美國最杰出的數(shù)學(xué)天才之一。約翰遜享年101歲，他計算出了阿波羅11號在1969年登陸月球的精確路徑”。由此可知作者女?dāng)?shù)學(xué)家在航空事業(yè)上打破了壁壘，做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)，所以D項為最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。(B)Nottoohot,nottoocold.SpringistheperfecttimetovisitEuropeforidealweather.ThebestEuropeancountriestovisitinthespringinclude:France,Netherlands,Slovakia,Romania,CzechRepublicandsoon.FranceOneofthemosttourist-packedcountriesinEurope,Franceofferslessercrowdsandmoreexcellentweatherduringthespringmonths.JustoutsideofParisaretheimpressivecastlesandcountryhousesofSceaux,wherethecherryblossomcaneasilybeseeninspring.NetherlandsTheNetherlandsiswell-knownforitsvastfieldsofflowers,makingspringaperfecttimeforaDutchholiday.ThetulipfieldsintheNoordoostpolderareamust,aswellasflowerfieldsinFlevolandandKopvanNoord-Holland.InVeluweNationalPark,touristswillberewardedwiththesightofreddeereatinggrass.AtriptotheNetherlandswould,ofcourse,beincompletewithoutavisittoAmsterdam.ThelessercrowdsandlovelyweatherofspringmakeittheperfecttimetoexploreAmsterdam’scanals.SlovakiaSlovakiaisawonderfullydiversecountrywithrichculturalhistoryandawe-inspiringnaturalsites.SlovakParadiseisanaturalparkthatoffers19naturereservesandover350caves.DuetoitshotsummersandcoldwintersspringisaperfecttimetoexploreallthatSlovakiahastooffer.RomaniaRomaniahostsavarietyofgreatculturalsitesandlivelycities,especiallyattractiveduringspringmonths.TheStatueofKingDecebalus,a141-foot-highupperpartofDecebaluscarvedintothesideofarock,isawonderfulattraction.

Bra?ovOldTown

isoneofEurope’smostcharmingdestinationsforthoselookingtoescapethecapitalcityofBucharest.CzechRepublicDuetoitsimpossiblypreservedGothicarchitecture,PragueiswidelyregardedasthemostimpressivecityinEurope.Assuch,summertimewillbecharacterizedwithcrowdsthatcanruintheromancewithwhichyoushouldexperiencePrague.MayintheCzechRepublicoffersperfectnot-too-hot,not-too-coldweather.ThismakesforidealconditionstocrossCharlesBridgeandtourPragueCastle.40.Ifonewantstoappreciateflowers,hewillmostprobablygoto______.A.France B.Netherlands C.Romania D.CzechRepublic41.Accordingtothepassage,thebestdestinationsfortouristsinterestedinarchitectureare______.A.FranceandRomania B.RomaniaandSlovakiaC.SlovakiaandCzechRepublic D.FranceandCzechRepublic42.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthecountriesmentionedinthepassage?A.Theyarepackedwithmorecrowdsinspringthaninotherseasons.B.TouristscantravelinshipswhenvisitingRomaniaandNetherlands.C.Travellerscancatchsightofandfeedwildanimalsinthesecountries.D.Slovakiaisanamazingplacewheretouristscanenjoynaturalbeauty.【答案】40.B41.D42.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了五個適合春天去的旅游目的地?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“TheNetherlandsiswell-knownforitsvastfieldsofflowers,makingspringaperfecttimeforaDutchholiday.ThetulipfieldsintheNoordoostpolderareamust,aswellasflowerfieldsinFlevolandandKopvanNoord-Holland.(荷蘭以其廣闊的花田而聞名，春天是荷蘭人度假的最佳時機(jī)。Noordoostpolder的郁金香田是必去之地，F(xiàn)levoland和KopvanNoord-Holland的花田也是必去之地)”可知，如果一個人想要賞花，他很可能會去荷蘭。故選B?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“JustoutsideofParisaretheimpressivecastlesandcountryhousesofSceaux,wherethecherryblossomcaneasilybeseeninspring.(巴黎郊外有令人印象深刻的城堡和鄉(xiāng)村別墅，春天櫻花盛開)”以及最后一段“DuetoitsimpossiblypreservedGothicarchitecture,PragueiswidelyregardedasthemostimpressivecityinEurope.(由于其哥特式建筑保存完好，布拉格被廣泛認(rèn)為是歐洲最令人印象深刻的城市)”可知，對建筑感興趣的游客的最佳目的地是法國和捷克共和國。故選D。【42題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Slovakiaisawonderfullydiversecountrywithrichculturalhistoryandawe-inspiringnaturalsites.SlovakParadiseisanaturalparkthatoffers19naturereservesandover350caves.Duetoitshotsummersandcoldwinters,springisaperfecttimetoexploreallthatSlovakiahastooffer.(斯洛伐克是一個非常多元化的國家，有著豐富的文化歷史和令人驚嘆的自然景觀。斯洛伐克天堂是一個自然公園，有19個自然保護(hù)區(qū)和350多個洞穴。由于其炎熱的夏天和寒冷的冬天，春天是一個完美的時間來探索斯洛伐克所提供的一切)”可知，斯洛伐克是一個令人驚嘆的地方，游客可以在那里享受自然美景。故選D。(C)Otters,arecute,thisnoonecandeny.Theyhavebigeyes,shortandflatnosesandclaws(爪子)liketinyhands.Theylookevencuterwhentheywearhatsandthrowfoodballsintotheirmouthsasiftheywerebarsnacks,likeTakechiyo,apetotterinJapan.DocumentingTakechiyo’sfunnybehaviorhasearnedhisownernearly230,000followersonInstagram,aphoto-sharingapp.Takechiyo’sfamereflectsacrazeacrosseastandSouth-EastAsiaforkeepingthecutecreaturesaspets.EnthusiastsinJapanvisitcaféswheretheypaytohugthem;Indonesianownersparadetheirpetsaroundonleadsorgoswimmingwiththem,thensharetheirpicturesonline.Buttheseenjoyablephotosmaskatradethatisdoingalotofdamage.Evenbeforetheybecamefashionablecompanionsforhumans,Asia’swildottersfacedplentyofthreats.Their