國家開放大學(xué)本科《人文英語3》一平臺機考第四大題閱讀判斷總題庫珍藏版

PAGEPAGE1國家開放大學(xué)本科《人文英語3》一平臺機考題庫第四大題閱讀理解判斷題題庫說明：資料整理于2024年8月7日，適用于國家開放大學(xué)本科學(xué)員一平臺期末機考考試。本大題共包含5小題，每小題4分，共計20分。閱讀短文，判斷句子正誤，正確選“T”,錯誤選“F”。★Aclasswithhundredsoreventhousandsofstudentsmightsoundlikeateacher’sworstnightmare.ButabigideainhighereducationthesedaysisMassiveOpenOnlineCourses,orMOOCs.Someuniversitiesofferfree,non-creditMOOCsavailabletoanyoneintheworld.Otherschargeforcoursesandprovidecredits.Theideaisstilldeveloping.TheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologystarteditsfirstMOOCin2012.Theschoolplanstooffermanyfree,non-creditcoursesthroughaprojectcalledMITx.ManyChineseuniversitiesarebeginningtoofferfreeMOOCsnowtoo.Nowadays,MOOCsalmostcovereverytopic,likecomputerscience,technology,mechanics,engineering,languages,etc.Generallyspeaking,therearenoformaleducationrequirementsforthesefreeonlinecourses.Studentswatchshortvideos.Then,theytakeinformal,ungradedquizzesafterthevideoseachweekforcertainweeks.Quizzesarepartofthelectureprogramtokeepstudentsengagedandkeepthemthinking,forstudentstobeabletocheckthattheyunderstoodwhatwascovered.Theycanrepeatedlywatchthevideosandtakethequizzeswhenevertheywant.Studentsreceivehomework.Theycanjoinonlinegroupstoexchangequestionsandanswersaboutthecourses.Theteachersholdvirtualofficehourstoanswerquestionsthatthestudentshaveposted.Theyalsopresenttheirownquestionsandobservations.Somesupportersclaimedthattherearethingsthatwecandobetterintheonlineformat.Wecancertainlydeliverhigh-qualityeducationtomanystudentsatmuchlowercost.特別提醒：本題共5個小題,需要拉動答題框右邊的滾動條使5個試題顯示出來做答?。判斷題]◆Someuniversitiesofferfree,non-creditMOOCsonlyavailabletothepeopleintheU.S.[答案]F[判斷題]◆Quizzesarepartofthelectureprogramtocheckhowmanycreditsstudentsmayget.[答案]T[判斷題]◆Studentsmayhavehomework.[答案]T[判斷題]◆TheMOOCsareofbothhighqualityandlowcost.[答案]T[判斷題]◆ItisprobablethatsomeChinesearetakingMOOCs.[答案]T★Apassengertoldanairhostessthatheneededacupofwatertotakehismedicinewhentheplanejusttookoff.Shetoldhimthatshewouldbringhimthewaterintenminutes.Theairhostesswaskeptsobusythatsheforgottogivehimthewater.Asaresult,thepassengerwashelduptotakehismedicine.Thirtyminuteslater,whenthepassenger’sringforservicesounded,shehurriedovertohimwithacupofwater,butherefused.Inthefollowinghoursontheplane,eachtimetheairhostesspassedbythepassenger,shewouldaskhimwithasmilewhetherheneededhelpornot.Butthepassengerneveransweredaword.Whenhewasgoingtogetofftheplane,thepassengeraskedtheairhostesstohandhimthepassengers’booklet.Shewasverysad.Sheknewthathewouldwritedownsharpwords,butwithasmileshehandedittohim.Offtheplane,sheopenedthebooklet,andsmiled,forthepassengerputit.“Ontheflight,youaskedmewhetherIneededhelpornotfortwelvetimesinall.HowcanIrefuseyourtwelvesinceresmiles?”That’sright!Whocanrefusetwelvesinceresmilesfromaperson?特別提醒：本題共5個小題,需要拉動答題框右邊的滾動條使5個試題顯示出來做答?。☆}目一[判斷題]◆Thepassengerwantsacupofwaterbecauseheisthirsty.[答案]F[判斷題]◆Theairhostessforgottogivehimthewateronpurpose.[答案]F[判斷題]◆Thepassengerrefusedthecupofwatershebroughtfinally.[答案]T[判斷題]◆Thepassengerdidn’twriteanysharpwordsinthebooklet.[答案]T[判斷題]◆Thispassagetellsusthatasinceresmilebringsnouseincertaincases.[答案]F題目二[判斷題]◆Apassengerwantsacupofwaterbecauseheisthirsty.[答案]F[判斷題]◆Theairhostessforgottogivehimthewateronpurpose.[答案]F[判斷題]◆Thepassengerrefusedthecupofwater.[答案]T[判斷題]◆Thepassengerdidn’twritedownanysharpwords.[答案]T[判斷題]◆Thispassagetellsusthatasinceresmileisofnouse.[答案]T★CaringFortheElderlyCaringfortheelderlyisnotaneasytask,andtherearenohardandfastrulesonhowitshouldbedone.Herearesometipsyoucanapplytomakelifeeasierandhappierforbothyourselfandtheelderlypersoninyourcare.EstablishaRoutineOrganizetheperformanceofdailyactivitiesinaroutinemanner,sothattheyareperformedinthesamewayandatthesametimeeveryday.Thisroutinewillestablishasenseofstructureandincreasefeelingsofcontrolandsafety.However,thisroutinecanbebrokenwithunplannedeventsoccasionally,aselderlypeoplemayfindtheroutinestructuretooboringandrestrictive.GettoKnowThemItisimportantthatyougettoknowtheelderlyinyourcare,theirdailyhabits,likesanddislikes,etc.Thebetteryouknowtheperson,thehigherqualityofcareyoucanprovide.TreatThemwithRespectIfelderlypeopledonothaveyourrespect,theywillfeelliketheyarebeingpushedaroundoraskedtodothingsthattheydon’twantto.Thiscanleadtoabadrelationship.Bytreatingelderlypersonsinyourcarewithrespect,youcandevelopastrongbondwiththem.Besides,youcantalktothemlikeadults,showyourloveandrespect,whichwillnotonlymakethemfeelgood,butmayalsogainyoutheirrespectinreturn.MentalStimulationItisbettertotrytokeepthemoccupiedwithchallenginggames,likecrosswordsorchess,whichwillkeeptheirmindssharp.Theyliketodiscussworldeventsandtheirlifehistorieswithyou.Thiswillgivetheelderlypeopleafeelingofself-worthandmakethemfeelneeded.SocialInteractionOrganizeandencouragesocialinteraction.Remainingconnectedtootherpeopleandtheworldisimportantfortheelderly.Ithelpstheelderlyfeelmoreengaged.Encouragethemtotalktootherresidentsorperticipateingemes,discussionsordaytrips.Helpthemtodevelopastrongrelationshipwithaneighbor.Itisimportantfortheelderlytotalktoothersandmakefriends.特別提醒：本題共5個小題,需要拉動答題框右邊的滾動條使5個試題顯示出來做答??！[判斷題]◆Theelderlypeoplewillalwaysobeytheroutinestructure.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]F[判斷題]◆Weneedtoknowtheelderlypeoplemoretoprovidethemwithbettercare.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]T[判斷題]◆Weneedn’trespecttheelderlypeoplewhencaringthem.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]F[判斷題]◆Discussionscan’tmaketheelderlypeoplefeelneeded.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]F[判斷題]◆Itisnecessaryfortheelderlypeopletomakefriends.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]T★Englishisspokenasanativelanguagebyaround377millionpeople,andasasecondlanguagebyaround375millionspeakersintheworld.SpeakersofEnglishasasecondlanguagewillsoonoutnumberthosewhospeakitasafirstlanguage.Around750millionpeoplearebelievedtospeakEnglishasaforeignlanguage.Englishhasanofficialoraspecialstatusin75countrieswithatotalpopulationofover2billion.ThedominationoftheEnglishlanguagegloballyisasurething.Englishisthelanguageofinternationalcommunications,business,tourism,education,science,computertechnology,mediaandtheInternet.Britishcolonialisminthe19thcenturyandAmericancapitalismandtechnologicalprogressinthe20thcenturywereundoubtedlythemaincausesforthespreadofEnglishthroughouttheworld.Fromthefifteenthcentury,theBritishbegantosailallovertheworldandbecameexplorers,colonistsandimperialists.TheytooktheEnglishlanguagetomanyplaces.Forthelasthundredyears,theUSAhasplayedaleadingroleinmostpartsoftheworld.TheHollywoodfilmindustryalsoattractedmanyforeignartistsinquest.offameandfortuneandthenumberofAmericanfilmsproducedeveryyearsoonfloodedthemarket.However,thefutureofEnglishasagloballanguagewilldependverylargelyonthepolitical,economic,demographicandculturaltrendsintheworld.特別提醒：本題共5個小題,需要拉動答題框右邊的滾動條使5個試題顯示出來做答！！[判斷題]◆Englishisspokenasasecondlanguagebyaround377millionpeopleintheworld.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]F[判斷題]◆SpeakersofEnglishasasecondlanguagearemorethanthosewhospeakitasafirstlanguage.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]F[判斷題]◆Itisnotsurprisingthat70%ofallinformationstoredintheinternetisinEnglish.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]F[判斷題]◆ThespreadofEnglishthroughouttheworldresultedfromBritishcolonialisminthe19thcenturyandAmericancapitalismandtechnologicalprogressinthe20thcentury.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]T[判斷題]◆ItisdefinitelypredictedthatEnglishwillstillactasagloballanguageinthefuture.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]F★Intoday’ssociety,workingpeoplecanseldomfindtimetorelaxintheirbusyschedules.Theyoftenworkovertimebecauseoftoomuchworkwaitinginqueue,whichendsupcausingalotofphysicalandmentalproblems.Fortunately,moreandmorepeoplearenowawarethatrelaxationandstress-reliefarenecessaryforlife.One’shealthshouldneverbesacrificedforaneedtoworkhard.Indeed,findingtimetorelaxmakespeopleworkmoreefficiently.Manypeopleplantripstospendtheirfreetimetravelingwiththeirlovedones.Thismayhavebeenaluxuryinthepast,butithasbecomemorecommoninrecentyears.Travelingathomeandabroadhasnowbecomeconvenientandaffordable.Goingjoggingandgoingtothegymafterworkhavealsobecomemorepopular,astheyareratherconvenientwaystoexerciseandstayfit.Exercisinghelpsrelaxyourbodyandhasbeenshowntorelievementalstressaswell.Thisdemandforrecreationandleisureservicehasalsostimulatedtheeconomy,asnewbusinessesarecreatedtomeettheseneeds.Insum,workinghardisimportant,buthavingagoodqualityoflifecanactuallyfacilitateyoursuccessatwork.Knowingwhenandhowtorelaxshouldheapartofwellbalancedlifestyles.Takeawalkoutdoors,visitthegym,orgojogging.Youwillfindthatyourtimewasnotwasted,evenifitwasnotspentworkinginyouroffice.特別提醒：本題共5個小題,需要拉動答題框右邊的滾動條使5個試題顯示出來做答！！[判斷題]◆Intoday’ssociety,workingpeoplecanoftenfindtimetorelaxthemselvesintheirbusyschedules.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]F[判斷題]◆Inthepastfewpeoplemightaffordtravelling.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]T[判斷題]◆Thedemandforrecreationandleisureservicehasmadetheeconomydevelop.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]T[判斷題]◆Exercisingcanonlyhelprelaxyourbodyinsteadofstayingfit.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]F[判斷題]◆Peopleshouldtakeabalancebetweenworkandrelaxation.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]T★L(fēng)IFELONGLEARNING&DISTANCEEDUCATION★Theterm“l(fā)ifelonglearning”isverypopularnowadays.Itdescribestheneedforpeopletocontinuetheireducationandtrainingthroughouttheirlives.Lifelonglearningismoreandmoreimportantforeveryonebecausepeoplearenowfacingdifferentcareerchoicesinchangingeconomies.Itisbelievedlifelonglearningisacrucialresponsetothechallengesoftheglobalknowledgeeconomy.Currently,mostuniversitieshavereactedtotheeraoflifelonglearningbyaddingnewprogramsandservicesforadultswhoseektocombineemploymentwithpart-timestudy.Specialarrangementshavebeendevelopedforthesestudentsbutthecoreactivityoftheuniversity,providingteachingtofull-timeyoungundergraduates,oftengoesonmuchasbefore.Lifelonglearningisbothformalandnon-formal;andtheboundariesbetweenface-to-faceteachinganddistanceeducationareincreasinglyblurred.Bymakinglearningpossibleanytimeandanywhere,distanceeducationisapowerfultoolforsupportinglifelonglearning.Technology-basedteachingiscreatingneweducationalsystemsthatanyonefromanywherecanaccess.Thekeychallengeforuniversitiesistoevolvefromateacher-centeredmodelofeducationtostudent-centeredmodel.Thechallengeforgovernmentsisthattheyhavetodevelopnewfundingapproachesandnewqualityassessmentprocedures.特別提醒：本題共5個小題,需要拉動答題框右邊的滾動條使5個試題顯示出來做答??！[判斷題]◆Thetermlifelonglearningdescribestheneedforpeopletocontinuetheireducationandtraininginacertainperiodoftheirlives.[答案]F[判斷題]◆Thechallengesoftheglobalknowledgeeconomybringtheneedsforlifelonglearning.[答案]T[判斷題]◆Lifelonglearningisnon-formal.[答案]F[判斷題]◆Theuniversitiesshouldmaketheclassroomstudent-centered.[答案]T[判斷題]◆Todevelopanewqualityassessmentsystemisachallengeforthegovernment.[答案]T★L(fēng)ilyis70yearsoldandshetakescareofher91-year-oldmother.Shetoldusaboutcaringforhermother.Iwakeupearlyeveryday,it’susuallyabout6.30am,andwaituntilIhearTilly,mymum,movingabout.ThenImakeheracupoftea.Atabouthalfpastsevenshegetsupandwehavebreakfasttogether.Wenormallyjusthavetoast,butonSundayswealwayshavebaconandeggs.Afterbreakfastshereadsthenewspaper,thenshesitsbythewindowandwavestotheneighboursastheywalkby.Shehardlyevergoesoutbutsheisveryproudofherpersonalappearance,soshegoestothehairdresseronceamonth.Shedoesn’tlikebeingleftonherownforverylong,soIalwaysarrangeforaneighbourtocomeandsitwithherwhenIgoout.Nowandagain,myfriendandneighbour,Joan,comestospendthedaywithher,andIcangoandhavelunchwithanotherfriend,May,wholivesintown.Ihaveabrother,Syd.Hecomestostaytwoorthreetimesayear.Heisverygoodandkeepsintouch,buthelives300milesaway.Onceayear,hecollectsmumandtakeshertostaywithhiminLondonforaweek.Shedoesn’treallylikegoingbecauseit’salongjourney,butIneedtherest.Sally,thenurse,comestoseemumregularly.Mynext-doorneighbour,Jack,oftencallsin.IntheeveningweusuallywatchTVandwesometimesplaycards.Mumisfantasticforherage.ButIcanneverdecidetogoanywherespontaneously.Ialwayshavetoplanit,soIfeelabittrapped.Butwhatisthealternative?Anoldpeople’shome?Icouldn’tdothattomymother.特別提醒：本題共5個小題,需要拉動答題框右邊的滾動條使5個試題顯示出來做答！！[判斷題]◆Lilywakesbeforehermother.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]T[判斷題]◆JoansometimesspendsthedaywithLily’smother.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]T[判斷題]◆Lillygoestoseeherhairdressereverymonth.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]T[判斷題]◆Lily’sbrothercomestovisiteverythreeweeks.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]F[判斷題]◆LilyandhermotherplaycardsmorethantheywatchTV.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]F★Parentingishard.Ifyou’reaparent,I’msurethatIdon’tneedtotellyouthatourjobisatoughone.Whenyou’remanagingchildren,itcanbedifficulttorememberthattheyarestilllearning.Ifyoufindyourselfyellingatyourkidsmoreoftenthanyouwantto,herearesomewaysthatcanhelpyoureducetheyelling.I’vebeenworkingonthisforthepastfewmonthsandIhavetosay,it’sbeenamazingforboththekidsandme.Ifyouarehavinganargumentwithyourchild,youneedtomakesureyoubothtakethetimetoreal1ylisten.Itgivesbothofyoutimetothinkandreallylistentoeachother,whichisimportant.Kidsaremorelikelytolistentoyouifyoulistentothem!Oneofyourbiggeststrugglesistoremindyourselfofappropriateexpectations.Youcan’texpectthatyouryoungestactsasresponsiblyasyouroldest.Youshouldlowerwhatyouexpect-takingintoconsiderationthingsliketheirage-itcanmakeabigdifference.Youshoulddoyourbesttotakeamomentbeforeyellingandtakeinadeepbreath.Itmakesaworldofdifferenceforyou.Insteadofyelling,you’dbetterwhisper.Itcanalsohelpdiffuseanysituationbymakingthingsquieter,notlouder.Besides,themoretimeyouspendwithyourkids,thebetteryou’llgetatcommunicatingwiththem.You’rebothmorelikelytounderstandeachother.Ifyourchildrenaren’tlisteningoritseemstheyonlydon’tlistentoyou,youdon’ttakeitpersonally.Youshouldremindyourselfthatyourkidsarestilllearningandthey’renotgoingtobeperfect.特別提醒：本題共5個小題,需要拉動答題框右邊的滾動條使5個試題顯示出來做答?。判斷題]◆Asaparent,youmayknowthatparentingisaneasyjob.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]F[判斷題]◆Listeningtoeachotherisagoodwaytostopargumentbetweenparentsandtheirkids.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]T[判斷題]◆Usuallyyoungerkidsbehavelessresponsiblythanelderchildren.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]T[判斷題]◆Parentsshouldlowertheirexpectationsfortheirkids.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]T[判斷題]◆Bothyellingandwhisperingcanhelpmakethingsquieter.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]F★Thelawdefinesyouthfuloffenders(age18orunder)as“delinquent”iftheycommitoffenses.Asforthesameoffenses,thecourtwouldconsideranadultasa“criminal”.“Statusoffenders”arejuvenileswhocommitoffensesappropriateonlytojuveniles,suchastruancyfromschool.Hereareafewideastohelppreventyourchildrenfrombeingadelinquent.Keepyourchildreninschooltohelppreventdelinquency.Minoroffenses,suchastruancy,canleadtomoreseriousoffenses.Makecleartoyourchildrenyourexpectationsabouttheirschoolattendance.Meetwithschoolofficialsifnecessary.Exerciseadequatesupervision.Juvenilesrarelycommitseriousoffenseswhileunderthesupervisionofanadult.Seektheassistanceofyourlocalserviceagenciesifyoufeelyoucannotcontrolyourchildren.Attendparentingclasses,orjoinalocalsupportgroupifyouarehavingtroubleunderstandinghowtoexercisediscipline.Educateyourchildrenaboutthedangersofdrugs.Drugoffensesandaddictioncanhaveseriousconsequencesforyourchildren.Letyourchildrenknowyouwillnottoleratedruguse.Stayinformedaboutdrugusetrendsinchildren.Getyourchildreninvolvedinafter-schoolrecreationalactivities,sports,communityserviceorotherpositiveactivities.Youngpeoplewithpositiveoutletsfortheirenergyaremorelikelytodowellinschoolandavoidtheproblemsofdelinquency.Knowwhoyourchildren’sfriendsare.Showaninterestinyourchildren’ssociallifeandpeergroups.Peerpressuremayhaveabadeffectonteenagersandyoungpeople.Donotallowyourchildrentoassociatewithjuveniledelinquents.特別提醒：本題共5個小題,需要拉動答題框右邊的滾動條使5個試題顯示出來做答?。判斷題]◆Thecourtwouldconsideryouthfuloffendersascriminalsiftheycommitoffenses.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]F[判斷題]◆Youmustmeetwithschoolofficialstopreventyourchildrenfromdelinquency.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]F[判斷題]◆Ifyoucannotcontrolyourchildren,askforhelpfromthelocalserviceagencies.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]T[判斷題]◆Informyourchildrenthatyouwillnottoleratedruguseanddrugoffensescanhaveseriousresultsforyourchildren.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]T[判斷題]◆Childrenalwaysinvolvinginpositiveactivitiesaremorelikelytodowellinschoolandavoidtheproblemsofdelinquency.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]T★ThepoliceinEnglandarenotnormallyarmed,andiftheythinkorknowthatsomeonehasafirearmandmaybegoingtocommitanoffence,thentheyhaveateamofspeciallytrainedofficers,whocarryfirearms.Thepoliceusethedogswhenapersonhasrunawayandmaybehiddeninabuildingorinthecountryside.Thedogcanattackthecriminalandbitehimsothatthepolicedon’thavetoshoothimandheisnotkilled.Inthatwaythepolicecanavoidusinggunsandavoidshootingthecriminal.Allofthedogsinthepoliceforceactuallystayathomewiththeirhandler,sowhenthepolicemanfinishesworkhetakesthedoghomewithhimself.Heisprovidedwithakennelthatstaysinthegardenandallfood.Thedogsarenotaggressiveandtheycanlivewithafamilyquitehappily.Theydolearnhowtorelaxashumanbeingsdowhenoffduty,andbecomequiteexcitedaboutworkingwhenthey’reonduty.It’squiteinterestingtoseethat.Mydogknowswhenit’sworkingorwhenit’snotworkinggenerallybywhetherI’mwearingmyuniformornot.MydogbarksanawfullotwhenI’mwearingmyuniformbecausehe’sveryexcited.特別提醒：本題共5個小題,需要拉動答題框右邊的滾動條使5個試題顯示出來做答??！[判斷題]◆ThepoliceinEnglandarenotarmed.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]F[判斷題]◆Thepoliceofficershavetopayforthedogs.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]F[判斷題]◆Thedogsarekeptinthegardenbecausetheyareaggressive.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]F[判斷題]◆Thewriter’sdogbecomesexcitedwhenit’stimetogotowork.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]T[判斷題]◆Thewriter’sdogbarkswhenitseesacriminaliscoming.(紅色字體為本題正確答案選項)[答案]T★Theterm“l(fā)ifelonglearning”isverypopularnowadays.Itdescribestheneedforpeopletocontinuetheireducationandtrainingthroughouttheirlives.Lifelonglearningismoreandmoreimportantforeveryonebecausepeoplearenowfacingdifferentcareerchoicesinchangingeconomies.Itisbelievedlifelonglearningisacrucialresponsetothechallengesoftheglobalknowledgeeconomy.Currently,mostuniversitieshavereactedtotheeraoflifelonglearningbyaddingnewprogramsandservicesforadultswhoseektocombineemploymentwithpart-timestudy.Specialarrangementshavebeendevelopedforthesestudentsbutthecoreactivityoftheuniversity,providingteachingtofull-timeyoungundergraduates,oftengoesonmuchasbefore.Lifelonglearningisbothformalandnon-formal;andtheboundariesbetweenface-to-faceteachinganddistanceeducationareincreasinglyblurred.Bymakinglearningpossibleanytimeandanywhere,distanceeducationisapowerfultoolforsupportinglifelonglearning.Technology-basedteachingiscreatingneweducationalsystemsthatanyonefromanywherecanaccess.Thekeychallengeforuniversitiesistoevolvefromateacher-centeredmodelofeducationtostudent-centeredmodel.Thechallengeforgovernmentsisthattheyhavetodevelopnewfundingapproachesandnewqual