2021年考研英語(yǔ)二真題

2021年考研英語(yǔ)二真題（完整版）

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreach

numberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10

points)

Thinnerisn'talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave

_1___thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherrisk

ofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.And

therearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightis

actually___2___.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikely

todevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.3among

theelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan__4___of

goodhealth.

Ofevengreater5isthefactthatobesityturns

outtobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined

___6___bodymassindex,orBMI.BMI___7_bodymassdivided

bythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25is

oftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and30is

overweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.Obesity,

8___,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,

andveryseverelyobese.

Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9,theyarenot.

Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.

SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,10

otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11.Forexample,many

collegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers12asobese,

thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someone

withasmal1framemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13BMI.

Todaywehavea(an)_14_tolabelobesityasa

disgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes15inthemediawith

theirfacescovered.Stereotypes_16_withobesityinclude

laziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsfor

success.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeen

showntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese._17_veryyoung

childrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasing

aboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.

1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured

2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient

[D]troublesome

3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore

4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example

5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern

6.[A]intermsof[B]incaseof[C]infavorof[D]in

of

7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies

8.[A]inessence[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]inpart

9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]

straightforward

10.[A]so[B]unlike[C]since[D]unless

11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste

12.[A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D]stay

13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant

14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency

15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored

16.[A][B]combined[C]settled[D]associated

17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only

18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded

19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]

studies

20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]without

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions：

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbelow

eachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Markyouranswerson

ANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Whatwouldyoudowith590m?Thisisnowaquestionfor

GloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemerged

fromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthe

biggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopes

hernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsof

fulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneyby

ElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.

Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearch

toshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbe

counterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolve

visionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfaction

withthesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhat

wasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;regretcreepsin.

Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumn

andMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsoreven

goingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemore

valuablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyif

theyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.

Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslaves

aswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost"happinessbangfor

yourbuck."Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffifthey

couldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewith

friendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision

(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonths

ayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsor

givingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasing

thingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhenthey

areconsumedsparingly.Thisisapparentlythereason

MacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib-

amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoan

objectofobsession.

Readersof“HappyMoney“areclearlyaprivilegedlot,

anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuy

happiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerally

happierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeeling

goodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichand

poorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthe

pleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewill

agreewiththeauthors'policyideas,whichrangefrom

mandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesfor

Americanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthis

bookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.

21.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowing

isthemostrewardingpurchase?

[A]Abighouse

[B]Aspecialtour

[C]Astylishcar

[D]Arichmeal

22.Theauthor'sattitudetowardAmericansJwatchingTV

is

[Alcritical

[B]supportive

[C]sympathetic

[D]ambiguous

23.Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshowthat

[A]consumersaresometimesirrational

[Bipopularityusuallycomesafterquality

[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective

[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure

24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney

[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders'criticism

[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase

[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheus

[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement

25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto

[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney

[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries

[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent

[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuries

Text2

AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthat

empiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou're

morebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seatedneedto

feelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberof

self-enhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhatthecallthe

“aboveaverageeffect",or"illusorysuperiority”,and

shownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasabove

averageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingon

wellwithothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.

Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-

affirmingsituations.Webecomedefensivewhencriticized,

andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourown

esteem,westalkaroundthinkingwe'rehotstuff.

PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpley

oversawakeystudyingintoself-enhancementand

attractiveness.Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyratetheir

beautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyan

originalphotograghofthemselves'fromalineupincluding

versionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandless

attractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is“an

automaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyand

intuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconscious

deliberation.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalsely

flatteringimage-whichmustdid-theygenuinelybelievedit

wasreallyhowtheylooked.Epleyfoundnosignificantgender

differenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethat,

thosewhoself-enhancethemust(thatis,theparticipants

whothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)

weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infact

thosewhothoughtthattheimageshigherupthe

attractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwith

thosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem.

"Idon'tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareany

evidenceofpersonaldelusion”,saysEpley."It'sa

reflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellof

themselves'.Ifyouaredepressed,youwon,tbeself-

enhancing.KnowingtheresultsofEpley'sstudy,itmakes

sensethatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemselves

Viscerally-ononelevel,theydon,tevenrecognisethe

personinthepictureasthemselves,Facebooktherefore,isa

self-enhancer'sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythe

mostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,

intellectandlifestyleit'snotthatpeople'sprofilesare

dishonest,sayscatalinatomaofWiscon一Madison

university,“buttheyportrayanidealizedversionof

themselves.

26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologist

havefoundthat.

[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh

[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect

[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural

[D]self-enhancingstrategiesareineffective

27.Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeople*s

[A]rapidwatching

[B]consciouschoice

[C]intuitiveresponse

[D]automaticself-defence

28.Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteem

tendedto______

[A]underestimatetheirinsecurities

[B]believeintheirattractiveness

[C]coveruptheirdepressions

[D]oversimplifytheirillusions

29.Theword“Viscerally”(Line2,para.5)isclosestin

meaningto_____.

[A]instinctively

[Bloccasionally

[Clparticularly

[D]aggressively

30.ItcanbeinferredthatFacebookisself-enhancer's

paradisebecausepeoplecan_____.

[A]presenttheirdishonestprofiles

[B]definetheirtraditionallifestyles

[C]sharetheirintellectualpursuits

[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides

Text3

暫缺

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Text4

Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructure

contributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,

railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.

Whyisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsectormust

shouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicating

therealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.

Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itis

hardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibi1lion-pound

infrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethatthe

attentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemost

significantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeenso

politicallycharged.

Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationis

desperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandweare

simplynotbuiIdingenoughnewhomes.

Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunity

forthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoput

historicalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepsto

addressoururgenthousingneed.

Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodo

justthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashinted

thatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,may

introducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamount

thatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstock

debt.Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbe

builtoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,

increasingGDPby0.6%.

Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertainty

intherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificant

impactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnew

developmentsfromrevenues.

Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethese

measureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceup

tothefactthattheexisting￡4.5bnprogrammeofgrantsto

fundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2021,is

unlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabourpartyhas

recentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthe

coalition'sspendingplansifreturnstopower.Thehousing

sectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoever

returntoeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjust

tothischangingclimate.

36.Theauthorbelievesthatthehousingsector—

[A]hasattractedmuchattention

[B]involvescertainpoliticalfactors

[C]shoulderstoomuchresponsibility

[D]haslostitsrealvalueineconomy

37.Itcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas一

[A]increaseditshomesupply

[B]offeredspendingopportunities

[C]sufferedgovernmentbiases

[D]disappointedthegovernment

38.AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay.

[A]allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing

[B]stoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes

[C]preparetoreducehousingstockdebt

[D]releasealiftedGDPgrowthforecast

39.Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironment

would.

[A]lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders

[B]lessentheimpactofgovernmentinterference

[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopments

[D]relievetheministersofresponsibilities

40.Theauthorbelievesthatafter2021,thegovernment

may______.

[A]implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing

[B]reviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants

[C]renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme

[D]stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector

SectionIIITranslation

Directions：

TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.

WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismasen