12選擇性必修四Unit3Unit4重點詞匯及短語拓展（原卷板）

12選擇性必修四Unit3Unit4重點詞匯及短語拓展I.Unit3Unit4重點詞匯及拓展1.__________vt.擴展；使伸長；延長→__________adj.廣闊的；大規(guī)模的；廣泛的→__________n.擴大；延伸2.__________vt.商定；達(dá)成(協(xié)議)vi.談判；磋商；協(xié)商→__________n.談判；協(xié)商；商談3.__________vi.&vt.(使)撤回；撤離→__________(過去式)→__________(過去分詞)4.__________n.政治、政治觀點→__________adj.政治的5.__________n.混合、結(jié)合體；混合物→__________v.混合、結(jié)合6.__________n.新聞報道；覆蓋范圍→__________v.報道；覆蓋n.封面；雨披7.__________v.鼓掌；稱贊、贊賞→__________n.掌聲、鼓掌8.__________n.遷移、遷徙→__________v.遷移、遷徙9.__________v.謀殺、兇殺n.謀殺、兇殺→__________n.殺人犯10.__________n.仁慈；寬??；恩惠→__________adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；寬容的→__________adj.殘忍的；無慈悲心的11.__________n.[usuallypl.]個人財產(chǎn)；擁有；控制→__________vt.控制；使掌握；具有；迷住；擁有12.__________n.反對者；對手；競爭者→__________vt.反對；抵制→__________adj.反對的；截然不同的13.__________n.沙土；灰塵vi.&vt.擦灰→__________adj.布滿灰塵的14.__________n.橡皮；黑板擦；橡膠→__________vt.&vi.擦；摩擦；揉；搓15.__________n.化學(xué)家；藥劑師；藥房→__________n.化學(xué)→__________adj.化學(xué)的16.__________n.住房；住宅→__________n.房子17.__________n.優(yōu)惠待遇；特權(quán)→__________adj.享有特權(quán)的；特許的18.__________vt.&vi.(使臉上)起皺紋；皺起n.皺紋→__________adj.有皺紋的19.__________adj.成熟的；時機成熟的→__________vt.&vi.(使)成熟20.__________adj.有殘疾的；喪失能力的→__________n.缺陷；障礙→__________vt.使(某人)殘廢；使……無能21.__________vt.值得；應(yīng)得；應(yīng)受→__________adj.值得的；應(yīng)得的22.__________n.咨詢；咨詢會→__________vt.咨詢；請教→__________n.顧問23.__________n.穩(wěn)定(性)；穩(wěn)固(性)→__________adj.穩(wěn)定的；牢固的→__________adj.不穩(wěn)定的II.Unit3Unit4重點短語和句型一、重點短語1.inaleagueofone’sown_________________ 2.inhand____________________3.setsail____________________ 4.withdrawfrom____________________5.formthefoundationof__________________ 6.underthemandof____________________7.huntfor____________________ 8.withoutmercy____________________9.behometo____________________ 10.takeaction____________________11.amountsof__________ __________ 12.havemoreoptionsfor____________________13.spillover...into____________________ 14.achorusof____________________15.nottomention____________________ 16.adaptto____________________17.berelevantto...__________ __________ 18.tobehonest____________________19.participatein____________________ 20.bedyingtodosth____________________21.begreetedby____________________ 22.havenoconceptof____________________23.theotherday____________________ 24.hearabout____________________25.take...forgranted____________________26.aswell____________________ 27.makeabigdifference____________________28.relayto____________________ 29.beproudof____________________30.praythat____________________ 31.workon____________________32.inneedof____________________ 33.takegoodcareof____________________二、重點句型1.句型公式：動詞不定式短語作主語教材原句：Topletethegreatmapoftheworldwasastrongpassionforthepeopleofearlycivilisations.翻譯：__________________________________________________?！痉治鳇c撥】(1)動詞不定式(短語)作主語，通常位于句首，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。(2)為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)的協(xié)調(diào)性，動詞不定式作主語時，大部分情況下用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語——動詞不定式(短語)置于句末。(3)動詞不定式前面可以加疑問詞，構(gòu)成“疑問詞＋動詞不定式”的形式。e.g.①Tosaylittleandperformmuchisthecharacteristicofgreatminds.少說多做是大智者的特性。②Toenterthekeyuniversityiseveryone’sdream.進入重點大學(xué)是每個人的夢想。③Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實。【多維運用】(1)單句語法填空①Tobeangrywithaweakman__________(be)aproofthatyouarenotverystrongyourself.②Onourwaytothehouse,itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketo__________(get)there.(2)單句寫作③如何與別人友好相處是你應(yīng)該學(xué)會的第二件事。__________________________________________________.2.句型公式：what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句教材原句：Inancienttimes,silkfromChinafounditswayoverlandtoIndia,theMiddleEast,andRome,alongwhatbecameknownastheSilkRoad.翻譯：在古代，中國絲綢經(jīng)由一條陸路運到印度、中東和羅馬，這條路就是有名的“絲綢之路”。【分析點撥】(1)意義eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(……的東西或事情,……的人或的樣子,……的數(shù)量或數(shù)目,……的時間,……的地方))(2)功能：可用作主語、賓語或表語(3)在結(jié)構(gòu)上相當(dāng)于“the＋名詞＋定語從句”e.g.①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Onelookandheknewwhattheywereupto.看一眼他就知道他們在干什么。②In1492,ColumbusreachedwhatisnowcalledAmerica.1492年，哥倫布到達(dá)了現(xiàn)在所稱的美洲大陸。③WhatItoldyouaboutitisveryimportanttoallofyou.對于這件事，我告訴你們的對于你們所有人是非常重要的?！径嗑S運用】(1)寫出下列句中黑體詞的含義①WhatIamgoingtotellyouisaboutthebookdonatedfromourschooltoyourChineseclass.__________②Iwilltellhimwhatyoulook/arelikesothatyoucanfindeachothereasily.__________(2)句式升級③Atallbuildingaroseinaplacewhichwasawasteland.→Atallbuildingarosein____________________.(what引導(dǎo)的從句)3.句型公式：which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句)教材原句：Here,merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmettonegotiatetradedeals,whichalsoledtomoreawarenessofeachother’scultures.翻譯：________________________________________________________________________________?！痉治鳇c撥】關(guān)系代詞which在非限制性定語從句中所指代和修飾的可以是主句中的名詞、形容詞、短語、其他從句或整個主句，在從句中作主語、動詞賓語、介詞賓語或表語。which指代主句中的名詞，被指代的名詞包括表示物、嬰兒或動物的名詞、表示單數(shù)意義的集體名詞以及表示職業(yè)、品格等的名詞。as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：1.

which

引導(dǎo)的定語從句只能位于主句后，但as引導(dǎo)的從句可位于主句前、中、后。2.

as在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語通常要有be或別的系動詞，但which不受此限制。3.

as

引導(dǎo)的定語從句只表示一個眾所周知或意料之中的事，但

which

不受此限制。4.

as有“正如”之意，而which則意為“這(件事，一點)”，可用andthis/that/it來代替。5.

as多用于固定搭配中：asisoftenthecase(這是常有的事)，aswasexpected(不出所料)，asoftenhappens(正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣)，asisknowntoall(眾所周知)，ashasbeensaidbefore(如上所述)，asismentionedabove(正如上面所提到的)等。注：which

代表整個句子，還可用于inwhichcase,atwhichpoint,onwhichoccasion等。e.g.①(2021·全國乙卷)Forexample,wearetakingadvantageofvariousonlinecoursesforfurtherstudy,whichallowustolearnknowledgewhereverweareatanytime,makingiteasiertoearnadegree.例如，我們正在利用各種在線課程進行深度學(xué)習(xí)，這些課程使我們能夠隨時隨地學(xué)習(xí)知識，從而更容易獲得學(xué)位。②ChinesedumplingisatraditionalChinesefood,whichisessentialduringholidaysinnorthernChina.餃子是中國的傳統(tǒng)食物，在北方的節(jié)日中不可或缺。③ChineseOperaisthetraditionalformofChinesetheatre,which

binesdialogue,music,vocalperformance,dance,andsoon.中國戲曲是中國戲劇的傳統(tǒng)形式，它集對白、音樂、聲樂、舞蹈等多種形式于一體?！径嗑S運用】(1)單句語法填空：①David,__________youknow,isaphotographer.②Hemarriedher,__________wasunexpected.③LiMingwaslate,__________(=andthis)madeMr.Zhangveryangry.

(2)單句寫作④Imayhavetoworklate,______________________________.

我可能得晚點下班，那樣我會給你打的。4.句型公式：although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句教材原句：AlthoughChinawithdrewfromfurtherexpeditionsafter1433,theselandandsearoutesremainedactivechannelsbetweenotherculturesforcenturies.翻譯：________________________________________________________________________________?！痉治鳇c撥】英語中用于引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞不多，主要有although,though,eventhough,evenif等。

用although/though引導(dǎo)：although與though雖然拼寫不同，但意思相同，都表示“雖然”，常可互換。while也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，那就是，它除了表示“當(dāng)……時候”外，還可表示“盡管”“雖然”，此時引導(dǎo)的是讓步狀語從句。e.g.①(2021·浙江卷)Althoughthejobwasverytiring,IwasveryhappyinmyheartforIgotsomethingfrommywork.雖然工作很累，但我心里很高興，因為我從工作中得到了一些東西。②Hedidn’tpassthedrivingtestalthoughhewenttothedrivingschooleveryweek.盡管他每周都去駕校，還是沒有通過駕駛考試。③Althoughshedidn’tsayanythingIsensed(that)shedidn’tliketheidea.

她雖然什么也沒說但我已意識到她不喜歡這個主意?！径嗑S運用】(1)單句語法填空：①____________________theyaretwins,theylookentirelydifferent.②__________yousawhimpickupthemoney,youcan’tbesurehestoleit.(2)單句寫作③盡管她父親在公司里，但她那份工作卻是靠自己得到的。____________________,shegotthejobonherown.5.句型公式：動名詞短語作主語教材原句：Understandingmoreabouttheseawillalsohelpusmanageitsresourcesbetter.翻譯：________________________________________?！痉治鳇c撥】(1)動名詞(短語)作主語往往表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。(2)動名詞(短語)作主語和不定式作主語一樣，也可以用it作形式主語，多見于某些形容詞及名詞之后。常見的能用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞和名詞有：good,nogood,nouse,useless,senseless等。注意：important,essential,necessary等形容詞不能用于上述結(jié)構(gòu)。(3)當(dāng)動名詞有自己的邏輯主語時，常可以在前面加上一個名詞或代詞的所有格，構(gòu)成動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(這時，名詞或代詞的所有格作動名詞的邏輯主語)。動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)也可以在句中作主語。e.g.①(2021·全國乙卷)Besides,makingascheduleisamust,forgoodtimemanagementwillcontributetoourefficiency.此外，制訂一個時間表是必須的，因為良好的時間管理將有助于我們的效率。②Climbingupthemountainwillmakeyouexhausted.爬上這座山會使你筋疲力盡。③Workingintheseconditions

is

notapleasurebutasuffer.在這種工作條件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。【多維運用】(1)單句語法填空①Itisnouse__________(tell)himnottoworry.②__________(they)ingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.(2)完成句子③______________________________willdoyoualotofgood.早晨大聲朗讀英文會給你帶來許多好處。6.句型公式：onlytodo做結(jié)果狀語教材原句：Theyhurriedtothewater,onlytofindababysealthere.翻譯：________________________________________?！痉治鳇c撥】onlytodo作結(jié)果狀語，多用來表示出人意料、結(jié)局令人沮喪的結(jié)果。表示一個隨后發(fā)生的動作，通常是一個未曾料到的不愉快的結(jié)果。動詞多是終結(jié)性的詞。(thus)doing做結(jié)果狀語，常表示自然而然的結(jié)果后者必然的結(jié)果。e.g.①Ieagerlyunpackedthepackage,onlytofindabrokenbookinit.我急切地打開包裹，結(jié)果只在里面找到一本破書。②Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,onlytobetoldthefilmstarshadleft.新聞記者們慌張的到達(dá)機場，結(jié)構(gòu)卻被告知電影明星們已經(jīng)離開了。③Thetrainwascaughtinheavysnow,thuscausingthedelay.火車遭遇了暴風(fēng)雪，因此導(dǎo)致了耽誤?！径嗑S運用】(1)單句語法填空①MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,__________(make)itmucheasierforpeopletotravelformoneplacetoanother.②Georgereturnedafterthewar,only__________(tell)thathiswifehadlefthim.③Asmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity,__________(kill)allfourpeopleonboard.(2)完成句子④南方下了大雨，在幾個省區(qū)造成嚴(yán)重洪災(zāi)。Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,________________________________________.7.句型公式：so...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句教材原句：Thesonlovedhisparentssomuchthathepromisednottoswim.翻譯：________________________________________?！痉治鳇c撥】(1)so...that...意為“如此……以至于……”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。其句型基本結(jié)構(gòu)：so＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(adj./adv.＋that從句,adj.＋a/an＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋that從句,many/few＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋that從句,much/little＋不可數(shù)名詞＋that從句))(2)such...that...意為“如此……以至于……”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。其句型基本結(jié)構(gòu)：such＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(a/an＋adj.＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＋that從句,adj.＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋that從句,adj.＋不可數(shù)名詞＋that從句))e.g.①Foronething,theoveralldevelopmentoverthepastdecadeshasbeensostrikingthattheyfeeleagertofamiliarisethemselveswithwhatisgoingoninChina.Foranother,Chinaenjoysalonghistoryandrichculture.其一，過去幾十年的整體發(fā)展是如此驚人，以至于他們渴望了解中國正在發(fā)生的事情。其二，中國歷史悠久，而且文化豐富。②Heseemedsuchanicemanthatweallbelievehim.＝Heseemedsoniceamanthatweallbelievehim.他看上去是那么好的人，我們都相信他。③Theyweresopleasedtoseeeachotherthattheyforgoteverythingelse.他們彼此相見，高興得連別的什么事都忘了?！久麕燑c津】(1)當(dāng)名詞前面有many,much,few,little等表示數(shù)量多少的限定詞時，應(yīng)該用so，而不能用such。(2)當(dāng)“so＋形容詞/副詞”及“such...”置于句首時，主句要用部分倒裝?！径嗑S運用】(1)單句語法填空①Thereare__________manyflowersthatIdon’tknowwhichIwillpick.(2)一句多譯/句型轉(zhuǎn)換②他是一個如此聰明的男孩，以至于我們都喜歡他?！鷂_______________________________________.(so...that...)→________________________________________.(such...that...)③Herunssofastthatheisfaraheadofothers.→________________________________________.(倒裝句)8.句型公式：形容詞(短語)作狀語教材原句：Finally,thefatherwaspushedtotheshorealive,butthisoldcoupleneversawtheirsonagain.翻譯：__________________________________________________。【分析點撥】形容詞(短語)作狀語時，通常說明主語的情況，即表示主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征等，有時它和賓語的關(guān)系密切，且可位于句首、句末和句子中間，通常和句子的其它部分用逗號分開，但單個形容詞可以連在一起。(1)形容詞(短語)作狀語說明主語的情況，可以表示動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生的原因、方式、時間等，或?qū)χ^語作補充說明。(2)形容詞(短語)作狀語時，它和句中謂語動詞在意義上的聯(lián)系不密切，只狀是對謂語補充說明。e.g.①Besides,richintourismresources,Chinaattractsmillionsofpeoplefromeverycorneroftheworld.此外，中國擁有豐富的旅游資源，吸引了來自世界各地的數(shù)百萬人。②Thelostboyspentthreedaysintheforestcoldandhungry.那個迷路的男孩又冷又餓地在森林中過了三天。③Contrarytoalladvice,theystartedtoclimbthemountainduringastorm.他們不聽一切勸告，冒著風(fēng)暴出發(fā)登山?！径嗑S運用】(1)單句語法填空①__________(anxiety)foraquickdecision,ourleadercalledforavote.(2)單句寫作②我低聲背誦課文，小心翼翼地不流露自己的壞心情。Irecitedthetextinalowvoice______________________________.③月亮剛剛升起，掛在山上，十足的金黃色。Themoon______________________________.9.句型公式：Ittakessbsometimetodosth教材原句：Ittakesmeonlyafewminutestowalktoschooldownadustytrackcoveredinweeds.翻譯：__________________________________________________?！痉治鳇c撥】Ittakesbsometimetodosth用法如下：（1）翻譯：做某事花費某人一些時間。（2）這是個固定的句型。即：做某事花費某人一些時間。（3）it是形式主語；其真正主語是動詞不定式“todosth”。e.g.①Ittookthemabouthalfanhourtoworkoutthedifficultmathsproblem.他們花了大約半個小時的時間才解出這道數(shù)學(xué)難題。②Ittakesme

quite

alongtimetounderstandthemeaningofthepainting.我花了相當(dāng)長的時間才理解那幅畫的意義。③Itmighttakesometimetounderstandandappreciateit,butonceyoudoitreallyjustclicks.雖然理解這一轉(zhuǎn)變可能會花些時間，但一旦你經(jīng)過這一階段，你就會適應(yīng)并享受它?！径嗑S運用】(1)單句語法填空①It

takes

15

minutes

__________

(convert)theplane

into

a

car

byremoving

thewings

and

thetail.

②It

__________

(take)great

courage

to

face

your

child

and

tell

them

thetruth.(2)完成句子④平均需要10周的時間才能完成一幢房子的銷售。________________________________________

tobepleted.10.句型公式：bedoing...when...教材原句：TheotherdayIwasshowingtheboysachemistryexperimentwhen,beforeIknewit,themixturewasbubblingoutofthetesttubespillingeverywhere!翻譯：________________________________________________________________________________！【分析點撥】bedoing...when...意為“正在做……，就在這時……”。when在句中作并列連詞，相當(dāng)于andthen,andatthattime。when作并列連詞的句型還有：(1)beabouttodo/beonthepointofdoing...when...正要做……的時候(突然)……(2)had(just)donewhen剛做完……的時候(突然)……e.g.①IwaslyingawakeonmybedwhensuddenlySarahcameinsideandstartedscreaming.我正醒著躺在床上，這時薩拉突然跑進來，開始大喊大叫。②Iwaslyingface-downonmybedupstairswhenIheardmymumethroughthefrontdoor.我正趴在樓上的床上，突然聽到媽媽從前門進來。③I

was

doing

myhomework

when

mymothercameback.

我正在做作業(yè)，這時我媽媽回來了?！径嗑S運用】(1)完成句子①We____________________hesuddenlytookhisjacketandranaway.我們正聊著呢，突然他就拿著夾克跑開了。②He____________________hebumpedintoalargecowandfelldown.他還沒有走多遠(yuǎn)就撞上了一頭大奶牛并摔倒了。(2)同義句轉(zhuǎn)換③Hewasonthepointofgivingupthequestionwhensuddenlyhefoundtheanswer.→____________________________________________________________.11.句型公式：fromwhere引導(dǎo)定語從句教材原句：AnotherteacherandIwalkedfortwoandahalfhourstogetthere—first,upamountainfromwherewehadfantasticviews,andthendownashadedpathtothevalleybelow.翻譯：我和另一位老師步行了兩個半小時才到達(dá)那里。首先，我們爬上一座山，在山上我們看到了美妙的景色，然后沿著一條樹蔭遮蔽的小路走到下面的山谷?！痉治鳇c撥】(1)fromwhere引導(dǎo)定語從句，相當(dāng)于andfromhere/there。(2)fromwhich中的which指的是一個地點名詞；fromwhere中的where指的是一個地點狀語。e.g.①Sheclimbeduptothetopofthehill,fromwhereshecouldhaveagoodviewofthewholetown.她登上山頂，從那里她可以一覽全鎮(zhèn)的風(fēng)光。②Soonaftergettingoffhishorse,thecaptainappearedatthesecond-floorwindows,fromwherehecouldseenothingbuttrees.下馬不久，上尉就出現(xiàn)在二樓的窗口中了。他在那里除了樹木什么也沒看到。③He

hid

himself

in

a

tree,from

wherehe

could

see

the

enemy

in

the

distance.

他躲在一棵樹上，從那兒他可以看到遠(yuǎn)處的敵人。【多維運用】(1)選詞填空(fromwhere/fromwhich)①Itwasafriendship__________aromancewasnurtured.(2)完成句子②Alicestoodatthewindow,__________________________________________________.艾麗絲站在窗邊，從那里她可以看到同學(xué)們正在踢足球。12.句型公式：感官動詞＋賓語＋賓語補足語教材原句：Later,Inoticedacanstandingupsidedownonthegrilloverthefire.翻譯：________________________________________?！痉治鳇c撥】e.g.①Onthewaydrivingbackfromthegrocerystore,Inoticedahomelessmanholdingasignbythesideoftheroad.在從雜貨店開車回來的路上，我注意到一個無家可歸的人在路邊舉著一個牌子。②Sometimesshewouldlistentohimplayingthesaxophone.有時她會聽他吹奏薩克斯管。③Onecouldhearallkindsofthingsbeingdiscussedthere.你可以聽到那里在談?wù)摰膯栴}五花八門，無所不有?！径嗑S運用】(1)單句語法填空①Icouldfeelthewind__________(blow)onmyface.②Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound__________(smoke)inthekitchen.(2)完成句子③他看見她在花園里干活。Hesawher____________________.13.句型公式：現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語教材原句：Lately,allofushaveseenChinesepeopleonTVinfar-offplacesintheworld,helpingothercountriestodevelop.翻譯：____________________________________________________________。【分析點撥】e.g.①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Youthisofgreathelptome,offeringmeinspirationaswellasencouragementintime.《青春》對我?guī)椭艽?，及時給我提供靈感和鼓舞。②Tomwaswalkingalongthebeach,enjoyingthesoundofthewaves.湯姆沿著海岸散步，欣賞著海浪的聲音。③Thereismudandwatereverywhere,makingitdifficulttotravelfromplacetoplace.到處都是泥和水，使得從一個地方到另一個地方旅行很困難?！径嗑S運用】(1)單句語法填空①Hereturnedhomeverylateeverynight,__________(make)hiswifeveryangry.②Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,__________morepatientstobetreated.(2)完成句子③在心臟病發(fā)作后，邁克爾·杰克遜被宣布死亡，這標(biāo)志著這位世界上最受歡迎的藝人的悲慘結(jié)局。Aftersufferingaheartattack,MichaelJacksonwaspronounceddead,____________________totheworld’smostpopularentertainer.14.句型公式：while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管；雖然”教材原句：And,whilethecountryisquitebeautifulandhasmuchnaturalwealth,manyofthepeoplearequitepoorandlivewithoutthingswetakeforgranted,suchaselectricity,runningwater,carsandgoodtransportsystems,andsupermarkets.翻譯：________________________________________________________________________________?！痉治鳇c撥】此句中while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管；雖然”；while的用法如下：(1)while可用作并列連詞，表示對比、轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“然而；卻”。(2)while可用作從屬連詞。①引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“當(dāng)……時候”，句中的動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞。②引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然；盡管”，從句常置于主句之前。③引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為“只要”，相當(dāng)于aslongas。(3)while可用作名詞，常與a連用，意為“一會兒；一段時間”。e.g.①Whilethisareaasawholeisheatingupquickly,temperaturesnearthegreenhouseshavedecreased.盡管從整體上來說這個地區(qū)的氣溫在迅速上升，但是，溫室附近的氣溫已經(jīng)下降了。②Whiletheblueswaspopular,asamusicalformitlackedvarietyandwastoosadandslowtodanceto.盡管藍(lán)調(diào)音樂非常受歡迎，但作為一種音樂形式，它缺少變化，而且太傷感，節(jié)奏太慢，不適合跳舞時伴奏。③WhileIadmitthatthereareproblems,Idon’tagreethattheycannotbesolved.雖然我承認(rèn)存在一些問題，但我不同意這些問題無法解決?！径嗑S運用】(1)寫出下列句中黑體詞的含義①WhileIfindheralittleannoying,Ioftenhelpherout.__________②TheboymadesomegoodfriendswhilestudyinginFrance.__________③Asanoldsayinggoes,whilethere’slifethere’shope.__________(2)單句寫作④我姐姐在努力工作，而我哥哥經(jīng)常無所事事。__________________________________________________.15.句型公式：notonly...but(also)...“不但……而且……”教材原句：Now,notonlyareTanzanianshelpedbythehospital,butpeopleinneighbouringcountriesarehelpedaswell.翻譯：____________________________________________________________?！痉治鳇c撥】(1)notonly...but(also)...表示“不但……而且……”，連接平行結(jié)構(gòu)，如名詞、代詞、動詞(短語)、非謂語動詞、介詞短語、句子等。(2)notonly...but(also)...連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞與but(also)后的成分在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。(3)notonly...but(also)...連接兩個并列分句，且notonly位于句首時，notonly后的分句需部分倒裝，but(also)后的分句不用倒裝。e.g.①Notonlyisheakeengardener,butheisalsoafishcollector.他不僅熱衷于園藝，還是個魚類收藏家。②Notonlyshouldwekeepahealthydiet,butweshouldalsobalanceourstudiesandrelaxation.我們不僅要保持健康的飲食，也應(yīng)該平衡我們的學(xué)習(xí)和休息。③Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisenjoyingthefilm.

不僅學(xué)生們在欣賞這部影片，他們的老師也在欣賞這部影片?！径嗑S運用】(1)單句語法填空①Notonlyalittlegirlbutalsoadults__________(have)agrowingappetiteforjunkfoodnowadays.②Notonly__________(do)shemakeapromise,butshealsokeptit.(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換③HespeaksnotonlyEnglishandFrenchbutalsoSpanish.→____________________speakEnglishandFrenchbutalsoSpanish.(改為notonly位于句首的倒裝句)III.知識點精講：考點精析1.setsail起航；開航However,merchantsandexplorersfromtheEastsetsailfromeasttowestmanyyearsbeforeColumbusfirstdid.然而，在哥倫布首次起航之前許多年，東方的商人和探險家就已經(jīng)開始自東向西航行?！锴榫程骄縠.g.①WesetsailforFranceathightide.我們在漲潮時起航前往法國。②After

theCollegeEntranceExamination,

we

will

bidfarewellto

eachother

and

set

sail

for

anunknownfuture.

高考結(jié)束后，我們將告別彼此并啟航駛向未知的未來。③Thesurest

way

is

to

set

sail

in

one

direction

and

not

stop

until

you’re

home

again.

最為確定的方法是向一個方向航行，而且不要停止知道你回到家為止。★要點突破【歸納拓展】(1)setsailfor起航前往(2)setup建立；安裝好；設(shè)置；引發(fā)；產(chǎn)生setout出發(fā)；動身；啟航；開始工作(后接todosth)setoff動身；出發(fā)；引起；爆炸setabout開始；著手(后接doingsth)★學(xué)以致用【單句語法填空】①Theysetout__________(discover)acureforcancer.②Onarrivingthere,theysetabout__________(do)theexperiment.【完成句子】③In1891,attheageof17,____________________Alexandria,Egypt.1891年，也就是17歲那一年，他起航前往埃及的亞歷山大。2.extendvt.擴展；使伸長；延長AtradingrouteacrosstheseawasalsoextendedalongthecoastsoftheIndianOcean,centredaroundCeylon(nowSriLanka).以錫蘭(今斯里蘭卡)為中心的一條橫跨海洋的貿(mào)易路線沿印度洋海岸延伸?！锴榫程骄縠.g.①Thechapterextendstoahundredpages.這一章節(jié)長達(dá)100頁。②Thefoodindustry

wasgivena

green

lightto

extend

the

use

of

these

chemicals.

食品業(yè)獲準(zhǔn)擴大這些化學(xué)品的應(yīng)用范圍。③The

benefits

of

agrowth

mindset

of

interest

may

also

extend

to

those

seeking

employment.

興趣增長型思維的好處也可能延伸到那些尋求就業(yè)的人身上?！镆c突破【歸納拓展】extendinto擴大或延長到……extendover(使)持續(xù)；延續(xù)extendto(使)達(dá)到；伸展到★學(xué)以致用【單句語法填空】①TheancientRomansextendedtheirempire__________Asia.②Theexaminationsextend__________twoweeks.【完成句子】③Thereisaproposal______________________________.有人提議把這條路延伸到下一個村莊。3.negotiatevt.商定；達(dá)成(協(xié)議)vi.談判；磋商；協(xié)商Here,merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmettonegotiatetradedeals,whichalsoledtomoreawarenessofeachother’scultures.在這里，來自中國和許多其他地方的商人匯聚在一起，洽談貿(mào)易協(xié)議，這也增進了對彼此文化的認(rèn)識。★情境探究e.g.①Thetwosidesarenegotiatingaboutit.雙方就此事正在交涉。②Western

governmentshave

thisweek

urged

him

to

negotiate

and

avoid

force.

西方國家政府本周已敦促他進行談判并且避免使用武力。③We

areready

fordiscussions

with

any

legal

parties,

but

we’llnever

negotiate

with

criminals.

我們已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好和那些合法黨派進行洽談了，但我們是永遠(yuǎn)不會和那些罪犯談判的?！镆c突破【歸納拓展】negotiateabout/forsth就某事進行交涉negotiatesb/sthintosth/doingsth通過談判使……進入/做某事negotiatewithsb與某人進行交涉(以達(dá)成協(xié)議)★學(xué)以致用【單句語法填空】①Hesucceededinnegotiatinghiscountry__________theWTO.②Theyhavedecidedtonegotiate__________thebossabouttheirwageclaims.【單句寫作】③這兩個國家正在為和平解決進行談判。__________________________________________________.4.leaguen.等級；水平；聯(lián)合會；聯(lián)賽Thesefleetswereasighttobeholdandwereinaleagueoftheirownatthattime.這些船隊在當(dāng)時蔚為壯觀，獨領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷。★情境探究e.g.①Asawoodworker,BillwisheshewereinthesameleagueasCarl,whoisamastercarpenter.作為一名木工，比爾希望他能和卡爾水平相當(dāng)，成為像他一樣的木匠大師。②When

I

arrived,

the

team

was

bottom

ofthe

league

and

thewhole

placewasona

realdowner.

當(dāng)我到達(dá)時，這個隊伍在聯(lián)賽中墊底，整個氣氛令人感到沮喪。③Overthe

past

year,the

pany

has

joined

thebig

league.

去年一年中，公司已躋身一流之列?！镆c突破【歸納拓展】inaleagueofone’sown獨領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷inadifferentleague另一類型的人(物)inleaguewith和……聯(lián)合；和……勾結(jié)inthesameleague同一檔次(等級)outofsb’sleague不是某一類人；超出某人能力范圍★學(xué)以致用【單句語法填空】①Theyarenot__________thesameleague.②Heisabitout__________yourleague.③Heisprivatelyinleague__________somebandits.【單句寫作】④在運動會上，他跑在同學(xué)們的前面，獨領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷。______________________________________________________________________.5.withdrawvi.&vt.(withdrew,withdrawn)(使)撤回；撤離AlthoughChinawithdrewfromfurtherexpeditionsafter1433,theselandandsearoutesremainedactivechannelsbetweenotherculturesforcenturies.盡管1433年后中國停止了進一步的探索，但在隨后的幾個世紀(jì)里，這些陸地和海洋路線仍是與其他文化之間的活躍通道?！锴榫程骄縠.g.①Theyhavewithdrawntoasaferarea.他們已經(jīng)撤退到更為安全的地帶。②Thesmart

money

says

that

he’slikely

to

withdraw

from

the

leadership

campaign.

據(jù)知情者說，他很可能退出領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人競選。③Research

showsthat

many

depressed

people

tend

to

withdraw

intothemselves.

研究表明，許多抑郁的人傾向于沉默寡言?！镆c突破【歸納拓展】withdrawsb/sthfromsth把……從……撤回withdrawtosth退入；撤退到★學(xué)以致用【單句語法填空】①Shequicklywithdrewherhand__________thehotiron.②Wehavebeen__________(withdraw)fromthedangerarea.【完成句子】③TheInternetaddicts________________________________________ratherthanmunicatingwitharealperson.網(wǎng)癮者傾向于退縮到他們自己幻想的世界，而不是與真實的人交流。6.inhand在手頭；可供使用Hundredsofyearson,andwiththelatesttechnologyinhand,theneedtotradeandthedesiretoenhancerelationshipswilldriveChinatoreachoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.數(shù)百年過去了，由于擁有了最新技術(shù)，在貿(mào)易的必要性和增進關(guān)系的愿望的驅(qū)動下，中國將跨海越洋，邁向未來。★情境探究e.g.①Ialwayskeepadictionary(ready)athand.我經(jīng)常把詞典放在手邊。②Thebusiness

in

hand

wasapproaching

somekind

of

climax.

這件正在處理中的事情正接近某種關(guān)鍵時刻。③In

hand,

we

werehiking,

watching

thesea,

reading,

dancing,

travelling,

sharingand

bearing!

拉著手，我們一起登山、看海、閱讀、跳舞、遠(yuǎn)行，一起分享，一同承擔(dān)！★要點突破【歸納拓展】athand在手邊；在近處；即將到來byhand手工onhand在手邊(隨時可用)★學(xué)以致用【單句語法填空】①Myshoesweremade__________hand.②Theexaminationsarenear__________hand.【單句寫作】③我手里還有一些錢。________________________________________.7.professionn.職業(yè)；行業(yè)HenryNormanBethunedevotedhislifeandprofessiontohelpingpeoplewithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.亨利·諾爾曼·白求恩將他的生命和職業(yè)生涯都用來幫助人們，而不求任何回報?！锴榫程骄縠.g.①Asoftwareengineerbyprofession,Stevewasakeenloverofthepiano,andtheonlymusicianinhisfamily.史蒂夫的職業(yè)是軟件工程師，他酷愛鋼琴，是家中唯一的音樂家。②He

is

one

of

the

greatest

players

of

recent

timesandisacredit

to

his

profession.

他是近年來最棒的選手之一，是為他的職業(yè)增光的人。③His

linguistic

ability

servedhimwellinhis

chosen

profession.

他的語言能力對他所選擇的職業(yè)大有幫助?！镆c突破【歸納拓展】(1)professionaladj.專業(yè)的；職業(yè)的；職業(yè)性的n.專業(yè)人員；職業(yè)運動員(2)professorn.教授★學(xué)以致用【單句語法填空】①Givenyourbusyschedule,I’dbeveryappreciativeifyoucouldoffermesome__________(profession)advice.【完成句子】②____________________,workhardtobethebest!無論你選擇什么職業(yè)，努力做到最好吧！8.mixturen.混合；結(jié)合體；混合物Reachingoutacrosstheseaisoftenamixtureofdangerandboredom.遠(yuǎn)渡重洋往往既危險，又無聊。★情境探究e.g.①Thestyleconveysadistinctmixtureofsadness,pain,nostalgia,happinessandlove.這種風(fēng)格明顯地融合了悲傷、痛苦、懷舊、幸福感和愛。②If

prepared

many

hours

ahead,

the

mixture

may

separateout.

如果提前很多小時配制，這種混合物就可能會分離。③The

mixture

described

below

will

approximate

it,

but

isnot

exactly

the

same.

下面所描述的混合物會與之近似，但不完全一樣?！镆c突破【歸納拓展】(1)amixtureofsthandsth某物和某物的結(jié)合(2)mixvi.&vt.(使)混合；(使)摻和；(使)融合mixwith與……混合；融合mixAwithB＝mixAandB(together)把A與B混合起來/融合在一起mixup混淆；弄混；弄亂(3)mixedadj.混合的；混雜的★學(xué)以致用【單句語法填空】①Hewassonervousthathegotthespeechpagesall__________(mix)up.②Idon’tliketomixbusiness__________pleasure.【單句寫作】③我?guī)е环N既有趣，又難以置信的心情聽著他的冒險經(jīng)歷。____________________________________________________________.9.mercyn.仁慈；寬??；恩惠Althoughthiswasbannedin1982,somecountriesarestill“murdering”theseintelligentcreatureswithoutmercy.盡管早在1982年就已禁止，但有的國家仍在無情地“謀殺”這些聰明的生物?！锴榫程骄縠.g.①Havinglosttheengine’spower,theboatwasnowatthemercyofthewind.發(fā)動機壞了，這艘船現(xiàn)在任由大風(fēng)擺布。②My

husband

don’t

tell

me

whatto

do,

God

have

mercy

on

him.

我該干什么，我丈夫也沒有給我下過命令，愿上帝保佑他。③IfIofferit

four

times

aweek,

they

will

wipe

outtheir

Chinese

chef

without

mercy.

享用四次，她們會毫不客氣地把中國大廚掃地出門?！镆c突破【歸納拓展】(1)showmercytosb憐憫某人havemercyon對……表示憐憫atthemercyof任憑……的擺布；在……的支配中withoutmercy殘忍地；毫不留情地(2)mercifuladj.仁慈的；慈悲的；寬容的★學(xué)以致用【單句語法填空】①Heisgenerousand__________(mercy)tothosewhoareweakerthanhimself.②SopitifullydidshepleadthattheBarongrewcalmanddecidedtohavemercy__________her.【單句寫作】③這條船任憑急流擺布。________________________________________.10.possessionn.個人財產(chǎn)；擁有；控制Theseaishometolife,nothumanbeings’possessions.海洋是生命的家園，而不是人類的私產(chǎn)。★情境探究e.g.①Wedidn’ttakepossessionofthecaruntilafewdaysaftertheauction.拍賣會過后幾天，我們才真正擁有了那輛車。②All

customerstravellingon

TransLink

services

mustbe

in

possession

of

a

valid

ticket

before

boarding.

所有使用聯(lián)運服務(wù)的乘客在登機前必須持有有效機票。③Howhad

this

promising

picture

e

into

the

possession

of

the

press?

這張有損名聲的照片是怎么到了媒體手里的？★要點突破【歸納拓展】(1)beinpossessionofsth擁有/占有某物beinthepossessionofsb/beinone’spossession為某人所有；歸某人所有havepossessionof擁有eintopossessionof占有某物get/takepossessionof占領(lǐng)；奪取(2)possessvt.擁有；具有；控制(不用于進行時)★學(xué)以致用【單句語法填空】①Hehade__________possessionofalargefortune.②Doestheyoungmanstandingtherehavepossession__________thepany?【句型轉(zhuǎn)換】③Heisinpossessionofthehouse.→__________________________________________________.(物作主語)11.arrestn.逮捕；拘留；中止vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止A$5millionrewardhasbeenannouncedforinformationleadingtothearrestofthoseresponsibleforthemurder.一項500萬美元的懸賞已經(jīng)公布，以獲得逮捕那些對這起謀殺事件負(fù)責(zé)的人的信息?！锴榫程骄縠.g.①Anunusualpaintingarrestedhisattention.一幅異乎尋常的畫引起了他的注意。②Itisreported

that

thedriver

of

thetruc