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2019考研英語二試題
SectionIUseofEnglish
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand
markA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHET(10points)
Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificant
weightfluctuations1,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmore
thatit2二
Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmatoshiftmyfocusfrombeing
generallyhealthyandphysicallyactivetofocusing3onthescale.Thatwasbadto
myoverallfitnessgoals.Ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,butthinking
onlyof4thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram.That
conflictedwithhowIneededtotrainto5mygoals.
Ialsofoundthatweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate6ofthe
hardworkandprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoa
monthtonoticeanysignificantchangesinyourweight7alteringyourtraining
program.Themost8changeswillbeobservedinskilllevel,strengthand
incheslost.
Forthese9Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayandswitchedtoabimonthly
weighingschedule10.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal,itislessimportantforme
to11myweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmetoobserveand
12anysignificantweightchanges.ThattellsmewhetherIneedto13mytraining
program.
Iusemybimonthlyweight-in14togetinformationaboutmynutritionas
well.Ifmytrainingintensityremainsthesame,butI'mconstantly15anddropping
weight,thisisa16thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.
The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverall
health,fitnessandwell-being.I'mexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceI
nolongercarrytheburdenofa18morningweigh-in.I'vealsoexperiencedgreater
successinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals.19Tmtrainingaccordingtothose
goals,notthenumbersonascale.
Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoukook,feel,how
youclothesfitandyouroverallenergylevel.
1.A.ThereforeB.OtherwiseC.HoweverD.Besides
2.A.caresB.warnsC.reducesD.helps
3.AsolelyB.occasionallyC.formallyD.initially
4.AloweringB.recording
5.A.一
6.A.depictionB.distributionC.
7.A.regardlessofB.asidefromC.alongwithD.dueto
8.A.rigidB.preciseC.immediateD.orderly
9.reasonsC.methodsD.claims
10.A.thoughB.againD.instead
11.A.trackB.overlookreport
12.A.approveofB.holdontoforD.dependon
13.A.shareB.adjustC.confirmDprepare
14.A.featuresB.rulesresults
15.AanxiousB.D.bored
16.A.secretBbeliefC.signD.principle
17.A.necessityB.decisionrequest
18.A.surprisingB.restrictingC.consumingD.disappointing
19.A.becauseB.
20.A.dominatingB.obsessing
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartADirections
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtextby
choosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET(40points)
Text1
Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesa
littlelater,inconjunctionwithachild'sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.
Childrenaren'tbornknowinghowtosay"I'msorry^^;rather,theylearnovertimethat
suchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends-andtheirownconsciences.Thisiswhy
researchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagood
thing.
Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeply
uncomfortable-it'stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwithstones.
Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated."Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinking
aboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve,"saysAmrishaVaish,apsychology
researcherattheUniversityofVirginia,addingthatthisrevivalispartofalarger
recognitionthatemotionsaren'tbinary-feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinone
contextmaybeharmfulinanother.Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhave
evolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbedestructive.
Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,can
encouragehumanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,
canhelpholdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.
Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychology
professorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforan
emotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguilt
andsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharingSomekids
whoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,
whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:Highsympathycansubstitute
forlowguilt.
Ina2014study,forexample,Maltilookedat244childrenUsingcaregiver
assessmentsandthechildren'sself-observations,sheratedeachchild'soverall
sympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaftermoral
transgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachanceto
sharedthemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchthey
sharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-proneones
sharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn'tmagicallybecomemoresympathetictothe
otherchild'sdeprivation
"That'sgoodnews,nMaltisays."Wecanbeprosocialbecausewecausedharm
andwefeelregret.
21.Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelp
A)fosterachild'smoraldevelopment
B)regulateachild'sbasicemotions
C)improveachild9sintellectualability
D)intensityachild'spositivefeelings
22.Accordingtoparagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguilttobe
A)inexcusable
B)deception
C)addictive
D)burdensome
23.Vaishholdthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthat
A)emotionsaircontext-independent
B)anemotioncanplayopposingroles
C)emotionaresociallyconstructive
D)emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth
24.Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing___:
A.mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies
B.canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt
C.canbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction
D.maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveaets
25.Theword"transgressions"(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto
A.Teachings
B,discussions
C.Restrictions
D.D.wrongdoings
Text2
Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainst
climatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthe
changewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbon
thantheyabsorb.
Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap.butitinvolvesstrikingasubtle
balance.Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable"carbonsinks"longintothefuturemay
requirereducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow,Californiaisleadingtheway,as
itdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.
Thestate'sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoung
treesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carrying
capacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,so
theygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest'scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.
Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.Thelandscapeisrenderedless
easilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.
Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,drought
andinsectshavekilledoverlOOmilliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,
andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.
Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,00by
2030-financedfromtheproceedsofthestate1semissions-permitauctions,That's
onlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresin
all,soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.
Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromthe
forestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthat
wouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsis
alreadyunderway.
Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionally
they'vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Only
recentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.
Califormi^splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornextyear,should
serveasamodel.
26.Bysaying"oneoftheharderchallenges,"theauthorimpliesthat
A.globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol
B.peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarming
C.extremeweatherconditionsmayarise
D.forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreat
27.Tomaintainforestsasvaluable"carbonsinks,"wemayneedto
A.preservethediversityofspeciesinthem
B.acceleratethegrowthofyoungtrees
C.strikeabalanceamongdifferentplants
D.lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacity
28.California'sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto
A.cultivatemoredrought-resistanttrees
B.reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests
C.findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsects
D.restoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires
29.WhatisessentialtoCalifornia'splanaccordingtoParagraph5?
A.Tohandletheareasinseriousdangerfirst
B.Tocarryitoutbeforetheyearof2020
C.Toperfecttheemissions-permitauctions.
D.Toobtainenoughfinancialsupport
30.Theauthor'sattitudetoCalifornia'splancanbestbedescribedas__.
A.Ambiguous
B.Tolerant
C.Supportive
D.cautious
Text3
Americanfarmershavebeencomplainingoflaborshortagesforseveral
unlikelytostopwithoutanoverhaulofimmigrationrulesforfarmworks.
Congresshasobstructedeffortstocreateamorestraightforwardvisafor
consumerswillbethelosers.
workersenterthecountry,thecharacteristicsoftheagriculturalworkforceare
changing.Today'sfarmlaborers,whilestillpredominantlybominMexico,aremore
likelytobesettledratherthanmigratingandmorelikelytobemarriedthansingle,
They'realsoaging.Atthestartofthiscentury,aboutone-thirdofcropworkerswere
overtheageof35.Nowmorethanhalfare.Andpickingcropsishardonolderbodies.
Oneoft-debatedcureforthislaborshortageremainsasimplausibleasit'sbeenall
along:Nativebereturningtothefarm.
Mechanizationisnottheanswereither-notyet,atleast.Productionof
com,cotton,rice,soybeans,andwheathasbeenlargelymechanized,butmanyhigh-
value,labor-intensivecrops,suchasstrawberries,needlabor.Evendairyfarms,where
robotsdoasmallshareofmilking,havealongwaytogobeforethey'reautomated.
Asaresult,farmshavegrownincreasinglyreliantontemporaryguestworkers
usingtheH-2Avisatofillthegapsintheworkforce.Startingaround2012,requests
forthevisasrosesharply;from2011to2016thenumberofvisasissuedmorethan
doubled.
TheH-2Avisahasnonumericalcap,unliketheH-2Bvisafornonagricultural
workwhichislimitedto66,000ayear.Evenso,employerscomplaintheyaren't
OnesurveyfoundthatbureaucraticdelaysledtheaverageH-2Aworkertoarriveon
thejob22dayslate.Theshortageiscompoundedbyfederalimmigrationraids,which
removesomeworkersanddriveothersunderground.
Ina2012survey,71percentoftree-fruitgrowersandnearly80percentofraisin
andberrygrowerssaidtheywereshortoflabor.Somewesterngrowershave
respondedbymovingoperationstoMexico.FrompercentofthefruitAmericans
consumedwasimported.Littlemorethanadecadelater,theshareofimportedfruit
hadincreasedto
Ineffect,canimportfoodoritcanimporttheworkerswhopickit.
31.Whatproblemshouldbeaddressedaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?
A.Discriminationagainstforeignworkersinthe
B.BiasedlawsinfavorofsomeAmericanbusinesses.
C.Flawsinimmigrationrulesforfarmworkers.
D.Declineofjobopportunitiesinagriculture.
32.Onetroublewithagriculturalworkforceis
A.therisingnumberofillegalimmigrants
B.thehighmobilityofcropworkers
C.thelackofexperiencedlaborers
D.theagingofimmigrantfarmworkers
33,Whatisthemuch-arguedsolutiontothelaborshortageinfarming?
A.Toattractyoungerlaborerstofarmwork.
B.Togetnativeworkersbacktofarming.
C.Tousemorerobotstogrowhigh-valuecrops.
D.Tostrengthenfinancialsupportforfarmers.
34,AgriculturalemployerscomplainabouttheH-2Avisaforits
A.slowgrantingprocedures
B.limitondurationofstay
C.tightenedrequirements
D.controlofannualadmissions
35.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthistext?
A.AgricultureinDecline?
B.ImportFoodorLabor?
C.AmericaSavedbyMexico?
D.Manpowervs.Automation?
Text4
ArnoldSchwarzenegger,DiaMirzaandAdrianGrenierhaveamessageforyou:
It'seasytobeatplastic.They'repartofabunchofcelebritiesstarringinanewvideo
forWorldEnvironmentDayencouragingyou,theconsumer,toswapoutyoursingle-
useplasticstapleslikestrawsandcutlerytocombattheplasticscrisis.
ThekeymessagesthathavebeenputtogetherforWorldEnvironmentDaydo
includeacallforgovernmentstoenactlegislationtocurbsingle-useplastics.Butthe
overarchingmessageisdirectedatindividuals.
Myconcernwithleavingituptotheindividual,however,isourlimitedsenseof
whatneedstobeachieved.Ontheirown,takingourownbagstothegrocerystoreor
quittingplasticstraws,forexample,willaccomplishlittleandrequireverylittleofus.
Theycouldevenbedetrimental,satisfyinganeedtohave"doneourbit"withoutever
progressingontobigger,bolder,moreeffectiveactionsakindof"morallicensing"
thatallaysourconcernsandstopsusdoingmoreandaskingmoreofthoseincharge.
Whiletheconversationaroundourenvironmentandourresponsibilitytowardit
remainscenteredonshoppingbagsandstraws,we'reignoringthebalanceofpower
thatimpliesthatas"consumers"wemustshopsustainably,ratherthanas”citizens”
holdourgovernmentsandindustriestoaccounttopushforrealsystemicchange.
It*simportanttoacknowledgethattheenvironmentisn'teveryone'spriority-or
evenmostpeople's.Weshouldn'texpectittobe.Inherlatestbook,WhyGoodPeople
DoBadEnvironmentalThings,WellesleyCollegeprofessorElizabethR.DeSombre
arguesthatthebestwaytocollectivelychangethebehavioroflargenumbersof
peopleisforthechangetobestructural.
Thismightmeanimplementingpolicysuchasaplastictaxthataddsacostto
environmentallyproblematicaction,orbanningsingle-useplasticsaltogether.India
hasjustannounceditwill"eliminateallsingle-useplasticinthecountryby2022.”
Therearealsoincentive-basedwaysofmakingbetterenvironmentalchoiceseasier,
suchasensuringrecyclingisatleastaseasyastrashdisposal.
DeSombreisn'tsayingpeopleshouldstopcaringabouttheenvironment.It'sjust
thatindividualactionsaretooslow,shesays,forthattobetheonly,orevenprimary,
approachtochangingwidespreadbehavior.
Noneofthisisaboutwritingofftheindividual,It'sjustaboutputtingthingsinto
perspective.Wedon'thavetimetowait.Weneedprogressivepoliciesthatshape
collectiveaction(andreininpollutingbusinesses),alongsideengagedcitizens
pushingforchange.
36.Somecelebritiesstarinanewvideoto
A.demandnewlawsontheuseofplastics
B.urgeconsumerstocuttheuseofplastics
C.invitepublicopinionontheplasticscrisis
D.disclosethecausesoftheplasticscrisis
37.Theauthorisconcernedthatmorallicensing"may
A.misleadusintodoingworthlessthings
B.preventusfrommakingfurtherefforts
C.weakenoursenseofaccomplishment
D.suppressourdesireforsuccess
38.Bypointingoutouridentityas“citizensJ,theauthorindicatesthat
A;ourfocusshouldbeshiftedtocommunitywelfare
B:ourrelationshipwithlocalindustriesisimproving
C:Wehavebeenactivelyexercisingourcivilrights
D:Weshouldpressourgovernmenttoleadthecombat
39.DeSombrearguesthatthebestwayforacollectivechangeshouldbe
A:awin-winarrangement
B:aself-drivenmechanism
C:acost-effectiveapproach
D:atopdownprocess
40.Theauthorconcludesthatindividualefforts
A:canbetooaggressive
B:canbetooinconsistent
C:arefarfromsufficient
D:arefarfromrational
PartB
Directions:
Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext.Choosethemostsuitableheading
fromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Markyouranswersonthe
ANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Fivewaystomakeconversationwithanyone
Inchoosinganewhome,CamilleMeClain*skidshaveasingledemand:a
backyard.
MeClain'slittleonesaren'ttheonlykidswhohaveanopinionwhenitcomesto
housing,andinmanycasesyoungsters1viewsweighheavilyonparents*realestate
decisions,accordingtoa2018HarrisPollsurveyofmorethan2,000
Whilemorefamiliesbuckanolder-generationproclivitytoleavekidsinthedark
aboutrealestatedecisions,realtyagentsandpsychologistshavemixedviewsabout
thefinancial,personalandlong-termeffectskids*opinionsmayhave.
Theideaofinvolvingchildreninabigdecisionisagreatideabecauseitcanhelp
themfeelasenseofcontrolandownershipinwhatcanbeanoverwhelmingprocess,
saidRyanHooper,aclinicalpsychologistinChicago.
"Childrenmayfaceseriousdifficultiesincopingwithsignificantmoves,
especiallyifitremovesthemfromtheircurrentschoolorsupportsystem,"hesaid.
GregJaroszewski,arealestatebrokerswithGagliardoRealtyAssociates,said
he'snotconvincedthatkidsshouldbeinvolvedinselectingahome-buttheir
opinionsshouldbeconsideredinregardstoproximitytofriendsandsocialactivities,
ifpossible,
Youngerchildrenshouldfeellikethey'rechoosingtheirhome一withoutactually
gettingachoiceinthematter,saidAdamBailey,arealestateattorneybasedinNew
York.
Askingthemquestionsaboutwhattheylikeaboutthebackyardofapotential
homewillmakethemfeellikethey'rebeingincludedinthedecision-makingprocess,
Baileysaid.
Manyoftheaspectsofhomebuyingaren'taconsiderationforchildren,said
TraceyHampson,arealestateagentbasedinSantaClarita,Calif.Andplacingtoo
muchemphasisontheiropinionscanruinafantastichomepurchase.
"Speakingwithyourchildrenbeforeyoumakearealestatedecisioniswise,but
Iwouldn'tbasethepurchasingdecisionsolelyontheiropinions."Hampsonsaid.
Theotherissueisthatmanychildren-especiallyolderones—maybasetheirreal
estateknowledgeonHGTVshows,saidAaronNorrisofTheNorrisGroupin
Riverside,Calif
“TheyloveChipandJoannaGainesjustasmuchastherestofusJhesaid.
“HGTVhasseriouslychangedhowpeopleviewrealestate.Ifsnotshelter,it'sa
lifestyle.Withthatmindsetchangecomesomeseriousmoneyconsequences.n
Kidstendtogetstuckinthefeaturesandtheimmediatebenefitstothem
personally,Norrissaid.
Parentsneedtoremindtheirchildrenthattheirneeds,anddesiresmaychange
overtime,saidJulieGumer,arealestateanalystwith
"Theiropinionscanchangetomorrow,"Gumersaid."Harshasitmaybetosay,
thatdecisionshouldlikelynotbemadecontingentonachild'sopinions,butrather
madeforthemwithgreatconsiderationintowhathomecanmeettheirneedsbest—
andgivethemanopportunitytocustomizeitabitandmakeittheirown.”
Thisadviceismorerelevantnowthaneverbefore,evenasmoreparentswantto
embracetheideasoftheirchildren,despitethecurrenthousingcrunch.
A.remarksthatsignificantmovesmay
posechallengestochildren.
41,RyanHooperB.saysthatitiswisetoleavekidsinthe
darkaboutrealestatedecisions.
42.AdamBaileyC.advisesthathomepurchasesshould
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