高考英語一輪復習練案22必修4Module4GreatScientists練習含解析外研版

一輪復習精品資料(高中)PAGEPAGE1必修四Module4GreatScientistsⅠ.完形填空(2021·贛州市十四縣市聯(lián)考)Iamasocialworker.Iwantedtotelleveryoneaboutmyverydearfriendwhopassedawayafewmonthsago.Imethimmanyyearsagowhiledoingmyinternship(實習期)inthecountryprison.Hewas1.Caprogramhehaddesignedtohelpprisonerswithdrugandalcoholproblems.Hewasalways2.Bnewwaystobringhopeandhelptothesemenandtheir3.B.Oneofhisfavorite4.AwastheToyDrive.HewouldruneveryChristmasforthechildrenoftheprisoners.Hedidthisfortwentyyears5.Dhissuddendeath.AslastChristmas6.C，Idecidedthatthistraditionhadtobe7.C，forthechildrenaswellasthe8.Dofmyfriend.Butthefilewherehekeptthenamesofthepeoplewhohadbeenhelpedbyhimovertheyearswas9.D.Ihadtostartanew(重新)andwithverylittle10.A!Istartedmakingphonecalls,explainingabouttheprojectandmy11.A.Iprayedeverynightthattheeventwould,12.C，beworthyofmyfriend.Tomygreat13.C，individuals,churchesandbusinessesbegantocomeonboardand,14.A，Ihadenoughtoystogivetoallthechildrenoftheprisonerswithsomeleftoverforthelocalcommunity15.B！WhenChristmasEvefinallyarrived,Ifeltveryhappy,thinkingIhaddoneallIcoulddoandreflectingonwhata(n)16.Aithadbeenforme.Iwasbagginguptheremainingtoys17.Biftherewasanyoneleftwhomightlikethem.Thenmyphonerang.Itwasmydaughter.She18.DtoexplainaboutawomansheknewinKentuckywhohadfivechildren,oneseriouslyill,nohusband,noheatinginthehome,notoys!Oh!Whatcouldwedo?MydaughterandIdroveallnight,fromNewYorktoKentucky,andthosechildrenwokeupinanicewarmhousewithplentyof19.C！Myfriend's20.Aofkindnesslivedonthatyear,reachingthewaytoKentucky!文章大意：本文主要講述了作者多年前在實習期間被朋友幫助他人的精神所感動，而在朋友逝世后繼續(xù)朋友的活動以使朋友的精神得以延續(xù)的感人故事。1．A.recording B．a(chǎn)ttendingC．directing D．improving〖解析〗根據(jù)下文的“HewouldruneveryChristmasforthechildrenoftheprisoners.”，并與空后的“program”呼應可推知，作者的朋友當時負責這樣的一個項目。record“記錄；記載”；attend“參加；出席；到場”；improve“提升”；direct“負責；管理”。2．A.puttingupwith B．comingupwithC．keepingupwith D．catchingupwith〖解析〗根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示想出辦法。putupwith“忍受”；comeupwith“想出”；keepupwith“跟上”；catchupwith“趕上”。3．A.group B．familyC．company D．club〖解析〗根據(jù)下文的“HewouldruneveryChristmasforthechildrenoftheprisoners.”可推知，作者的朋友不僅幫助那些服刑的人，而且還幫助他們的家人。4．A.events B．sportsC．hobbies D．games〖解析〗根據(jù)下文的“Istartedmakingphonecalls，explainingabouttheproject”可推知，此處作者介紹了朋友最喜歡做的活動項目，與下文的“Iprayedeverynightthattheeventwould，12，beworthyofmyfriend.”。呼應。event“事件；活動”。5．A.after B．sinceC．because D．until〖解析〗根據(jù)語境可推知，作者的朋友堅持了20年，一直做這樣的活動，直到最后自己突然離世。6．A.arrived B．followedC．a(chǎn)pproached D．finished〖解析〗根據(jù)語境可知，朋友去世后，在上一個圣誕節(jié)來臨之際，作者準備把這個圣誕傳統(tǒng)繼續(xù)下去，且與下文的“WhenChristmasEvefinallyarrived”呼應。approach“臨近”。7．A.carriedout B．livedonC．carriedon D．livedout〖解析〗參見上題〖解析〗。carryout“實行”；liveon“以……為生”；carryon“繼續(xù)”；liveout“不住在工作場所；實現(xiàn)某事(指曾計劃或期望的事)”。8．A.benefit B．memoryC．pleasure D．favor〖解析〗上一個圣誕節(jié)來臨之際，為了孩子們，也為了朋友的善意行為，作者決定延續(xù)這一傳統(tǒng)。benefit“好處；益處”；memory“記憶”；pleasure“樂趣”；favor“善意的行為”。9．A.active B．extraC．hiding D．missing〖解析〗根據(jù)下文的“Ihadtostartanew(重新)andwithverylittle10.”可推知，之前朋友所幫助過的人的信息都丟失了，作者不得不重新獲取。extra“額外的；另外的”；missing“找不到的；丟失的”。10．A.time B．pressureC．energy D．confidence〖解析〗根據(jù)上文的“AslastChristmas6，Idecidedthatthistraditionhadtobe7，forthechildrenaswellasthe8ofmyfriend.”可知，圣誕節(jié)馬上來臨了，作者找到朋友幫助過的人的信息的時間并不多。pressure“壓力”；energy“能量”；confidence“信心”。11．A.difficulties B．impressionC．importance D．a(chǎn)tmosphere〖解析〗在時間緊、文件丟失的情況下，作者要繼續(xù)朋友生前的活動是困難的。impression“印象”；atmosphere“氣氛”。12．A.otherwise B．howeverC．somehow D．though〖解析〗根據(jù)語境可推知，作者每晚祈禱，這樣的活動能以某種方式配得上朋友。otherwise“否則；要不然”；somehow“以某種方式”。13．A.curiosity B．disappointmentC．relief D．thought〖解析〗根據(jù)下文的“individuals，churchesandbusinessesbegantocomeonboard”可推知，大家都來幫忙，因此作者很寬慰。curiosity“好奇心”；disappointment“失望”；relief“寬慰”。14．A.eventually B．occasionallyC．a(chǎn)bsolutely D．generally〖解析〗根據(jù)下文的“Ihadenoughtoys”可推知，作者在大家的幫助下，最終收集到了活動所需要的足夠多的玩具。eventually“最終”；occasionally“偶爾；偶然；間或”；absolutely“完全地；絕對地”；generally“總體上來說；大致”。15．A.inparticular B．a(chǎn)swellC．oncemore D．a(chǎn)tfirst〖解析〗根據(jù)上文的“withsomeleftoverforthelocalcommunity”可推知，作者收集到的玩具不僅夠活動本身用，還有剩余。inparticular“尤其；特別”；aswell“也”；oncemore“再一次”；atfirst“開始”。16．A.honor B．pityC．burden D．discovery〖解析〗根據(jù)上文的“Ifeltveryhappy”可推知，作者成功地舉辦了圣誕節(jié)活動，感覺能夠為逝去的朋友做些值得的事是很大的榮幸。honor“榮譽；榮幸”；pity“可惜”；burden“負擔”；discovery“發(fā)現(xiàn)”。17．A.predicting B．wonderingC．evaluating D．realizing〖解析〗根據(jù)上文的“Iwasbagginguptheremainingtoys”，并與本句中的if條件句呼應可推知，作者想知道是否有人喜歡剩余的玩具。predict“預計”；wonder“想知道”；evaluate“評估”；realize“實現(xiàn)；意識到”。18．A.drove B．cameC．returned D．called〖解析〗根據(jù)上文的“Thenmyphonerang.”和“Itwasmydaughter.”可知，是作者的女兒打來了電話。19．A.chocolates B．candiesC．toys D．flowers〖解析〗根據(jù)語境可推知，作者和女兒一路驅車去很遠的地方給孩子們送圣誕節(jié)玩具。20．A.spirit B．positionC．courage D．a(chǎn)ttention〖解析〗根據(jù)上文可知，作者的朋友已經(jīng)逝世，作者通過把其生前的活動繼續(xù)下去，讓這種仁慈的精神繼續(xù)存活。spirit“精神”。Ⅱ.閱讀理解(2020·石家莊市一模)WhenGitanjaliRaosharedhowshelikes“findingsolutionstorealproblems”，itwashardtoimaginethisdynamicgirlcouldsettleaproblemthathadescapedscientistsforyears.Injustthreemonths,Raocameupwithadevice(裝置)thatcanreplacethecostlyandlengthytestscurrentlyusedtoreliablydetermineleadlevelsinourfreshwater.Inspiredbythecurrentlitigation(訴訟)inFlint,Michigan,acaseofwaterpollutionfrom2014untilpresent,Raodesignedanewtestingsystemthatresultedinherbeingnamed“America'stopyoungscientist”for2017.Raohadbeenfollowingthewaterproblemforabouttwoyears.Shewasamazedbythenumberofpeopleaffectedbyleadpollutioninwaterandwantedtodosomethingtochangethis.Raospentmonthstryingtoconvincelocalhighschoolsandcollegestogiveherlabtimetocontinueherexperiment.Athome,Raoworkedonherprojectinthe“scienceroom”sheaskedherparentstocreateforher.Raohascreatedadevicethatusesthreeparts:acartridge,aBluetoothreaderandanapp.Toputitsimply,thecartridgecontainscarbonnanotubes(納米管)thatreacttolead.ThisreactionisthenregisteredbytheBluetoothreader,whichsendsasignaltoamobileappthatcantellyouimmediatelyifyourwaterissafetodrink.RaoappropriatelynamedthedeviceTethysandishopingtomakealittleimprovementtogetthedeviceonthemarket.Whilewemaynotbeawareofanyleadpollutionpresentinouragingpipelines,leadpoisoningcancausedelaysinphysicalandmentaldevelopment.WithRaobelievingthatthe“purposeofscienceistomakeadifference”，herincredibleinventioncouldmakeadifferencetomillionsofpeopleintheUnitedStates.文章大意：該文主要介紹了一個女孩發(fā)明了一款可以檢測水中鉛水平的裝置，從而解決了一個科學家多年來忽視的問題。1．WhatdoweknowaboutRao'sdevice？AA．It'scheapandquick.B．It'scheapandinaccurate.C．It'sexpensiveandreliable.D．It'sportableandtime-consuming.〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Injustthreemonths,Raocameupwithadevice(裝置)thatcanreplacethecostlyandlengthytestscurrentlyusedtoreliablydetermineleadlevelsinourfreshwater.”可推知，與以前又貴又費時的設備相比，Rao所發(fā)明的設備既便宜又省時。與第三段最后一句“ThisreactionisthenregisteredbytheBluetoothreader,whichsendsasignaltoamobileappthatcantellyouimmediatelyifyourwaterissafetodrink.”相呼應。故選A。2．WhatmadeRaohavetheideaofdesigningthedevice？DA．Herparents'suggestions.B．Herdesireforwinningtheaward.C．Herinterestinsettlingrealproblems.D．ThewaterpollutionlitigationinFlint.〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Inspiredbythecurrentlitigation(訴訟)inFlint,Michigan,acaseofwaterpollutionfrom2014untilpresent,Raodesignedanewtestingsystemthatresultedinherbeingnamed‘America'stopyoungscientist’for2017.”可知，Rao設計測試水中鉛水平的裝置的想法是受一個水污染訴訟的啟發(fā)。故選D。3．Whatdothecarbonnanotubesfunctionas？BA．Sendingimmediatesignals.B．Detectingthepresenceoflead.C．Recordingthereactionresults.D．Showingthewaterqualityresults.〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Toputitsimply,thecartridgecontainscarbonnanotubes(納米管)thatreacttolead.”可推知，這個碳納米管是可以對鉛起反應的，因此可以檢測出水中是否含有鉛。故選B。4．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofRao'sinvention？BA．ItwillleadRaotomakeafortune.B．ItwillhelpmillionsofAmericansdrinksafewater.C．ItwillpromotethedevelopmentofscienceinAmerica.D．Itwillsoonsettlethelead-pollutedproblemthoroughly.〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Whilewemaynotbeawareofanyleadpollutionpresentinouragingpipelines,leadpoisoningcancausedelaysinphysicalandmentaldevelopment.”“herincredibleinventioncouldmakeadifferencetomillionsofpeopleintheUnitedStates”和對本段的整體理解可推知，作者認為Rao的發(fā)明可以幫助人們快速檢測出水是否含有鉛，從而可以大大提高人們飲用水的安全性，意義重大。故選B。Ⅲ.七選五根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余項。(2020·江西省名校高三聯(lián)考)Areyouhappywithyourappearance?1.B“Almostallthegirlswithsingle-foldeyelids(單眼皮)inourclasshavehaddoubleeyelidoperations，”Zeng,aSenior2studentfromChengdu,toldXinhua.Zenghadthesamesurgerydonethissummer.2.EFrompopularphoto-editingappstoplasticsurgery(整形手術),itseemsthatlargeeyes,paleskinandaskinnybodyaretheonlystandardforbeautythesedays.Butcanfollowingthisstandardreallymakeusfeelgoodaboutourselves?3.CAccordingtoHuxiuNews,oversixintengirlschoosenottotakepartincertaindailyactivities,suchasattendingschool,becausetheyfeelbadabouttheirlooks.Asmuchas31percentofteenagersavoidspeakingupinclassbecausetheyworrythatotherswillnoticetheirlooks.Manyteenagersareupsetabouttheirappearancebecausetheybelieveinunrealisticstandardsofbeauty,expertssay.4.GSeeingallthesethingscanmakeanyonebelievethatthey'retoodark,toofat,tooshort,ortootall.However,tryingtoliveuptostrictstandardscanmakeusfeelanxious.Whattroublesusisnotjustour“imperfect”looks,butthefactthatwecriticizeourselvestoomuch.5.APlus-sizemodelsarebeingfeaturedinsomefashionshows.Allofusshouldbejustasconfidentastheyare.A．Beautycomesinallshapesandsizes.B．Someteenagersmightfeelnegativeabouttheirappearance.C．Bodyimageanxietyiscommonamongteenagers.D．Guyscarejustasmuchasgirlsdoabouttheirbodyimage.E．Sheandmanyofherclassmatesbelievebiggereyeslookmorebeautiful.F．It'scommonforteenagerstofeelconfidentabouttheirappearance.G．Perfectfacesandbodiesareeverywhereinadvertising,TVshowsandsocialmedia.文章大意：本文主要討論了青少年如何看待自己的外貌，鼓勵青少年要對自己的外貌有信心，美的形式各有不同。〖解析〗1．承接上文“Areyouhappywithyourappearance？”并結合選項可知，選項B對此問題作出了回應。所以選用B選項。2．根據(jù)語境及空前一句“Zenghadthesamesurgerydonethissummer.”可知，Zeng也做了雙眼皮手術。故E項“她和許多同學認為大眼睛看起來更漂亮。”符合語境，承接上文。3．本段主要講的是很多青少年對自己的外貌不滿意，甚至感到焦慮。故C項“外貌焦慮在青少年中很普遍?！边m合作本段主題句。4．根據(jù)空后的“Seeingallthesethingscanmakeanyonebelievethatthey'retoodark，toofat，tooshort，ortootall.”，并結合上文“unrealisticstandardsofbeauty”可推知，通過與非現(xiàn)實的美形成對比，許多青少年對自己的外貌有自卑感，與選項G的內容聯(lián)系緊密。所以選用G選項。5．根據(jù)下文“Allofusshouldbejustasconfidentastheyare.”可知，本段主要講的是要對自己的外貌有信心，美的形式多種多樣，而不是只有一個標準。所以選用A選項。Ⅳ.語法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬热?1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。Hardlycanyousucceed1.indoingsomethingperfectlythefirsttimeyoudoit.2.Therefore/Thus，whenyoudosomethingforthefirsttime，itistimetogiveuptheideaofperfection.IrememberthefirsttimeI3.drove(drive)acarintrafficaftergettingmydriver'slicense.Iwasverynervousinthatheavytraffic—mydrivingstyleshowedthatIwasn'taveryconfidentdriver.NowI'mmuchmore4.experienced(experience)asadriver.5.Though/Although/WhileIstilldon'tconsidermyselfaperfectone，I'mmuchmoreconfidentbehindthewheelthan6.whatIwaswhenIstarted.Ingeneral，7.itisuselessworkinghardfordoingsomethingperfectlywhenyoudoitforthefirsttime.Youaresettingthebarsohighthatyoujustfeelbadwhenyouare8.unable(able)tomeetthelevelyouhaveset.Also，perfectionisjustanotherway9.todelay(delay)，sotryingtobeperfectisjust10.awasteoftime.Youshouldworkhardforexcellenceinstead.文章大意：本文利用自己的經(jīng)歷來說明第一次做某事的時候不要追求完美，追求完美不僅會耽誤事情，也會浪費時間?！冀馕觥?．考查介詞。句意：第一次做某事的時候是幾乎不可能做到完美的。succeedindoingsth.意為“成功做某事”，為固定搭配。故填in。2．考查副詞。句意：因此，當你第一次做某事的時候，也就是你要放棄完美的時候。根據(jù)兩個句子之間的關系可知，此處應是表示結果的副詞，又因為空格后面的標點符號是逗號。故填Therefore或Thus。3．考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：我記得在我拿到駕照后第一次開車。句中的thefirsttime引導的時間狀語從句描述的是過去發(fā)生的事情，所以要用一般過去時。故填drove。4．考查形容詞。句意：現(xiàn)在我開車熟練多了。分析句子結構可知，此處應是形容詞作表語。故填experienced。5．Though/Although/While考查連詞。句意：雖然我現(xiàn)在仍然認為自己不完美，但是現(xiàn)在比剛開始開車的時候自信了很多。句子前后兩部分是轉折關系，所以此處應填引導讓步狀語從句的連詞。故填Though/Although/While。6．考查名詞性從句。句意見上一題〖解析〗。根據(jù)句子結構及句意可知than后面的句子中缺少表語。故填連接代詞what。7．考查代詞。句意：通常情況下，當你第一次做某事時，努力要做到完美是沒有用的。Itisuselessdoingsth.意為“做某事是沒有用的”，為固定句型，it是形式主語，后面的動名詞是真正的主語。故填it。8．考查詞形轉換。句意：你設定的目標太高，以至于當你不能達到這一標準時，你會感到難過。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應該是表示否定的意思，所以要用able的反義詞。故填unable。9．考查非謂語動詞。句意：而且，完美是另外一種耽誤時間的方式……way意為“方式；方法”時，后面常用動詞不定式作定語。故填todelay。10．考查冠詞。句意：……所以，努力想要達到完美只是浪費時間。awasteoftime意為“浪費時間”，為固定搭配。故填a。必修四Module4GreatScientistsⅠ.完形填空(2021·贛州市十四縣市聯(lián)考)Iamasocialworker.Iwantedtotelleveryoneaboutmyverydearfriendwhopassedawayafewmonthsago.Imethimmanyyearsagowhiledoingmyinternship(實習期)inthecountryprison.Hewas1.Caprogramhehaddesignedtohelpprisonerswithdrugandalcoholproblems.Hewasalways2.Bnewwaystobringhopeandhelptothesemenandtheir3.B.Oneofhisfavorite4.AwastheToyDrive.HewouldruneveryChristmasforthechildrenoftheprisoners.Hedidthisfortwentyyears5.Dhissuddendeath.AslastChristmas6.C，Idecidedthatthistraditionhadtobe7.C，forthechildrenaswellasthe8.Dofmyfriend.Butthefilewherehekeptthenamesofthepeoplewhohadbeenhelpedbyhimovertheyearswas9.D.Ihadtostartanew(重新)andwithverylittle10.A!Istartedmakingphonecalls,explainingabouttheprojectandmy11.A.Iprayedeverynightthattheeventwould,12.C，beworthyofmyfriend.Tomygreat13.C，individuals,churchesandbusinessesbegantocomeonboardand,14.A，Ihadenoughtoystogivetoallthechildrenoftheprisonerswithsomeleftoverforthelocalcommunity15.B！WhenChristmasEvefinallyarrived,Ifeltveryhappy,thinkingIhaddoneallIcoulddoandreflectingonwhata(n)16.Aithadbeenforme.Iwasbagginguptheremainingtoys17.Biftherewasanyoneleftwhomightlikethem.Thenmyphonerang.Itwasmydaughter.She18.DtoexplainaboutawomansheknewinKentuckywhohadfivechildren,oneseriouslyill,nohusband,noheatinginthehome,notoys!Oh!Whatcouldwedo?MydaughterandIdroveallnight,fromNewYorktoKentucky,andthosechildrenwokeupinanicewarmhousewithplentyof19.C！Myfriend's20.Aofkindnesslivedonthatyear,reachingthewaytoKentucky!文章大意：本文主要講述了作者多年前在實習期間被朋友幫助他人的精神所感動，而在朋友逝世后繼續(xù)朋友的活動以使朋友的精神得以延續(xù)的感人故事。1．A.recording B．a(chǎn)ttendingC．directing D．improving〖解析〗根據(jù)下文的“HewouldruneveryChristmasforthechildrenoftheprisoners.”，并與空后的“program”呼應可推知，作者的朋友當時負責這樣的一個項目。record“記錄；記載”；attend“參加；出席；到場”；improve“提升”；direct“負責；管理”。2．A.puttingupwith B．comingupwithC．keepingupwith D．catchingupwith〖解析〗根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示想出辦法。putupwith“忍受”；comeupwith“想出”；keepupwith“跟上”；catchupwith“趕上”。3．A.group B．familyC．company D．club〖解析〗根據(jù)下文的“HewouldruneveryChristmasforthechildrenoftheprisoners.”可推知，作者的朋友不僅幫助那些服刑的人，而且還幫助他們的家人。4．A.events B．sportsC．hobbies D．games〖解析〗根據(jù)下文的“Istartedmakingphonecalls，explainingabouttheproject”可推知，此處作者介紹了朋友最喜歡做的活動項目，與下文的“Iprayedeverynightthattheeventwould，12，beworthyofmyfriend.”。呼應。event“事件；活動”。5．A.after B．sinceC．because D．until〖解析〗根據(jù)語境可推知，作者的朋友堅持了20年，一直做這樣的活動，直到最后自己突然離世。6．A.arrived B．followedC．a(chǎn)pproached D．finished〖解析〗根據(jù)語境可知，朋友去世后，在上一個圣誕節(jié)來臨之際，作者準備把這個圣誕傳統(tǒng)繼續(xù)下去，且與下文的“WhenChristmasEvefinallyarrived”呼應。approach“臨近”。7．A.carriedout B．livedonC．carriedon D．livedout〖解析〗參見上題〖解析〗。carryout“實行”；liveon“以……為生”；carryon“繼續(xù)”；liveout“不住在工作場所；實現(xiàn)某事(指曾計劃或期望的事)”。8．A.benefit B．memoryC．pleasure D．favor〖解析〗上一個圣誕節(jié)來臨之際，為了孩子們，也為了朋友的善意行為，作者決定延續(xù)這一傳統(tǒng)。benefit“好處；益處”；memory“記憶”；pleasure“樂趣”；favor“善意的行為”。9．A.active B．extraC．hiding D．missing〖解析〗根據(jù)下文的“Ihadtostartanew(重新)andwithverylittle10.”可推知，之前朋友所幫助過的人的信息都丟失了，作者不得不重新獲取。extra“額外的；另外的”；missing“找不到的；丟失的”。10．A.time B．pressureC．energy D．confidence〖解析〗根據(jù)上文的“AslastChristmas6，Idecidedthatthistraditionhadtobe7，forthechildrenaswellasthe8ofmyfriend.”可知，圣誕節(jié)馬上來臨了，作者找到朋友幫助過的人的信息的時間并不多。pressure“壓力”；energy“能量”；confidence“信心”。11．A.difficulties B．impressionC．importance D．a(chǎn)tmosphere〖解析〗在時間緊、文件丟失的情況下，作者要繼續(xù)朋友生前的活動是困難的。impression“印象”；atmosphere“氣氛”。12．A.otherwise B．howeverC．somehow D．though〖解析〗根據(jù)語境可推知，作者每晚祈禱，這樣的活動能以某種方式配得上朋友。otherwise“否則；要不然”；somehow“以某種方式”。13．A.curiosity B．disappointmentC．relief D．thought〖解析〗根據(jù)下文的“individuals，churchesandbusinessesbegantocomeonboard”可推知，大家都來幫忙，因此作者很寬慰。curiosity“好奇心”；disappointment“失望”；relief“寬慰”。14．A.eventually B．occasionallyC．a(chǎn)bsolutely D．generally〖解析〗根據(jù)下文的“Ihadenoughtoys”可推知，作者在大家的幫助下，最終收集到了活動所需要的足夠多的玩具。eventually“最終”；occasionally“偶爾；偶然；間或”；absolutely“完全地；絕對地”；generally“總體上來說；大致”。15．A.inparticular B．a(chǎn)swellC．oncemore D．a(chǎn)tfirst〖解析〗根據(jù)上文的“withsomeleftoverforthelocalcommunity”可推知，作者收集到的玩具不僅夠活動本身用，還有剩余。inparticular“尤其；特別”；aswell“也”；oncemore“再一次”；atfirst“開始”。16．A.honor B．pityC．burden D．discovery〖解析〗根據(jù)上文的“Ifeltveryhappy”可推知，作者成功地舉辦了圣誕節(jié)活動，感覺能夠為逝去的朋友做些值得的事是很大的榮幸。honor“榮譽；榮幸”；pity“可惜”；burden“負擔”；discovery“發(fā)現(xiàn)”。17．A.predicting B．wonderingC．evaluating D．realizing〖解析〗根據(jù)上文的“Iwasbagginguptheremainingtoys”，并與本句中的if條件句呼應可推知，作者想知道是否有人喜歡剩余的玩具。predict“預計”；wonder“想知道”；evaluate“評估”；realize“實現(xiàn)；意識到”。18．A.drove B．cameC．returned D．called〖解析〗根據(jù)上文的“Thenmyphonerang.”和“Itwasmydaughter.”可知，是作者的女兒打來了電話。19．A.chocolates B．candiesC．toys D．flowers〖解析〗根據(jù)語境可推知，作者和女兒一路驅車去很遠的地方給孩子們送圣誕節(jié)玩具。20．A.spirit B．positionC．courage D．a(chǎn)ttention〖解析〗根據(jù)上文可知，作者的朋友已經(jīng)逝世，作者通過把其生前的活動繼續(xù)下去，讓這種仁慈的精神繼續(xù)存活。spirit“精神”。Ⅱ.閱讀理解(2020·石家莊市一模)WhenGitanjaliRaosharedhowshelikes“findingsolutionstorealproblems”，itwashardtoimaginethisdynamicgirlcouldsettleaproblemthathadescapedscientistsforyears.Injustthreemonths,Raocameupwithadevice(裝置)thatcanreplacethecostlyandlengthytestscurrentlyusedtoreliablydetermineleadlevelsinourfreshwater.Inspiredbythecurrentlitigation(訴訟)inFlint,Michigan,acaseofwaterpollutionfrom2014untilpresent,Raodesignedanewtestingsystemthatresultedinherbeingnamed“America'stopyoungscientist”for2017.Raohadbeenfollowingthewaterproblemforabouttwoyears.Shewasamazedbythenumberofpeopleaffectedbyleadpollutioninwaterandwantedtodosomethingtochangethis.Raospentmonthstryingtoconvincelocalhighschoolsandcollegestogiveherlabtimetocontinueherexperiment.Athome,Raoworkedonherprojectinthe“scienceroom”sheaskedherparentstocreateforher.Raohascreatedadevicethatusesthreeparts:acartridge,aBluetoothreaderandanapp.Toputitsimply,thecartridgecontainscarbonnanotubes(納米管)thatreacttolead.ThisreactionisthenregisteredbytheBluetoothreader,whichsendsasignaltoamobileappthatcantellyouimmediatelyifyourwaterissafetodrink.RaoappropriatelynamedthedeviceTethysandishopingtomakealittleimprovementtogetthedeviceonthemarket.Whilewemaynotbeawareofanyleadpollutionpresentinouragingpipelines,leadpoisoningcancausedelaysinphysicalandmentaldevelopment.WithRaobelievingthatthe“purposeofscienceistomakeadifference”，herincredibleinventioncouldmakeadifferencetomillionsofpeopleintheUnitedStates.文章大意：該文主要介紹了一個女孩發(fā)明了一款可以檢測水中鉛水平的裝置，從而解決了一個科學家多年來忽視的問題。1．WhatdoweknowaboutRao'sdevice？AA．It'scheapandquick.B．It'scheapandinaccurate.C．It'sexpensiveandreliable.D．It'sportableandtime-consuming.〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Injustthreemonths,Raocameupwithadevice(裝置)thatcanreplacethecostlyandlengthytestscurrentlyusedtoreliablydetermineleadlevelsinourfreshwater.”可推知，與以前又貴又費時的設備相比，Rao所發(fā)明的設備既便宜又省時。與第三段最后一句“ThisreactionisthenregisteredbytheBluetoothreader,whichsendsasignaltoamobileappthatcantellyouimmediatelyifyourwaterissafetodrink.”相呼應。故選A。2．WhatmadeRaohavetheideaofdesigningthedevice？DA．Herparents'suggestions.B．Herdesireforwinningtheaward.C．Herinterestinsettlingrealproblems.D．ThewaterpollutionlitigationinFlint.〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Inspiredbythecurrentlitigation(訴訟)inFlint,Michigan,acaseofwaterpollutionfrom2014untilpresent,Raodesignedanewtestingsystemthatresultedinherbeingnamed‘America'stopyoungscientist’for2017.”可知，Rao設計測試水中鉛水平的裝置的想法是受一個水污染訴訟的啟發(fā)。故選D。3．Whatdothecarbonnanotubesfunctionas？BA．Sendingimmediatesignals.B．Detectingthepresenceoflead.C．Recordingthereactionresults.D．Showingthewaterqualityresults.〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Toputitsimply,thecartridgecontainscarbonnanotubes(納米管)thatreacttolead.”可推知，這個碳納米管是可以對鉛起反應的，因此可以檢測出水中是否含有鉛。故選B。4．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofRao'sinvention？BA．ItwillleadRaotomakeafortune.B．ItwillhelpmillionsofAmericansdrinksafewater.C．ItwillpromotethedevelopmentofscienceinAmerica.D．Itwillsoonsettlethelead-pollutedproblemthoroughly.〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Whilewemaynotbeawareofanyleadpollutionpresentinouragingpipelines,leadpoisoningcancausedelaysinphysicalandmentaldevelopment.”“herincredibleinventioncouldmakeadifferencetomillionsofpeopleintheUnitedStates”和對本段的整體理解可推知，作者認為Rao的發(fā)明可以幫助人們快速檢測出水是否含有鉛，從而可以大大提高人們飲用水的安全性，意義重大。故選B。Ⅲ.七選五根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余項。(2020·江西省名校高三聯(lián)考)Areyouhappywithyourappearance?1.B“Almostallthegirlswithsingle-foldeyelids(單眼皮)inourclasshavehaddoubleeyelidoperations，”Zeng,aSenior2studentfromChengdu,toldXinhua.Zenghadthesamesurgerydonethissummer.2.EFrompopularphoto-editingappstoplasticsurgery(整形手術),itseemsthatlargeeyes,paleskinandaskinnybodyaretheonlystandardforbeautythesedays.Butcanfollowingthisstandardreallymakeusfeelgoodaboutourselves?3.CAccordingtoHuxiuNews,oversixintengirlschoosenottotakepartincertaindailyactivities,suchasattendingschool,becausetheyfeelbadabouttheirlooks.Asmuchas31percentofteenagersavoidspeakingupinclassbecausetheyworrythatotherswillnoticetheirlooks.Manyteenagersareupsetabouttheirappearancebecausetheybelieveinunrealisticstandardsofbeauty,expertssay.4.GSeeingallthesethingscanmakeanyonebelievethatthey'retoodark,toofat,tooshort,ortootall.However,tryingtoliveuptostrictstandardscanmakeusfeelanxious.Whattroublesusisnotjustour“imperfect”looks,butthefactthatwecriticizeourselvestoomuch.5.APlus-sizemodelsarebeingfeaturedinsomefashionshows.Allofusshouldbejustasconfidentastheyare.A．Beautycomesinallshapesandsizes.B．Someteenagersmightfeelnegativeabouttheirappearance.C．Bodyimageanxietyiscommonamongteenagers.D．Guyscarejustasmuchasgirlsdoabouttheirbodyimage.E．Sheandmanyofherclassmatesbelievebiggereyeslookmorebeautiful.F．It'scommonfortee