高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)練案35選修6Module5Cloning練習(xí)含解析外研版

一輪復(fù)習(xí)精品資料(高中)PAGEPAGE1選修六Module5CloningⅠ.閱讀理解A(2021·河南省九師聯(lián)盟質(zhì)檢)AsspringadvancesacrosstheMidwest,anewstudylookingatblooming(盛開的)flowerssuggestsnon-nativeplantsmightlivelongerthannativeplantsduetoclimatechange.Thestudy—ledbyresearchersatIndianaUniversityandMichiganStateUniversity—hasshownwarmingtemperaturesaffectnativeandnon-nativefloweringplantsdifferently,whichcouldchangethelookoflocalplaceovertime.“Whenaplantflowersdetermineswhetheritwillbepollinated(授粉)bybeesorotherinsectsandhowmuchtimeitwillhavetoproduceseeds.Ourdatamakesmeworrythatwewillhaveaveryweedyworldinourfuture，”saidthestudy'sleadauthorJenLau,anassociateprofessorinIndianaUniversity.Theresearchers'findingssuggestnon-nativeplantsmaybebetteratshiftingtheirfloweringtimecomparedtonativeplants.Thesedifferencesarethoughttoinfluenceaplant'ssuccessbothnowandinfuturewarmerenvironments.Lauandherstudentssimulated(模擬)globalwarminginfieldsplantedwith45nativeandnon-nativeplants.Someareaswerewarmedbyinfrared(紅外線的)heaters,whileotherareaswerenot.Lau'slabsurveyedallplantstodeterminewhentheyfirstfloweredandhowlongtheyflowered.WhenplantsweregrowninwarmedplotssimulatingtheclimatechangeexpectedintheMidwestbytheendofthecentury,theresearchersfoundthatnon-nativeplantsfloweredmorethan11daysearlieronaverage.Incontrast,nativeplantsdidn'tchangefloweringtimesatallwhenwarmed.Theyalsofoundearlier-floweringnon-nativeplantshadgreatergeographicspread,suggestingthatfloweringearliermayhelppromotesuccessfuloccupationacrosslargeareas.Thefindingssuggestimportantdifferencesinhownativeandnon-nativeplantsrespondtoclimatechange.文章大意：本文是一篇科普說明文。一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，本土植物比非本土植物更易受氣候變化的影響。1．Whatdoesthenewstudyfindaboutnativeplantscomparedwithnon-natives？DA．Theymayhavealongerlifecycle.B．Theyarelikelytohavemoreflowers.C．Theyaremoreadaptabletoclimatechange.D．Theymaybeatgreaterriskfromclimatechange.〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“...anewstudylookingatblooming(盛開的)flowerssuggestsnon-nativeplantsmightlivelongerthannativeplantsduetoclimatechange.”可知，跟非本土植物相比，氣候變化給本土植物帶來的危險(xiǎn)更大。故選D。2．WhatdoJenLau'swordsinparagraph2suggest？CA．She'squitesurethataweedyworldiswaitingforus.B．Plantsmaylosetheabilitytoflowerinthefuture.C．Thetimingofaplant'sfloweringiskeytoitslifecycle.D．Aplant'sfloweringtimealmosthasnoeffectonitspollination.〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“‘Whenaplantflowersdetermineswhetheritwillbepollinated(授粉)bybeesorotherinsectsandhowmuchtimeitwillhavetoproduceseeds.’”可知，植物的開花時(shí)間決定了它是否會被蜜蜂授粉以及它將有多少時(shí)間來產(chǎn)生種子。由此可推斷，植物的開花時(shí)間是它生命周期的關(guān)鍵。故選C。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shifting”inparagraph3probablymean？AA．Changing. B．Postponing.C．Arranging. D．Predicting.〖解析〗詞意猜測題。畫線詞所在句子句意表示“研究人員的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明非本土植物可能比本土植物更擅長它們的開花時(shí)間”，再根據(jù)第五段“...theresearchersfoundthatnon-nativeplantsfloweredmorethan11daysearlieronaverage.Incontrast,nativeplantsdidn'tchangefloweringtimesatallwhenwarmed.”可推斷，畫線詞義為“改變”。故選A。4．Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout？BA．Howglobalwarmingaffectedplantspecies.B．Howtheresearcherstestedtheirsupposition.C．Howtokeepthewarmthoftheplantedfields.D．Howtodeterminethefloweringtimesofplants.〖解析〗段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Thesedifferencesarethoughttoinfluenceaplant'ssuccessbothnowandinfuturewarmerenvironments.”及第四段中提到“模擬全球變暖”和“用紅外線加熱器”等可推斷，第四段主要講述的是研究人員是如何測試他們的假設(shè)的。故選B。BNewresearchshowsthatpeoplewithblueeyeshaveasingle,commonancestor.AteamattheUniversityofCopenhagenhavetrackeddownageneticmutation(突變)whichtookplace6,000－10,000yearsagoandisthecauseottheeyecolourofallblue-eyedhumansaliveontheplanettoday.“Originally,weallhadbrowneyes，”saidProfessorHansEiberg.“ButageneticmutationaffectingtheOCA2gene(基因)inourbodyresultedinthecreationofaswitch,whichliterallyturnedofftheabilitytoproducebrowneyes.”TheOCA2genecodesfortheso-calledPprotein,whichisinvolvedintheproductionofmelanin(黑色素)．Itgivescolourtoourhair,eyesandskin.Theswitch,whichislocatedinthegeneclosetoOCA2,doesnot,however,turnoffthegeneentirely,butratherlimitsitsactiontoreducingtheproductionofmelaninintheeyeball—effectivelyturningbrowneyestoblue.TheeffectoftheswitchonOCA2isveryspecifictherefore.IftheOCA2genehadbeencompletelydestroyedorturnedoff,humanbeingswouldbewithoutmelaninintheirhair,eyesorskincolour.Variationinthecolouroftheeyesfrombrowntogreencanallbeexplainedbytheamountofmelaninintheeyeball,butblue-eyedindividualsonlyhaveasmalldegreeofvariationintheamountofmelaninintheireyes.“Fromthiswecanconcludethatallblue-eyedindividualsarelinkedtothesameancestor，”saysProfessorEiberg.“Theyhaveallinherited(繼承)thesameswitchatexactlythesamespotintheirDNA.”Brown-eyedindividuals,bycontrast,haveconsiderableindividualvariationintheareaoftheirDNAthatcontrolsmelaninproduction.Themutationofbrowneyestobluerepresentsneitherapositivenoranegativemutation.Itisoneofseveralmutationssuchashaircolour,baldness,andbeautyspots,whichneitherincreasesnorreducesahuman'schanceofsurvival.AsProfessorEibergsays,“itsimplyshowsthatnatureisconstantlyaffectingthehumangenesandtryingoutdifferentchangesasitdoesso.”文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了基因突變是如何改變?nèi)藗冄劬Φ念伾摹?．WhatisthefindingofProfessorHansEiberg'steam？DA．Theeyecolourcanbechangedbyadjustinggenestoday.B．Blue-eyedpeoplehavesurvivedduetotheirspecialgenes.C．Theeyecolourcanhelpdiscoverwhatpeople'sancestorswere.D．Ageneticmutationleadstothechangeofpeople'seyecolour.〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“ageneticmutation(突變)．..isthecauseoftheeyecolourofallblue-eyedhumansaliveontheplanettoday.”可知，HansEiberg教授團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)基因突變導(dǎo)致人類眼睛顏色的改變。故選D。6．Whatcanwelearnabout“theswitch”fromParagraph3？CA．Itproducesmelanindirectly.B．Itcanbelimitedbyothergenes.C．Ithelpsproducelessmelanin.D．IthelpsOCA2functioninourbody.〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“Theswitch...butratherlimitsitsactiontoreducingtheproductionofmelaninintheeyeball”可知，它有助于產(chǎn)生較少的黑色素。故選C。7．Whycanweconcludeallblue-eyedindividualsarelinkedtothesameancestor？DA．Theyhavealmostthesamegene.B．Theyhavemorevariationingenes.C．Theyhavemoremelaninintheireyes.D．Theyhaveasmalldegreeofvariationintheamountofmelanin.〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“butblue-eyedindividualsonlyhaveasmalldegreeofvariationintheamountofmelaninintheireyes.‘Fromthiswecanconcludethatallblue-eyedindividualsarelinkedtothesameancestor，’”可知，在他們的眼睛的黑色素?cái)?shù)量上他們有著較少程度的改變是我們得出所有藍(lán)色眼睛的人有共同祖先的原因。故選D。8．Whatdoesthelastparagraphwanttotellus？AA．Natureaffectsourgenes.B．Onlythefittestcansurvive.C．Wearedecidedbyourgenes.D．Somegeneticmutationsarepointless.〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的“itsimplyshowsthatnatureisconstantlyaffectingthehumangenesandtryingoutdifferentchangesasitdoesso”可推知，自然影響著我們的基因。故選A。Ⅱ.七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余項(xiàng)。(2020·四川省天府名校聯(lián)考)Isourplanetheatingup?Arehumanbeingstoblameforclimatechange?1.GThediscussiononthissubjecthasbeenheated,butwhatarescientistsactuallysaying?AtReader'sDigest,wedecidedtofinditout.2.BYes,ithas,andevenwarmer.Greenlandwasforestedbetween450,000and800,000yearsago,sotemperatureswereconsiderablywarmerthen.Therehavealsobeenothertimesofrelativelyhightemperatures.Sowhydoestheconcernexist?It'sallaboutthespeedatwhichtemperaturesarechanging.3.EButinthe20thand21stcenturies,especiallysince1976,temperatureshaveprobablyrisenmorequicklythanduringanycenturyinthepast1,000years.WarmingmaybringimprovedcropproductionandotherbenefitstonortherncountriessuchasCanadaorRussia.However,manyspeciesmaynotadapttotheseconditions,andtheonethatisabletomaycauseaproblem.4.FTheWestNilevirus,firstseeninNorthAmericanineyearsago,infectedabout4,000peopleintheUSin2006.Themountainpinebeetle,whichisactiveduringwarmerwinters,hasalreadydestroyedabout13millionhectaresofCanada'sforests,worthanestimated$6.4billion.Whatiscausingthewarming?IPCChasconcludedthathumanactivityisverylikelyresponsible,byincreasingtheconcentrationsofgreenhousegasesandthusthegreenhouseeffect.5.ATheyarguethehumancontributionisnothing.A．Somescientists,however,stilldisagree.B．Hastheplaneteverbeenthiswarmbefore?C．Hashumanbehaviormadetheplanetwarm?D．Temperatureshavebeenchangingallthetime.E．Inthepast,temperaturesmovedupordowngradually.F．Mosquitoeshavebeenmovingnorthwardstohigherplaces.G．Thesequestionshaveburstintonewspapers,filmsandpopularbooks.文章大意：本文是一篇議論文。主要內(nèi)容是科學(xué)家關(guān)注引起氣候變暖的真正原因，及對該問題的討論?！冀馕觥?．根據(jù)前文提出的兩個(gè)問題可知，G選項(xiàng)中的thesequestions指代前文的兩個(gè)問題；再根據(jù)下文可知，關(guān)于“氣候變暖”的問題討論一直很熱烈，G選項(xiàng)中提到“氣候變暖這些問題在報(bào)紙、電影和書籍中都提到過?！保纱丝芍?，G選項(xiàng)能承接上下文，故選G。2．根據(jù)下文的Yes,ithas,andevenwarmer.(是的，有，而且更暖和。)，可知此句是答語，由ithas也可推知，問句的部分包含has助動詞，B項(xiàng)符合這個(gè)要求，且語義(地球以前有過這么溫暖嗎？)承接下文，故選B。3．根據(jù)上下文可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是氣候的變化，且E選項(xiàng)中的temperatures和上下文呼應(yīng)，且語境承接上下文，故選E。4．根據(jù)前文的manyspecies(許多物種)可知，此處用“Mosquitoes”進(jìn)行舉例說明，因?yàn)橐恍┪锓N無法適應(yīng)這種環(huán)境，所以蚊子向北移到較高的地方，故F項(xiàng)承接上文，故選F。5．根據(jù)上下文可知，政府間氣候變化專門委員會得出結(jié)論，人類活動很可能是罪魁禍?zhǔn)祝驗(yàn)槿祟惢顒釉黾恿藴厥覛怏w的濃度，從而造成了溫室效應(yīng)。然而，一些科學(xué)家仍然不同意。他們認(rèn)為人類的貢獻(xiàn)微不足道。故A項(xiàng)承接上下文，且呼應(yīng)本文主題，故選A。Ⅲ.語法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Amongallthefastgrowingscienceandtechnology,theresearchofhumangenes,1.orbiologicalengineering,aspeoplecallit,isdrawingmoreandmoreattentionnow.Sometimesitisahottopic2.discussed(discuss)bypeople.Thegreatestthingthatgenetechnologycandoiscureseriousdiseasesthatdoctorsatpresentcanalmostdonothingwith,suchascancerandheartdisease.Everyyear,millionsofpeoplearemurderedbythesetwo3.killers(kill)．Andtodate,doctorshavenotfound4.an/anyeffectivewaytocurethem.Butifthegenetechnology5.isapplied(apply),notonlycanthesetwodiseasesbecuredcompletely,6.bringing(bring)happinessandmorelivingdaystothepatients,butalsothegreatamountofmoneypeoplespentoncuringtheirdiseasescanbesaved,so7.itbenefitstheeconomyaswell.Inaddition,humanlifespan(壽命)canbeprolonged.Genetechnologycanhelppeopletogivebirthtomorehealthyandcleverchildren.Somefamilies,withtheEnglishimperial(皇室)familybeingagoodexample,havehereditarydiseases.Thismeanstheirchildrenwillforsurehavethefamilydisease,8.whichisagreattroubleforthesefamilies.Inthepast,doctorscoulddonothingabouthereditarydiseases,9.butgenetechnologycansolvethisproblem10.perfectly(perfect)．Thescientistjustneedstofindthewronggeneandcorrectit,andahealthychildwillbeborn.文章大意：本文介紹了基因技術(shù)，詳細(xì)講述了基因技術(shù)的好處?！冀馕觥?．考查連詞。句意：在所有快速增長的科技中，對于基因的研究或生物工程，越來越吸引人們的注意力。故填or“或者”。2．考查非謂語動詞。句意：有時(shí)這是個(gè)被人們討論的熱門話題。故填過去分詞discussed作后置定語，與topic之間是被動關(guān)系。3．考查名詞。句意：每年有兩大殺手。根據(jù)第二段第一句話提到“Thegreatestthingthatgenetechnologycandoiscureseriousdiseasesthatdoctorsatpresentcanalmostdonothingwith,suchascancerandheartdisease.”癌癥和心臟病是兩大殺手。故填killers。4．考查冠詞。句意：到目前為止，醫(yī)生還沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)/任何有效的方法來治愈。故填an/anyeffectiveway“一個(gè)/任何有效的方法”。5．考查動詞的語態(tài)。句意：如果基因技術(shù)被應(yīng)用，不僅這兩大疾病能完全治愈……。apply和thegenetechnology是動賓關(guān)系。故填isapplied。6．考查非謂語動詞。句意：如果基因技術(shù)被應(yīng)用，不僅這兩大疾病能完全治愈，給病人帶來幸?！，F(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。故填bringing。7．考查代詞。句意：因此它也能使經(jīng)濟(jì)受益。故填代詞it代指基因技術(shù)被應(yīng)用。8．考查非限制性定語從句。句意：這就意味著他們的孩子有遺傳病，對于許多家庭來說這是個(gè)大的麻煩。故填which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，指代主句內(nèi)容。9．考查連詞。句意：過去人們對遺傳性疾病束手無策，而基因技術(shù)能夠解決這個(gè)問題?？涨昂髢删湓捠寝D(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故填but。10．考查副詞。句意：而基因技術(shù)能夠很好地解決這個(gè)問題。副詞修飾動詞solve。故填perfectly。Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加，刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用(\)劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。(2020·惠州市第一次調(diào)研)LastFriday,wewerehavingourclasswhileourteacherMissLisuddenlyslippedandfallontheground.Allthestudentswereconcernabouther.Helpedbysomestudents,Icarriedheronbacktotheclinicimmediately.Herleftlegwasturnedouttobebrokenandshehadtostayinhospitalforhalfamonth.Thefollowingday,wepaidavisitforherwithflowersandfruits.Seeherlegwrappedinbandage,allofusfeltsorryforher,hopingshewouldrecoversoon.Unexpectedly,onlyfivedayslate,MissLireturnedtotheclassonawheelchairtogiveuslessons.Weweredeepmoved,allrisingtoapplaudher.〖答案〗LastFriday,wewerehavingourclasseq\o(while,\s\do8(when))ourteacherMissLisuddenlyslippedandeq\o(fall,\s\do8(fell))ontheground.Allthestudentswereeq\o(concern,\s\do8(concerned))abouther.Helpedbysomestudents,Icarriedheroneq\o(∧,\s\do8(my/the))backtotheclinicimmediately.Herleftlegwasturnedouttobebrokenandshehadtostayinhospitalforhalfamonth.Thefollowingday,wepaidavisiteq\o(for,\s\do8(to))herwithflowersandfruits.eq\o(See,\s\do8(Seeing))herlegwrappedineq\o(bandage,\s\do8(bandages))，allofusfeltsorryforher,hopingshewouldrecoversoon.Unexpectedly,onlyfivedayseq\o(late,\s\do8(later))，MissLireturnedtotheclassonawheelchairtogiveuslessons.Wewereeq\o(deep,\s\do8(deeply))moved,allrisingtoapplaudher.〖解析〗1．考查固定句型。bedoingsth.when...表示“正在做某事，這時(shí)(突然)……”。故將while改為when。2．考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)上文中的“LastFriday”可知，該處陳述的是過去發(fā)生的事情。故將fall改一般過去時(shí)fell。3．考查固定用法。beconcernedaboutsb.意為“擔(dān)心某人”。故將concern改為concerned。4．考查固定搭配。onone's/theback意為“在某人的背上”。故添加my/the。5．考查動詞語態(tài)。turnouttobe為固定搭配，意為“結(jié)果是；證明是”，此處不用被動語態(tài)。故刪除was。6．考查介詞。payavisitto是固定搭配，意為“拜訪；參觀；訪問”。故將for改為to。7．考查非謂語動詞?？吹剿耐壬瞎噹В覀兌紴樗械诫y過，希望她快點(diǎn)康復(fù)。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主語allofus和動詞see之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，該處表示伴隨。故改現(xiàn)在分詞seeing作時(shí)間狀語。8．考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。bandage為可數(shù)名詞，其前沒有限定詞修飾。故應(yīng)將bandage改為bandages。9．考查副詞。未曾料到的是，僅僅五天后李老師坐著輪椅回到班級給我們上課了。later意為“后來；以后”。故將late改為later。知識儲備：late、later和lately的用法區(qū)別：late是形容詞，也可作副詞，表示“遲；晚”；lately是副詞，表示“最近；近來”；later是副詞，表示“后來；以后”，也可作形容詞，僅用于名詞前，表示“較晚時(shí)候的；以后的”。10．考查副詞。該詞修飾后面的形容詞moved。故改副詞形式deeply，表示“深深地”。選修六Module5CloningⅠ.閱讀理解A(2021·河南省九師聯(lián)盟質(zhì)檢)AsspringadvancesacrosstheMidwest,anewstudylookingatblooming(盛開的)flowerssuggestsnon-nativeplantsmightlivelongerthannativeplantsduetoclimatechange.Thestudy—ledbyresearchersatIndianaUniversityandMichiganStateUniversity—hasshownwarmingtemperaturesaffectnativeandnon-nativefloweringplantsdifferently,whichcouldchangethelookoflocalplaceovertime.“Whenaplantflowersdetermineswhetheritwillbepollinated(授粉)bybeesorotherinsectsandhowmuchtimeitwillhavetoproduceseeds.Ourdatamakesmeworrythatwewillhaveaveryweedyworldinourfuture，”saidthestudy'sleadauthorJenLau,anassociateprofessorinIndianaUniversity.Theresearchers'findingssuggestnon-nativeplantsmaybebetteratshiftingtheirfloweringtimecomparedtonativeplants.Thesedifferencesarethoughttoinfluenceaplant'ssuccessbothnowandinfuturewarmerenvironments.Lauandherstudentssimulated(模擬)globalwarminginfieldsplantedwith45nativeandnon-nativeplants.Someareaswerewarmedbyinfrared(紅外線的)heaters,whileotherareaswerenot.Lau'slabsurveyedallplantstodeterminewhentheyfirstfloweredandhowlongtheyflowered.WhenplantsweregrowninwarmedplotssimulatingtheclimatechangeexpectedintheMidwestbytheendofthecentury,theresearchersfoundthatnon-nativeplantsfloweredmorethan11daysearlieronaverage.Incontrast,nativeplantsdidn'tchangefloweringtimesatallwhenwarmed.Theyalsofoundearlier-floweringnon-nativeplantshadgreatergeographicspread,suggestingthatfloweringearliermayhelppromotesuccessfuloccupationacrosslargeareas.Thefindingssuggestimportantdifferencesinhownativeandnon-nativeplantsrespondtoclimatechange.文章大意：本文是一篇科普說明文。一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，本土植物比非本土植物更易受氣候變化的影響。1．Whatdoesthenewstudyfindaboutnativeplantscomparedwithnon-natives？DA．Theymayhavealongerlifecycle.B．Theyarelikelytohavemoreflowers.C．Theyaremoreadaptabletoclimatechange.D．Theymaybeatgreaterriskfromclimatechange.〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“...anewstudylookingatblooming(盛開的)flowerssuggestsnon-nativeplantsmightlivelongerthannativeplantsduetoclimatechange.”可知，跟非本土植物相比，氣候變化給本土植物帶來的危險(xiǎn)更大。故選D。2．WhatdoJenLau'swordsinparagraph2suggest？CA．She'squitesurethataweedyworldiswaitingforus.B．Plantsmaylosetheabilitytoflowerinthefuture.C．Thetimingofaplant'sfloweringiskeytoitslifecycle.D．Aplant'sfloweringtimealmosthasnoeffectonitspollination.〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“‘Whenaplantflowersdetermineswhetheritwillbepollinated(授粉)bybeesorotherinsectsandhowmuchtimeitwillhavetoproduceseeds.’”可知，植物的開花時(shí)間決定了它是否會被蜜蜂授粉以及它將有多少時(shí)間來產(chǎn)生種子。由此可推斷，植物的開花時(shí)間是它生命周期的關(guān)鍵。故選C。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shifting”inparagraph3probablymean？AA．Changing. B．Postponing.C．Arranging. D．Predicting.〖解析〗詞意猜測題。畫線詞所在句子句意表示“研究人員的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明非本土植物可能比本土植物更擅長它們的開花時(shí)間”，再根據(jù)第五段“...theresearchersfoundthatnon-nativeplantsfloweredmorethan11daysearlieronaverage.Incontrast,nativeplantsdidn'tchangefloweringtimesatallwhenwarmed.”可推斷，畫線詞義為“改變”。故選A。4．Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout？BA．Howglobalwarmingaffectedplantspecies.B．Howtheresearcherstestedtheirsupposition.C．Howtokeepthewarmthoftheplantedfields.D．Howtodeterminethefloweringtimesofplants.〖解析〗段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Thesedifferencesarethoughttoinfluenceaplant'ssuccessbothnowandinfuturewarmerenvironments.”及第四段中提到“模擬全球變暖”和“用紅外線加熱器”等可推斷，第四段主要講述的是研究人員是如何測試他們的假設(shè)的。故選B。BNewresearchshowsthatpeoplewithblueeyeshaveasingle,commonancestor.AteamattheUniversityofCopenhagenhavetrackeddownageneticmutation(突變)whichtookplace6,000－10,000yearsagoandisthecauseottheeyecolourofallblue-eyedhumansaliveontheplanettoday.“Originally,weallhadbrowneyes，”saidProfessorHansEiberg.“ButageneticmutationaffectingtheOCA2gene(基因)inourbodyresultedinthecreationofaswitch,whichliterallyturnedofftheabilitytoproducebrowneyes.”TheOCA2genecodesfortheso-calledPprotein,whichisinvolvedintheproductionofmelanin(黑色素)．Itgivescolourtoourhair,eyesandskin.Theswitch,whichislocatedinthegeneclosetoOCA2,doesnot,however,turnoffthegeneentirely,butratherlimitsitsactiontoreducingtheproductionofmelaninintheeyeball—effectivelyturningbrowneyestoblue.TheeffectoftheswitchonOCA2isveryspecifictherefore.IftheOCA2genehadbeencompletelydestroyedorturnedoff,humanbeingswouldbewithoutmelaninintheirhair,eyesorskincolour.Variationinthecolouroftheeyesfrombrowntogreencanallbeexplainedbytheamountofmelaninintheeyeball,butblue-eyedindividualsonlyhaveasmalldegreeofvariationintheamountofmelaninintheireyes.“Fromthiswecanconcludethatallblue-eyedindividualsarelinkedtothesameancestor，”saysProfessorEiberg.“Theyhaveallinherited(繼承)thesameswitchatexactlythesamespotintheirDNA.”Brown-eyedindividuals,bycontrast,haveconsiderableindividualvariationintheareaoftheirDNAthatcontrolsmelaninproduction.Themutationofbrowneyestobluerepresentsneitherapositivenoranegativemutation.Itisoneofseveralmutationssuchashaircolour,baldness,andbeautyspots,whichneitherincreasesnorreducesahuman'schanceofsurvival.AsProfessorEibergsays,“itsimplyshowsthatnatureisconstantlyaffectingthehumangenesandtryingoutdifferentchangesasitdoesso.”文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了基因突變是如何改變?nèi)藗冄劬Φ念伾摹?．WhatisthefindingofProfessorHansEiberg'steam？DA．Theeyecolourcanbechangedbyadjustinggenestoday.B．Blue-eyedpeoplehavesurvivedduetotheirspecialgenes.C．Theeyecolourcanhelpdiscoverwhatpeople'sancestorswere.D．Ageneticmutationleadstothechangeofpeople'seyecolour.〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“ageneticmutation(突變)．..isthecauseoftheeyecolourofallblue-eyedhumansaliveontheplanettoday.”可知，HansEiberg教授團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)基因突變導(dǎo)致人類眼睛顏色的改變。故選D。6．Whatcanwelearnabout“theswitch”fromParagraph3？CA．Itproducesmelanindirectly.B．Itcanbelimitedbyothergenes.C．Ithelpsproducelessmelanin.D．IthelpsOCA2functioninourbody.〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“Theswitch...butratherlimitsitsactiontoreducingtheproductionofmelaninintheeyeball”可知，它有助于產(chǎn)生較少的黑色素。故選C。7．Whycanweconcludeallblue-eyedindividualsarelinkedtothesameancestor？DA．Theyhavealmostthesamegene.B．Theyhavemorevariationingenes.C．Theyhavemoremelaninintheireyes.D．Theyhaveasmalldegreeofvariationintheamountofmelanin.〖解析〗細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“butblue-eyedindividualsonlyhaveasmalldegreeofvariationintheamountofmelaninintheireyes.‘Fromthiswecanconcludethatallblue-eyedindividualsarelinkedtothesameancestor，’”可知，在他們的眼睛的黑色素?cái)?shù)量上他們有著較少程度的改變是我們得出所有藍(lán)色眼睛的人有共同祖先的原因。故選D。8．Whatdoesthelastparagraphwanttotellus？AA．Natureaffectsourgenes.B．Onlythefittestcansurvive.C．Wearedecidedbyourgenes.D．Somegeneticmutationsarepointless.〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的“itsimplyshowsthatnatureisconstantlyaffectingthehumangenesandtryingoutdifferentchangesasitdoesso”可推知，自然影響著我們的基因。故選A。Ⅱ.七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余項(xiàng)。(2020·四川省天府名校聯(lián)考)Isourplanetheatingup?Arehumanbeingstoblameforclimatechange?1.GThediscussiononthissubjecthasbeenheated,butwhatarescientistsactuallysaying?AtReader'sDigest,wedecidedtofinditout.2.BYes,ithas,andevenwarmer.Greenlandwasforestedbetween450,000and800,000yearsago,sotemperatureswereconsiderablywarmerthen.Therehavealsobeenothertimesofrelativelyhightemperatures.Sowhydoestheconcernexist?It'sallaboutthespeedatwhichtemperaturesarechanging.3.EButinthe20thand21stcenturies,especiallysince1976,temperatureshaveprobablyrisenmorequicklythanduringanycenturyinthepast1,000years.WarmingmaybringimprovedcropproductionandotherbenefitstonortherncountriessuchasCanadaorRussia.However,manyspeciesmaynotadapttotheseconditions,andtheonethatisabletomaycauseaproblem.4.FTheWestNilevirus,firstseeninNorthAmericanineyearsago,infectedabout4,000peopleintheUSin2006.Themountainpinebeetle,whichisactiveduringwarmerwinters,hasalreadydestroyedabout13millionhectaresofCanada'sforests,worthanestimated$6.4billion.Whatiscausingthewarming?IPCChasconcludedthathumanactivityisverylikelyresponsible,byincreasingtheconcentrationsofgreenhousegasesandthusthegreenhouseeffect.5.ATheyarguethehumancontributionisnothing.A．Somescientists,however,stilldisagree.B．Hastheplaneteverbeenthiswarmbefore?C．Hashumanbehaviormadetheplanetwarm?D．Temperatureshavebeenchangingallthetime.E．Inthepast,temperaturesmovedupordowngradually.F．Mosquitoeshavebeenmovingnorthwardstohigherplaces.G．Thesequestionshaveburstintonewspapers,filmsandpopularbooks.文章大意：本文是一篇議論文。主要內(nèi)容是科學(xué)家關(guān)注引起氣候變暖的真正原因，及對該問題的討論?！冀馕觥?．根據(jù)前文提出的兩個(gè)問題可知，G選項(xiàng)中的thesequestions指代前文的兩個(gè)問題；再根據(jù)下文可知，關(guān)于“氣候變暖”的問題討論一直很熱烈，G選項(xiàng)中提到“氣候變暖這些問題在報(bào)紙、電影和書籍中都提到過?！?，由此可知，G選項(xiàng)能承接上下文，故選G。2．根據(jù)下文的Yes,ithas,andevenwarmer.(是的，有，而且更暖和。)，可知此句是答語，由ithas也可推知，問句的部分包含has助動詞，B項(xiàng)符合這個(gè)要求，且語義(地球以前有過這么溫暖嗎？)承接下文，故選B。3．根據(jù)上下文可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)的是氣候的變化，且E選項(xiàng)中的temperatures和上下文呼應(yīng)，且語境承接上下文，故選E。4．根據(jù)前文的manyspecies(許多物種)可知，此處用“Mosquitoes”進(jìn)行舉例說明，因?yàn)橐恍┪锓N無法適應(yīng)這種環(huán)境，所以蚊子向北移到較高的地方，故F項(xiàng)承接上文，故選F。5．根據(jù)上下文可知，政府間氣候變化專門委員會得出結(jié)論，人類活動很可能是罪魁禍?zhǔn)?，因?yàn)槿祟惢顒釉黾恿藴厥覛怏w的濃度，從而造成了溫室效應(yīng)。然而，一些科學(xué)家仍然不同意。他們認(rèn)為人類的貢獻(xiàn)微不足道。故A項(xiàng)承接上下文，且呼應(yīng)本文主題，故選A。Ⅲ.語法填空閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Amongallthefastgrowingscienceandtechnology,theresearchofhumangenes,1.orbiologicalengineering,aspeoplecallit,isdrawingmoreandmoreattentionnow.Sometimesitisahottopic2.discussed(discuss)bypeople.Thegreatestthingthatgenetechnologycandoiscureseriousdiseasesthatdoctorsatpresentcanalmostdonothingwith,suchascancerandheartdisease.Everyyear,millionsofpeoplearemurderedbythesetwo3.killers(kill)．Andtodate,doctorshavenotfound4.an/anyeffectivewaytocurethem.Butifthegenetechnology5.isapplied(apply),notonlycanthesetwodiseasesbecuredcompletely,6.bringing(bring)happinessandmorelivingdaystothepatients,butalsothegreatamountofmoneypeoplespentoncuringtheirdiseasescanbesaved,so7.itbenefitstheeconomyaswell.Inaddition,humanlifespan(壽命)canbeprolonged.Genetechnologycanhelppeopletogivebirthtomorehealthyandcleverchildren.Somefamilies,withtheEnglishimperial(皇室)familybeingagoodexample,havehereditarydiseases.Thismeanstheirchildrenwillforsurehavethefamilydisease,8.whichisagreattroubleforthesefamilies.Inthepast,doctorscoulddonothingabouthereditarydiseases,9.butgenetechnologycansolvethisproblem10.perfectly(perfect)．Thescientistjustneedstofindthewronggeneandcorrectit,andahealthychildwillbeborn.文章大意：本文介紹了基因技術(shù)，詳細(xì)講述了基因技術(shù)的好處。〖解析〗1．考查連詞。句意：在所有快速增長的科技中，對于基因的研究或生物工程，越來越吸引人們的注意力。故填or“或者”。2．考查非謂語動詞。句意：有時(shí)這是個(gè)被人們討論的熱門話題。故填過去分詞discussed作后置定語，與topic之間是被動關(guān)系。3．考查名詞。句意：每年有兩大殺手。根據(jù)第二段第一句話提到“Thegreatestthingthatgenetechnologycandoiscureseriousdiseasesthatdoctorsatpresentcanalmostdonothing