高考英語一輪總復習練案16必修4Unit1Womenofachievement練習含解析新人教版

一輪復習精品資料(高中)PAGEPAGE1必修四Unit1WomenofachievementⅠ.閱讀理解A(2021·湖北省荊門市高三聯(lián)考)MaryAnningwasanEnglishfossilcollector,dealerandpaleontologist(古生物學家).Herfossil-huntinghelpedchangethewaypeoplethoughtabouttheworld.MarywasbornintoapoorfamilyinEnglandonMay21,1799.ShelivedintheseasidetownofLymeRegis,inDorset.Thefamilyhadninechildren.OnlyMaryandherbrotherJosephgrewup.Mary'sfathertookhischildrenalongthebeach.Theypickedupshellsandstonestoselltovisitors.Marydidnotgotoschoolmuch.Herfamilywastoopoor.Andschoolsdidnotteachchildrenaboutfossils.Marycouldreadandwrite.Shetaughtherself.Shelearnedaboutrocksandhowbodiesaremade.In1811whenMaryandJosephwerefossilhunting,Josephsawabonestickingoutoftherock.Maryhadahammertochipawayattherock.Verycarefullysheuncoveredit.Shefoundthefirstcompletefossiloftheichthyosaur(魚龍)．Sincethen,Marybecamecrazyaboutfossilhunting.Shelikedtohuntonthebeachafterastorm.Thewind,rainandwavesmadetherockscrumble.Itwaseasytospotfossils.MostdaysMarywentfossilhuntingwithherdog,Tray.RichfriendshelpedMarybysellingfossilsforher.Theysenthermoney.Scientistswrotelettersandcametoseeher.OnegoodfriendwasWilliamBuckland,aprofessoratOxfordUniversity.Maryalsoopenedashoptosellfossils,stonesandshells.Shechattedwithvisitors.MaryAnningdiedin1847.Howevolution(進化)workswasexplainedbyCharlesDarwinnotlongafterMarydied.Herfossilshadhelpedscientistsunderstandhowthingsbegan.文章大意：這是一篇人物傳記。短文敘述了英國化石收藏家、商人和古生物學家瑪麗·安寧的故事。1．WhydidMary'sfathertakehischildrenalongthebeach？BA．Toenjoylife.B．Tomakealiving.C．Tolookforfossils.D．Toteachthemaboutfossils.〖解析〗推理判斷題。由第二段“MarywasbornintoapoorfamilyinEnglandonMay21,1799.OnlyMaryandherbrotherJosephgrewup.Mary'sfathertookhischildrenalongthebeach.Theypickedupshellsandstonestoselltovisitors.”可知，1799年5月21日，瑪麗出生于英國一個貧窮的家庭?，旣惖母赣H經(jīng)常帶著他的孩子們沿著海灘走。他們撿貝殼和石頭賣給游客。所以瑪麗的父親帶孩子們?nèi)ズ＿吺菫榱酥\生。故選B項。2．WhatcanwelearnaboutMary？DA．Herfatherwasapaleontologist.B．Herfathereducatedherathome.C．Shehadninebrothersandsistersinall.D．Shemightbepopularatthattime.〖解析〗推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段“Scientistswrotelettersandcametoseeher.Maryalsoopenedashoptosellfossils,stonesandshells.Shechattedwithvisitors”可知，科學家寫信要來拜訪她。瑪麗還開了一家商店出售化石、石頭和貝殼且與到訪的游客聊一些關于化石的信息。所以通過關鍵詞“Scientistswrotelettersandcametoseeher.Shechattedwithvisitors.”可以判斷出，在那個時候她很有名，很受歡迎。故選D項。3．Whowasthefirstonetocatchsightoftherockcontainingthefirstcompleteichthyosaurfossil？DA．CharlesDarwin. B．Mary'sdog.C．Mary. D．Joseph.〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。由第三段“In1811whenMaryandJosephwerefossilhunting,Josephsawabonestickingoutoftherock.”可知，1811年，當瑪麗和約瑟夫在尋找化石時，約瑟夫看到一根骨頭從巖石中伸出來了。所以約瑟夫是第一個看到含有第一個完整魚龍化石的人。故選D項。4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“crumble”inthefourthparagraphmeans？AA．Break. B．Shake.C．Float. D．Dive.〖解析〗詞義猜測題。由第四段“Shelikedtohuntonthebeachafterastorm.Thewind,rainandwavesmadetherockscrumble.Itwaseasytospotfossils.”可知，暴風雨過后她喜歡在海灘上尋找化石。風、雨、浪使巖石變得碎裂，很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)化石。所以通過上下文語境可以判斷出第四段畫線的“crumble”是break“破裂”的意思。故選A項。B(2020·菏澤市6月訓練)DaphneSoares,abiologist,makesanamazingdiscoveryaboutalligators(短吻鱷).Thefirsttimeshegotreallyclosetoanalligatorwaswhenshewashelpingtoholddownaneight-footAmericanalligator.Itwasthenthatshenoticeditsfacewascoveredwithlittleblackspots.Thisledtothediscoveryofthelittleblackdots.Shestartedherstudyoftheblackdots.Whenshereadthebooksandthescientificjournals,shelearnedthatpeoplehadnoticedthedots,butnoonereallyknewwhatthedotswerefor.Tofindoutthesecret,sheplacedelectrodes(電極)onnervescomingfromsomeofthedots.Whenthenervesfired,theysentamessagetothebrainandcreatedatinyelectriccurrent(電流).Justthensheheardasmallsoundoveraloudspeaker.Shetriedtoseeifthedotsactedlikeeyesandtemperaturesensors,butnothingworked.Onedayshewascarelesswithdroppingatoolintoanalligator'stank.Whensheputherhandinthetanktogetthetoolout,shemadesmallwavesinthewater.Whentheyreachedthealligator'sface,sheheardanoiseoverthespeaker.Shethenrealizedthatthedotsmustbesensitivetothechangesinpressurewhenhitbywavesofwater.Afterthat,sheisnowstudyingblindcavefish.Sheistryingtolearnwhethertheyareblindfrombirthorlosetheirsightastheygrowup.Sheisalsodoingmoreresearchoncrocodilians.Shewantstofindouthowthegenesofalligatorswithpressuresensorsonlyontheirfacesdifferfromthegenesofcrocodiliansthathavepressuresensorsallovertheirbody.文章大意：本文是記敘文，主題語境是“人與自然”。文章講述了生物學家達芙妮·索雷斯(DaphneSoares)偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)短吻鱷臉上小黑點的作用的故事，以及她在其他方面的研究工作。5．WhydidDaphneSoaresfirstgetclosetothealligator？DA．Toobserveitsblackdots.B．Tofindthesecretofitsdots.C．Tohelpotherstoholditup.D．Topreventitfrommoving.〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thefirsttimeshegotreallyclosetoanalligatorwaswhenshewashelpingtoholddownaneight-footAmericanalligator.”可知，達芙妮·索雷斯第一次近距離接觸短吻鱷是因為要幫忙按住它。故選D項。6．WhathappenedwhenDaphneSoaresfirstputelectrodesonthenervesofsomeblackdots？AA．Alittlenoisewassentout.B．Anelectriccurrentcreatedamessage.C．Thenerveswereonfiresuddenly.D．Thenervessensedtemperaturechanges.〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Whenthenervesfired，theysentamessagetothebrainandcreatedatinyelectriccurrent(電流)．Justthensheheardasmallsoundoveraloudspeaker.”可知，通電之后通過揚聲器她聽到了細小的聲音。故選A項。7．HowdidDaphneSoaresfirstfindthefunctionofalligators'blackdots？CA．Byexperiment. B．Byreference.C．Byaccident. D．Bycomparison.〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段描述的達芙妮·索雷斯發(fā)現(xiàn)短吻鱷臉上斑點作用的過程可推知，她是通過一次小意外發(fā)現(xiàn)的(她不小心把一個工具掉進了短吻鱷所在的水池里，她伸手進去拿的時候引起了漣漪，漣漪碰到短吻鱷的臉，然后她聽到揚聲器發(fā)出了聲音)。故選C項。8．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph？BA．Cavefishlosesightastheygrowup.B．DaphneSoaresdevotesherenergytoresearchwork.C．Alligators'genesarethesameascrocodilians'.D．DaphneSoaresdiscoveredanewspeciesofalligator.〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段內(nèi)容可知，達芙妮·索雷斯除了研究短吻鱷，還在研究洞穴魚，并對鱷目動物進行更多的研究工作，由此可知，達芙妮·索雷斯把自己的精力投入到研究工作中。故選B項。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(2021·濟南五校聯(lián)考)WandaAustin,aninternationallycelebratedengineerandaerospaceindustry(航空航天工業(yè))leader,hasbeenapartoftheSTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics)industrysinceherearliestprofessionaldaysworkingatRockwellInternational.1.E.Raisedinalow-incomeneighborhoodintheBronx,Dr.Austinalwaysfavoredmathinschoolaboveallelse;shefoundcormfortinthefactthatmath'sanswerscouldn'tbeargued.2.D.Itwasn'tuntilshestartedworkingasanengineeringtutorwhenreceivingthehighereducationthatsherealizedwhatshereallywantedtobeoccupiedin：STEM.AustinbeganworkingatAerospaceasoneofthefewfemaleengineers,atrendthathasn'tchangedmuchbetweenherstartatthecompanyin1982andnow.3.C.ThesuccessintheGPSsatelliteAirForcecommunicationsandthePentagon'sglobalnetworkofstrategiccommunications,allledtohereventualpromotiontoCEOandPresidentofAerospace.4.A.HermostrecentcommitmentistomotivatethenextgenerationoflearnerstostudySTEMdisciplines,asshehopestoserveasarolemodelforyoungwomenandminoritieslookingtogodownsimilarpaths.Andshe'sstartedprogramstostrengthenSTEMlearningforeveryone.Austin'sadviceforaspiringengineersisaroundsomethingyoumightnotexpect.5.B.Toher,itisjustasimportanttostudyasitistobeabletotalkabouttheimpactoftheSTEMworktothoseoutsideofthedisciplines.A．Dr.AustinpaysgreatattentiontotheeducationB．ShehighlightsthevirtueofstrongcommunicationC．Still,sheachievedaseriesofimpressiveperformancesD．ThepassiondroveherundergraduateandgraduatestudiesE．HerloveforSTEMbeganlongbeforethestartofhercareerF．Dr.AustinisneveronetoshyawayfromadifficultchallengeG．MaybeherinitiativeswillbeenoughtoinspirethenextgenerationofSTEMleaders文章大意：本文是記敘文，主題是“人與社會”。文章介紹了國際知名的工程師和航空航天工業(yè)方面的領袖人物WandaAustin的學習經(jīng)歷、所取得的成就等。〖解析〗1．考查承上啟下句。空前一段提到了Austin在STEM方面的成就，空后講述在從事專業(yè)領域前，她與STEM的淵源，故E項“HerloveforSTEMbeganlongbeforethestartofhercareer”承接上下文，符合語境。2．考查細節(jié)支撐句。空前提到“Dr.Austinalwaysfavoredmathinschoolaboveallelse；shefoundcomfortinthefactthatmath'sanswerscouldn'tbeargued.”，D項是這一內(nèi)容的順承，符合語境，且D選項中的“undergraduateandgraduatestudies”與空后的“thehighereducation”呼應。3．考查承上啟下句。由后一句可知，此處敘述Dr.Austin在公司中工作出色，取得了一系列成就，與空前一句談到的“Austin是公司為數(shù)不多的幾個女性工程師之一”形成輕微的轉(zhuǎn)折關系，故C項符合語境。4．考查段落主旨句。根據(jù)本段中的“HermostrecentcommitmentistomotivatethenextgenerationoflearnerstostudySTEMdisciplines...godownsimilarpaths”“strengthenSTEMlearningforeveryone.”可知，本段強調(diào)Dr.Austin為教育付出了很多，A項能概括段落內(nèi)容。5．考查細節(jié)支撐句。根據(jù)空后的“itisjustimportanttostudy...talkabouttheimpactoftheSTEMworktothoseoutsideofthedisciplines.”可知，Dr.Austin認為學習知識和溝通一樣重要，所以她也很重視溝通，B項符合語境。Ⅲ.語法填空(2021·山東省六地市聯(lián)考)FionaKolbinger,a2-year-oldGermancyclistwithlittleexperiencein1.competitive(compete)cycling,tooktheworldbysurprisewhenshebecamethefirstfemaletowintheTranscontinentalRaceonAugust6,2019.Shecompleted2.atotalof2,485milesfromBulgariatoFrancein10days,2hours,and48minutes.Thisyear'sracestartedonJuly27th,2019.Intherace,thecompetitorshadtodecidefor3.themselves(they)where,when,andhowmuchtheyateandslept.Theyalsohadtorideintemperatures4.that/whichrangedfrom4℃to37℃andendurefreezingrain,thunderstorms,andheatwaves.TheTranscontinentalRace5.wasfounded(found)in2013bytheBritishcyclistMikeHall.Therace,6.thought(think)tobeoneofthehardestofitskind,challengesnotonlyracers'cyclingskillsandendurance(耐力),butalsotheirrouteplanningandtimemanagementskills.Also,different7.fromothercyclingcompetitionswheretheroutesare8.carefully(careful)laidout,theTranscontinentalRacerequirescompetitorstoplantheirowncourse.Theonly9.requirement(require)istocheckinatfourstops,locatedatvariouspointsalongtheway.10.Tomake(make)sureallcompetitorsundergosomeofthesamechallenges,eachcheckpointisfollowedbydemandingterrain(地形)．文章大意：本文是記敘文，主題語境是“人與自我”。2019年theTranscontinentalRace落下帷幕。德國女選手FionaKolbinger以10天2小時48分的成績奪冠，成為這個比賽的第一位女性冠軍。1．考查形容詞。此處應用形容詞作定語。2．考查冠詞。此處表示總路程，應該用atotalof“共計……”。故填a。3．考查代詞。主語是thecompetitors，此處表示選手必須自己做決定，因此應該用they的反身代詞形式themselves。4．考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，先行詞temperatures后跟一個限制性定語從句，關系代詞在從句中作主語，表示物，故用that/which。5．考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。TranscontinentalRace和found之間是被動關系，故用被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語in2013可知此處應用一般過去時。6．考查非謂語動詞。過去分詞在此表被動，作定語，修飾Therace。7．考查介詞。根據(jù)句意，這個自行車賽的選手要自己規(guī)劃行車路線，這與其他嚴格規(guī)定路線的自行車賽不一樣。故填介詞from。8．考查副詞。此處修飾動詞，應用副詞形式。9．考查名詞。根據(jù)前面的Theonly和后面的is可知，空處要填名詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“要求”。故用requirement。10．考查非謂語動詞。此處表示“為保證所有的選手都經(jīng)歷一些同樣的挑戰(zhàn)”，故用不定式作目的狀語。Ⅳ.短文改錯(2020·陜西省榆林市第一次測試)Mymotherissixty-fiveyearold,thatdevotesherselftothewholefamilyandusthreedaughters.TodayIstillrememberclearlythattherewasthetimewhenlifewasreallyhardinaremotemountainvillage.Peopletherehadastrongprejudicethatgirlsshouldnotgotoschoolandstayathomedoinghousework.However,mymotherheldatotaloppositeviewthatherthreedaughtersshouldgeteducatednomatterwhatothersthoughtandnomatterwhathardlifewas.MymothergotlittleeducationbecausetheChineseCulturalRevolutionandshedecidednottoletthesamethingtohappentohergirls.Tohisdelight,wethreesisterswenttocollegeandgotwell-educated.Andnow,weallhaveourjobsandourownhappyfamilies.WearesuchgratefulforwhatMumhasdoneforus.〖答案〗Mymotherissixty-fiveeq\o(year,\s\do8(years))old,eq\o(that,\s\do8(who))devotesherselftothewholefamilyandusthreedaughters.TodayIstillrememberclearlythattherewaseq\o(the,\s\do8(a))timewhenlifewasreallyhardinaremotemountainvillage.Peopletherehadastrongprejudicethatgirlsshouldnotgotoschooleq\o(and,\s\do8(but))stayathomedoinghousework.However,mymotherheldaeq\o(total,\s\do8(totally))oppositeviewthatherthreedaughtersshouldgeteducatednomatterwhatothersthoughtandnomattereq\o(what,\s\do8(how))hardlifewas.Mymothergotlittleeducationbecauseeq\o(∧,\s\do8(of))theChineseCulturalRevolutionandshedecidednottoletthesamethingtohappentohergirls.Toeq\o(his,\s\do8(her))delight,wethreesisterswenttocollegeandgotwell-educated.Andnow,weallhaveourjobsandourownhappyfamilies.Weareeq\o(such,\s\do8(so))gratefulforwhatMumhasdoneforus.〖解析〗1．考查名詞。句意：我的媽媽65歲了。sixty-fiveyearsold“65歲”。故year→years。2．考查定語從句。句意：我的媽媽65歲了，她把自己奉獻給整個家庭以及我們?nèi)齻€女兒。這里構(gòu)成非限制性定語從句，用who指代媽媽。故that→who。3．考查冠詞。句意：今天，我仍然很清楚地記得有一段時期，在遙遠的鄉(xiāng)村生活真的很困難。這里的time是可數(shù)名詞，表示“時期”。故the→a。4．考查連詞。句意：那兒的人們有很強的偏見，認為女孩不應該去上學而應該待在家里做家務活。根據(jù)句意可知and→but。5．考查副詞。句意：然而，我的媽媽有完全不同的觀點。用副詞totally修飾形容詞opposite。故total→totally。6．考查副詞。句意：她的三個女兒應該受到教育，無論別人怎么想，無論生活多么的困難。用表示程度的副詞修飾形容詞hard。nomatterhowhardlifewas“無論生活多么困難”。故what→how。7．考查介詞短語。句意：由于文化大革命，我的媽媽沒有受過什么教育。because后加句子，becauseof后接theChineseCulturalRevolution。故because后加of。8．考查固定句式。句意：她決定不讓同樣的事情發(fā)生在她的女兒身上。letsb.dosth.“讓某人做某事”。故刪掉happen前面的to。9．考查代詞。句意：令她高興的是，我們?nèi)忝枚伎忌狭舜髮W，受到很好的教育。很明顯，這里是“令媽媽高興的是”。故his→her。10．考查副詞。句意：我們很感激媽媽為我們做的一切。so后接形容詞grateful。故such→so。必修四Unit1WomenofachievementⅠ.閱讀理解A(2021·湖北省荊門市高三聯(lián)考)MaryAnningwasanEnglishfossilcollector,dealerandpaleontologist(古生物學家).Herfossil-huntinghelpedchangethewaypeoplethoughtabouttheworld.MarywasbornintoapoorfamilyinEnglandonMay21,1799.ShelivedintheseasidetownofLymeRegis,inDorset.Thefamilyhadninechildren.OnlyMaryandherbrotherJosephgrewup.Mary'sfathertookhischildrenalongthebeach.Theypickedupshellsandstonestoselltovisitors.Marydidnotgotoschoolmuch.Herfamilywastoopoor.Andschoolsdidnotteachchildrenaboutfossils.Marycouldreadandwrite.Shetaughtherself.Shelearnedaboutrocksandhowbodiesaremade.In1811whenMaryandJosephwerefossilhunting,Josephsawabonestickingoutoftherock.Maryhadahammertochipawayattherock.Verycarefullysheuncoveredit.Shefoundthefirstcompletefossiloftheichthyosaur(魚龍)．Sincethen,Marybecamecrazyaboutfossilhunting.Shelikedtohuntonthebeachafterastorm.Thewind,rainandwavesmadetherockscrumble.Itwaseasytospotfossils.MostdaysMarywentfossilhuntingwithherdog,Tray.RichfriendshelpedMarybysellingfossilsforher.Theysenthermoney.Scientistswrotelettersandcametoseeher.OnegoodfriendwasWilliamBuckland,aprofessoratOxfordUniversity.Maryalsoopenedashoptosellfossils,stonesandshells.Shechattedwithvisitors.MaryAnningdiedin1847.Howevolution(進化)workswasexplainedbyCharlesDarwinnotlongafterMarydied.Herfossilshadhelpedscientistsunderstandhowthingsbegan.文章大意：這是一篇人物傳記。短文敘述了英國化石收藏家、商人和古生物學家瑪麗·安寧的故事。1．WhydidMary'sfathertakehischildrenalongthebeach？BA．Toenjoylife.B．Tomakealiving.C．Tolookforfossils.D．Toteachthemaboutfossils.〖解析〗推理判斷題。由第二段“MarywasbornintoapoorfamilyinEnglandonMay21,1799.OnlyMaryandherbrotherJosephgrewup.Mary'sfathertookhischildrenalongthebeach.Theypickedupshellsandstonestoselltovisitors.”可知，1799年5月21日，瑪麗出生于英國一個貧窮的家庭?，旣惖母赣H經(jīng)常帶著他的孩子們沿著海灘走。他們撿貝殼和石頭賣給游客。所以瑪麗的父親帶孩子們?nèi)ズ＿吺菫榱酥\生。故選B項。2．WhatcanwelearnaboutMary？DA．Herfatherwasapaleontologist.B．Herfathereducatedherathome.C．Shehadninebrothersandsistersinall.D．Shemightbepopularatthattime.〖解析〗推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段“Scientistswrotelettersandcametoseeher.Maryalsoopenedashoptosellfossils,stonesandshells.Shechattedwithvisitors”可知，科學家寫信要來拜訪她?，旣愡€開了一家商店出售化石、石頭和貝殼且與到訪的游客聊一些關于化石的信息。所以通過關鍵詞“Scientistswrotelettersandcametoseeher.Shechattedwithvisitors.”可以判斷出，在那個時候她很有名，很受歡迎。故選D項。3．Whowasthefirstonetocatchsightoftherockcontainingthefirstcompleteichthyosaurfossil？DA．CharlesDarwin. B．Mary'sdog.C．Mary. D．Joseph.〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。由第三段“In1811whenMaryandJosephwerefossilhunting,Josephsawabonestickingoutoftherock.”可知，1811年，當瑪麗和約瑟夫在尋找化石時，約瑟夫看到一根骨頭從巖石中伸出來了。所以約瑟夫是第一個看到含有第一個完整魚龍化石的人。故選D項。4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“crumble”inthefourthparagraphmeans？AA．Break. B．Shake.C．Float. D．Dive.〖解析〗詞義猜測題。由第四段“Shelikedtohuntonthebeachafterastorm.Thewind,rainandwavesmadetherockscrumble.Itwaseasytospotfossils.”可知，暴風雨過后她喜歡在海灘上尋找化石。風、雨、浪使巖石變得碎裂，很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)化石。所以通過上下文語境可以判斷出第四段畫線的“crumble”是break“破裂”的意思。故選A項。B(2020·菏澤市6月訓練)DaphneSoares,abiologist,makesanamazingdiscoveryaboutalligators(短吻鱷).Thefirsttimeshegotreallyclosetoanalligatorwaswhenshewashelpingtoholddownaneight-footAmericanalligator.Itwasthenthatshenoticeditsfacewascoveredwithlittleblackspots.Thisledtothediscoveryofthelittleblackdots.Shestartedherstudyoftheblackdots.Whenshereadthebooksandthescientificjournals,shelearnedthatpeoplehadnoticedthedots,butnoonereallyknewwhatthedotswerefor.Tofindoutthesecret,sheplacedelectrodes(電極)onnervescomingfromsomeofthedots.Whenthenervesfired,theysentamessagetothebrainandcreatedatinyelectriccurrent(電流).Justthensheheardasmallsoundoveraloudspeaker.Shetriedtoseeifthedotsactedlikeeyesandtemperaturesensors,butnothingworked.Onedayshewascarelesswithdroppingatoolintoanalligator'stank.Whensheputherhandinthetanktogetthetoolout,shemadesmallwavesinthewater.Whentheyreachedthealligator'sface,sheheardanoiseoverthespeaker.Shethenrealizedthatthedotsmustbesensitivetothechangesinpressurewhenhitbywavesofwater.Afterthat,sheisnowstudyingblindcavefish.Sheistryingtolearnwhethertheyareblindfrombirthorlosetheirsightastheygrowup.Sheisalsodoingmoreresearchoncrocodilians.Shewantstofindouthowthegenesofalligatorswithpressuresensorsonlyontheirfacesdifferfromthegenesofcrocodiliansthathavepressuresensorsallovertheirbody.文章大意：本文是記敘文，主題語境是“人與自然”。文章講述了生物學家達芙妮·索雷斯(DaphneSoares)偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)短吻鱷臉上小黑點的作用的故事，以及她在其他方面的研究工作。5．WhydidDaphneSoaresfirstgetclosetothealligator？DA．Toobserveitsblackdots.B．Tofindthesecretofitsdots.C．Tohelpotherstoholditup.D．Topreventitfrommoving.〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thefirsttimeshegotreallyclosetoanalligatorwaswhenshewashelpingtoholddownaneight-footAmericanalligator.”可知，達芙妮·索雷斯第一次近距離接觸短吻鱷是因為要幫忙按住它。故選D項。6．WhathappenedwhenDaphneSoaresfirstputelectrodesonthenervesofsomeblackdots？AA．Alittlenoisewassentout.B．Anelectriccurrentcreatedamessage.C．Thenerveswereonfiresuddenly.D．Thenervessensedtemperaturechanges.〖解析〗細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Whenthenervesfired，theysentamessagetothebrainandcreatedatinyelectriccurrent(電流)．Justthensheheardasmallsoundoveraloudspeaker.”可知，通電之后通過揚聲器她聽到了細小的聲音。故選A項。7．HowdidDaphneSoaresfirstfindthefunctionofalligators'blackdots？CA．Byexperiment. B．Byreference.C．Byaccident. D．Bycomparison.〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段描述的達芙妮·索雷斯發(fā)現(xiàn)短吻鱷臉上斑點作用的過程可推知，她是通過一次小意外發(fā)現(xiàn)的(她不小心把一個工具掉進了短吻鱷所在的水池里，她伸手進去拿的時候引起了漣漪，漣漪碰到短吻鱷的臉，然后她聽到揚聲器發(fā)出了聲音)。故選C項。8．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph？BA．Cavefishlosesightastheygrowup.B．DaphneSoaresdevotesherenergytoresearchwork.C．Alligators'genesarethesameascrocodilians'.D．DaphneSoaresdiscoveredanewspeciesofalligator.〖解析〗推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段內(nèi)容可知，達芙妮·索雷斯除了研究短吻鱷，還在研究洞穴魚，并對鱷目動物進行更多的研究工作，由此可知，達芙妮·索雷斯把自己的精力投入到研究工作中。故選B項。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(2021·濟南五校聯(lián)考)WandaAustin,aninternationallycelebratedengineerandaerospaceindustry(航空航天工業(yè))leader,hasbeenapartoftheSTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics)industrysinceherearliestprofessionaldaysworkingatRockwellInternational.1.E.Raisedinalow-incomeneighborhoodintheBronx,Dr.Austinalwaysfavoredmathinschoolaboveallelse;shefoundcormfortinthefactthatmath'sanswerscouldn'tbeargued.2.D.Itwasn'tuntilshestartedworkingasanengineeringtutorwhenreceivingthehighereducationthatsherealizedwhatshereallywantedtobeoccupiedin：STEM.AustinbeganworkingatAerospaceasoneofthefewfemaleengineers,atrendthathasn'tchangedmuchbetweenherstartatthecompanyin1982andnow.3.C.ThesuccessintheGPSsatelliteAirForcecommunicationsandthePentagon'sglobalnetworkofstrategiccommunications,allledtohereventualpromotiontoCEOandPresidentofAerospace.4.A.HermostrecentcommitmentistomotivatethenextgenerationoflearnerstostudySTEMdisciplines,asshehopestoserveasarolemodelforyoungwomenandminoritieslookingtogodownsimilarpaths.Andshe'sstartedprogramstostrengthenSTEMlearningforeveryone.Austin'sadviceforaspiringengineersisaroundsomethingyoumightnotexpect.5.B.Toher,itisjustasimportanttostudyasitistobeabletotalkabouttheimpactoftheSTEMworktothoseoutsideofthedisciplines.A．Dr.AustinpaysgreatattentiontotheeducationB．ShehighlightsthevirtueofstrongcommunicationC．Still,sheachievedaseriesofimpressiveperformancesD．ThepassiondroveherundergraduateandgraduatestudiesE．HerloveforSTEMbeganlongbeforethestartofhercareerF．Dr.AustinisneveronetoshyawayfromadifficultchallengeG．MaybeherinitiativeswillbeenoughtoinspirethenextgenerationofSTEMleaders文章大意：本文是記敘文，主題是“人與社會”。文章介紹了國際知名的工程師和航空航天工業(yè)方面的領袖人物WandaAustin的學習經(jīng)歷、所取得的成就等。〖解析〗1．考查承上啟下句。空前一段提到了Austin在STEM方面的成就，空后講述在從事專業(yè)領域前，她與STEM的淵源，故E項“HerloveforSTEMbeganlongbeforethestartofhercareer”承接上下文，符合語境。2．考查細節(jié)支撐句。空前提到“Dr.Austinalwaysfavoredmathinschoolaboveallelse；shefoundcomfortinthefactthatmath'sanswerscouldn'tbeargued.”，D項是這一內(nèi)容的順承，符合語境，且D選項中的“undergraduateandgraduatestudies”與空后的“thehighereducation”呼應。3．考查承上啟下句。由后一句可知，此處敘述Dr.Austin在公司中工作出色，取得了一系列成就，與空前一句談到的“Austin是公司為數(shù)不多的幾個女性工程師之一”形成輕微的轉(zhuǎn)折關系，故C項符合語境。4．考查段落主旨句。根據(jù)本段中的“HermostrecentcommitmentistomotivatethenextgenerationoflearnerstostudySTEMdisciplines...godownsimilarpaths”“strengthenSTEMlearningforeveryone.”可知，本段強調(diào)Dr.Austin為教育付出了很多，A項能概括段落內(nèi)容。5．考查細節(jié)支撐句。根據(jù)空后的“itisjustimportanttostudy...talkabouttheimpactoftheSTEMworktothoseoutsideofthedisciplines.”可知，Dr.Austin認為學習知識和溝通一樣重要，所以她也很重視溝通，B項符合語境。Ⅲ.語法填空(2021·山東省六地市聯(lián)考)FionaKolbinger,a2-year-oldGermancyclistwithlittleexperiencein1.competitive(compete)cycling,tooktheworldbysurprisewhenshebecamethefirstfemaletowintheTranscontinentalRaceonAugust6,2019.Shecompleted2.atotalof2,485milesfromBulgariatoFrancein10days,2hours,and48minutes.Thisyear'sracestartedonJuly27th,2019.Intherace,thecompetitorshadtodecidefor3.themselves(they)where,when,andhowmuchtheyateandslept.Theyalsohadtorideintemperatures4.that/whichrangedfrom4℃to37℃andendurefreezingrain,thunderstorms,andheatwaves.TheTranscontinentalRace5.wasfounded(found)in2013bytheBritishcyclistMikeHall.Therace,6.thought(think)tobeoneofthehardestofitskind,challengesnotonlyracers'cyclingskillsandendurance(耐力),butalsotheirrouteplanningandtimemanagementskills.Also,different7.fromothercyclingcompetitionswheretheroutesare8.carefully(careful)laidout,theTranscontinentalRacerequirescompetitorstoplantheirowncourse.Theonly9.requirement(require)istocheckinatfourstops,locatedatvariouspointsalongtheway.10.Tomake(make)sureallcompetitorsundergosomeofthesamechallenges,eachcheckpointisfollowedbydemandingterrain(地形)．文章大意：本文是記敘文，主題語境是“人與自我”。2019年theTranscontinentalRace落下帷幕。德國女選手FionaKolbinger以10天2小時48分的成績奪冠，成為這個比賽的第一位女性冠軍。1．考查形容詞。此處應用形容詞作定語。2．考查冠詞。此處表示總路程，應該用atotalof“共計……”。故填a。3．考查代詞。主語是thecompetitors，此處表示選手必須自己做決定，因此應該用they的反身代詞形式themselves。4．考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，先行詞temperatures后跟一個限制性定語從句，關系代詞在從句中作主語，表示物，故用that/which。5．考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。TranscontinentalRace和found之間是被動關系，故用被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語in201