湖南省雅禮中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期月考（一）英語(yǔ)試題

大聯(lián)考雅禮中學(xué)2024屆高三月考試卷（一）英語(yǔ)本試題卷分為聽力、閱讀、語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用和寫作四個(gè)部分，共10頁(yè)。時(shí)量120分鐘。滿分150分。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)、先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽下面5段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whendidthematchactuallystart?A.At6:45pm.B.At7:15pm.C.At7:30pm2.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Heprefersstudytoapicnic.B.Hedislikesautumn.C.Heisratherbusy.3.Wheredoes,theconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inashoppingmall.B.Inasupermarket.C.Inthestreet.4.Whatdothespeakersthinkoftheperformance?A.Moving.B.Disappointing.C.Interesting.5.Whichshoesarethemostexpensive?A.Theredones.B.Thewhiteones.C.Theblueones.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽下面5段對(duì)話威獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘，聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答小題。6.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Rentavehicle.B.Collectavehicle.C.Purchaseavehicle.7.Whatdoesthemanoffertodo?A.Bringanagreement.B.Sendaconfirmationnumber.C.Searchthedatabase.聽下面一段長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答小題。8.Whathappenedlastnight?A.Theairconditionerbrokedown.BTheelectricitywascutoffduetothestrongwind.C.Theelectricfansbrokedown.9.Whatwillthemanprobablydo?A.Buysomeice.B.Repairtheairconditioner.C.Repairtheelectricitysystem.聽下面一段長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答小題。10.Whatisthemanspeaker?A.Aphysician.B.Anoperator.C.Anurse.11.What'swrongwiththewoman'sbrother?A.Hehurthisleg.B.Hewasoutofbreath.C.Helostconsciousness.12.Whatinformationisneeded?A.Thewoman'sbrother'sname.B.Thewoman'slocation.C.Thewoman'sphonenumber.13.Whatisthemanspeaker'ssuggestion?A.Keepingcool.B.Sendingforadoctor.C.Movingtoasafeplace.聽下面一段長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答小題。14.WhydoesCherrycallRyan?A.Becauseshemisseshim.B.Becausesheneedsvolunteerstohelpout.C.BecauseshewantstointroduceLindatohim.15.WhenwillRyanprobablyhavetimetohelpout?A.Sunday.B.Fridayafternoon.C.BothmorningsofFridayandSaturday.16.WhatdoesRyanhavetodobeforeleaving?A.HehastogetintouchwithLinda.B.Hehastogetthebookordersout.C.Hehastogiveguidedtourstothenewstudents.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答小題。17.Whatwilltherailwaypanydowiththecarpark?A.Changeitforamultistoryone.B.Enlargetheparkingarea.C.ConnectittotheHighstreet.18.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthelibrary?A.Itwillmovetoadifferentsite.B.Itwillcloseforaboutsixweeks.C.Itwillextendtheopeninghours.19.Whatchangewillbemadetothenaturereserve?A.Thecouncilwillofferthefundtoit.B.Therewillbeachargeforaccesstoit.C.Anationalorganizationwillmanageit.20.What'sthespeakerdoing?A.Announcingsomeplans.B.Givingalecture.C.Introducingatown.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題分，滿分分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AIfyouwanttounderstandChinabutcan’taffordanexpensiveinternationalflight,thesefourbookscangiveyouapleteoverviewofthecountry.RiverTownRiverTown:TwoYearsontheYangtzebyPeterHesslerThisbookisajournaloftheauthor’stwoyearsspentteachingEnglishinasmalltowncalledFuling,situatedonthebanksoftheYangtzeRiver.Hesslerwritesabouthisexperienceslivinginaforeigncultureandobservingthelivesofthetown’sresidents.Thebookwaspublishedin2001andhaswonseveralawards,includingtheKiriyamaPrize.DengXiaopingandtheTransformationofChinaItisabookthattellsthestoryofChina’smodernization.ItwaswrittenbyEzraVogelandpublishedin2011.TheauthordescribeshowDengXiaoping’spoliciesledtosignificantchangesinChina’seconomyandsociety.ThebookhasreceivedcriticalhonorsandwontheLionelGelberPrizeIn2012.TheSearchforModernChinabyJonathanSpenceThisbookisaprehensivehistoryofChinafromtheMingdynastytothepresentday.Theauthor,aprominentscholarofChinesehistory,providesadetailedanalysisofthesocial,cultural,andpoliticalchangesthathavetakenplaceinChinaoverthepast500years.Thebookwasfirstputoutin1990andhassincebeenrevisedandupdatedseveraltimes.Thisbookwasthetopbestsellerforyears.FactoryGirls:FromVillagetoCityinaChangingChinaWrittenbyLeslieT.Chang,thisbook,publishedin2008,isreportageonthelivesofyoungwomenwholeavetheirruralhomestoworkinfactoriesinChina’scities.Chang,aformerNewYorkTimescorrespondent(someonewhoisemployedbyanewspaperoratelevisionstationetc.toreportnewsfromaparticularareaoronaparticularsubject),interviewedhundredsoffactorygirlstoprovideinsightintothesocialandeconomicchangesinChina.1.WhatkindofbookisRiverTown?A.Sciencefiction. B.Nonfiction.C.AtravelguideofFuling. D.Areferencebook.2.WhatisTRUEaboutTheSearchforModernChinabyJonathanSpence?A.Itwaspublished500yearsago. B.Itwaswrittenbyahistoryteacher.C.Itwasverypopular. D.Ithasremainedthesamesinceitsfirstpublication.3.Whichbookiswrittenbyareporter?A.RiverTown.B.DengXiaopingandtheTransformationofChina.C.TheSearchforModernChina.D.FactoryGirls:FromVillagetoCityinaChangingChina.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文介紹了四本中國(guó)主題的文學(xué)作品?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“RiverTown”部分的“Thisbookisajournaloftheauthor’stwoyearsspentteachingEnglishinasmalltowncalledFuling,situatedonthebanksoftheYangtzeRiver.(這本書是作者在長(zhǎng)江岸邊一個(gè)叫涪陵的小鎮(zhèn)教英語(yǔ)兩年的日記。)”可知，RiverTown是作者的生活日志，屬于nonfjction系列。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheSearchforModernChinabyJonathanSpence”部分的“Thisbookwasthetopbestsellerforyears.(這本書多年來(lái)一直是最暢銷書。)”可知，這本書銷量高，很受歡迎。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“FactoryGirls:FromVillagetoCityinaChangingChina”部分的“Chang,aformerNewYorkTimescorrespondent(someonewhoisemployedbyanewspaperoratelevisionstationetc.toreportnewsfromaparticularareaoronaparticularsubject)(前《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》記者（受雇于報(bào)紙或電視臺(tái)等報(bào)道特定地區(qū)或特定主題新聞的人）)”可知，F(xiàn)actoryGirls:FromVillagetoCityinaChangingChina這本書的作者是一名記者。故選D。BFouryearsago,RomeLeykinwasonhiswaytoworkwhenheaccidentallyfellontothetracksofBrooklyn'sLtrainasasubwaywasapproaching.Theincidentresultedinthelossofbothofhislegs.Butsurprisingly,withthelossofhislegs,Leykingainedanewpassionforracing.Beforehisaccident,hewasn'treallythatathletic.Hewouldjustoccasionallyplaybasketball.Butthatallchangedafterhewasintroducedtohandcycling.“WhenIsawit,Iwaslike,‘Oh,thisisgreat.Youdon'tevenneedlegstouseit.Thisisperfect.’”hesaid.“So,Igotonit,Irodeandfellinlovewithitrightaway.”Withinafewmonths,hepletedtheTDFiveBoroBikeTour.a40mileridethroughNewYorkCity.Afterthat,hedidhisfirstmarathonin2021.Hefishedthatracein2hoursand11minutes,placing12thoutof38.“I'mgoingtoattendthisyear'smarathonandtakeonchallenges.Myhandsareonthewheel,myeyesarefocused,andIthinkmytimeisgoingtospeakforitself.”hesaid.He'smadeasignificantmitmenttotraining.Hehandcyclesatleast13.1milesacoupletimesaweekandspendsalotoftimeinthegym.Andheplanstokeeppursuinghisathletegoals.HewantstopletetheAbbottSixtheworld'ssixlargestmarathons.Oneday,hesaid,he'llmaybeevenmaketheParalympics.Forthosewhomightbefollowinghisjourney,hehopestheywilltakesomelessonsfromhisstory.“Therewillbeupsanddownsbutthetrendiswhat'simportant.Focusonthegood,”hesaid.“Andalso,takeyourbigproblemsandsplitthemintosmallsolutions.Andthenallofasudden,yourbigproblemsturnintomanysmallwins.”4.WhatcanwelearnaboutRomeLeykinfromparagraph2?A.Heoncewasanexcellentbasketballplayer.B.Heconsideredhandcyclingdifficultinthebeginning.C.Hemadehandcyclingmorepopularamongthedisabled.D.Heshowedaninterestinhandcyclingthemomenthesawit.5.HowdidRomeLeykinfeelabouttheingmarathon?A.Worried. B.Curious. C.Confident. D.Nervous.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeRomeLeykin?A.Easygoingandreliable. B.Kindheartedandhelpful.C.Openmindedandcreative. D.Strongwilledandambitious.7.WhatmessagedoesRomeLeykinconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Sticktoyourdreams. B.Breakdownyourgoals.C.Focusonyourstrengths. D.Achievesuccessatallcosts.【答案】4.D5.C6.D7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了羅姆·雷金（RomeLeykin）在一次意外事故中失去雙腿后，通過(guò)手動(dòng)腳踏車運(yùn)動(dòng)重新找到了對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的熱情，并開始參加手動(dòng)自行車比賽和馬拉松比賽。他堅(jiān)定地訓(xùn)練自己，希望能夠完成世界六大馬拉松賽事，甚至進(jìn)入殘奧會(huì)。他希望人們從他的故事中學(xué)到：面對(duì)問(wèn)題要專注于積極的一面，將大問(wèn)題拆分為小的解決方案，從小勝利中獲得成長(zhǎng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中““WhenIsawit,Iwaslike,‘Oh,thisisgreat.Youdon'tevenneedlegstouseit.Thisisperfect.’”hesaid.“So,Igotonit,Irodeandfellinlovewithitrightaway.”(“當(dāng)我看到它的時(shí)候，我就想，‘哦，這太棒了。你甚至不需要腿就能使用它。這是完美的?！彼f(shuō)?！八?，我騎上了它，馬上就愛上了它?！?”可知，他一看到手動(dòng)自行車就表現(xiàn)出了興趣。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“He'smadeasignificantmitmenttotraining.Hehandcyclesatleast13.1milesacoupletimesaweekandspendsalotoftimeinthegym.(他對(duì)訓(xùn)練作出了重大承諾。他每周騎幾次自行車至少英里，并花很多時(shí)間在健身房。)”可知，他對(duì)即將到來(lái)的比賽，做了大量的準(zhǔn)備和訓(xùn)練，因此是信心滿滿的。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Withinafewmonths,hepletedtheTDFiveBoroBikeTour.a40mileridethroughNewYorkCity.Afterthat,hedidhisfirstmarathonin2021.Hefishedthatracein2hoursand11minutes,placing12thoutof38.(在幾個(gè)月內(nèi)，他完成了TD五Boro自行車之旅。在紐約市騎行40英里之后，他在2021年參加了自己的第一次馬拉松比賽。他以2小時(shí)11分鐘的成績(jī)完成了比賽，在38名選手中排名第12。)”以及倒數(shù)第二段中“HewantstopletetheAbbottSixtheworld'ssixlargestmarathons.Oneday,hesaid,he'llmaybeevenmaketheParalympics.(他想完成雅培六場(chǎng)馬拉松賽——世界上最大的六場(chǎng)馬拉松賽。他說(shuō)，有一天，他甚至可能參加殘奧會(huì)。)”可知，RomeLeykin不僅身殘志堅(jiān)，而且還積極準(zhǔn)備參加更多的比賽。由此體現(xiàn)出他是意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)和有著遠(yuǎn)大抱負(fù)的人。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Andalso,takeyourbigproblemsandsplitthemintosmallsolutions.Andthenallofasudden,yourbigproblemsturnintomanysmallwins.(同時(shí)，把你的大問(wèn)題分解成小的解決方案。然后突然之間，你的大問(wèn)題變成了許多小勝利。)”可知，RomeLeykin認(rèn)為在實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)過(guò)程中，面對(duì)問(wèn)題要專注于積極的一面，將大問(wèn)題拆分為小的解決方案，從小勝利中獲得成長(zhǎng)。B選項(xiàng)“Breakdownyourgoals.(拆分你的目標(biāo))”符合文章信息。故選B。CAroundtheSaharaDesert,daytimetemperaturescanreach140degreesFahrenheit(60degreesCentigrade).Notmanyorganismscansurviveinthissevereenvironment.ButaninsectcalledtheSaharansilverantthrives.Theyquicklyrunontothesandfromtheirprotectedneststogatherupthebodiesoflessfortunateinsectsthathavediedfromtheheat.“Thehottertheday,themoreinsectbodiestheywillfindandthemorefoodtheyhave.”saysSarahPfeffer,ananimalbehavioristatUlmUniversityinGermany.ShesaysthattoavoidsinkingintotheSaharansand,wheretheycouldmeetthesamefateastheirlunch,silverantshavetobefast.Todocumentjusthowquicklytheantsmove,Pfefferandhercolleaguessetuphighspeedcamerasaboveachannelbetweentheentrancetothehungryants'nestandafoodsource.Theresearchersrecordedtopspeedsapproaching35inchespersecond.“Butifyoureallyknowhowbigtheanimalsare,andyoucalculatethebodylengthpersecond,youeupwithawalkingspeedthatisanastonishing108bodylengthspersecond.”Thatfiguremakesthemthefastestknownantontheplanet.Thevideosrevealedhowtheantsachievesuchgreatspeeds.Astheyaccelerate.theirlegmovementsbeesynchronized(同步的).Theyincreasetheirsteplengthbybringingallsixfeetoffthesandatonce.“Really,alllegsareliftedfromtheground.Theyareinair,butit'snotjumping.It'saverysmoothrunthattheyhave”saysPfeffer.Pfeffersaysthey'refasterthanacloselyrelatedantspeciescalledCataglyphisfortis,whichhaslongerlegsbutalessimpressiveairbornephase(騰空階段).Thatantonlyreachesabout24inchespersecond,ortwothirdsofthesilverant'smaximum.TheSaharansilverants'rapidspeedsmaybeimpressive,buttwoinsectsareevenLaster:theCaliforniacoastalmiteandtheAustraliantigerbeetle,bothofwhichalsothriveatlifethreateningtemperatures.Seemsthattobeattheheat,itpaystobefleet.8.Theunderlinedword"thrives"inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans“________”.A.beesextinct B.movesaway C.getsweaker D.livessuccessfully9.WhatcanwelearnaboutSaharansilverantsfromthepassage?A.Theysometimesdiefromtheheat.B.Theyarethefastestknownanimalsontheplanet.C.Theirlegmovementsbeesynchronizedwhentheyspeedup.D.TheymovefasterthantheCaliforniacoastalmiteandtheAustraliantigerbeetle.10.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoexplainbywingtheexampleoftheCauliformCrestamile?A.It'simportanttobefastinanextremecondition.B.Notmanyorganismscansurviveinasevereenvironment.C.TheanimalhasalessimpressivespeedthantheSaharansilverant.D.SaharansilverantsgatherupthebodiesoftheCaliforniacoastalmites.11.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AnimalsSurviveinExtremeHot B.TheFastestKnownBeetleonthePlanetCFleetAntBeatsSaharanHeat D.AntsIncreaseStepLengthbyJumping【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。這篇文章介紹了撒哈拉銀蟻這種昆蟲能夠在極端環(huán)境下生存并且以驚人的速度奔跑。這種銀蟻的奔跑速度是已知螞蟻中最快的，比其他親屬種類的螞蟻速度更快。此外，文章還提到了另外兩種昆蟲也能在高溫環(huán)境下生存并且速度更快。因此文章指出對(duì)于這些生命體來(lái)說(shuō)，快速移動(dòng)似乎是在抵抗高溫的一種策略?！?題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞前面的句子“

Notmanyorganismscansurviveinthissevereenvironment.(沒有多少生物能在這種惡劣的環(huán)境中生存。)”可知，此處指出沒有多少生物活下來(lái)，其與but后的句子構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，故此處指出這種被稱作撒哈拉銀蟻這種昆蟲卻能夠在惡劣的環(huán)境中生存下來(lái)。故劃線詞與D選項(xiàng)“l(fā)ivessuccessfully(成功地生存)”為同義詞。故選D。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Astheyaccelerate.theirlegmovementsbeesynchronized(同步的).

(當(dāng)它們加速時(shí)。他們的腿部運(yùn)動(dòng)變得同步。)”可知，當(dāng)他們加速時(shí)，他們的腿部運(yùn)動(dòng)變得同步。故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“

theCaliforniacoastalmiteandtheAustraliantigerbeetle,bothofwhichalsothriveatlifethreateningtemperatures.Seemsthattobeattheheat,itpaystobefleet.(加利福尼亞海岸螨和澳大利亞虎甲蟲在極度炎熱的溫度下都能生存繁衍。似乎要抵御酷熱，速度是最佳選擇。)”可知，通過(guò)列舉加利福尼亞海岸螨和澳大利亞虎甲蟲在極度炎熱的溫度下都能生存繁衍是因?yàn)樗鼈兊乃俣群芸?，故通過(guò)這兩個(gè)例子是為了說(shuō)明，在極端條件下保持速度是很重要的。故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文這篇文章介紹了撒哈拉銀蟻這種昆蟲能夠在極端環(huán)境下生存并且以驚人的速度奔跑。研究人員使用高速攝像機(jī)記錄了銀蟻奔跑時(shí)的畫面，發(fā)現(xiàn)它們的腿部動(dòng)作非常協(xié)調(diào)，并且能夠一次將六只腳都離開沙地。這種銀蟻的奔跑速度是已知螞蟻中最快的，比其他親屬種類的螞蟻速度更快。此外，文章還提到了列舉加利福尼亞海岸螨和澳大利亞虎甲蟲這兩種昆蟲也能在高溫環(huán)境下生存并且速度更快。對(duì)于這些生命體來(lái)說(shuō)，快速移動(dòng)似乎是在抵抗高溫的一種策略。C選項(xiàng)“FleetAntBeatsSaharanHeat(速度奔跑的螞蟻對(duì)抗撒哈拉沙漠的高溫)”概括文章的主要內(nèi)容，符合標(biāo)題。故選C。DResearchersattheUniversityofMassachusettsAmherst(UMassAmherst)recentlyannouncedthattheyhavefiguredouthowtoengineerabiofilm(生物膜)thatharveststheenergyinevaporation(蒸發(fā))andchangesittoelectricity.Thisbiofilm,whichwasannouncedinNaturemunications,hasthepotentialtorevolutionizetheworldofwearableelectronics,poweringeverythingfrompersonalmedicalsensorstopersonalelectronics.“Thisisaveryexcitingtechnology,”saysLiuXiaomeng,graduatestudentinelectricalandputerengineeringinUMassAmherst’sCollegeofEngineeringandthepaper’sleadauthor.“Itgeneratesrealgreenenergy,andunlikeothersocalled‘greenenergy’sources,itsproductionistotallygreen.”That’sbecausethisbiofilmwhichisasheetofbacterialcellsandasthinasasheetofpaperisproducednaturallybyan,engineeredversionofthebacteriumGeobactersulfurreducens(硫還原地桿菌).G.sulfurreducensisknowntoproduceelectricityandhasbeenusedpreviouslyin“microbialbatteries”topowerelectricalequipment.ButsuchbatteriesrequirethatG.sulfurreducensbeproperlycaredforandfedaconstantdiet.Bycontrast,thisnewbiofilm,whichcansupplyasmuchenergyasaparablysizedbattery,workscontinuously,becauseitisdead.Andbecauseit’sdead,itdoesn’tneedtobefed.Thesecretbehindthisnewbiofilmisthatitmakesenergyfromthemoisture(水分)onyourskin.Thoughwedailyreadstoriesaboutsolarpower,atleast50%ofthesolarenergyreachingtheearthgoestowardevaporatingwater.“Thisisahuge,undiscoveredsourceofenergy,”saysYaoJun,professorofelectricalandputerengineeringatUMassAmherst,andthepaper’soneseniorauthor.Sincethesurfaceofourskinisconstantlymoistwithsweat,thebiofilmcan“pluginto”itandchangetheenergylockedinevaporationintoenoughenergytopowersmallequipment.“Ournextstepistoincreasethesizeofourfilmtopowermoreintelligentwearableelectronics,”saysYao,andLiupointsoutthatoneofthegoalsistopowerentireelectronicsystems,ratherthansingleequipment.12.Whatfunctionisthebiofilmexpectedtoachieve?A.Updatingwearableelectronics. B.Acquiringpowerfromevaporation.C.Changingthewayofgettingelectricity. D.Supplyingenergyto“microbialbatteries”.13.Whatistheadvantageofthebiofilmparedwith“microbialbatteries”?A.It’sthinnerinthickness. B.It’senvironmentallyfriendly.C.Itreducesthecostinusage. D.Itemploysarareenergysource.14.Howdoesthebiofilmpowersmalldevices?A.Byinteractingwithsolarpower. B.Bygainingenergyfromelectronicsystems.C.Byusingwatertogenerateelectricity. D.Byproducingcontinuouselectricityfromsweat.15.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebiofilm?A.Flexible. B.Controversial. C.Promising. D.Delicate.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了馬薩諸塞大學(xué)阿默斯特分校的研究人員已經(jīng)知道如何設(shè)計(jì)制造出一種能收集蒸發(fā)過(guò)程中的能量，并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為電能的生物膜?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“ResearchersattheUniversityofMassachusettsAmherst(UMassAmherst)recentlyannouncedthattheyhavefiguredouthowtoengineerabiofilm(生物膜)thatharveststheenergyinevaporation(蒸發(fā))andchangesittoelectricity.(馬薩諸塞大學(xué)阿姆赫斯特分校的研究人員最近宣布，他們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了如何設(shè)計(jì)一種生物膜，這種生物膜可以在蒸發(fā)中收集能量并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為電能)”可知，研究人員已經(jīng)知道如何設(shè)計(jì)制造出一種能收集蒸發(fā)過(guò)程中的能量，并將它轉(zhuǎn)化為電能的生物膜了。即這種生物膜的預(yù)期功能是從蒸發(fā)過(guò)程中獲取能量。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“ButsuchbatteriesrequirethatG.sulfurreducensbeproperlycaredforandfedaconstantdiet.Bycontrast,thisnewbiofilm,whichcansupplyasmuchenergyasaparablysizedbattery,workscontinuously,becauseitisdead.Andbecauseit’sdead,itdoesn’tneedtobefed.(但是這樣的電池需要硫還原地桿菌得到適當(dāng)?shù)恼疹櫤统掷m(xù)的飲食。相比之下，這種新的生物膜可以提供與同等大小的電池一樣多的能量，并且可以連續(xù)工作，因?yàn)樗撬赖?。因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)死了，所以不需要喂食)”可知，使用硫還原地桿菌的微生物電池需要使用者照顧硫還原地桿菌，并給它提供食物，而生物膜并沒有這些要求，由此可以推斷出生物膜降低了使用過(guò)程中的花費(fèi)，故選C?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Sincethesurfaceofourskinisconstantlymoistwithsweat,thebiofilmcan“pluginto”itandchangetheenergylockedinevaporationintoenoughenergytopowersmallequipment.“Ournextstepistoincreasethesizeofourfilmtopowermoreintelligentwearableelectronics,”saysYao,andLiupointsoutthatoneofthegoalsistopowerentireelectronicsystems,ratherthansingleequipment.(由于我們的皮膚表面經(jīng)常被汗水濕潤(rùn)，生物膜可以“插入”它，并將蒸發(fā)鎖定的能量轉(zhuǎn)化為足夠的能量，為小型設(shè)備提供動(dòng)力。姚說(shuō):“我們的下一步是增加薄膜的尺寸，為更智能的可穿戴電子設(shè)備供電?！眲⒅赋?，目標(biāo)之一是為整個(gè)電子系統(tǒng)供電，而不是單個(gè)設(shè)備)”可知，生物膜通過(guò)從汗液中產(chǎn)生持續(xù)的電力為小型設(shè)備供電。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thisbiofilm,whichwasannouncedinNaturemunications,hasthepotentialtorevolutionizetheworldofwearableelectronics,poweringeverythingfrompersonalmedicalsensorstopersonalelectronics.(這種生物膜在《自然通訊》雜志上發(fā)表，它有可能徹底改變可穿戴電子產(chǎn)品的世界，為從個(gè)人醫(yī)療傳感器到個(gè)人電子產(chǎn)品的一切提供動(dòng)力)”和最后一段中的““Ournextstepistoincreasethesizeofourfilmtopowermoreintelligentwearableelectronics,”saysYao,andLiupointsoutthatoneofthegoalsistopowerentireelectronicsystems,ratherthansingleequipment.(姚說(shuō)：“我們的下一步是增加薄膜的尺寸，為更智能的可穿戴電子設(shè)備供電?！眲⒅赋?，目標(biāo)之一是為整個(gè)電子系統(tǒng)供電，而不是單個(gè)設(shè)備)”可推知，這種生物膜有非常廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng).選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。YouAreaBetterPersonThanYouThinkYouAreMaybeyouhaven’tachievedgoalsinaselfappointedtimeframe.____16____Butthisdoesn’tmeanyouareabadpersonorafailure.Youcouldindeedbeawonderfulindividual.Youcouldactuallybeamuchbetterpersonthanyoubelieveyouare.So,let’sexaminetheideathatyoumightbebetterthanyouthink.YoushowkindnessBeingpoliteandkindisthemarkofagoodperson.Whenyoudothis,youaretreatingotherslikeyouwouldwanttobetreated.____17____Eventhesmallestofthingsdonotgounnoticedandaretraitsthatyouhaveagoodheart.YouareapositivepersonKeepinganoptimisticattitudeisalsoatraitofagoodpersonwithapowerfulcharacter.Itiseasytobeenegativewithallthebadthingsgoingonintheworld,butthere’sanotherwaytolookatthesethings.Whenyou’reactuallybetterthanyouthink,youwillhavethehabitoflookingonthebrightsideofeverysituationandseeingthebestineveryone.____18________19____Beingwiseisnotaboutbeingintelligent.It’saboutlearningfromlifeexperiences.Whydoesthismakeyouabetterpersonthanyouthink?Wisdomcanbepassedtootherstohelpthemavoidthesamemistakesyoumade.Youareagoodpersonifyou’vecollectedwisdomandlovetosharelessonswithothers.So,goeasyonyourself.Appreciatewhoyouare.Iftherearethingsyouneedtochange,that’sokay.____20____It’saboutourattitudeandourheart.Ibet,ifyoutookthetimetoreadthis,youareabetterpersonthanyouthink.A.Yougivehonestments.B.It’sjustallaboutshowingoptimism.C.Weallhaveproblemsandimperfections.D.Youarewise,andyoushareyourwisdom.E.Maybeyouhavemademanymistakesaswell.F.Respectingothersandtheirspaceshowsadulthood,whichisasignofatrulygoodperson.G.Thismayincludeopeningdoorsforothersorpickingupchangeforpeopleinfrontofyouatthecheckoutline.【答案】16.E17.G18.B19.D20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。你其實(shí)可以成為一個(gè)比你認(rèn)為的更好的人。文章介紹了一些想法讓你比想象的更好?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文提示“Maybeyouhaven’tachievedgoalsinaselfappointedtimeframe.（也許你沒有在自己設(shè)定的時(shí)間框架內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。）”，再根據(jù)下文提示“Butthisdoesn’tmeanyouareabadpersonorafailure.（但這并不意味著你是一個(gè)壞人或失敗者。）”可知，每個(gè)人都有不完美的一面，都會(huì)犯錯(cuò)。承接上下文，E項(xiàng)“Maybeyouhavemademanymistakesaswell.”（也許你也犯了很多錯(cuò)誤。）切題。故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文提示“Beingpoliteandkindisthemarkofagoodperson.Whenyoudothis,youaretreatingotherslikeyouwouldwanttobetreated.（禮貌和善良是一個(gè)好人的標(biāo)志。當(dāng)你這樣做的時(shí)候，你是在以你希望被對(duì)待的方式對(duì)待別人。）”再根據(jù)下文提示“Eventhesmallestofthingsdonotgounnoticedandaretraitsthatyouhaveagoodheart.（即使是最小的事情也不會(huì)被忽視，這是你有一顆善良的心的特征。）”可知，小事也能展示你的禮貌和善良。承接上下文，G項(xiàng)“Thismayincludeopeningdoorsforothersorpickingupchangeforpeopleinfrontofyouatthecheckoutline.”（這可能包括為別人開門，或者在結(jié)賬時(shí)為排在你前面的人拿零錢。）切題。故選G。【18題詳解】根據(jù)上文提示“Whenyou’reactuallybetterthanyouthink,youwillhavethehabitoflookingonthebrightsideofeverysituationandseeingthebestineveryone.（當(dāng)你真比自己想象的更好時(shí)，你就會(huì)養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣，看到每件事光明的一面，看到每個(gè)人最好的一面。）”可知，我們要有樂(lè)觀精神。承接上文，B項(xiàng)“It’sjustallaboutshowingoptimism.”（這一切都是為了表現(xiàn)出樂(lè)觀。）切題。故選B?！?9題詳解】該空是小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)下文提示“Beingwiseisnotaboutbeingintelligent.It’saboutlearningfromlifeexperiences.Whydoesthismakeyouabetterpersonthanyouthink?Wisdomcanbepassedtootherstohelpthemavoidthesamemistakesyoumade.Youareagoodpersonifyou’vecollectedwisdomandlovetosharelessonswithothers.（聰明并不意味著聰明。它是關(guān)于從生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)中學(xué)習(xí)。為什么這會(huì)讓你成為一個(gè)比你想象的更好的人?智慧可以傳遞給他人，幫助他們避免你犯過(guò)的同樣的錯(cuò)誤。如果你收集智慧并喜歡與他人分享經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，你就是一個(gè)好人。）”可知，該段講述的是要與人分享智慧。由此可知，D項(xiàng)“Youarewise,andyoushareyourwisdom.”（你很聰明，你分享你的智慧。）切題。故選D?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文提示“Appreciatewhoyouare.Iftherearethingsyouneedtochange,that’sokay.（欣賞你自己。如果你有需要改變的地方，沒關(guān)系。）”可知，你也會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤，也不完美。承接上文，C項(xiàng)“Weallhaveproblemsandimperfections.”（我們都有問(wèn)題和不完美之處。）切題。故選C。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Imanageafinancialdepartment.Irecentlypromisedmyteamthatiftheyexceeded(超過(guò))theirgoal,thepanywould____21____themtoaverygoodItalianrestaurantthatwealllove.Theyexceededthegoalbyalot,soImadea____22____forthesixteenofus.Thedayofourouting,wewereseated.Rightawayandinawhilethewaitresstookour_____23_____Then,thewaitresstoldusthatshewassorry,becausethepersonwhowassupposedtobehelpingherdidn't____24____.Soshehadto____25____ourparty,andothercustomersonherown.Shelookedvisibly____26____whenItoldherthatIwouldpayforeverythingononecheckinsteadofseparatechecks.Ourorderingwasalittlechaotic(混亂的).Wewerebusyhavingfunandconversation,sononeofus____27____that.Thefoodwasdeliciousandweenjoyeditverymuch.Itcametimeforthe____28____and,aswasexplainedtomewhenImadethereservation,therestaurant____29____an18%tiptothebill.ThebillcametoaboutUS$650beforethetipandIgavehermycreditcard.Shereturnedwithmyreceiptandthankedusand_____30_____thattheirservicewasalittleslow.Wetoldhereverythingwasperfectandthankedherforworkingsohard.Shehadbeensonicetousand_____31_____,thatIleftanadditionalUS$50cashtipinthereceiptfolder.Allofasuddenthewaitresscameoutoftherestaurantandgrabbedmyarm.IwasthinkingifIforgottosignthe_____32_____orsomethingwhenInoticedshehad_____33_____inhereyes.Shethankedmeforthetipandsaidshereallydidn't_____34_____it.Shehadhada_____35_____timelatelyandthetipreallywarmedherheart.21.A.deliver B.treat C.send D.lead22.A.promise B.reservation C.difference D.remark23.A.order B.invitation C.shelf D.menu24.A.setoff B.calmdown C.showup D.ringback25.A.observe B.attend C.handle D.postpone26.A.embarrassed B.shockod C.frightened D.relieved27.A.minded B.heard C.missed D.noticed28.A.wealth B.welfare C.payment D.wage29.A.reduced B.passed C.returned D.added30.A.apologized B.announced C.informed D.indicated31.A.generous B.patient C.honest D.intelligent32.A.form B.substitute C.procedure D.receipt33.A.smiles B.disappointment C.tears D.hope34.A.understand B.deserve C.want D.expect35.A.tough B.warm C.wonderful D.precious【答案】21.B22.B23.A24.C25.C26.D27.A28.C29.D30.A31.B32.D33.C34.D35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者和同事去餐館用餐，服務(wù)員因沒有其他人幫忙一個(gè)人完成了所有的工作，作者提出一次性付錢并額外給了她小費(fèi)讓她很感激。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我最近向我的團(tuán)隊(duì)承諾，如果他們超過(guò)了目標(biāo)，公司將邀請(qǐng)他們?nèi)ヒ患椅覀兌枷矚g的非常好的意大利餐廳。A.deliver分發(fā)，派送；B.treat款待；C.send寄送；D.lead引導(dǎo)。根據(jù)上文“iftheyexceeded(超過(guò))theirgoal”如果他們超過(guò)了目標(biāo)，以及下文“averygoodItalianrestaurantthatwealllove.”一家我們都喜歡的非常好的意大利餐廳，可推知，此處應(yīng)表示作者款待，邀請(qǐng)他們?nèi)ゲ蛷d吃飯。故選B項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了目標(biāo)，所以我為我們16個(gè)人預(yù)定了一個(gè)房間。A.promise承諾；B.reservation預(yù)定；C.difference區(qū)別；D.remark言論。根據(jù)下文“whenImadethereservation,”提到預(yù)定，可知，此處應(yīng)表示作者進(jìn)行了提前預(yù)定。故選B項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：馬上，過(guò)了一會(huì)兒，服務(wù)員為我們點(diǎn)了餐。A.order點(diǎn)菜；B.invitation邀請(qǐng)；C.shelf架子；D.menu菜單。根據(jù)上文“Rightawayandinawhile”以及下文服務(wù)員做的事情可推知，此處應(yīng)表示服務(wù)員為我們點(diǎn)了餐。takeone’sorder“為某人點(diǎn)餐”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：然后，服務(wù)員告訴我們她很抱歉，因?yàn)閼?yīng)該幫助她的人沒有出現(xiàn)。A.setoff出發(fā)；B.calmdown鎮(zhèn)靜；C.showup出現(xiàn)；D.ringback回。根據(jù)上文“thewaitresstoldusthatshewassorry”服務(wù)員告訴我們她很抱歉，可推知，此處應(yīng)表示本應(yīng)該幫助她的人沒有出現(xiàn)。故選C項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：所以她不得不獨(dú)自處理我們的聚會(huì)和其他顧客。A.observe觀察；B.attend出席；C.handle應(yīng)付；D.postpone延遲。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容以及下文“andothercustomersonherown.”可知，此處指的是本應(yīng)該幫助她的人沒有出現(xiàn)，所以只能獨(dú)自應(yīng)付我們這些客戶。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我告訴她我將用一張支票支付所有的費(fèi)用，而不是分開支付時(shí)，她顯然松了一口氣。A.embarrassed尷尬的；B.shocked震驚的；C.frightened害怕的；D.reliev