英語教學(xué)綜合專碩考研王薔《英語教學(xué)法教程》考研真題集

英語教學(xué)綜合專碩考研王薔《英語教學(xué)法教程》考研

真題集

一、語言和語言學(xué)習(xí)

I.Fillintheblanks.

1.AccordingtothetheoryrepresentedbyVygotsky,learningis

bestachievedthroughthedynamicinteractionbetweentheteacherand

thelearnerandbetweenlearners.（山東師范大學(xué)2018研）

【答案】socio-constructivist!

【解析】本題考查的是社會(huì)建構(gòu)主義理論的觀點(diǎn)。以維果茨基為代表的

社會(huì)建構(gòu)主義理論認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)的最佳途徑是師生之間以及學(xué)生之間的活躍互動(dòng)。

2.Thefunctionalviewnotonlyseeslanguageasasystembutalsoa

meansfordoingthings.（安徽師范大學(xué)2015研）

【答案】linguistic!

【解析】本題考查的是功能主義語言理論。該種語言理論不僅將語言視

作語言系統(tǒng)，還將它看作一種方法。

3.Thereareatleastthreetheoreticalviewsoflanguageandthenatureof

languageproficiency.Thefirstis,thesecondisandthethird

is.（天津師范大學(xué)2012研）

【答案】structuralview,functionalview,interactionalview!

【解析】本題考查的是語言理論。語言理論有三種，分別是結(jié)構(gòu)主義語

言理論、功能主義結(jié)構(gòu)理論和交互式語言理論。

4.Theconstructivisttheorybelievesthatisaprocessinwhich

learnersconstructmeaningbasedontheirownexperiencesandwhat

theyalreadyknow.（山東師范大學(xué)2017研）

【答案】learning@~!

【解析】本題考查的是建構(gòu)主義學(xué)習(xí)理論的觀點(diǎn)。建構(gòu)主義認(rèn)為：學(xué)習(xí)

是學(xué)習(xí)者依據(jù)已有經(jīng)驗(yàn)和已有知識(shí)建構(gòu)意義的過程。

5.theoriesemphasizethenatureofthehumanandphysicalcontext

inwhichlanguagelearningtakesplace,suchasthenumberofstudents,

thekindofinputlearnersreceive,andtheatmosphere.

【答案】Condition-oriented@~!

【解析】以（學(xué)習(xí)）條件為導(dǎo)向的理論注重人的本質(zhì)和語言學(xué)習(xí)的物理

環(huán)境，如學(xué)生的人數(shù)，學(xué)習(xí)者接收的語言輸入類型，以及學(xué)習(xí)氣氛。

6.Thetheoryoflanguagelearningwasinitiatedbybehavioural

psychologistSkinner.

【答案】behaviourist!

【解析】語言學(xué)習(xí)的行為主義理論是由行為主義心理學(xué)家斯金納提出的。

7.Skinnersuggestedthatlanguageisalsoaformof.

【答案】behaviour!

【解析】斯金納認(rèn)為，語言也是一種行為。

8.Thetermisoftenusedlooselytodescribemethodsinwhich

studentsareaskedtothinkratherthansimplyrepeat.

【答案】cognitivism!

【解析】認(rèn)知主義常用于描述那些需要學(xué)生思考而不只是重復(fù)的教學(xué)方

法。

9.AccordingtoChomsky,languageisnotaformofbehaviour,itisan

intricatesystemandalargepartoflanguageacquisitionisthe

learningofthissystem.

【答案】rule-based!

【解析】喬姆斯基認(rèn)為，語言并不是一種行為，而是一套精密的以規(guī)則

為基礎(chǔ)的系統(tǒng)，語言習(xí)得主要是學(xué)習(xí)這一系統(tǒng)。

10.Thetheorybelievesthatlearningisaprocessinwhichthe

learnerconstructsmeaningbasedonhis/herownexperiencesandwhat

he/shealreadyknows.

【答案】constructivist@~!

【解析】建構(gòu)主義認(rèn)為，語言學(xué)習(xí)是學(xué)習(xí)者基于自己的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)建構(gòu)

意義的過程。

11.theoryemphasizesinteractionandengagementwiththetarget

languageinasocialcontext.

【答案】Socio-constructivist!

【解析】社會(huì)建構(gòu)主義理論注重學(xué)習(xí)者在社會(huì)環(huán)境中使用目的語進(jìn)行互

動(dòng)（的能力）。

12.Themostimportantandmostdifficultpartofthemakingofagood

languageteacheristhedevelopmentof.

【答案】professionalcompetence!

【解析】成為T立優(yōu)秀的語言教師最重要也是最難的是職業(yè)能力的發(fā)展。

13.Wallaceusesatodemonstratethedevelopmentofprofessional

competence.

【答案】’reflectivemodel'!

【解析】華萊士采用一個(gè)"反思模型”來解釋（教師）職業(yè)技能的發(fā)展。

14.Inlanguageteaching,methodologyisthestudyofthepracticesand

proceduresusedinteaching,andtheandthatunderliethem.

【答案】principles,beliefs!

【解析】語言教學(xué)的方法論是指對(duì)語言教學(xué)實(shí)踐和步驟，及其背后的原

則和觀念的研究。

15.Thefunctionalviewnotonlyseeslanguageasasystembutalso

afordoingthings.

【答案】linguistic,means/tool!

【解析】功能主義語言觀認(rèn)為語言不僅僅是一套語言系統(tǒng)，還是一套做

事的工具。

16.Thewaylanguageteachersteachintheclassroomistosomeextent

influencedbythewaytheylanguages.

【答案】learned!

【解析】語言教師學(xué)習(xí)語言的方式從某種程度上影響他們的課堂教學(xué)方

式。

17.Differentviewsonlanguagegeneratedifferent.

【答案】teachingmethodologies@~!

【解析】對(duì)語言的不同觀點(diǎn)會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的教學(xué)方法。

18.Inthepastcentury,languageteachingandlearningpracticehasbeen

influencedbythreedifferentviewsoflanguage:theview,the

viewandtheview.

【答案】structural,functional,interactional!

【解析】上世紀(jì)的語言教學(xué)和語言學(xué)習(xí)受三種語言觀的影響：結(jié)構(gòu)主義,

功能主義，交互主義。

19.theoriesareconcernedwithhowthemindorganisesnew

informationsuchashabitformation,induction,makinginference,

hypothesistestingandgeneralization.

【答案】Process-oriented!

【解析】以（認(rèn)知）過程為導(dǎo)向的理論力圖解釋大腦怎樣組織新信息，

如習(xí)慣的形成，歸納，推斷，假設(shè)的驗(yàn)證，以及概括。

n.MultipleChoice

1.emphasizesinteractionandengagementwiththetarget

languageinasocialcontext.（江蘇大學(xué)2018研）

A.Behaviouristtheory

B.Cognitivetheory

C.Cognitiveconstructivism

D.Socialconstructivism

【答案】D!

【解析】本題考查的是有關(guān)語言學(xué)習(xí)理論的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。其中社會(huì)建構(gòu)主義

理論強(qiáng)調(diào)在社會(huì)情境中與目標(biāo)語言的互動(dòng)，因此正確答案為

Do

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTbasedonthedefinitionoflanguage?

A.Syllabusdesign.

B.Teachingstyle.

C.Teachingmethodology.

D.Assessmentproceduresintheclassroom.

【答案】B!

【解析】語言的定義是教學(xué)大綱設(shè)計(jì)(syllabusdesign)、教學(xué)方法

(teachingmethodology)、課堂教學(xué)和測(cè)評(píng)程序(teachingandassessment

proceduresintheclassroom)的基礎(chǔ)。教師的教學(xué)風(fēng)格雖與教師對(duì)語言的理

解有關(guān)，但不是以語言的定義為基礎(chǔ)的。因此，本題的正確答案為B。

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutaudio-lingual

method?

A.Itisnotusedintheworldtoday.

B.Languageislearnedbyconstantrepetitionandthereinforcementof

theteacher.

C.Mistakeswereimmediatelycorrected.

D.Correctutteranceswereimmediatelypraised.

【答案】A!

【解析】聽說法是語言教學(xué)法的一種。它認(rèn)為語言是通過不斷的重復(fù)和

教師的加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)的。在聽說法教學(xué)中，教師會(huì)立即指出學(xué)生的語言錯(cuò)誤，立即表

揚(yáng)學(xué)生的正確言語。聽說法仍然在世界的許多地方被采用。因此，本題的正確答

案為A。

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthequalityofagoodlanguageteacher?

A.Ethicdevotion.

B.Desirablepersonalstyles.

C.Goodeducationalbackground.

D.Necessaryprofessionalqualities.

【答案】C!

【解析】T立優(yōu)秀的語言教師具有三個(gè)方面的素養(yǎng)：良好的職業(yè)道德，

優(yōu)秀的個(gè)性，以及必備的職業(yè)技能。其中，職業(yè)技能的發(fā)展對(duì)于一位優(yōu)秀的語言

教師是最重要也是最難的。因此，本題的正確答案為C。

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouthowpeoplelearnaforeign

language?

A.Peoplestartedlearningaforeignlanguageatdifferentages.

B.Peoplelearnlanguagesfordifferentreasons.

C.Peoplelearnlanguagesinthesameway.

D.Leaningcanbeaffectedbythewayhowlanguageistaught.

【答案】C@~!

【解析】調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們開始學(xué)習(xí)一門外語的年齡是不同的，人們學(xué)習(xí)

外語的原因也是不同的，而且人們學(xué)習(xí)語言的方式也不同。同時(shí)，語言的學(xué)習(xí)受

語言教學(xué)方式的影響。因此，本題的正確答案為C。

HI.TrueorFalse

1.Theanswerto"Whatislanguage"isthebasisofsyllabusdesign,

teachingmethodology,teachingandassessmentproceduresinthe

classroom.（江蘇大學(xué)2018研）

【答案】T@~!

【解析】本題考查的是語言觀點(diǎn)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)。語言是教學(xué)大綱設(shè)計(jì)，教學(xué)

法以及課堂教學(xué)與評(píng)估步驟的基礎(chǔ)。因此該表述正確。

2.ThetheoryoflearningunderlyingAudiolingualismisbehaviorism.（天

津師范大學(xué)2011研）

【答案】T@~!

【解析】本題考查的是聽說語言學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)。聽說法是行為主義學(xué)習(xí)理論

得到的有影響的結(jié)果，也為聽說語言學(xué)的發(fā)展奠定了基礎(chǔ)。因此該表述正確。

3.JohnDeweybelievedthatteachingshouldbebuiltbasedonwhat

learnersalreadyknewandengagelearnersinlearningactivities.

【答案】T@~!

【解析】約翰?杜威認(rèn)為，教學(xué)應(yīng)該基于學(xué)習(xí)者已有的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)，讓學(xué)習(xí)

者參與到學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)中。

4.Whethersomeonecanbecomeagoodforeignlanguageteacherdoes

notsolelydependonhis/hercommandofthelanguage.

【答案】T@~!

【解析】一個(gè)人能否成為優(yōu)秀的外語教師不僅僅取決于他（或她）對(duì)這

門語言的掌握（程度）。

5.Teachersbenefitfrompracticeiftheykeeponreflectingonwhattheir

work.

【答案】T@~!

【解析】教師如果持續(xù)反思(教學(xué))工作就能從教學(xué)實(shí)踐中獲益。

6.InKrashen'sMonitorModelofsecondlanguagedevelopment,

learningisnotconsciousanddoesnotoccurinformalsituationsor

throughformalgrammaticalrules,whileacquisitionisaconscious

processmarkedbythepresenceoferrorcorrectionandruleisolation.

【答案】F!

【解析】克拉申認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)(learning)是一個(gè)有意識(shí)的過程，表現(xiàn)在修

正錯(cuò)誤(errorcorrection)和孤立規(guī)則(ruleisolation)，而習(xí)得(acquisition)

是一個(gè)無意識(shí)的過程。

7.Theinteractionalviewoflanguagedoesnotconsiderlanguageasa

communicativetool,whosemainuseistobuildupandmaintainsocial

relationsbetweenpeople.

【答案】F!

【解析】交互主義語言觀認(rèn)為語言是一種交際工具，其主要用途是建立

和維持人與人之間的社會(huì)關(guān)系。

8.Thestructuralviewoflanguageseeslanguageasalinguisticsystem

madeupofvarioussubsystems.

【答案】T@~!

【解析】結(jié)構(gòu)主義語言觀認(rèn)為語言是由多個(gè)子系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成的語言系統(tǒng)。

9.Generally,alanguagesystemincludesthreeaspects:pronunciation,

grammarandvocabulary.

【答案】T@~!

【解析】語言系統(tǒng)一般包括三個(gè)方面：語音、語法和詞匯。

10.Theinfluentialresultofthebehaviourismistheaudio-lingual

method.

【答案】T@~!

【解析】聽說法的產(chǎn)生是結(jié)構(gòu)主義的影響的結(jié)果。

11.Skinnersuggestedthatlanguagecanbelearnedthesamewayasan

animalistrainedtorespondtostimuli.

【答案】T@~!

【解析】斯金納認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)語言與訓(xùn)練動(dòng)物對(duì)刺激進(jìn)行反應(yīng)是一樣的。

12.Chomskyagreedthatlanguageisaformofbehaviour.

【答案】F!

【解析】喬姆斯基不同意行為主義的觀點(diǎn)，即他認(rèn)為語言不是一種行為。

IV.Explainthefollowingterms.

1.Natural叩proach（首都師范大學(xué)2016研）

Key:Thenaturalapproachisamethodoflanguageteachingdeveloped

byStephenKrashenandTracyTerrellinthelate1970sandearly1980s.It

aimstofosternaturalisticlanguageacquisitioninaclassroomsetting,

andtothisenditemphasizescommunication,andplacesdecreased

importanceonconsciousgrammarstudyandexplicitcorrectionof

studenterrors.Effortsarealsomadetomakethelearningenvironment

asstress-freeaspossible.Inthenaturalapproach,languageoutputisnot

forced,butallowedtoemergespontaneouslyafterstudentshave

attendedtolargeamountsofcomprehensiblelanguageinput.

2.Socio-constructivisttheory(安徽師范大學(xué)2015研)

Key:Socio-constructivisttheoryreferstoakindoflanguagelearning

theory.Itemphasizesinteractionandengagementwiththetarget

languageinasocialcontextbasedontheconceptof"ZoneofProximal

Development"andscaffolding.Inotherwords,learningisbestachieved

throughthedynamicinteractionbetweentheteacherandthelearner

andbetweenlearners.Withtheteacher'sscaffoldingthroughquestions

andexplanations,orwithamorecapablepeer'ssupport,thelearnercan

movetoahigherlevelofunderstandingandextendhis/herskillsand

knowledgetothefullestpotential.

3.Structuralviewoflanguage(天津師范大學(xué)2010研)

Key:Thestructuralviewoflanguageseeslanguageasalinguisticsystem

madeupofvarioussubsystems:thesoundsystem(phonology),the

discreteunitsofmeaningproducedbysoundcombinations

(morphology),andthesystemofcombiningunitsofmeaningfor

communication(syntax).Eachlanguagehasafinitenumberofsuch

structuralitems.Tolearnalanguagemeanstolearnthesestructural

itemssoastobeabletounderstandandproducelanguage.Whenthis

structuralviewoflanguagewascombinedwiththestimulus-response

principlesofbehavioristicpsychology,theaudio-lingualapproachto

languagelearningemerged.

4.Behaviorism（首都師范大學(xué)2014研）

Key:Asforthebehavioristtheory,itisbasedonastimulus-response

theoryofpsychology,andproposedbybehavioralpsychologistSkinner.

Hesuggestedthatlanguageisalsoaformofbehavior.Itcanbelearned

thesamewayasananimalistrainedtorespondtostimuli.Thistheoryof

learningisreferredtoasbehaviorism.

Oneinfluentialresultistheaudio-lingualmethod,whichinvolvesendless

"listenandrepeat"drillingactivities.Theideaofthismethodisthat

languageislearnedbyconstantrepetitionandthereinforcementofthe

teacher.Mistakeswereimmediatelycorrected,andcorrectutterances

wereimmediatelypraised.Thismethodisstillusedinmanypartsofthe

worldtoday.

5.Interactionalview

Key:Theinteractionalviewconsiderslanguagetobeacommunicative

tool,whosemainuseistobuildupandmaintainsocialrelationbetween

people.

6.Pseudopractice

Key:Pseudopracticeisashortperiodoftimeassignedtodoteaching

practiceaspartofone'spre-serviceeducation,usuallyunderthe

supervisionofinstructors.

7.Scaffolding

Key:Itisaprocessthatenablesachildornovicetosolveaproblem,carry

outatask,orachieveagoalthatwouldbebeyondhisunassistedefforts.

8.Methodology

Key:Methodologyisthedevelopmentofprinciplesandproceduresfor

selecting,sequencing,andjustifyinglearningtasksandactivities.

9.Approaches

Key:Approachesaregeneralphilosophicalorientationstolanguage

teaching.

V.Shortanswerquestions

1.Theinfluenceofbehaviorismonsecondlanguageteaching(山東師范

大學(xué)2018研)

Key:(1)Behaviorismoflanguagelearningwasinitiatedbybehavioral

psychologistSkinner,whoappliedWatsonandRaynor'stheoryof

conditioningtothewayhumansacquirelanguageBasedontheir

experiments,WatsonandRaynorformulatedastimulus-responsetheory

ofpsychology.Inthistheoryallcomplexformsofbehavior—motions,

habits,andsuch—areseenascomposedofsimplemuscularand

glandularelementsthatcanbeobservedandmeasured.Theyclaimed

thatemotionalreactionsarelearnedinmuchthesamewayasotherskills.

Thekeypointofthetheoryofconditioningisthatyoucantrainan

animaltodoanything(withinreason)ifyoufollowacertainprocedure

whichhasthreemajorstages,stimulus,response,andreinforcement.

(2)Basedonthetheoryofconditioning,Skinnersuggestedthat

languageisalsoaformofbehavior.Itcanbelearnedthesamewayasan

animalistrainedtorespondtostimuli.Thistheoryoflearningisreferred

toasbehaviorism,whichwasadoptedforsometimebythelanguage

teachingprofession,particularlyintheU.S.Oneinfluentialresultisthe

audio-lingualmethod,whichinvolvesendlesslistenandrepeaf

drillingactivities.Theideaofthismethodisthatlanguageislearnedby

constantrepetitionandthereinforcementoftheteacher.Mistakeswere

immediatelycorrected,andcorrectutteranceswereimmediatelypraised.

Thismethodisstillusedinmanypartsoftheworldtoday.

2.Analyzeteacherrole(s)inTotalPhysicalResponse.(首都師范大學(xué)2018

研)

Key:Totalphysicalresponse(TPR)isalanguageteachingmethod

developedbyJamesAsher.Itisbasedonthecoordinationoflanguage

andphysicalmovement.InTPR,Teachersasinstructorsgivecommands

tostudentsinthetargetlanguagewithbodymovements,andstudents

respondwithwhole-bodyactions.Themethodisanexampleofthe

comprehensionapproachtolanguageteaching.Thelisteningand

responding(withactions)servestwopurposes:Itisameansofquickly

recognizingmeaninginthelanguagebeinglearned,andameansof

passivelylearningthestructureofthelanguageitself.Grammarisnot

taughtexplicitlybutcanbelearnedfromthelanguageinput.Besides,

teachersasdemonstratorsbecausewhenteachersgivesentencesas

instructionsforactions,theyfirstdemonstratestheseactionsthemselves;

thentheychoosemembersoftheclasstodothem.

3.ExplainWatsonandRaynor'stheoryofconditioninginyourown

words.

Key:Basedontheirexperiments,WatsonandRaynorformulateda

stimulus-responsetheoryofpsychology,i.e.thetheoryofconditioning.

Inthistheoryallcomplexformsofbehavior—motions,habits,andsuch

—areseenascomposedofsimplemuscularandglandularelementsthat

canbeobservedandmeasured.AccordingtoWatsonandRaynor,

emotionalreactionsarelearnedinmuchthesamewayasotherskills.

Thekeypointofthetheoryofconditioningisthatananimalcanbe

trainedtodoanything(withinreason)iftrainersfollowacertain

procedurewhichhasthreemajorstages:stimulus,response,and

reinforcement.

VI.Essayquestions

CanyoubrieflyexplainWallace's,reflectivemodel'todemonstratethe

d