2023年中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)主謂一致課件

主謂一致Subject-VerbAgreement謂語與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致定義語法一致意義一致就近原則Notional

ConcordPrincipleofProximityGramaticalConcord語法一致主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語也采取單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語必須采取復(fù)數(shù)形式。Agrammarbookhelpsyoulearnsomethingabouttherulesofalanguage.

Grammarbookshelpyoulearnsomethingabouttherulesofalanguage.語法書幫助你學(xué)習(xí)語言的某些規(guī)則。例：語法一致1.除可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式外，其他名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)（不可數(shù)名詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式、從句等）作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)形式。

Muchmilk

isofferedtohim.

Readingaloud

isveryimportantinlearningEnglish.

Tonodone’shead

meansagreement.Whattheysaid

istrue.Thegirlwhoisstandinginfrontofthebankismysister.例：agreementn.意見一致，同意amusement假的：falsefake

(1)當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)主語表示的是不同

的人、物或概念時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。1.并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)的主謂一致語法一致Mydogandmycat

arerunninginthegarden.

RoyandJackhavejustfinishedtheirhomework.Bothbreadandbutter

wereserved

forbreakfastinthishotel.

Readingandwritingareveryimportant.當(dāng)and,both...and...,連接兩個(gè)或多個(gè)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，需要根據(jù)意義和概念來確定謂語動(dòng)詞是用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。(2)當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)主語表示的是相同人、物或概念時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Theprofessorandwriter

is

givingaspeechtothecollegestudents.Ajournalistandauthorlives

onthesecondfloor.

Hislawyerandbestfriendwas

withhimonhistriptoEurope.句子分析：同一個(gè)人的兩種身份注意：指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，并列主語前只用一個(gè)冠詞，指不同的需要分別加冠詞，但兩個(gè)名詞有分別對(duì)立的意思時(shí)，只需要一個(gè)定冠詞。

區(qū)分：①Thewriterandthedoctoraregoingtovisitourschool.

②Aboyandgirl

areplayingtennis.(3)并列主語前each,every,manya,no

等修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Eachdoctorand(each)nurseworkinginthehospitalwasaskedtohelppatients.Everyman,womanandchildisentiledtotakepartintheactivity.

Manyaboyand(manya)girlhasmadethesamemistake.Nostudentsandnoteachersislivinginthatbuilding.注意：manya，morethanone+單數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成的短語，盡管意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。(4)并列主語為不可分的整體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Theknifeandfork

hasbeenwashed.刀叉已經(jīng)洗過了。Alawandruleaboutprotectingenviornmenthasbeendrawnup.一項(xiàng)關(guān)于保護(hù)環(huán)境的法律和規(guī)則已經(jīng)制定。Warandpeaceis

aconstantthemeinhistory.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平是歷史上一個(gè)的永恒的主題。acupandsaucer一副杯碟thestarandstripes星條旗fishandchips炸魚與炸薯?xiàng)l注意：常被視為主體的結(jié)構(gòu)aknifeandfork一副刀叉alawandrule法規(guī)ahouseandcart馬車aneedleandthread一套針線

(5).一個(gè)單數(shù)名詞同時(shí)被兩個(gè)不同的形容詞修飾，表示兩個(gè)不同的概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。但如果表示的是同一概念時(shí)應(yīng)用單數(shù)。Ancientandmodernhistoryarethesubjectswearestudying.古代史和現(xiàn)代史是我們目前學(xué)習(xí)的課程.

Thelastandmostdifficultlesson

islesson14.14課是最后一課也是最難的一課.Goodandbadmeathavebeensoldoutinthatsupermaket.優(yōu)質(zhì)的肉類與劣等肉都會(huì)被賣出去。2.表示國家，機(jī)構(gòu)，事件，作品等名稱的專有名詞作主語時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。①

OneThousandAndOneNightstellspeoplelotsofmysteriousbitsoffolklore.《一千零一夜》給人們講了許多神秘的民間傳說.②

TheUnitedNationsplaysanimportantroleintheinternationalaffairs.

聯(lián)合國在國際事務(wù)中起著重要作用.③TheUnitedStatesisleadingtheworldinscienceandtechnology.

美國常在世界科技方面領(lǐng)先.3.

aseriesof,

akindof,

thenumberof+名詞構(gòu)成名詞短語作主語時(shí)看作單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

注意：anumberof與thenumberof的區(qū)別

①anumberof意思為“許多，一些”，后面跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，當(dāng)做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。number可以用large或者small修飾。A.Anumberofpricelessworksofartwere

stolenfromthegallery.B.Alargenumberofstudentsaregoingabroadtostudy.②thenumberof意思為“的數(shù)量”，后面跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，當(dāng)做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Thenumberofpagesinthisbook

istwohundred.4.由some,

several,

both,

few,

many,

anumberof等詞修飾主語，或是由它們自身作主語時(shí)應(yīng)看作復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Bothofusarefondofwatchingfootballgames.

我們倆都喜歡看足球賽.許多即將畢業(yè)的學(xué)生打算自愿去中國西部工作。Anumberofwill-begraduates

arevoluntarilygoingtoworkintheWestofChina.Some/Several/Few/Manypeoplebelievethateveryoneshouldberesponsibleforwhattheydid.

一些/幾個(gè)/很少/許多人認(rèn)為每個(gè)人應(yīng)該為自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)。5.有些短語，如：alotof,

mostof,

anyof,

halfof,

percentof,

someof,

noneof,

therestof,

allof

等后接不可數(shù)名詞，或是單數(shù)形式的名詞作主語時(shí)應(yīng)看作單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；但如果后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語時(shí)應(yīng)看作復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).①

Alotofmoneyintheshopwasstolenyesterdaywhentheelectricitywassuddenlycutoff.②

AlotofbooksaboutInvestmentFundhavebeenpublishedrecently.③

All(of)themoneyismine.④

All(of)hisfriends

arerich.注意all作主語表示人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；表示物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。①

All

iswellthatendswell.②

All

areeagertoreachanagreement.人物6.當(dāng)百分?jǐn)?shù)，分?jǐn)?shù)后面加名詞或代詞時(shí)，要根據(jù)這個(gè)名詞或代詞來決定其謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；如果是單數(shù)名詞（或不可數(shù)名詞）或代詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。①

Fiftypercentofthe

studentsinourschoolare

girls.②Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthissea.

③Seventypercentofpeople

haveknownaboutthetruth.意義一致意義一致是指從意義著眼來解決主謂一致問題.有時(shí)主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)，那么謂語依意義也用復(fù)數(shù)形式；而有時(shí)主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義上卻是單數(shù)，那么謂語依意義亦用單數(shù)形式。①Theteacher,

with

allhisstudents,

isgoingtohaveapicnicthisweekend.

②

He,aswellasyou,is

veryhonest③

Aswellasthesuitcase,

themissingthings

havebeenfoundandreturned

to

theowner.(1)Thewarehouse,

withallitsstockings,

（was/were）burnedlastnight.

(2)E-mail,aswellastelephones,

（play/plays）animportantroleinourdailylife.(3)Thestudents,togetherwiththeirteacher,

(are/is)goingtohaveapicnicthisweekend.wasplaysare（2）表示時(shí)間，金錢，距離，體積，重量，面積，數(shù)字等詞語作主語時(shí)，

其意義若是被看作整體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；

但如果其意義強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體時(shí)，

那么謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。①

Fourweeks

areoftenapproximatelyregardedasonemonth.②Twentyyearsstandsforalongperiodinone'slife.③Twentyyears

havepassedsincetheygotmarried.(3)形容詞前加定冠詞即"the+形容詞"作主語時(shí)，其意義若是指?jìng)€(gè)人或是抽象概念應(yīng)看作單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；但如果其意義是指一類人則應(yīng)該看作是復(fù)數(shù)，那么謂語動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù).①

Theyoung

oftenthinkoftheoldconservative.②

Inmanystories,

thegood

arewellrewardedandthebad

aredoomedtounfortunate.③

Thericharerequiredtotakemoreresponsibilityinthatsmallvillage.(4)集體名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于主語的意義。主語表示整體時(shí)視為單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；主語表示集體中的個(gè)體成員時(shí)視為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。①Hisfamily

areallfondoffootball.(家庭里的成員個(gè)體)②

Thefamily

isthetiniestcellofthesociety.(整體)③

Thetarget

audienceforthisadvertisementwasmainlyteenagers.（整體）

④Staffhave

beentrainedtousethenewtechnology.（員工個(gè)體）⑤Thearmywasforcedtoretreataftersufferingheavylosses.（整體）①M(fèi)yfamily

（don’t,doesn’t）likeeatingbroccoli.②Thearmy

(were,was)cutofffromitsbase.③Staff

(were,was)encouragedtoreadbookstoimproveprofessionalskills.④Thecattle(were/was)swingingtheirtailstodispersetheflies.don’twaswerewere5.表示"全體","部分"等意義的詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致(1).

當(dāng)主語是most,

therest,thelast,

the

remainder

等時(shí)，其謂語一般應(yīng)遵循意義一致的原則：如果后面的名詞是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)；如果后面的名詞表示復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。

①Threeofuswillgo,

therest

aretostayhere.

②Afterthebigfire,

theremainder

isnothing.(2).當(dāng)town,

school,

village等分別表示總稱的"鎮(zhèn)民",

"全校師生",

"村民"時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞可以用單數(shù)，也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。有時(shí)可用the或加形容詞whole修飾。①Thewholeschool

were/wassorrywhensheleft.②Thewholetown

is/areinagreementaboutthe

plan.就近原則這一原則是指，謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)常常與最近作主語的詞語保持一致。

(1)在therebe句型當(dāng)中，be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式需要根據(jù)距離be動(dòng)詞最近的主語單復(fù)數(shù)形式來確定。Thereis

anappleandfourpearsonthetable.Therewere

twentystudentsandateacherintheclassroom.(2)以or，either...or(不是就是)，neither...nor(既不也不)，notonly...butalso(不僅而且),not...but...(不是而是)

等連接的名詞（代詞）作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。例：①

EitherIortheyareresponsiblefortheresultofthematter.②Neithertheunkindwordsnortheunfriendlyattitudehascausedmeanydistress.③Notonlyshebutalsoherfriendsarekeenonconcerts.④Neitherhisstudentsnorheknowsanythingaboutit.練習(xí)：①

Notonlyyourbrotherbutalsoyou

(are,is)handsome.②Notyoubutyourfather

(are，is)toblame.areis(1)表示時(shí)間，距離，金額，重量，計(jì)量，空間，體積等意義的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式.如：Eighthoursofsleep

isenough.(2)以數(shù)字作主語的詞或短語，有時(shí)可以看成一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.如：Thirty-sixfromforty-five

leavesnine.注：兩數(shù)相加或兩數(shù)相乘，謂語動(dòng)詞既可用單數(shù)形式也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Sixtimessevenare/isforty-two.1.形式為復(fù)數(shù)，意義為單數(shù)的名詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致重點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充(3)一些形式為復(fù)數(shù)，意思為單數(shù)的名詞，如：trousers,

pants,

shorts,

glasses,

scissors等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).

①

Herglassesarenew.

②John’snewpantsarethesameasmine.但當(dāng)這類名詞前有apairof修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)

①ThispairofscissorsismadeinHangzhou.

②Thereisapairofblueshortsonthesofa.(4).當(dāng)maths(mathematics),politics,physics等學(xué)科名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)，但前有物主代詞修飾指某人的某方面時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。Mathematicswasnevermystrongpoints.(5)

以-s結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。NewYorkTimeshasawidecirculation.(6)群島，山脈，瀑布等專有名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式NiagaraFallsareasplendidsce