高考非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)解析

名師精編歡迎下載名師精編歡迎下載名師精編歡迎下載高考非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)解析湖北省蘄春縣第一高級(jí)中學(xué)范晶非謂語動(dòng)詞歷來是高考考查的重點(diǎn)?？v觀歷年高考試卷中有關(guān)非謂語動(dòng)詞的考題，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)高考對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查主要是從以下幾個(gè)方面來進(jìn)行的：1．作狀語時(shí)，doing,havingdone,beingdone,havingbeendone和done的區(qū)別doing表示非謂語動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，且表示一個(gè)主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。例如：Thestudentsleftthehall,laughingandtalking．Hearingthenews,wejumpedwithjoy.(幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生)havingdone表示非謂語動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，且表示一個(gè)主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，一般不作定語。例如：Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed．beingdone表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。常作定語，賓語，賓補(bǔ)等，但很少作狀語。havingbeendone表示非謂語動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，且表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。例如：Havingbeentoldthatsomeguestswerecoming,theygottheroomready．done一般表示非謂語動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生或同時(shí)發(fā)生,且表示一個(gè)主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。例如：Givenmoretime,I'lldoitbetter.（之前）Supportedbyayoungman,theoldladystoodup.（同時(shí)）高考題示例：例1．（2005全國II）“Youcan’tcatchme!”Janetshouted,_____away.A.run B.running C.torun D.ran解析：根據(jù)Janet與run之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系可排除A；torun一般表示目的或結(jié)果，也可排除；ran是謂語動(dòng)詞形式，其前應(yīng)加上and才對(duì)，故B為正確答案。例2．(2005湖北)_______fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.A.Beingseparated B.Havingseparated C.Havingbeenseparated D.Tobeseparated解析：根據(jù)Australia與separate之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系可排除B；A表示“正在被分開”，故答案是C，表示該被動(dòng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作has之前。例3．（2005上海）_______intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.A.Put B.Putting C.Havingput D.Beingput解析：根據(jù)hotline與put…intouse之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系可排除B和C；D表示“正在被使用”，這與inApril2000是矛盾的，故A為正確答案，put是過去分詞形式。 2．作定語時(shí)，done,beingdone和tobedone的區(qū)別先看例句：Thisisaproblemdiscussed.這是一個(gè)已經(jīng)討論了的問題。（已經(jīng)完成的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作）Thisisaproblembeingdiscussed.這是一個(gè)正在討論的問題。（正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作）Thisisaproblemtobediscussed.這是一個(gè)將要討論的問題。（將要進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作）高考題示例：例：(2004浙江)LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,_____as3M.A.knowing B.known C.beingknown D.tobeknown解析：knowing表示主動(dòng)首先排除A；beingknown表示“正在出名”；tobeknown表示將要出名；known表示已經(jīng)出名，故B正確。3．作感官動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ)doing,(to)do和done的區(qū)別Didyouhearanyonesinginginthenextroom?你聽到有人在隔壁唱歌嗎？(主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行)DidyoueverhearanyonesingthesonginEnglish?你曾聽過有人用英語唱過這首歌嗎？(主動(dòng)、已經(jīng)完成或動(dòng)作的全過程)DidyouhearthesongsunginEnglish?你聽過這首歌用英語唱過嗎？(被動(dòng)、已經(jīng)完成)高考題示例：例：(NMET1994)Themissingboyswerelastseen____neartheriver.A.playing B.tobeplaying C.play D.toplay解析：由于題干是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，所以首先排除C;A表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，符合語境werelastseen的要求；D表示全過程，這不合邏輯；此題相當(dāng)易錯(cuò)選B,但是tobedoing不可能作感官動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ)或主語補(bǔ)足語，故A為正確答案。4．作賓語時(shí)，doing與todo的區(qū)別（1)只能用－ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞常用的有：dislike/delay/deny,mind/miss(錯(cuò)過),enjoy/escape(逃避)/excuse,practise/pardon/permit,suggest/stop/stand(忍受),consider,keep,advise/admit/acknowledge(承認(rèn))/allow/appreciate(欣賞、感激)/avoid(避免)，risk(冒險(xiǎn))/resist(抵制)/recommend(建議);finish/forbid,imagine。為了巧記這些動(dòng)詞，取他們的首字母拼成dmepsckarfi(諧音為“弟妹不吃咖啡”)（2)只能用todo作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：afford,agree,aim,choose,dare,decide,decline(拒絕),refuse,desire,determine,fail,offer,expect,hope,wish,manage,plan,pretend,promise,seek,tend,threaten等。（3）既能用－ing形式又能用todo作賓語的動(dòng)詞分兩種情況：1）象like,love,prefer,hate;begin,start;continue;intend,attempt(試圖),bear(忍受)等詞用－ing形式和todo作賓語時(shí)意義相同。例如：Hestartedlearning/tolearnEnglishattheageofthree．2）意義不同的動(dòng)詞有：①remember/forgeteq\b\lc\{(\a\al((not)doing/havingdone(記得/忘記（沒）做過某事),(not)todo(記住/忘了（不）去做某事)))②regreteq\b\lc\{(\a\al((not)doing/havingdone(后悔（沒）做過某事),(not)todo(遺憾（不）去做某事)))③tryeq\b\lc\{(\a\al(doing(做某事試試看),todo(努力/設(shè)法/試圖做某事)))④meaneq\b\lc\{(\a\al(doing(意味著做某事),todo(打算/想做某事)))⑤gooneq\b\lc\{(\a\al(doing(繼續(xù)做同一件事),todo(接著做另外一件事)))⑥want/need/requireeq\b\lc\{(\a\al(todo(想/有必要/要求做某事),doing/tobedone(需要被做)))高考題示例：例：(2005北京)Whenaskedbythepolice,hesaidthatheremembered______attheparty,butnot_______.A.toarrive;leaving B.toarrive;toleave C.arriving;leaving D.arriving;toleave解析：remembernotleaving意思是“記得沒有離開過”，remembernottoleave意思是“記住不去做某事”；而整個(gè)題干的意思是“當(dāng)被警方詢問時(shí)，他說他記得參加了舞會(huì)，但是不曾離開過”。故C正確。5．－ing形式作伴隨狀語與不定式作目的狀語的區(qū)別作伴隨狀語的－ing形式與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且前面常常帶一逗號(hào)；而作目的狀語的不定式的動(dòng)作要比謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作后發(fā)生前面不能用逗號(hào)。例如：Shewrotetotheeditor,hopingthattheeditorwouldbeabletohelpher．Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedtheretorestonabigrock．高考題示例：例：（1991全國）Thesecretaryworkedlateintonight,___alongspeech.A.toprepare B.preparing C.prepared D.waspreparing解析：首先從逗號(hào)可以排除D；又由于thesecretary與prepare是主動(dòng)關(guān)系來排除C；再根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞prepare的動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)詞work同時(shí)發(fā)生，而不是后發(fā)生，所以選B。6．-ing形式和不定式作結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別-ing形式作結(jié)果狀語表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之中，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性的定語從句；而不定式作結(jié)果狀語通常表示非邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之外。例如：Anumberofnewmachineswereinstalledinthefactory,thusresultinginanincreaseinproduction.=…,whichthusresultedinanincreaseIproduction.Hehurriedlyfinishedhisbreakfastandwentrunningtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadlefthalfanhourbefore.高考題示例：例1（2005山東）Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,_____arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.A.havereached B.reaching C.toreach D.tobereaching解析：A是謂語動(dòng)詞可以首先排除；D一般不作狀語也可排除；B作結(jié)果狀語表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，正合題意；C作目的狀語時(shí)往往指意外的結(jié)果，故正確答案是B。例2．（2004福建）Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only______thefilmstarshadleft.A.totell B.tobetold C.telling D.told解析：首先根據(jù)Thenewsreporters和tell的被動(dòng)關(guān)系排除A和C；不定式一般表示一個(gè)出乎意外的結(jié)果，tobetold符合語境，故B正確；而過去分詞一般不作這樣的結(jié)果狀語。7．非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定式-ing形式否定式由“not/never+-ing”構(gòu)成，不定式的否定式由“not/nevertodo”構(gòu)成。例如：Imustapologizefornotlettingyouknowaheadoftime.Nothavingdonetheworkwell,wedecidedtotryagain.Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatoilyfoodaftertheoperation.高考題示例：例：(2004廣東)_____theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.A.Notcompleting B.Notcompleted C.Nothavingcompleted D.Havingnotcompleted解析：本題考查—ing的否定式。首先根據(jù)complete與havetostay的動(dòng)作先后確定–ing用完成式，再根據(jù)-ing的否定式可確定正確答案是C。8.非謂語動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(1)不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：由“for/ofsbtodo”構(gòu)成，在句中一般作主語和賓語。例如：Itisnecessaryforustostartatonce．Itwascruelofhimtobeatthepoorchild．(2)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：(以Tom為例)由“Tom’sdoing”或“hisdoing”構(gòu)成，在句中一般作主語和賓語。Tom’sbeingillmadehismotherworried．Yourcomingherewillhelpusalot．作賓語時(shí)，也可以用“Tomdoing”或“himdoing”形式Heinsistedonhisson’s/songoingontocollege．Wouldyoumindmy/meopeningthewindow？(3)含不定式或分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：由介詞“with+賓語+todo/doing/done”構(gòu)成在句中一般作定語和狀語。Hesatunderthetreewithhiseyeslookingupwardandhisfingerscrossed．Withsomanyeyesfixeduponher,thegirlwastoonervoustosayanything．Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime．注意：介詞有時(shí)可以省略。例如：We’llsurelygetthefirstprizewithyoutojoinustomorrow．Thedriverseeingatreelyingacrosstheroadahead,thebuswasstopped．Itbeingafineday,theywentoutforawalk．高考題示例：例1．（2002上海春）Withalotofdifficultproblems______,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settled B.settling C.tosettle D.beingsettled 解析：本題考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，難度極大。A項(xiàng)的settled表示“問題已經(jīng)被解決了“，這與下文的ishavingahardtime相矛盾；D項(xiàng)的besettling表示“問題正在被解決”與下文也是矛盾的；而tosettle的意思是“將要解決”，用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，因?yàn)閟ettle的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者在句中出現(xiàn)，故答案是C。 例2．（2005安徽）Ireallycan’tunderstand____herlikethat.A.youtreat ` B.youtotreat C.whytreat D.youtreating解析：understand的用法是接-ing作賓語沒有接不定式做賓補(bǔ)的用法，故排除B；youtreating是動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，當(dāng)然也可以用yourtreating形式，故D正確。鞏固練習(xí)1．(2005上海)ＭoreandmorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays,_______advantageofthehealthandrelaxationbenefits.A.taking B.taken C.havingtaken D.havingbeentaken2．(2003全國)Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound______inthekitchen.A.smoke B.smoking C.tosmoke D.smoked3．(2004湖北)_______withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.A.Compare B.Whencomparing C.Comparing D.Whencompared4．(2005湖南)_______inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.A.Dressed B.Todress C.Dressing D.Havingdressed5．（NMET1994）Thefirsttextbooks_____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe18thcentury.A.havingwritten B.tobewritten C.beingwritten D.written6.(NMENT2000)Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_____thenextyear.A.carryout B.carryingout C.carriedout D.tocarryout7.(2005天津)Idon’twant_____likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.A.tosound B.tobesounded C.sounding D.tohavesounded8．(2005上海)Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn'trisk______thegoodopportunity.A.tolose B.losing C.tobelost D.beinglost9．(2005上海)Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegym