遼寧省六校2024-2025學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期中試題含解析

PAGE23-遼寧省六校2024-2025學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期中試題（含解析）總分150分，考試用時(shí)100分鐘。選擇題部分第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）略其次部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATheLondonUnderground(TheTube)ThemainsourceofpublictransportinLondonrevolvesaroundtheUnderground(ortheTubeasitisknowntoLondoners).Thisnetworkof12linescangetyoutomostplacesinthecenterofthecityquickly.It’salmostnecessarytogetanOysterCardoraTravelcard.Singleticketsarepricedstartingattheintentionallyabsurdpriceof￡4.80(Zone1-3),ifyoupaycash.UsinganOysterCard,asinglefareis￡2.30ifyouaretravelingwithinthecentralZone1.OnhotdaysitisalsoadvisabletotakeabottleofwaterwithyouasUndergroundtrainsarenotair-conditioned.LasttrainsleavecentralLondonataround00:30weekdays,23:30Sundays.Firsttrainsleavethesuburbsataround5:00.TheBusSystemOutsidethecenterofLondon,TubeStationsarefartherapart,sobuseshelpfillthegaps.Also,thebusoffersacheaperalternative,evenifitisaslowerjourney.CashfaresforLondonbuseshavebeenabolished—youcannotpaycash.Abusfarecosts￡1.50ifpeopleonlyusebuses,andthefareiscappedat￡4.40perdayforOysterorcontactlesscardusers.LightRailandTrainsYoucanthinkoftheDocklandsLightRailway(DLR)andtheTramlinkasextensionsoftheUnderground,TravelcardspurchasedatTubeStationsinEastLondon.TheDLRconnectswithanumberoftheothertrainservices(includingconnectionsatTowerHillorBankStations)andcanbeusedtoreachGreenwich,CanaryWharf,andStratford.RiverServicesThereareanumberofdifferentroutesalongtheRiverThames.ThefastercommuterservicesoperatealldayfromGreenwichPiertoEmbankmentandfromPutneyandChelseaharbourtoBlackfriarsduringPeakHoursonly.TheserouteswillpassanumberofplacesofinterestincludingtheHousesofParliamentandLondonBridge.AreturnfarefromPutneytoBlackfriarswillcostabout12pounds.NationalRailOnceyouleaveCentralLondonorifyouaretravelingSouthoftheRiverThames,thebestpublictransportoptionwilloftenbeNationalRail.TherearenumerousconnectionstotheRailSystemfromtheTube.TravelcardscanbeusedfortravelontheNationalRail(butnottheHeathrowExpress).OystercardscanbeuseduptoZone6exceptcertainservicesincludingHeathrowExpress,HeathrowConnectandHS1.1.WhentakingtheLondonUnderground,you_______.A.shouldbuyticketswithcashB.cangotoanyplaceinLondonquicklyC.cansavemoremoneywithasingleticketD.areadvisedtotakeabottleofwateralongonhotdays2.IfyouuseriverservicesalongtheRiverThames,youwillpass_______.A.LondonBridge B.StratfordC.CanaryWharf D.TowerHill3.TotravelSouthoftheRiverThames,itisrecommendedthatyouuse_______.A.theLondonUnderground B.theBusSystemC.theDLRandtheTramlink D.NationalRail【答案】1.D2.A3.D【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了倫敦幾種公共交通工具的相關(guān)信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)TheLondonUnderground(TheTube)部分中的“OnhotdaysitisalsoadvisabletotakeabottleofwaterwithyouasUndergroundtrainsarenotair-conditioned.”可知，在倫敦，大熱天乘坐地鐵時(shí)，你最好隨身攜帶一瓶水，因?yàn)榈罔F內(nèi)沒有空調(diào)，故D項(xiàng)正確?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)RiverServices部分中的“ThereareanumberofdifferentroutesalongtheRiverThames.”及“TheserouteswillpassanumberofplacesofinterestincludingtheHousesofParliamentandLondonBridge.”可知，泰晤士河沿岸有很多不同的路途，這些路途將經(jīng)過很多名勝，包括議會(huì)大廈和倫敦橋，由此可知，假如你乘坐泰晤士河沿岸的公共交通路途的話，你會(huì)經(jīng)過倫敦橋，故A項(xiàng)正確?！?題詳解】依據(jù)NationalRail部分中的“OnceyouleaveCentralLondonorifyouaretravelingSouthoftheRiverThames,thebestpublictransportoptionwilloftenbeNationalRail.”可知，一旦你離開倫敦市中心，或者你在泰晤士河以南旅行，最好的公共交通選擇通常是國(guó)家鐵路，故D項(xiàng)正確。BNowadays,manyparentsaresobusythattheyseldomhavefamilymealswiththeirchildren.Butthisiswrong.AHarvardstudyfoundthatfamiliesthateattogetheraretwiceaslikelytoeattheirfiveservingsoffruitsandvegetablesadayasfamilieswhodon'teattogether.Familiesalsoeatlessfriedfoodwhentheyeattogether.Finally,childrenwhoregularlyeatwithfamilyhavedietshigherinfiber,calcium,iron,andvitaminsB6,B12,CandE.Duringfamilymeals,parentscansetagoodexampleofhealthyeatingthatchildrenmayfollow.Theyalsodisplaypolitetablemanners.Familymealsteachchildrenimportantskills.Whenafamilyeatstogether,kidscanlearnaboutnutritionandhealthyeating.Inmanystudiesofschool-agedchildren,thosewhoeatfamilymealshaveahigherlevelofnutritionknowledge.Whenafamilyeatstogether,kidslearnaboutfoodsafety,likehandwashingbeforeeating.Childrenwhohavecompanyatmealsareslimmerthanthosewhoeatalone.That'sbecausetheyeatless,eatmoreslowly,andtalkmore.Thisisagoodwaytodeterobesityinchildren.Familymealscanhelpchildrenbuildvocabulary.Studiesshowedkidswhoatewiththeirfamiliesperformedbetteratschoolandhadabroadervocabulary.Familymealsofferanopportunityforconversationswherekidslearnvocabulary—buildingwordstohelpthemreadandcommunicatebetter.Childrengainabettersenseofbelongingwithinthefamilywhentheyeattogetherwiththeirparentsathome.Familymealsofferatimeforafamilytocometogetherasagroupanddevelopafeelingofbelonging.Thatsenseofbelongingleadstobetterself-esteem.Inconclusion,familymealsareveryimportant.4.Thewriterwantstotellusthat.A.eatingtogetherwithfamilyisagoodchancetoteachchildrenB.it'smoreadvantageousforchildrentoeatwiththeirfamiliesC.it'sdesirableforchildrentoeatmoreregularlyD.enjoyingfamilymealsisequaltoeatingabiganddeliciousdinner5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Havingacompanymealiseasytobecomefatterandfatter.B.Inthemealtime,parentsshouldsetagoodexampleofhealthyeating.C.Familymealscanhelpchildrenwithahigherlevelofnutritionknowledge.D.Familymealscanmakechildrenformthegoodhabitofeating.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deter”inParagraph6mean?A.Find. B.Replace.C.Prevent D.Improve.7.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Whyfamilyisimportanttokids. B.Howtoeatinahealthyway.C.Howtoraisechildrenwell. D.Whyfamilymealsareimportant.【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.D【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章講解并描述了，一項(xiàng)探討表明：在一起吃飯的家庭比不在一起吃飯的家庭，對(duì)孩子有更主動(dòng)的影響，其主動(dòng)影響體現(xiàn)在多個(gè)方面。【4題詳解】推理推斷題。由其次段中的“AHarvardstudyfoundthatfamiliesthateattogetheraretwiceaslikelytoeattheirfiveservingsoffruitsandvegetablesadayasfamilieswhodon'teattogether.”（哈佛高校的一項(xiàng)探討發(fā)覺，一起吃飯的家庭每天吃五份水果和蔬菜的可能性是不在一起的家庭的兩倍。）和“Finally,childrenwhoregularlyeatwithfamilyhavedietshigherinfiber,calcium,iron,andvitaminsB6,B12,CandE.”（最終，常常和家人一起吃飯的孩子，其膳食纖維、鈣、鐵和維生素B6、B12、C和E含量較高。）以及下文告知我們小孩子和家人一起共餐的很多好處，可推斷出作者想要告知讀者孩子們和家人一起吃飯更有好處。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第三段首句“Duringfamilymeals,parentscansetagoodexampleofhealthyeatingthatchildrenmayfollow.”（在家庭聚餐期間，父母可以樹立孩子們可以效仿的健康飲食的好榜樣。），可知B項(xiàng)正確；由第四段首句“Whenafamilyeatstogether,kidscanlearnaboutnutritionandhealthyeating.”（當(dāng)一家人一起吃飯時(shí)，孩子們可以學(xué)習(xí)養(yǎng)分和健康飲食。），可知C項(xiàng)正確；由第三段中的“Theyalsodisplaypolitetablemanners.”（他們還表現(xiàn)出禮貌的餐桌禮儀。）和第五段首句“Whenafamilyeatstogether,kidslearnaboutfoodsafety,likehandwashingbeforeeating.”（當(dāng)一家人一起吃飯時(shí)，孩子們會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)食品平安，比如飯前洗手。），可知D項(xiàng)正確；A項(xiàng)未提及。故選A項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】詞義揣測(cè)題。由第六段中的“Childrenwhohavecompanyatmealsareslimmerthanthosewhoeatalone.”（吃飯有伴的孩子比單獨(dú)吃飯的孩子苗條。），可知這是阻擋小孩肥胖的好方法。故選C項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。由其次段首句“AHarvardstudyfoundthatfamiliesthateattogetheraretwiceaslikelytoeattheirfiveservingsoffruitsandvegetablesadayasfamilieswhodon'teattogether.”（哈佛高校的一項(xiàng)探討發(fā)覺，一起吃飯的家庭每天吃五份水果和蔬菜的可能性是不在一起的家庭的兩倍。），第三段首句“Duringfamilymeals,parentscansetagoodexampleofhealthyeatingthatchildrenmayfollow.”（在家庭聚餐期間，父母可以樹立孩子們可以效仿的健康飲食的好榜樣。），第四段首句“Whenafamilyeatstogether,kidscanlearnaboutnutritionandhealthyeating.”（當(dāng)一家人一起吃飯時(shí)，孩子們可以學(xué)習(xí)養(yǎng)分和健康飲食。），第五段首句“Whenafamilyeatstogether,kidslearnaboutfoodsafety,likehandwashingbeforeeating.”（當(dāng)一家人一起吃飯時(shí)，孩子們會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)食品平安，比如飯前洗手。），第六段首句“Childrenwhohavecompanyatmealsareslimmerthanthosewhoeatalone.”（吃飯有伴的孩子比單獨(dú)吃飯的孩子苗條。），第七段首句“Familymealscanhelpchildrenbuildvocabulary.”（家庭聚餐可以幫助孩子們建立詞匯量。）和第八段首句“Childrengainabettersenseofbelongingwithinthefamilywhentheyeattogetherwiththeirparentsathome.”（當(dāng)孩子們?cè)诩依锖透改敢黄鸪燥垥r(shí)，他們會(huì)獲得更好的家庭歸屬感。），可知作者從一起吃飯的好處表明和家庭聚餐很重要。故選D項(xiàng)。CAstormhitHouston,Texas,onTuesday.Itbroughtheavyrainsandrisingflood-waters.ByTuesdaynight,somepartsofthecityhadreceived10inchesofrain.Policeandfirefightershelpedpeoplemovetosafeplaces.Theyalsosavedpeoplefromcarsandbusesthatwerestuckonroads.CertainareasaroundHoustonwerehitreallyhard.Injustfourhours,morethanseveninchesofrainfellinSugarLandinthesouthwestofHouston.Carscouldnotpassthroughanyoftheareasmainroadways.OnTwitter,SugarLandcityofficialsaskedpeopletogettohighground.Tuesday’srainhitpartsofTexasthatHurricaneHarveyhadalreadydamagedalmosttwoyearsago.HurricaneHarveyinAugust,2024wasthesecondmostcostlyhurricaneinUShistory.Itcaused$125billionworthofdamageinTexas.IntheHoustonarea,36peoplediedandabout150,000homeswereflooded.AspokesmanfortheHarrisCountyOfficeofHomelandSecurityandEmergencyManagementspokewiththeHoustonChronicle.Thespokesmansaidthatthisweek’srainis“notinanywayaHarvey-levelevent.”Buttheworstmaynotbeoveryet.PeoplewillhaveabreakfromtheheavyrainonWednesday.AccordingtotheNationalWeatherService,theTexasGulfCoastwillcontinuetoexperienceheavyrainlaterintheweek."Todayshouldbeourquietestoverthenextfewdaysforrainfall,”saidDonOettinger,aNationalWeatherServicemeteorologist(氣象學(xué)家).HoustonFireChiefSamuelPeiawarned,“Asthereistoomuchwaterontheground,theseareperfectconditionsforflashfloods,sowehopepeoplearecarefulofwhatthey’redoingandencouragethemtostayhome.There’snosenseinputtingyourself,firefightersoranybodyindangerneedlessly.”8.WhatareParagraphs1and2mainlyabout?A.FlooddamageinHouston. B.FloodpreventioninHouston.C.HeavyfloodshittingHouston. D.PeoplefightingfloodsinHouston.9.WhatdoweknowaboutHurricaneHarvey?A.Itcausednodeathsorinjuries. B.ItdidalotofdamagetoTexas.C.Itwaslessseriousthanthisweek’srain. D.Itwasthebiggesthurricaneonrecord.10.WhatcanwelearnfromtheweatherreportoftheNationalWeatherService?A.Finedaysarecoming. B.Itwillrainalittlenon-stop.C.Ahurricaneisunavoidable. D.Floodswillcontinue.11.WhatdidSamuelsuggestlocalpeopledo?A.Stayindoors. B.Joinfirefighters.C.Giveupneedlessthings. D.Comfortthosewholosthomes.【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.A【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章介紹一場(chǎng)風(fēng)暴攻擊了休斯敦，引發(fā)了大量降水和城市內(nèi)水位上漲，當(dāng)?shù)卣崾救藗兙蛹伊粢馄桨??！?題詳解】主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段中“Policeandfirefightershelpedpeoplemovetosafeplaces.Theyalsosavedpeoplefromcarsandbusesthatwerestuckonroads.”和其次段中“Carscouldnotpassthroughanyoftheareasmainroadways.”可知，兩段主要在描寫大量降水導(dǎo)致休斯敦城市內(nèi)洪水泛濫造成的后果，C選項(xiàng)“泛濫的洪水攻擊了休斯敦”符合文意。故選C項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段最終兩句“Itcaused$125billionworthofdamageinTexas.IntheHoustonarea,36peoplediedandabout150,000homeswereflooded.”可知，兩年前席卷德克薩斯州的颶風(fēng)造成了巨大的財(cái)產(chǎn)損失和人員傷亡，與B選項(xiàng)描述一樣。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第五段第三句“AccordingtotheNationalWeatherService,theTexasGulfCoastwillcontinuetoexperienceheavyrainlaterintheweek.”并結(jié)合該段內(nèi)容可知，人們?cè)谥苋苈晕⑺煽跉?，但這一周后面幾天降水將會(huì)接著，屆時(shí)洪水必定會(huì)再次泛濫。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段Samuel所說的話“Asthereistoomuchwaterontheground,theseareperfectconditionsforflashfloods,sowehopepeoplearecarefulofwhatthey’redoingandencouragethemtostayhome.”可知，他希望人們留意平安，并激勵(lì)他們待在家里，與A選項(xiàng)“stayindoors”含義一樣。故選A項(xiàng)。DMostofthenewdiseaseswehumanshavefacedinthepastseveraldecadeshavecomefromanimals.Themorewecomeintocontactwithwildanimalsthemoreweriskaso-calleddisease“spillover”fromanimalstohumans.“Aspeoplemoveandwildlifemoveinresponsetoachangingenvironment,humansandwildlifeandanimalswillcomeincontactmoreregularly,”saidJeanneFairfromtheLosAlamosNationalLaboratoryinNewMexico.Fairarguesthatbyshiftinganimalhabitats,climatechangewillalsomaketheopportunitiesfordiseasespillovermorefrequent.“Everythingissortofshiftingandwillshiftintothefutureastheenvironmentchangesthroughclimatechange,”Fairsaid.Scientists,includingclimatologistsandepidemiologistsonFair’steamatLosAlamos,arebeginningtomodelhowchangestotheclimatewillimpactthespreadofinfectiousdiseases.It’searlydaysforthiskindofresearch,butpreviousstudiessuggestthatextremeweatherhasalreadyplayedaroleinatleastoneoutbreak.Scientistssaydroughtanddeforestationhavecombinedtoforcebatsoutofrainforestsandintoorchards（果園）inMalaysiatofindfood.Thosebats,acommondiseasereservoir,thenpassedtheNipahvirusthroughpigstohumansforthefirsttimeinthelate1990s.“We’regoingbythepastdatatoreallypredictwhat’sgoingtohappeninthefuture,”Fairsaid,“Andso,anytimeyouincreasethatwildlife-humaninterface,that’ssortofanemergingdiseasehotspot.Andso,that’sjustincreasingaswegoforward.”JeffreyShaman,headoftheclimateandhealthprogramatColumbiaUniversity’spublichealthschool,argueswedon’tyetknowwhetherclimatechangewillcauseanetincreaseininfectiousdiseaseratesglobally.Forexample,mosquitoescarrydiseasethataffectsmillionsofpeopleacrosstheworldeveryyear.Astheirhabitatsexpandinsomepartsoftheworld,theymightcontractdiseaseselsewhere.Shamansayswhatweknowforcertainaboutclimatechangeisthatitwillmakeithardertopredictwherediseaseoutbreakswillpopup.12.HowdoesclimatechangeaffectthespreadofdiseaseaccordingtoFair?A.Bybreakinganimals’habits.B.Byincreasinganimals’varieties.C.Bypromotinganimals’breeding.D.Bychanginganimals’livingenvironment.13.Whatistheexampleofbatsforinparagraph3?A.ExplainingtheinfluenceofNipahvirus.B.Provingtheharmofbatstohumanbeings.C.Showingtheeffectsofclimatechangeondisease.D.Presentingscientists’earlystudyaboutthecauseofdisease.14WhatcanweinferfromFair’swordsinparagraph4?A.Humansshouldgiveupstudyinganimals.B.Pastdatacansolvetheproblemsinthefuture.C.Diseasehotspotswilldisappearifanimalsdieout.D.Frequentcontactwithanimalscancausediseaseoutbreaks.15.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ClimateChangeandDiseaseSpilloverB.Animals’InteractionwithHumansC.Scientists’PredictionforDiseaseOutbreaksD.EarlyStudiesaboutExtremeWeather【答案】12.D13.C14.D15.A【解析】本文為爭(zhēng)論文。本文聚焦氣候變更給人類帶來的影響，尤其會(huì)引起因人畜接觸而產(chǎn)生的疾病的集中暴發(fā)?！?2題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段最終Fairarguesthatbyshiftinganimalhabitats,climatechangewillalsomaketheopportunitiesfordiseasespillovermorefrequent“Everythingissortofshiftingandwillshiftintothefutureastheenvironmentchangesthroughclimatechange,”Fairsaid.費(fèi)爾認(rèn)為，通過變更動(dòng)物棲息地，氣候變更也將使疾病擴(kuò)散的機(jī)會(huì)更加頻繁。:“隨著氣候變更造成環(huán)境變更，一切都在發(fā)生變更，并將向?qū)戆l(fā)展?！笨梢缘弥?，天氣變更導(dǎo)致的動(dòng)物生存環(huán)境的變更，從而影導(dǎo)致疾病的擴(kuò)散。故選D?！?3題詳解】推理推斷題。第三段中的“…droughtanddeforestationhavecombinedtoforcebatsoutofrainforestsandintoorchards（果園）inMalaysiatofindfood.Thosebats,acommondiseasereservoir,thenpassedtheNipahvirusthroughpigstohumansforthefirsttimeinthelate1990s”干旱和森林砍伐一起迫使蝙蝠離開雨林進(jìn)入馬來西亞的果園找尋食物。這些蝙蝠是一種常見的疾病的宿主，然后在20世紀(jì)90年頭末首次通過豬將尼帕病毒傳給人類?？芍?，文中舉蝙蝠的例子就是為了更好的表明氣候變更對(duì)疾病產(chǎn)生的影響，故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理推斷題。第四段Fairsaid,“Andso,anytimeyouincreasethatwildlife-humaninterface,that’ssortofanemergingdiseasehotspot.Andso,that’sjustincreasingaswegoforward.”任何時(shí)候，只要你增加野生動(dòng)物與人類的接觸，那就是一種新出現(xiàn)的疾病熱點(diǎn)。由此可推斷出其主要用意是指過多的接觸野生動(dòng)物將會(huì)引起疾病暴發(fā)。故選D?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。本文的主旨句在第一段“hemorewecomeintocontactwithwildanimals,themoreweriskaso-calleddisease“spillover”fromanimalstohuman”我們與野生動(dòng)物接觸越多，就越有可能面臨染上從動(dòng)物“溢出”的疾病。接著下文用探討數(shù)據(jù)以及蝙蝠和蚊子為例來說明氣候變更導(dǎo)致環(huán)境變更，迫使有些動(dòng)物離開生存的環(huán)境，最終把疾病傳染給人類。由此可知，天氣的變更與疾病的關(guān)系?？芍狝符合題意，B選項(xiàng)范圍太大，C、D選項(xiàng)太片面。故選A。其次節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Manyscientistsbelieveourloveofsugarmayactuallybeanaddiction.Whenweeatordrinksugaryfoods,thesugarentersourbloodandaffectspartsofourbrainthatmakeusfeelgood.___16___Inthisway,itisinfactanaddictivedrug,onethatdoctorsrecommendweallcutdownon.“ItseemslikeeverytimeIstudyanillnessandtraceapathtothefirstcause,Ifindmywaybacktosugar,”saysscientistRichardJohnson.One-thirdofadultsworldwidehavehighbloodpressure,andupto347millionhavediabetes.Why?“___17___“saysJohnson.Ourbodiesaredesignedtosurviveonverylittlesugar.Earlyhumansoftenhadverylittlefood,soourbodieslearnedtobeveryefficientinstoringsugarasfat.Inthisway,wehadenergystoredforwhentherewasnofood.Buttoday,mostpeoplehavemorethanenough.___18___Sowhatisthesolution?It’sobviousthatweneedtoeatlesssugar.___19___Frombreakfastcerealstoafter-dinnerdesserts,ourfoodsareincreasinglyfilledwithit.Somemanufacturersevenusesugartoreplacetasteinfoodsthatareadvertisedaslowinfat.Buttherearethosewhoarefightingbackagainstsugar.___20___Otherschoolsaregrowingtheirownfoodingardens,orbuildingfacilitieslikewalkingtrackssostudentsandothersinthecommunitycanexercise.Thebattlehasnotyetbeenlost.A.Wetakeinmoreenergyandfat.B.Thenthegoodfeelinggoesaway,leavinguswantingmore.C.Ourancestorswereusedtopoorfood,clothingandshelter.D.Sotheverythingthatoncesavedus,maynowbekillingus.E.Sugar,webelieve,isoneofthereasons,ifnotthemajorone.F.Thetroubleis,intoday'sworld,it'sextremelydifficulttoavoid.G.Manyschoolsarereplacingsugarydessertswithhealthieroptionslikefruit.【答案】16.B17.E18.D19.F20.G【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了很多科學(xué)家認(rèn)為吃糖會(huì)上癮，并引發(fā)疾病。為此，人們應(yīng)當(dāng)削減攝入糖分，一些學(xué)校起先用水果代替甜點(diǎn)，或者步行道讓學(xué)生們加強(qiáng)熬煉?！?6題詳解】依據(jù)下文Inthisway,itisinfactanaddictivedrug,onethatdoctorssuggestweallcutdownon.可知，這里強(qiáng)調(diào)以這種方式，糖會(huì)使我們門上癮，醫(yī)生也建議我們要削減食用。因此橫線處應(yīng)當(dāng)是說明糖為什么會(huì)使人上癮。故B項(xiàng)（Thenthegoodfeelinggoesaway,leavinguswantingmore）然后這種感覺消逝，我們須要更多糖分。引出下文，符合語(yǔ)境。故正確答案為B?！?7題詳解】依據(jù)上文“One-thirdofadultsworldwidehavehighbloodpressure,andupto347millionhavediabetes.Why?”（世界上有三分之一的成年人患有高血壓，高達(dá)3億4700萬(wàn)的人患有糖尿病。為什么？）可知，下文應(yīng)是介紹緣由的。故E項(xiàng)（Sugar,webelieve,isoneofthereasons,ifnotthemajorone）我們認(rèn)為，糖是緣由之一，即使不是主要緣由。承接上文，符合題意。故選E。【18題詳解】依據(jù)上文“Earlyhumansoftenhadverylittlefood,soourbodieslearnedtobeveryefficientinstoringsugarasfat.Inthisway,wehadenergystoredforwhentherewasnofood.”可知，早期人類通常很少有食物，所以我們的身體學(xué)會(huì)了特別有效地將糖儲(chǔ)存為脂肪。這樣，我們就可以在沒有食物的時(shí)候儲(chǔ)存能量。這是在說明糖分的好處，緊接著Butoday轉(zhuǎn)折，意味著橫線處是強(qiáng)調(diào)糖分?jǐn)z入過分的害處。故D（Sotheverythingthatoncesavedus,maynowbekillingus.）曾經(jīng)救過我們的東西現(xiàn)在可能正在致我們于死地，承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D?！?9題詳解】依據(jù)上文“It’sobviousthatweneedtoeatlesssugar.”和下文“Frombreakfastcerealstoafter-dinnerdesserts,ourfoodsareincreasinglyfilledwithit”可知，我們須要削減糖的食用，但是事實(shí)上從早餐到晚餐我們的食物中含有大量的糖。也就是說橫線處是對(duì)我們不得不吃糖這一事實(shí)的說明。故F項(xiàng)（Thetroubleis,intoday'sworld,it'sextremelydifficulttoavoid），問題是，在當(dāng)今世界，這是極難避開的，承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F?！?0題詳解】依據(jù)上文“Buttherearethosewhoarefightingbackagainstsugar”可知，有些人已經(jīng)起先與糖分做斗爭(zhēng)，故下文應(yīng)列舉詳細(xì)斗爭(zhēng)的方法。故G項(xiàng)（Manyschoolsarereplacingsugarydessertswithhealthieroptionslikefruit.）很多學(xué)校正在選用更健康的食物例如水果代替含糖甜點(diǎn)，承上啟下，符合題意。故選G。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Askpeopletonametheworld'stallestpeakandanybodywithsoundgeneralknowledgewillnameMountQomolangma.Butquizthemonitsexact___21___andmanywillbenotsure.In1975,Chinesesurveyors___22___thatMountQomolangma（MountEverest）was8848.13metershigh.As___23___improved,satellites,photoelectricity,radarsandgravitymeasurementtechnologieswere___24___togetmoreexactfigures.Ofcourse,someonestillhadtocarry___25___towhatistheworld'srooftop.In2005,aChineseteamscaledQomolangmaandfoundthatitwasnotashighasthat,asthey___26___theheighttobe8844.43meters.ScalingQomolangmaisno___27___task.Theaverageairtemperaturethereis-29degreesCelsius,evenfourdegrees___28___thaninAntarctica.Thesnowthereis4—5metersthickandhurricane-like___29___blowallthetime.Teammembersweretrainingto___30___theextremeconditions.Inanutshell,measuringtheQomolangma'sheightisatallorder,___31___hugeamountsofmoneyandhumanresources,Butitisworththe___32___.Qomolangmaistheperfect___33___forobservingcrustal（地殼的）movements.Andchangestothepeak'sheightcould___34___whetherthetwoplatesareheadingtowardorawayfromeachother.Besides,theconditionofsnowandothernaturalmaterialsatthetopisanindicatorofupcomingclimatechangeontheTibet-QinghaiPlateau.That's___35___measuringtheQomolangma'sheightissosignificant.Puttogooduse,itcanbenefitmankind.21.A.location B.appearance C.area D.height22.A.determined B.assumed C.estimated D.admitted23.A.condition B.technology C.society D.economy24.A.employed B.expected C.approached D.inspired25.A.weapons B.vehicles C.instruments D.packages26.A.changed B.calculated C.extended D.expanded27.A.glorious B.easy C.admirable D.tough28.A.colder B.hotter C.higher D.lower29.A.snows B.rains C.winds D.snowflakes30.A.copewith B.fightfor C.takeon D.carryout31.A.wasting B.spending C.overcoming D.involving32.A.effort B.loss C.harvest D.achievement33.A.channel B.window C.solution D.entrance34.A.measure B.foresee C.indicate D.expose35.A.where B.how C.why D.whether【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.A25.C26.B27.B28.D29.C30.A31.D32.A33.B34.C35.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明白測(cè)量高度珠穆拉瑪峰的艱難以及其重要性。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但假如你問他們它的準(zhǔn)確高度，很多人都不會(huì)確定。A.location位置；B.appearance外貌；C.area地區(qū)；D.height高度。依據(jù)下文的1975年以及2005年對(duì)珠峰高度的測(cè)量可知，此處指的是對(duì)其高度的精確測(cè)量。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：1975年，中國(guó)測(cè)量員確定珠穆朗瑪峰(MountQomolangma)為8848.13米高。A.determined確定；B.assumed假設(shè)；C.estimated估計(jì)；D.admitted承認(rèn)。依據(jù)下文As___3___improved,satellites,photoelectricity,radarsandgravitymeasurementtechnologieswere___4___togetmoreexactfigures.應(yīng)用先進(jìn)的科技去進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的測(cè)量可知，此空指的是中國(guó)的測(cè)量員確定珠峰的高度是8848.13米。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，衛(wèi)星、光電、雷達(dá)和重力測(cè)量技術(shù)被用來獲得更精確的數(shù)據(jù)。A.condition條件；B.technology技術(shù)；C.society社會(huì)；D.economy經(jīng)濟(jì)。依據(jù)下文的satellites,photoelectricity,radarsandgravitymeasurementtechnologieswere___4___togetmoreexactfigures.可知，衛(wèi)星、光電、雷達(dá)和重力測(cè)量技術(shù)都是科技。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，衛(wèi)星、光電、雷達(dá)和重力測(cè)量技術(shù)被用來獲得更精確的數(shù)據(jù)。A.employed運(yùn)用；B.expected期望；C.approached接近；D.inspired鼓舞。依據(jù)下文的togetmoreexactfigures可知，這些高科技被運(yùn)用到測(cè)量珠峰精確的高度中。故選A。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)然，仍舊要有人要攜帶一些設(shè)備到世界屋脊。A.weapons武器；B.vehicles交通工具；C.instruments設(shè)備；D.packages包袱。依據(jù)常識(shí)可知，測(cè)量是須要設(shè)備儀器的，此處指的是須要攜帶一些設(shè)備登山。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：2005年，一個(gè)中國(guó)團(tuán)隊(duì)測(cè)量了珠穆朗瑪峰，發(fā)覺它并沒有那么高，因?yàn)樗麄冇?jì)算的高度是8844.43米。A.changed變更；B.calculated計(jì)算；C.extended延長(zhǎng)；D.expanded擴(kuò)大。依據(jù)上文In2005,aChineseteamscaledQomolangmaandfoundthatitwasnotashighasthat以及下文theheighttobe8844.43meters.可知，此處指的是中國(guó)登山隊(duì)在2005年計(jì)算的珠峰的高度是8844.43米。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：攀登珠穆朗瑪峰并非易事。A.glorious光榮的；B.easy簡(jiǎn)單的；C.admirable令人欽慕的；D.tough艱難的。依據(jù)下文Theaverageairtemperaturethereis29degreesCelsius,evenfourdegrees___8___thaninAntarctica.可知，攀登珠峰并不是一件簡(jiǎn)單的事。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：那里的平均氣溫為-29攝氏度，甚至比南極洲低4攝氏度。A.colder更冷的；B.hotter更熱的；C.higher更高的；D.lower更低的。依據(jù)29degreesCelsius可知，此處表示珠峰的溫度比南極洲還要低4攝氏度。故選D.【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那里的雪有4-5米厚，像颶風(fēng)一樣的風(fēng)始終在吹。A.snows雪；B.rains雨；C.winds風(fēng)；D.snowflakes雪花。依據(jù)下文的blow可知，此處表示風(fēng)。故選C.【30題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：隊(duì)員們正在接受為極端條件而戰(zhàn)的訓(xùn)練。A.copewith應(yīng)付；B.fightfor與……斗爭(zhēng)；C.takeon擔(dān)當(dāng)；D.carryout實(shí)施。依據(jù)theextremeconditions.可知，此處表示登山隊(duì)員們正在訓(xùn)練的目的是為了應(yīng)付珠峰的極端條件。故選A。【31題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：簡(jiǎn)而言之，測(cè)量珠穆朗瑪峰的高度是一項(xiàng)艱難的任務(wù)，涉及大量的資金和人力資源，但值得付出努力。A.wasting奢侈；B.spending花費(fèi)；C.overcoming克服；D.involving涉及。依據(jù)hugeamountsofmoneyandhumanresources可知，測(cè)量珠峰的高度須要投入大量的人力和物力。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：簡(jiǎn)而言之，測(cè)量珠穆朗瑪峰的高度是一項(xiàng)艱難的任務(wù)，涉及大量的資金和人力資源，但值得付出努力。A.effort努力；B.loss損失；C.harvest豐收；D.achievement成就。依據(jù)下文的Puttogooduse,itcanbenefitmankind，假如運(yùn)用得當(dāng)，它可以造福人類可知，這項(xiàng)任務(wù)值得去努力做。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：珠穆朗瑪峰是視察地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)的最佳窗口。A.channel頻道；B.window窗口；C.solution解決方法；D.entrance入口。依據(jù)下文observingcrustal（地殼的）movements.可知，珠峰是觀測(cè)地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)的最佳窗口。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：峰頂高度的變更可以表明兩個(gè)板塊是朝著相向還是反方向運(yùn)動(dòng)。A.measure測(cè)量；B.foresee預(yù)見；C.indicate表明；D.expose暴露。珠峰兩次測(cè)量高度的化，這就表明兩個(gè)板塊是朝著相向還是反方向運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選C。【35題詳解】考查連接詞詞義辨析。句意：這就是為什么測(cè)量珠穆朗瑪峰的高度是如此重要。A.where哪里；B.how怎樣；C.why為什么；D.whether是否。本句在講解并描述測(cè)量珠峰高度的重要性。所以本句為why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。故選C。非選擇題部分其次節(jié)（共10小題：每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Everydayhasthepotentialtobeagoodand,insomecases,agreatdayforyou.Fewofusgetupinthemorning,___36___(think)thatwewantthistobeabadday.Yetinmanycasesthedayturnsthatwaybecauseofapersonoranevent___37___weworryabout.Thinkaboutthosesmall___38___(event)whichcanthrowyouoffbalanceandaffectyourwholeday___39___(negative).Whostoleyourday?___40___(Be)ityourboss,anodddriveronthewaytowork,oranimpolitewaiteratlunchthatdid?Everydaynumerouspeopleorthingscanpreventus___41___havingagoodday,ifweletthem.Thekeyisthatweshouldadopt___42___positiveattitudetowardslife.Wecannotcontrol___43___happenstousinmanycases,butwecancontrolhowwereacttothem.Lao-tzu,aChinese____44____(philosophy),said,“Hewhoconquersothersisstrong;hewhoconquers____45____(he)ismighty.【答案】36.thinking37.that38.events39.negatively40.Was41.from42.a43.what44.philosopher45.himself【解析】本文是一篇爭(zhēng)論文。每一天既可能會(huì)朝著好的方面發(fā)展,也可能會(huì)朝著壞的方面發(fā)展,關(guān)鍵是看我們對(duì)生活實(shí)行的看法。雖然我們不能限制會(huì)發(fā)生什么事,但我們可以限制我們對(duì)所發(fā)生的事情的看法?！?6題詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。think和邏輯主語(yǔ)fewofus之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。故填thinking?！?7題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞。that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞apersonoranevent,that在從句中作介詞about的賓語(yǔ),先行詞中既有人也有事物,不行用which。故填that。【38題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。名詞event為可數(shù)名詞，依據(jù)前面的those可知用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填events?！?9題詳解】考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞affect,應(yīng)用副詞形式。故填negatively?！?0題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。依據(jù)前句Whostoleyourday?和后句oranimpolitewaiteratlunchthatdid?時(shí)態(tài)可知，這里同樣用一般過去時(shí)。主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)it，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。故填Was。41題詳解】考查介詞。句意：假如我們放任不管，每天都會(huì)有很多人和事阻礙我們度過美妙的一天。動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)prevent…fromdoing…阻擋……做……。故填from?！?2題詳解】考查冠詞。名詞attitude為可數(shù)名詞，前面形容詞positive以輔音音素發(fā)音開頭，所以用不定冠詞a。apositiveattitude一種主動(dòng)的看法。故填a。【43題詳解】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。動(dòng)詞control后跟是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,從句中缺少主語(yǔ),且指物，應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)。故填what。【44題詳解】考查名詞。形容詞Chinese后接名詞形式，依據(jù)常識(shí)可知，老子是中國(guó)古代哲學(xué)家。故填philosopher?！?5題詳解】考查代詞。由Hewhoconquersothersisstrong可知,此處指的是“折服自己的人才是強(qiáng)大的”。主語(yǔ)是he,所以反身代詞用himself。故填himself。第四部