2020-2021學(xué)年山東省臨沂市高一下學(xué)期期末階段性教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測英語試題（解析版）（不含聽力音頻）

2020-2021學(xué)年山東省臨沂市高一下學(xué)期期末階段性教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測英語試題本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分。滿分150分?？荚囉脮r120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng):1.答題前，考生務(wù)必用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆將自己的姓名、座號、考生號填寫在答題卡和試卷規(guī)定的位置上。2.選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑；如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthewomanasktheman?A.Whattowearforaparty.B.Whethertoattendaparty.C.Howtomakefriendsataparty.2.Whenwilltheboygotobed?A.At9:40.B.At9:50.C.At10:103.Whatdidthemanthinkofthefestival?A.Mostofitwasgreat.B.Everythingaboutitwasexcellent.C.Thedancemusicwasbetterthanlastyear.4.WherewillthespeakerstakeJerryforlunch?A.Toarestaurant.B.Toacafe.C.Toabar.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Wheretoputthefridge.B.Whentobuyacupboard.C.Whethertomovethefridge.聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.Whatrelationisthewomanlotheman?A.Histeacher.B.Hisclassmate.C.Hisworkmate.7.WhereisQueensland?A.InCanada.B.InAmerica.C.InAustralia.聽第7段材料,回答第8、9題。8.Whyisthemantalkingtothewoman?A.Toaskforsomeadvice.B.Toapologizeforhismistake.C.Tosaythankstoher.9.Whyweretheman'sparentsangrywithhimlastweek?A.Herangthemupatmidnight.B.Hedidn'tgethomeuntilmidnight.C.Hegotintoafightwithhisclassmates.聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.Whattimedoestheflightleave?A.At2:00p.mB.At12:00noonC.At10:00a.m.11.Whatisthewomangoingdotoday?A.WriteareportB.Visitacustomer.C.TalkwithMr.Smith.12.Wherewillthespeakermeet?A.Atanexhibitioncenter.B.Atthehomeoffice.C.Atacoffeeshop.所第9段材料,回答第13至16題。13.Whyisthewomantalkingtotheman?A.Shewantstochooseagoodsport.B.Shecan'tfindthewaytoagym.C.Shewantstojoinagym.14.Whatdoesthemanlikebest?A.Weight-lifting.B.Swimming.C.Dancing.15.Howdoesthemanpay?A.IncashB.Bycreditcard.C.Bycheque.16.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomandointheend?AMeethimtomorrow.B.Bringhersportsshoes.C.Godancingthreetimesaweek.聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.Whatisthespeaker'spurposetogivethetalk?A.Totellaboutamuseumprogram.B.Toteachasciencelesson.C.Tointroduceamuseum.18.Whatwillchildrendothenextmorning?A.Haveacarrace.B.Watchafilm.C.Createscienceprojects.19.Whatwillthespeakerdoafterthetalk?A.Leaveforthemuseum.B.Showthelistenersaround.C.Answerthelisteners'questions.20.Whatcanwelearnfromthetalk?A.Childrendon'tneedtobringanything.B.Childrenwilllearmaboutplasticnexttime.C.Childrenunder14aren'tallowedtotakepart.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ADifferentcultureshavetheiruniquecelebrationsofthecalendarNewYear'straditions.Nowlet'slearnsomeoffamousNewYear'straditionsaroundtheworld.TheNetherlandsAmsterdamhostsoneoftheworld'slargeststreetpartiesonNewYear'sEve.Ifyouattend,buysomeoliebollentoeatatmid-night.ItisusuallybelievedthateatingthesedeepfriedoilyballswI'lldriveawayevilspiritsintheNewYear.DamSquare(thecraziest),Nieuwmarkt,andLeidsepleinhostunofficialstreetpartieswithmusic,fireworksandbeertents.Amsterdam'scelebrationisnotforthecasualpartier:Someattendantshavecomparedittoawarzone!ScotlandCelebratingHogmanay,whichstandsforthelastdayoftheyear,isabigdealinScotland.ItissograndthatitoftenovershadowsChristmas.ChristmaswasoutlawedbytheChurchofScotlandfornearlyfourcenturies,anditdidn'tmakeacomebackuntil1958.Thoughtheholidayhasregaineditspopularity,theNewYearFestivalofHogmanaystillholdsasacredplaceinScottishhearts.AustraliaSydneyTheUnitedStatesEachyear,hundredsofthousandsofpeopleflockloNewYorkCitytoseetheBigAppledropatmidnight.ThisNewYear'sEvetraditionactuallybeganasareplacementforfireworks,whichhadbeenforbiddeninNewYork.Inadditiontowatchingballsdrop,inotherUScitiesyoucanwatchpeaches,giantwalleye,andotherlocallyrelevantsymbolsloweredastheclockstrikesmidnight.1.Whatiseatingoliebollenmainlyrelatedto?A.History B.Custom C.Literature D.Location2.Travelerswholiketoseetheshowonthewatermaygoto________.A.Australia B.Scotland C.TheNetherland D.TheUnitedStates3.Thepassagemaybetakenfrom________?A.ageographicbook B.atravellingresearchC.anadvertisement D.atouristbrochure【答案】1.B2.A3.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了荷蘭、蘇格蘭、澳大利亞、美國等國家慶祝新年的活動。1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段第二句提到“Ifyouattend,buysomeoliebollentoeatatmid-night.ItisusuallybelievedthateatingthesedeepfriedoilyballswilldriveawayevilspiritsintheNewYear.”（如果你參加了，在午夜時買一些荷蘭油糖餅吃。人們通常認(rèn)為，吃這些油炸的糖餅可以在新的一年里驅(qū)除邪靈。）由此判斷，荷蘭人把吃油糖餅作為新年里驅(qū)除邪靈的儀式，這是一種新年時的風(fēng)俗。A.History歷史；B.Custom風(fēng)俗；C.Literature文學(xué)；D.Location位置，地點(diǎn)。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。在“澳大利亞”部分的第三句提到“Anair-planeshowandawaterdisplayopenthecelebrationat6:00pm.”（下午6點(diǎn)，飛機(jī)表演和水上表演拉開了新年慶典活動的序幕。）由此判斷，游客想要觀看水上表演的可以去澳大利亞。故選A。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。文章第一段提到“DifferentcultureshavetheiruniquecelebrationsofthecalendarNewYear'straditions.Nowlet'slearnsomeoffamousNewYear'straditionsaroundtheworld.”（不同的文化有其獨(dú)特的慶祝新年的傳統(tǒng)?，F(xiàn)在讓我們來了解一些世界各地著名的新年傳統(tǒng)。）在接下來的幾段中，分別介紹了荷蘭、蘇格蘭、澳大利亞、美國各國慶祝新年的傳統(tǒng)。告知游客可以參與及欣賞的新年慶?；顒?。由此判斷，文章出自于旅游手冊。A.ageographicbook地理書；B.atravellingresearch旅游調(diào)查；C.anadvertisement廣告宣傳；D.atouristbrochure旅游手冊。故選D。BTheCuriosityDetectorwasneverfullysterilizedbeforeitlandedonMar.Andthere'sbeendebatewhethertheroverdrillmightpollutecertainsubsurfaceareasthoughttopotentiallygivebirthtolife.ButitturnsoutthedetectormaynotneedtodrivesomewheretopollutethatspotwithEarth'smicro-livings.Becauseifthereareanytinyearthlivingsonthedetector,thestrongwindsonMarsmightbeabletospreadthemaroundtheRedPlanetinstead.“WindstormsareverycommononMars.Soyouhaveonepointofpollution,andgiventheproperconditions,youcouldspreadwhateveryouwerecarryingtheretodistantplaces."SaidArmandoAzua-Bustos,aresearchscientistattheCenterforAstrobiologyattheSuperiorCouncilofScientificResearchinSpain.Azua-BustosisnowmorecertainthatsuchspreadmightbepossiblebecauseofanexperimenthisteamcarriedoutinChile'sAtacamaDesert-theconditionsofwhicharegreatlysimilartotheMars'.There,histeamplacedcontainersalongtwopathscuttingfromthecoastintothedriestpartsoftheAtacama.Onepathwas30mileslong;theother40mileslong.Theywaitedforwindstodelivercoastaldusttothecontainers.Thentheygrewwhateverlanded.Onbothpathstheyfoundamountsofbacteriaspecies,whichsuggeststhatmicro-livingsareindeedabletoflyoverthedriestandmostsun-shineddesertonEarthinjustafewhours—andarriveunharmed.ThedetailsareinthejournalScientificReports.TheresearcherssaywindcouldthereforebeawaytoeasilypolluteanotherplanetwithEarthmicro-livingsifspacecraftaren'tsterilized—orawayforMartianlifeinonce-fertileareastogivebirthtoothersbylyingondustinthewind.4.WhyistheredebateovertheCuriosityRover?A.Becauseitcan'tdriveanywherebyitselfwithoutwind.B.BecauseitsdrillmaydamagethesurfaceofMars.C.BecauseithasbeenpollutedbeforeitlandedonMars.D.BecauseitmaydestroythepotentialenvironmentoflifeonMarswithEarth'smicro-livings.5.HowdidAzua-Bustos'teamfindsupportiveevidenceforhisopinion?A.TheystudiedthedataofwindstormsaboutMars.B.TheydidanexperimentunderthesimilarconditionsofMars.C.TheyfoundalargequantityofbacteriaonMars.D.TheyusedthedetailsinthejournalScientificReports.6.AccordingtoAzua-Bustos,Earth'smicro-livingsonMarsmaybespreadmainlyby________.A.thedetector'sdrill B.twopaths C.strongwind D.drivingaround7.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.TheconditionsonMarsaresimilartothoseonEarth.B.ThestrongwindonMarscanpollutethemicro-livingsinthesubsurfacearea.C.Allspacecraftsmustbesterilizedbeforetheyarelaunchedintospace.D.Chile'sAtacana【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。好奇號探測器在3月著陸前從未完全消毒過，這引發(fā)了人們關(guān)于探測器可能用地球上的微生物破壞火星上潛在的生命環(huán)境的爭論。對此科學(xué)家ArmandoAzua-Bustos進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，來支持他的觀點(diǎn)，介紹了實(shí)驗(yàn)過程。研究人員說，因此，如果航天器不消毒的話，風(fēng)可能很容易讓地球上的微生命污染另一個星球?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Andthere'sbeendebatewhethertheroverdrillmightpollutecertainsubsurfaceareasthoughttopotentiallygivebirthtolife.ButitturnsoutthedetectormaynotneedtodrivesomewheretopollutethatspotwithEarth'smicro-livings.(人們一直在爭論，漫游者鉆探是否會污染某些被認(rèn)為可能孕育生命的地下區(qū)域。但事實(shí)證明，探測器可能不需要開到某個地方，就可以用地球上的微生物污染那個地方)”可知，好奇號之所以引發(fā)爭論是因?yàn)樗赡苡玫厍蛏系奈⑸锲茐幕鹦巧蠞撛诘纳h(huán)境。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Azua-BustosisnowmorecertainthatsuchspreadmightbepossiblebecauseofanexperimenthisteamcarriedoutinChile'sAtacamaDesert-theconditionsofwhicharegreatlysimilartotheMars'.(Azua-Bustos現(xiàn)在更加確信這種傳播是可能的，因?yàn)樗膱F(tuán)隊(duì)在智利阿塔卡馬沙漠進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，那里的條件與火星非常相似)”可知，Azua-Bustos的團(tuán)隊(duì)通過在火星相似的條件下做了一個實(shí)驗(yàn)，來找到支持他觀點(diǎn)的證據(jù)。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段““WindstormsareverycommononMars.Soyouhaveonepointofpollution,andgiventheproperconditions,youcouldspreadwhateveryouwerecarryingtheretodistantplaces."saidArmandoAzua-Bustos,aresearchscientistattheCenterforAstrobiologyattheSuperiorCouncilofScientificResearchinSpain.(“風(fēng)暴在火星上很常見。所以你有一個污染點(diǎn)，在適當(dāng)條件下，你可以把你帶到那里的任何東西傳播到遙遠(yuǎn)的地方?！蔽靼嘌栏叩瓤茖W(xué)研究委員會天體生物學(xué)中心的研究科學(xué)家ArmandoAzua-Bustos說)”可知，據(jù)Azua-Bustos說，火星上的地球微生物可能主要通過強(qiáng)風(fēng)傳播。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Azua-BustosisnowmorecertainthatsuchspreadmightbepossiblebecauseofanexperimenthisteamcarriedoutinChile'sAtacamaDesert-theconditionsofwhicharegreatlysimilartotheMars'.(Azua-Bustos現(xiàn)在更加確信這種傳播是可能的，因?yàn)樗膱F(tuán)隊(duì)在智利阿塔卡馬沙漠進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，那里的條件與火星非常相似)”以及倒數(shù)第二段中“Onbothpaths,theyfoundamountsofbacteriaspecies,whichsuggeststhatmicro-livingsareindeedabletoflyoverthedriestandmostsun-shineddesertonEarthinjustafewhours—andarriveunharmed.(在這兩條路徑上，他們都發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量的細(xì)菌物種，這表明微型生物確實(shí)能夠在幾小時內(nèi)飛過地球上最干燥、陽光最充足的沙漠，并且毫發(fā)無損地到達(dá))”可知，D選項(xiàng)“智利的阿塔卡納沙漠是地球上最干燥和陽光最充足的沙漠之一”正確。故選D。CJuly20marks50yearssincehumanbeingsfirstlandedonthemoon.Thatdayin1969madeastronautsNeilArmstrongandBuzzAldrinwell-knownnames.Butyearsbeforethat,alesser-knownfigurewasonamissiontomakethatfirstmoonlandingpossible.HisnamewasJohnHoubolt,thesonofDutchimmigrants.HouboltgrewuponafarminJoliet,Illinois.HestudiedengineeringattheItwasthere,intheearly1960s,thathemadehiscareertodefendwhatwas,atthetime,anunpopularidea—butwouldultimatelybecriticaltogettingApollo11tothemoonandsafelyback.“Johnoncefacedamixtureofindifferenceuntilthingsstartedtochange,andengineersstartedtorealizehisdatamightberight.”ToddZwillich,authoroftheoriginalaudio-bookaboutHoubolt'slife.ItiscalledTheManWhoKnewtheWaytotheMoon.SowhatwasHoubolt'sunpopularidea?Hedefendedwhat'scalledlunarorbitrendezvous.Theideainvolvessendingaspacecraftintoorbitaroundthemoon—andfromthere,sendingonlyasmalllightspacevehicledowntothemoon'ssurface,insteadoftheentirespaceship.ZwillichsayswhileHouboltdidn'tinventtheidea,hewastheonewhostartedtoapplyit.Mostpeoplewhoknowthemostaboutthismissionfeelthatwithoutlunarorbitrendezvous,Apollo11couldn'thavesucceeded.AndwithoutJohnHoubolt,youprobablywouldnothavehadlunarorbitrendezvous.Zwillich'sbookalsoexploresthekindsofchallengesNASAengineersfacetoday,astheymakeplanstogetbacktothemoonand,ultimately,toMars,ordersofmagnitudeofabiggerproblem,whichbringingusalotofproblemstothinkabout.Thoseproblems,hesays,createplentyofdebatestoday.WiththestoryofJohnHouboltasanexample,somethingconsideredhighlyunlikelynowmightbethekeytoeventuallyputtingpeopleontheRedPlanet.8.What'sthepurposeofwritingthepassage?A.TointroduceJohnHouboltandhiscontributionstospaceexploration.B.ToexplaintheeffortshumanbeingsmadetoexploretheMoon.C.TointroduceabookwhichtellsthestoryofJohnHoubolt.D.Toexplainachievementshumanbeingshavemadeonexploringthespace.9.What'stheauthor'sattitudetoJohnHoubolts’theory?A.Doubtful B.Favorable C.Critical D.Objective10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"It"inparagraph3referto?A.Zwillich'sbook B.JohnHoubolt C.Apollo1l D.lunarorbitrendezvous11.Fromthelastparagraphwecanknowthat________.A.JohnHoubolt'sideaisvitaltoexploretheMars.B.humanbeingsareunabletolandontheMarstoday.C.peoplecandoanythingaslongastheyhavethedetermination.D.conceptsunacceptabletodaymaybeusefulfortomorrow'sresearch.【答案】8.A9.B10.A11.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了JohnHoubolt提出了一項(xiàng)在當(dāng)時不受歡迎，但最終對阿波羅11號登月并安全返回至關(guān)重要的理論。他為所謂的月球軌道交會進(jìn)行了辯護(hù)，大多數(shù)了解這次任務(wù)的人都認(rèn)為，如果沒有月球軌道交會，阿波羅11號就不可能成功?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“HisnamewasJohnHoubolt,thesonofDutchimmigrants.HouboltgrewuponafarminJoliet,Illinois.HestudiedengineeringattheUniversityofIllinoisandeventuallyworkedhiswaytoNASA.(他的名字叫JohnHoubolt，是荷蘭移民的兒子。Houbolt在伊利諾斯州朱利埃特的一個農(nóng)場長大。他在伊利諾伊大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)工程學(xué)，最終在美國國家航空航天局工作)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了JohnHoubolt提出了一項(xiàng)在當(dāng)時不受歡迎，但最終對阿波羅11號登月并安全返回至關(guān)重要的理論。他為所謂的月球軌道交會進(jìn)行了辯護(hù)，大多數(shù)了解這次任務(wù)的人都認(rèn)為，如果沒有月球軌道交會，阿波羅11號就不可能成功。可推知，文章的目的是介紹【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Itwasthere,intheearly1960s,thathemadehiscareertodefendwhatwas,atthetime,anunpopularidea—butwouldultimatelybecriticaltogettingApollo11tothemoonandsafelyback.(正是在那里，在20世紀(jì)60年代初，他的職業(yè)生涯為一個在當(dāng)時不受歡迎的想法辯護(hù)——但最終對阿波羅11號登月并安全返回至關(guān)重要)”可推知，作者對JohnHoubolt的理論持支持態(tài)度。故選B?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“ToddZwillich,authoroftheoriginalaudio-bookaboutHoubolt'slife.”可知，ToddZwillich是講述Houbolt生平的原版有聲書的作者。而ToddZwillich的這本書名叫《知道月球之路的人》。故畫線詞指的是“Zwillich的書”。故選A?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“WiththestoryofJohnHouboltasanexample,somethingconsideredhighlyunlikelynowmightbethekeytoeventuallyputtingpeopleontheRedPlanet.(以JohnHoubolt的故事為例，一些現(xiàn)在看來極不可能的事情可能是最終將人類送上火星的關(guān)鍵)”可知，如今不能接受的概念可能對明天的研究有用。故選D。DWhenyouwalkwithabackpack,youknowhowthebelongingsinsideswingsfromsidetoside?Nowscientistshavefiguredouthowtomakeuseofthatmovementtogenerateelectricity.Here'showitworks.Imagineapendulumfixedtoabackpackframeandfixedwithspringsoneitherside.Thepack'sweightisattachedtothependulum,sothependulumswingssidetosideasyouwalk.Gearsthenusethatswingingmotiontodriveagenerator,andthegeneratorreleaseelectricalcurrenttochargeabattery.Volunteerscarriedthepackwhilewalkingonarunningmachineandworemaskstomeasuretheflowofoxygenandcarbondioxide.Walkingwiththeslightlyswing20-poundload,thedevicedidnotsignificantlyaffectthevolunteers'metabolicratecomparedtowhentheycarriedthesameweightfixedinplace.Infact,theenergy-harvestingpackreducedtheforcesofspeedingupforcethey'dfeelinaregularpack,whichmightmeangreatercomfortforalonghike.Andthedevicedidproduceasteadytrickleofelectricity—thekeywordbeingtrickle.Becauseifyouuptheloadto45pounds,thepassivemotionofthepackcouldfullychargeaSamsungGalaxyS10smartphoneonlyafter12hoursontheway.ThedetailsareinthejournalRoyalSocietyOpenScience.Buthere'sthebackpackdifficulty:theenergy-harvestingdevicecurrentlyweighsfivepounds.Theresearchersaythat'saboutfourpoundstoomanytobeasmartalternativetobatteries.Sotheyhopethatmoreresearchletsthemlightentheload,toensurethepackchargesyouupwithoutweighingyoudown.12.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Theworkingtheoryofanewelectricaldevice.B.Theworkingtheoryofabackpackgeneratingelectricity.C.Thediscoveryofusingabackpack'smovementtogenerateelectricity.D.Theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofusingabackpacktogenerateelectricity.13.Whatotherbenefitdoesthebackpackhave?A.losingweight. B.chargingadevice. C.savingmoney. D.walkingcomfortably.14.Whichofthefollowingismostrelevanttotheamountofelectricity?A.walkingdistance. B.loadweight. C.swingtime. D.movingspeed.15.Whyistheredifficultyofcarryingthebackpack?A.Thegeneratoristooheavy. B.Theelectricityistoolow.C.Ittakestoomuchtime. D.Theelectricityisn'tsteady.【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了科學(xué)家如今發(fā)現(xiàn)了如何利用背包的運(yùn)動來進(jìn)行發(fā)電，介紹了其工作原理以及仍存在的困難。【12題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Whenyouwalkwithabackpack,youknowhowthebelongingsinsideswingsfromsidetoside?Nowscientistshavefiguredouthowtomakeuseofthatmovementtogenerateelectricity.(當(dāng)你背著背包走路時，你知道背包里的東西是如何左右擺動的嗎？現(xiàn)在科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)知道如何利用這種運(yùn)動來發(fā)電)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了科學(xué)家如今發(fā)現(xiàn)了如何利用背包的運(yùn)動來進(jìn)行發(fā)電，介紹了其工作原理以及仍存在的困難?？芍?，文章主要說明了利用背包的運(yùn)動來發(fā)電的發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Infact,theenergy-harvestingpackreducedtheforcesofspeedingupforcethey'dfeelinaregularpack,whichmightmeangreatercomfortforalonghike.(事實(shí)上，能量收集背包減少了他們在普通背包中感受到的加速力量，這可能意味著長途徒步旅行更舒適)”可知，這個背包其他的好處是走路很舒服。故選D?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Becauseifyouuptheloadto45pounds,thepassivemotionofthepackcouldfullychargeaSamsungGalaxyS10smartphoneonlyafter12hoursontheway.(因?yàn)槿绻惆沿?fù)載增加到45磅，背包的被動運(yùn)動可以在路上12個小時后給三星GalaxyS10智能手機(jī)充滿電)”可知，負(fù)載的重量與電量最相關(guān)。故選B?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Buthere'sthebackpackdifficulty:theenergy-harvestingdevicecurrentlyweighsfivepounds.Theresearchersaythat'saboutfourpoundstoomanytobeasmartalternativetobatteries.Sotheyhopethatmoreresearchletsthemlightentheload,toensurethepackchargesyouupwithoutweighingyoudown.(但背包的難點(diǎn)在于：能量收集裝置目前重達(dá)5磅。研究人員表示，這多出了4磅，不能作為電池的智能替代品。所以他們希望更多的研究能讓他們減輕負(fù)重，確保背包能讓你充電而不會讓你感到沉重)”可知，背這個背包會有困難因?yàn)榘l(fā)電機(jī)太重了。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填人空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ThepoweroflanguagesLanguageistheprimarytoolforexpressionandcommunication.Itisasomagicalthingthatsometimesitwillmakepeoplefallintoabyssandanothertimeitwillmakepeopleinthesky.____16____Scholarsmanagetodeterminewhatisuniqueanduniversalaboutthelanguagesweusehowtheyareacquiredandhowtheychangeovertime.____17____“Understandingwhyandhowlanguagesdiffertellsabouttherangeofwhatishuman,”saidProfessorDanJurafsky.“Discoveringwhat'suniversalaboutlanguagescanhelpusunderstandthecoreofourhumanity.”Thefollowingsrepresentsomeofthewaysscholarshaveinvestigatedmanyaspectsoflanguages.____18____Onestudyshowedthatarelativelyharmlesssentence,suchas"girlsareasgoodasboysatmath",canshowadeepermeaning.Becauseofthestatement'sgrammaticalstructure,itimpliesthatbeinggoodatmathismorecommonforboysthangirls,theresearcherssaid.Languages'uniquenessPeoplespeakroughly7,000languagesworldwide.____19____.Jurafskysaidit'simportanttostudydifferentlanguagesandhowtheydevelopovertimebecausethatcanhelpscholarsunderstandwhatliesatthefoundationofhumans'uniquewayofcommunicatingwithothers.Languagesasalens(鏡頭)intobehaviorScholarsanalyzehowcertainspeechpatternscorrespondtoparticularbehaviors,includinghowlanguagescanimpactpeople'sbuyingdecisionsorinfluencetheirsocialmediause.____20____A.DeepermeaningsoflanguagesB.Grammaticalstructure'sfunctionoflanguagesC.Languageshavedifferentspeechpatternsanddifferentbehaviors.D.Althoughthereisalotincommonamonglanguages,eachoneisuniqueE.Theyconsiderlanguagesasacultural,socialandpsychologicalphenomenon.F.Theyfoundthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentinfluencesonmakingsomedecisions.G.Studyinghowpeopleuselanguagescanhelpusbetterunderstandourselvesandwhywebehavethewaywedo.【答案】16.G17.E18.A19.D20.F【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。語言是表達(dá)和交流的主要工具。它是一件很神奇的東西，有時它會讓人墜入深淵，有時它會讓人在天空中。文章主要介紹了學(xué)者們研究語言各個方面的一些方法。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Languageistheprimarytoolforexpressionandcommunication.Itisasomagicalthingthatsometimesitwillmakepeoplefallintoabyssandanothertimeitwillmakepeopleinthesky.(語言是表達(dá)和交流的主要工具。它是一件很神奇的東西，有時它會讓人墜入深淵，有時它會讓人在天空中)”以及下一段中“Scholarsmanagetodeterminewhatisuniqueanduniversalaboutthelanguagesweusehowtheyareacquiredandhowtheychangeovertime.(學(xué)者們設(shè)法確定我們使用的語言的獨(dú)特性和普遍性，它們是如何習(xí)得的，以及它們是如何隨著時間而變化的)”可知，上文提到了語言的神奇之處，后文則提到了學(xué)者們對語言的研究，可知本句是在說明研究人員對于語言會對人們產(chǎn)生不同影響現(xiàn)象的研究，故G選項(xiàng)“研究人們?nèi)绾问褂谜Z言可以幫助我們更好地了解自己，以及我們?yōu)槭裁磿羞@樣的行為”符合語境，故選G?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Scholarsmanagetodeterminewhatisuniqueanduniversalaboutthelanguagesweusehowtheyareacquiredandhowtheychangeovertime.(學(xué)者們設(shè)法確定我們使用的語言的獨(dú)特性和普遍性，它們是如何習(xí)得的，以及它們是如何隨著時間而變化的)”可知，上文提到了學(xué)者們設(shè)法確定我們使用的語言的獨(dú)特性和普遍性，可知本句應(yīng)承接上文繼續(xù)說明學(xué)者對語言的看法，E選項(xiàng)中They指代上文中Scholars。故E選項(xiàng)“他們認(rèn)為語言是一種文化、社會和心理現(xiàn)象”符合語境，故選E?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Onestudyshowedthatarelativelyharmlesssentence,suchas"girlsareasgoodasboysatmath",canshowadeepermeaning.Becauseofthestatement'sgrammaticalstructure,itimpliesthatbeinggoodatmathismorecommonforboysthangirls,theresearcherssaid.(一項(xiàng)研究表明，一句相對無害的句子，如“女生和男生數(shù)學(xué)一樣好”，可以表達(dá)更深的意思。研究人員說，從這句話的語法結(jié)構(gòu)來看，這意味著男孩比女孩更擅長數(shù)學(xué))”可知，本段的主旨在于說明語言可以表達(dá)更深層次的意思，A選項(xiàng)中Deepermeanings對應(yīng)后文中deepermeaning。故A選項(xiàng)“語言的深層意義”符合語境，故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Peoplespeakroughly7,000languagesworldwide.(全世界大約有7000種語言)”以及后文“Jurafskysaidit'simportanttostudydifferentlanguagesandhowtheydevelopovertimebecausethatcanhelpscholarsunderstandwhatliesatthefoundationofhumans'uniquewayofcommunicatingwithothers.(尤拉夫斯基說，研究不同的語言以及它們?nèi)绾坞S著時間的推移而發(fā)展，這很重要，因?yàn)檫@可以幫助學(xué)者們理解人類獨(dú)特的交流方式的基礎(chǔ)是什么)”可知，上文提到了全世界的語言種類，后文則提到語言可以幫助學(xué)者們理解人們交流的獨(dú)特性，D選項(xiàng)中unique對應(yīng)后文中unique。故D選項(xiàng)“雖然語言之間有很多共同之處，但每一種語言都是獨(dú)特的”符合語境，故選D?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Scholarsanalyzehowcertainspeechpatternscorrespondtoparticularbehaviors,includinghowlanguagescanimpactpeople'sbuyingdecisionsorinfluencetheirsocialmediause.(學(xué)者們分析特定的言語模式如何對應(yīng)特定的行為，包括語言如何影響人們的購買決定或影響他們的社交媒體使用)”可知，上文提到了語言可以影響人們的購買決定或影響他們的社交媒體使用，即語言對做一些決定有不同的影響。F選項(xiàng)中influences對應(yīng)后文中influence。故F選項(xiàng)“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)不同的語言對做一些決定有不同的影響”符合語境，故選F。第三部分:英語知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題上分,滿分15分)Oneday,Aristotlewaswalkingonbeach,abeautifulsunsetwashappening.Buthedidn'thavetimeto____21____thatashewasbusythinkingseriouslyaboutsomegreatproblemsoflife.____22____thinking,hewalkedupanddownthebeach.Thereonbeachhesawanothermandoingsomethingveryabsorbed—SoabsorbedthatAristotlecouldn't____23____him.Aristotlewent____24____andobservedwhatthatmanwasdoingandsawhewaswalking____25____betweenthebeachandocean.Aristotlestoppedthemanandasked,"Hey,whatareyouupto?"Themansaid."Don't____26____me;Iamdoingsomethingveryimportant."andthenwentonwithhiswork.Aristotlebecameevenmore____27____andasked,"Whatisthisimportantthing?"Themanwithatablespooninhandshowedhimalittle____28____hehadduginsandandsaid,"Iam____29____theoceanintothishole."Aristotlelookedatthisandlaughed,"Thisiscrazy.Youmustbemad.Doyouknowhow_____30_____thisoceanis?Howcanyoueveremptythisoceanintothislittleholewithatablespoon?Thereisno_____31_____."ThemanlookedatAristotle,then_____32_____thespoondownandsaid,"Myjobisalreadydone."Aristotlesaid,"Whatdoyoumean?Nottomentionoceanbeingempty,eventheholeisnot_____33_____.Howcanyousayyourjobisdone?"He_____34_____andsaid:"Iamtryingtoemptytheoceanintothisholewithatablespoon.Youaretellingmeitiscrazy,soIshouldgiveup."Thestorytellsusthatcomparedtoworkinghard,_____35_____goalsaremoreimportant.21.A.analyze B.appeal C.accompany D.appreciate22.A.Before B.While C.Since D.Though23.A.impress B.imply C.ignore D.identify24.A.close B.mysteriously C.aside D.gently25.A.rightandleft B.backandforth C.againandagain D.nowandthen26.A.oppose B.monitor C.disturb D.reject27.A.capable B.eager C.anxious D.curious28.A.hole B.bowl C.fish D.stone29.A.employing B.clarifying C.emptying D.switching30.A.deep B.broad C.splendid D.vast31.A.good B.chance C.result D.sense32.A.threw B.broke C.bent D.made33.A.accurate B.available C.full D.efficient34.A.summedup B.stoodup C.straightenedup D.tookup35.A.practical B.reliable C.visible D.flexible【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.A25.B26.C27.D28.A29.C30.D31.B32.A33.C34.B35.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述了Aristotle看見一個人在海灘全神貫注地做一件事情，感到很好奇，經(jīng)過了解知道那個人想要通過一個小洞清空大海，Aristotle覺得這個目標(biāo)不現(xiàn)實(shí)，后來這個人放棄了。這個故事告訴我們，與努力工作相比，實(shí)際的目標(biāo)更重要?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但他沒有時間去欣賞這一點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樗χJ(rèn)真思考人生中的一些重大問題。A.analyze分析；B.appeal呼吁，懇求；C.accompany陪伴；D.appreciate欣賞，感激。根據(jù)“Oneday,Aristotlewaswalkingonbeach,abeautifulsunsetwashappening.（有一天，亞里斯多德在海灘上散步，夕陽西下。）”和“ashewasbusythinkingseriouslyaboutsomegreatproblemsoflife.”可知，他沒有時間欣賞美景。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查從屬連詞辨析。句意：一邊思考，他一邊在海灘上走來走去。A.Before在……之前；B.While當(dāng)……時候；C.Since自從；D.Though盡管。根據(jù)“ashewasbusythinkingseriouslyaboutsomegreatproblemsoflife.”可知，他一邊思考一邊在海灘走來走去。故選B。【23題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在海灘上，他看見另一個人正在做一件非常吸引人的事——他全神貫注，以致亞里士多德無法忽視他。A.impress使印象深刻；B.imply暗示，表明；C.ignore忽視；D.identify鑒定，認(rèn)出。根據(jù)“Thereonbeachhesawanothermandoingsomethingveryabsorbed”可知，Aristotle無法忽視這個全神貫注的人。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：亞里斯多德走近觀察那個人在做什么，看到他在海灘和海洋之間來回走動。A.close近地，接近；B.mysteriously神秘地；C.aside在旁邊；D.gently溫柔地，溫和地。根據(jù)“observedwhatthatmanwasdoing”可知，亞里斯多德走近觀察那個人在做什么。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查固定短語辨析。句意同上。A.rightandleft向四面八方；B.backandforth反復(fù)地；C.againandagain一次又一次；D.nowandthen偶爾，不時。根據(jù)“betweenthebeachandocean”可知，Aristotle看到那個人在海灘和海洋之間來回走動。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“不要打擾我；我正在做一件非常重要的事情?！盇.oppose反對；B.monitor監(jiān)視；C.disturb打擾；D.reject拒絕接受。根據(jù)“Iamdoingsomethingveryimportant."andthenwentonwithhiswork.”可知，那個人讓Aristotle不要打擾自己。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：亞里士多德更加好奇，問道:“這個重要的東西是什么?”A.capable有能力的；B.eager渴望的；C.anxious焦慮的；D.curious好奇的。根據(jù)“"Whatisthisimportantthing?"”可知，Aristotle更加好奇，于是進(jìn)行提問。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那個手里拿著湯匙的人指給他看他在沙子上挖的一個小洞，說:“我要把海水倒進(jìn)這個洞里?！盇.hole洞；B.bowl碗；C.fish魚；D.stone石頭。根據(jù)“"Iam____9____theoceanintothishole."”可知，此處是信息詞hole的詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選A。【29題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.employing雇傭；B.clarifying澄清；C.emptying清空；D.switching轉(zhuǎn)換，交換。根據(jù)“Howcanyoueveremptythisoceanintothislittleholewithatablespoon?”可知，那個人想要通過一個小洞倒空海水。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：你知道這海洋有多大嗎？A.deep深的；B.broad寬闊的；C.splendid壯觀的，華麗的；D.vast遼闊的。根據(jù)常識可知，海洋是非常廣闊的。故選D。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：