大學(xué)英語閱讀理解練習(xí)

Passage1

Therehavebeenmanygreatinventions,thingsthatchangedthewaywelive.

Thefirstgreatinventionwasonethatisstillveryimportanttoday...thewheel.This

madeiteasiertocarryheavythingsandtotravellongdistances.

Forhundredsofyearsafterthattherewerefewinventionsthathadasmucheffect

asthewheel.Thenintheearly1800*stheworldstartedtochange.Therewaslittle

unknownlandleftintheworld.Peopledidn'thavetoexploremuchanymore.They

begantoworkinsteadtomakelifebetter.

Inthesecondhalfofthe19thcenturymanyinventionsweremade.Amongthem

werethecamera,theelectriclightandtheradio.Theseallbecameabigpartofourlife

today.

Thefirstpartofthe20thcenturysawmoregreatinventions.Thehelicopterin

1909.Soundmoviesin1926.Thecomputerin1928.Andjetplanesin1930.Thiswas

alsoatimewhenanewmaterialwasfirstmade.Nyloncameoutin1935.Itchanged

thekindofclothespeoplewear.

Themiddlepartofthe20thcenturybroughtnewwaystohelppeoplegetover

diseases.Theyworkedverywell.Theymadepeoplehealthierandletthemlivelong

lives.Bythe1960*smostpeoplecouldexpecttolivetobeatleast60.

Bythistimemostpeoplehadaverygoodlife.Ofcoursenewinventions

continuedtobemade.Butmannowhadadesiretoexploreagain.Theworldisknown

tomanbutthestarsarenotyet.Manbeganlookingforwaystogointospace.Russia

madethefirststep.ThentheUnitedStatestookastep.Sincethenothercountries,

includingChinaandJapan,havemadetheirstepsintospace.

In1969mantookhisbiggeststepawayfromearth.Americansfirstwalkedonthe

moon.Thisiscertainlyjustbeginningthough.Newinventionswillsomedayallowus

todothingswehaveneveryetdreamedof.

1.inventionshadhadasmucheffectasthewheelbeforethe19thcentury.

A.QuiteanumberofB.SomeC.FewD.Manyother

2..Nyloncameoutnearlyatthesametimeas.

A.theradioBthecameraCjetplanesDthemovies

3.Peoplecanlivelongerlivesbecausetohelppeoplecurediseases

haveworkedverywell.

A.doctorsBnewmethodsCmedicinesDnewhospitals

4.Bythe19601s.

A.peoplekneweverythingabouttheworld

B.peoplecouldlivelonger.

C.onlythemoonwasstillunknown

D.theworldasawholewasknowntoman

5.Wecansafelycometotheconclusionthatpeople'sliveswillbemadeeven

betterthrough.

A.newdiscoveries

B.greaterinventions

C.betterwaystohelpgetoverdisease

D.alloftheabove

Passage2

Earlyinthe16thcenturymenweretryingtoreachAsiabytravelingwestfrom

Europe.InordertofindAsiatheyhadtofindawaypastSouthAmerica.Themanwho

eventuallyfoundthewayfromtheAtlanticOceantothePacificwasFerdinand

Magellan.

MagellansailedfromSevilleinAugust1519withfiveshipsandabout280men.

Fourteenmonthslater,afterspendingtheseverewinteronthecoastofPatagonia,he

discoveredthechannelwhichisnowcalledMagellan'sStrait.InNovember1520,after

manymonthsofdangersfromrocksandstorms,thethreeremainingshipsenteredthe

oceanontheothersideofSouthAmerica.

Theythencontinued,hopingtoreachAsia.Buttheydidnotseeanylanduntil

theyreachedtheislandsoffthecoastofAsia.Beforetheyarrivedattheseislands,later

knownasthePhilippines,menweredyingofstarvation.Whiletheywerestayingin

thePhilippines,Magellanwaskilledinbattle.Theremainingofficersthenhadtoget

backtoSpain.TheydecidedtosailroundAfrica.Aftermanydifficulties,oneshipwith

eighteenmensailedintoSevillethreeyearsafterleaving.Theywereallthatremained

ofMagellan'sexpectation.However,theirachievementwasgreat.Theywerethefirst

mentosailroundtheworld.

1.ThepurposeofMagellan'sexpectationwas.

A.Tosailroundtheworld

B.TofindnavigationlanefromtheAtlantictothePacific

C.TomakeavoyagetoAsia

D.TocarrythemtoPhilippines

2.ThetimeMagellanStraitwasdiscoveredwas.

A.inAugust1519

B.inOctober1520

C.inNovember1520

D.notmentioned

3.Thenumberoftheshipslostonthewholeexpeditionwas.

A.two

B.three

C.four

D.five

4.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassageconcerningtheexpedition?

A.Lackofnavigationequipment.

B.SeverwinterinPatagonia.

C.ThedeathofMagellan.

D.Dangersfromrocksandstorms.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassageis.

A.ThediscoveryofMagellan'sStrait

B.TheDiscoveryofthePhilippines

C.TheMostDangerousExpeditioninNavigation

D.TheFirstExpeditiontoAsia

Passage3

ArichAmericanwentintoashopinLondon.Hewantedverymuchtobuya

nice-lookinggoldwatch.Hesawonethatheliked,buttheowneroftheshopasked

fivehundredU.S.dollarsforit.Suddenlyayoungmancametotheshop,snatchedthe

watchoutoftheownefshands,andranawaywithit.Itallhappenedinafewseconds.

Whentheownerranintothestreet,thethiefwasalreadylostamongthecrowds.

TheAmericanwenton.Atthenextcornerhesawtheyoungthiefwiththestolen

watchinhishand.nDoyouwanttobuyafinewatch,minister?"hewhispered."It's

onlyahundreddollars."

"Itsclearthethiefdoesn'tknowIsawhimstealingthewatch,"theAmerican

thought.Hepaidatonceandwentbacktohishotelwiththewatch.Hecouldn*thelp

tellinghisfriendabouthisgoodluck.

Hisfriendtooalookatthewatchandlaughed,saying,"You'vebeenmadeafool

of.Thiswatchisn'twortheventendollars.I'msurethattheshopownerandthethief

plannedthistogether.Whydon'tyouaskthepolicetohelpyougetyourmoney

back?"

Therichmandecidednot.Hethoughthe'dbetterkeepquietaboutit.

1.Ayoungmansnatchedthewatchoutoftheowner'shand,so.

A.hemusthavetakenitveryquickly

B.hemusthavetakenitgently

C.hemusthavetakenitwithoutanyforce

D.hemusthavetakenitwithoutanyhaste

2.Thethiefstoodatthenextcorner,for.

A.heknewthattheAmericanmustpasshere

B.hethoughtthatitwasaquietplace

C.hethoughthathewouldn'tbeseentherebythepolice

D.heusedtostandthereafterstealingawatch

3.TheAmericanboughtthewatchatonce,becausehethought.

A.thewatchwasverynice

B.thewatchwasverycheap

C.thethiefwasverysilly

D.itwasastolenwatch

4.TheAmericantoldhisfriendthewholestory,becausehethought.

A.thestorywasfunny

B.thestorywasinteresting

C.thewatchwasaniceone

D.hewasveryluck

5.TheAmericandidn*taskthepolicetohelphimtogethismoneyback,because

A.hewantedtogetitbackbyhimself

B.hedidn'tknowthewaytothepolice

C.hewasveryrich

D.itwasastolenwatch,anditmightbringhimtrouble

Passage4

Someskyscrapersnowbeingbuiltwillhavebuilt-indevicestohelpfiremenin

rescuingpeoplefromtopfloors.Steelbars,muchliketherailstrainsrunon,are

firmlyattachedtotheouterwalls.Therailsrunstraightupthewallsbetweenrowsof

windows.

Duringafirealertataskyscraperwiththisdevice,aspecialfireenginewill

arrive.Insteadofanextensionladder,theenginewillcarryalightmetalbox.Onits

frontisawindow;onthebackareadooropeningandfourspecialwheels.Anelectric

motorthatturnsthewheelsreceivesitssupplyofpowerfromthefireenginethrough

alongcable.

Thefiremenhandletheboxsothatthewheelsgriptwoadjacentrailsonthe

building.Themotorisswitchedon.Thebox,withafiremaninside,runsupthewall

oftheskyscraperwherepeopleawaitrescueatthewindows.

1.Built-indevicesonskyscrapersaremeanttohelppeopleawaitingrescue

from.

A.elevatorsorliftsB.televisiontowers

C.theupperfloorsD.thelowerfloors

2.Steelrailsforthedevicemustbeattached.

A.firmlyB.straightupthewalls

C.straightacrossthewallsD.bothAandB

3.Therescueequipmentgripstherailsby.

A.steelhooksB.twospecialwheels

C.fourspecialwheelsD.Thearticledoesnotsay.

4.Thepowermovingtheequipmentuptherailsis.

A.steamB.electricityC.gravityD.humanenergy

5.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsthisnewdevice?

A.Theauthordoesn'tsayB.supportive

C.negativeD.verysupportive

Passage5

I'musuallyfairlyskepticalaboutanyresearchthatconcludesthatpeopleareeitherhappieror

unhappierormoreorlesscertainofthemselvesthantheywere50yearsago.Whileanyofthese

statementsmightbetrue,theyarepracticallyimpossibletoprovescientifically.Still,Iwasstruck

byareportwhichconcludedthattoday*schildrenaresignificantlymoreanxiousthanchildrenin

the1950s.Infact,theanalysisshowed,normalchildrenaged9to17exhibitahigherlevelof

anxietytodaythanchildrenwhoweretreatedformentalillness50yearsago.

WhyareAmerica'skidssostressed?Thereportcitestwomaincauses:increasingphysical

isolation—broughtonbyhighdivorceratesandlessinvolvementincommunity,amongother

things-andagrowingperceptionthattheworldisamoredangerousplace.

Giventhatwecan'tturntheclockback,adultscanstilldoplentytohelpthenextgeneration

cope.

Atthetopofthelistisnurturing(培育)abetterappreciationofthelimitsofindividualism.

Nochildisanisland.Strengtheningsocialtieshelpsbuildcommunitiesandprotectindividuals

againststress.

Tohelpkidsbuildstrongerconnectionswithothers,youcanpulltheplugonTVsand

computers.Yourfamilywillthankyoulater.Theywillhavemoretimeforface-to-face

relationships,andtheywillgetmoresleep.

Limittheamountofvirtual(虛擬的)violenceyourchildrenareexposedto.It'snotjustvideo

gamesandmovies;childrenseealotofmurderandcrimeonthelocalnews.

Keepyourexpectationsforyourchildrenreasonable.Manyhighlysuccessfulpeoplenever

attendedHarvardorYale.

Makeexercisepartofyourdailyroutine.Itwillhelpyoucopewithyourownanxietiesand

provideagoodmodelforyourkids.Sometimesanxietyisunavoidable.Butitdoesn'thavetoruin

yourlife.

1.Theauthorthinksthattheconclusionsofanyresearchaboutpeople'sstateofmindare.

A)surprisingB)confusing

C)illogicalD)questionable

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenhesays,"wecan'tturntheclockback"(Line1,Para.3)?

A)It'simpossibletoslowdownthepaceofchange.

B)Thesocialrealitychildrenarefacingcannotbechanged.

C)Lessonslearnedfromthepastshouldnotbeforgotten.

D)It'simpossibletoforgetthepast.

3.Accordingtoananalysis,comparedwithnormalchildrentoday,childrentreatedasmentallyill

50yearsago.

A)werelessisolatedphysically

B)wereprobablylessself-centered

C)probablysufferedlessfromanxiety

D)wereconsideredlessindividualistic

4.Thefirstandmostimportantthingparentsshoulddotohelptheirchildrenis.

A)toprovidethemwithasaferenvironment

B)tolowertheirexpectationsforthem

C)togetthemmoreinvolvedsocially

D)tosetagoodmodelforthemtofollow

5.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

A)Anxiety,thoughunavoidable,canbecopedwith.

B)Children'sanxietyhasbeenenormouslyexaggerated.

C)Children'sanxietycanbeeliminatedwithmoreparentalcare.

D)Anxiety,ifproperlycontrolled,mayhelpchildrenbecomemature.

Passage6

Mostofusgrowuptakingcertainthingsforgranted.Wetendtoassumethatexpertsand

religiousleaderstellus“thetruth”.Wetendtobelievethatthingsadvertisedontelevisionorin

newspaperscan'tbebadforus.

However,encouragementofcriticalthinkinginstudentsisoneofthegoalsofmostcolleges

anduniversities.Fewprofessorsrequirestudentstosharetheprofessors?ownbeliefs.Ingeneral,

professorsaremoreconcernedthatstudentslearntoquestionandcriticallyexaminethearguments

ofothers,includingsomeoftheirownbeliefsorvalues.Thisdoesnotmeanthatprofessorsinsist

thatyouchangeyourbeliefs,either.Itdoesmean,however,thatprofessorswillusuallyaskyouto

supporttheviewsyouexpressinclassorinyourwriting.

Ifyourpremises(前提)areshaky,orifyourargumentsarenotlogical,professorspersonally

pointoutthefalsereasoninginyourarguments.Mostprofessorswantyoutolearntorecognize

thepremisesofyourarguments,toexaminewhetheryoureallyacceptthesepremises,andto

understandwhetherornotyoudrawlogicalconclusions.Putitthisway:Professorsdon'ttellyou

whattothink;theytrytoteachyouhowtothink.

Ontheotherhand,ifyouintendtodisagreewithyourprofessorsinclass,youshouldbe

preparedtoofferastrongargumentinsupportofyourideas.Arguingjustforthesakeofarguing

usuallydoesnotpromoteacriticalexaminationofideas.Manyprofessorsinterpretitas

rudeness.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,thewritertriestotellusthatpeople.

A)easilyacceptcertainthingswithoutasecondthought

B)growupthroughlearningcertainthingsinlife

C)areformingtheirviewsduringtheirgrowth

D)havestrongbeliefsinauthoritieswhilegettingold

2.Nowadays,mostcollegesanduniversitiesencouragestudentsto.

A)criticizeothers

B)shareprofessors,beliefs

C)givetheirownideas

D)changetheirownbeliefs

3.Theword"shaky”(Line1,Para.3)mostprobablymeans"

A)creativeB)firm

C)falseD)weak

4.Tohelpstudentsdeveloptheircriticalthinking,professorsmainlyteachthem.

A)choiceoftheirpremises

B)thewaytothinkindependently

C)skillsofdrawingconclusions

D)differentkindsofargument

5.Accordingtothewriter,therightwaytoargueisto.

A)arguemainlyforthesakeofarguing

B)proveitwithagoodconclusion

C)supportyourideawithsoundreasoning

D)examineothers,ideascritically

Passage7

Thefoodweeatseemstohaveprofoundeffectsonourhealth.Althoughsciencehasmade

enormousstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,mademanyfoodunfitto

eat.Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofallhumanillnessesarerelatedtodiet

andfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtothedietaswell,especiallycancerofthecolon.Different

culturesarepronetocontractcertainillnessesbecauseofthefoodthatischaracteristicinthese

cultures.

Thatfoodisrelatedtoillnessesisnotanewdiscovery.In1945,governmentresearchers

realizedthatnitratesandnitrites,commonlyusedtopreservecolorinmeats,andotherfood

addictives,causedcancer.Yet,thesecarcinogenicaddictivesremaininourfood,anditbecomes

moredifficultallthetimetoknowwhichthingsonthepackaginglabelsofprocessedfoodare

helpfulorharmful.Theaddictiveswhichweeatarenotallsodirect.Farmersoftengivepenicillin

tocowsandpoultryandbecauseofthis,penicillinhasbeenfoundinthemilkoftreatedcows.

Sometimessimilardrugsareadministered(given)toanimalsnotformedicalpurposes,butfor

financialreasons.Thefarmersaresimplytryingtofattentheanimalsinordertoobtainahigher

priceonthemarket.AlthoughtheFoodandDrugAdministrationhastriedrepeatedlytocontrol

theseprocedures,thepracticescontinue.

1.Howhassciencedoneadisservicetomankind?

A)Becauseofscience,diseasecausedbycontaminatedfoodhasbeenvirtuallydoneaway

with.

B)Ithascausedalackofinformation,concerningthevalueoffood.

C)Asaresultofscientificintervention,somepotentiallyharmfulsubstanceshavebeenadded

toourfood.

D)Thescientistshavepreservedthecolorofmeats,butnotofvegetables.

2.Whatarenitratesusedfor?

A)Theypreserveflavorinpackagedfood.

B)Theypreservethecolorofmeats.

C)Theyaretheobjectsofresearch.

D)Theycausetheanimalstobecomefatter.

3.WhatdoesFDAmeanasanorganization?

A)FoodDirectAddictives

B)FinalDifficultAnalysis

C)FoodandDrugAdministration

D)FederalDairyAddictives

4.Theword“carcinogenic"meansnearlythesameas.

A)trouble-makingB)color-retaining

C)money-makingD)cancer-causing

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementisnottrue?

A)Drugsarealwaysgiventoanimalsformedicalreasons.

B)Someoftheaddictivesinourfoodareaddedtothefooditselfandsomearegiventothe

livinganimals.

C)Researchershaveknownthepotentialhazardsoffoodaddictivesforoverthirty-fiveyears.

D)Foodcancausefortypercentofcancerintheworld.

Passage8

Lonelinessisacuriousthing.Mostofuscanrememberfeelingmostlonelywhenwearenotin

factaloneatall,butwhenwearesurroundedbypeople.Everyonehasexperienced,atsometime,

thatnuttiersenseofisolationthatcomesoveryouwhenyouareatapartyorinanaudienceata

lecture.Itsuddenlyseemstoyouasifeverybodyknowseverybodyelse;everybodyissureof

himself;everybody,thatis,exceptyou.

Thisfeelingoflonelinesswhichcanovercomeyouwhenyouareinacrowdisverydifficultto

getridof.Peoplelivingaloneareadvisedtotackletheirlonelinessbyjoiningacluborasociety,

bygoingoutandmeetingpeople.Doesthisreallyhelp?

Therearenoeasysolutions.Yourfirstdayatwork,oratanewschooloruniversity,isatypical

situationinwhichyouarelikelytofeellonely.Youfeelthateverybodyelseisfullofconfidence

andknowswhattodo,butyouareadriftandhelpless.Thefactofthematteristhat,inorderto

survive,weallputonashowofself-confidencetohideouruncertaintiesanddoubts.

Inabigcity,itisparticularlyeasytogetthefeelingthateverybodyexceptyouisleadingafull,

rich,busylife.Everybodyisgoingsomewhere,andyoutendtoassumethattheyaregoing

somewhereniceandinteresting,whereasyourdestinationislessexcitingandfulfilling.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A)Acuriousthing.B)Loneliness.

C)Isolation.D)Afeeling.

2.Wefeelmostlonelywhenweare_____.

A)withpeopleB)atalecture

C)atapartyD)alone

3.Whatdopeopleusuallydototackletheirloneliness?

A)Joiningacluborasociety.B)Goingoutandmeetingpeople.

C)BothA)andB).D)Therearenosolutions.

4.Whydowetrytohideoursenseoflonelinesswhenwestartanewjob?

A)Becauseweareshy.B)Becausewehavenofriends.

C)Becausewehavenoacquaintances.D)Inordertosurvive.

5.Whatdoyoutendtoassumeothers,lifetobewhenyouareinabigcity?

A)Lonely.B)Happy.

C)Exciting.D)Full,richandbusy.

Passage9

Ourenvironmentisgettingworseandworsewiththeincreaseoftheworld

population,whichaffectstheenvironmentintwoways.First,thelimitedenergy

resourceswillbeusedupmuchfaster.Secondly,theincreasingpopulationcreates

morepollution,anothersevereproblemthatneedstobesolved.Bothproblemsare

long-termonesbecauseactionstakennowshowtheirresultsslowlyovermanyyears.

Theyarealsourgentbecausedelaysinactioncanleadtogreatsufferingandsocial

problems.Thequestionseemstobedifficulttohandleformostpeople.However,a

personcanbeaprotectorofenvironmentineverydaylifeifhetakesactionstosave

theenvironmentrightnow.Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,carsmake

transportationeasierandquickerthanbefore,butwecan'tignorethedisadvantages

broughttousbymoreandmorecarsinuse.Forexample,weareconsuming

gasoline,whichisanon-renewableresource,andwillsoonbegone.Moreover,the

exhaustedgasfromcarspollutesourair,andourhealthisthereforethreatenedbyair

pollution,whichhasabigpotentialeffectonourdailylife.Sowecanconsider

walking,takingbuses,carpooling,insteadofdrivingcarsalone.Thisseemstobea

veryslowprocessthatcan'tbesoeffectiveifit'stakenbyasingleperson.Butwhen

moreandmorepeoplebecomeawareoftheimportanceandpositivelytakeitastheir

personalresponsibilities,theconditionoftheairwillbeimprovedtoagreatextent.

1.Accordingtothewriter,themainproblemtoourenvironmenttodayis.

A.theincreaseofpopulation

B.thelimitedenergyresources

C.themoreseriousairpollution

D.thedevelopmentoftechnology

2.Fromthepassage,wecanknowthat__.

A.effectivemeasurescanbetakenmainlybythegovernment

B.takingmeasuresnowcansoonimprovetheenvironment

C.immediatemeasurescancausegreatsufferingandsocialproblems

D.everysingleperson'sactionhassomeeffectonenvironmentprotection

3.Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthispassageismostprobablyto_.

A.complainaboutpeople'sslowactionstoprotecttheenvironment

B.advisepeopletotakeactionstoprotecttheenvironment

C.showhimselftobeanactiveenvironmentprotector

D.pointoutthebadeffectsoftechnologiesinprotectingenvironment

4.Theauthorbelievesthatcarpooling_.

A.cangivehelptothosewithoutcars

B.cansavepeoplemoneyandtime

C.cansaveenergyresourcesandreduceairpollution

D.canpromotefriendshipamongdrivers.

5.Thepassageismainlyabout___.

A.energyresourcessaving

B.environmentprotection

C.populationcontrol

D.airpollution

Passage10

IntheUnitedStates,teachingisveryimportant.Ifteachersdonotteachwell,

studentscomplain.Ifmanystudentsdonotunderstand,peoplethinkthattheteacher

doesnotdoagoodjob.Theteacherhasbigresponsibilitytomakesurestudents

understand.Inasense,studentsareconsumersandtheteacherisofferingservices.

Studentshavetherighttoevaluatetheirteachers,andtheyusuallydosoatthe

endofeachcourse.Thatevaluationincludeslotsofaspectsofteaching,suchas

explanation,preparation,usinggoodexamples,answeringquestions,and

organizationofclasses.

Studentsaresupposedtoreadrequiredtextbooksandrecommendedbooks

beforeclass.Withoutreadingthem,theywillfinditverydifficulttounderstandthe

class.Basiccoursesondoingresearchandwritingpapersaretaughtatthebeginning

oftheprogram.Theyteachthingsveryconcretelyandclearly.Studentsareexpected

toapplywhattheyhavelearnedtotheirstudies.

Classesareusuallydividedintolecturesandseminars.Therearesomelecture

classes,wheretheteacherjustgivesalecture,andstudentsaskquestionsattheend.

Mostgraduatelevelclassesarelecturesanddiscussions.Participatingindiscussions

isveryimportant.Higherlevelclassesinvolveverylittlelecturing.Theyemphasize

discussionandpresentationbythestudents.

1.Accordingtothepassage,goodteachersshould—.

A.trytopleasetheirstudents

B.treattheirstudentsasconsumers

C.understandtheirstudentswell

D.makesuretheirstudentsunderstand

2.Teachersareevaluatedbystudentsmainlyon—.

A.howwelltheyperforminclass

B.howcarefullytheypreparetheirclasses

C.howfluentlytheyexpressthemselvesinclass

D.howhardtheyworkinandafterclass

3.Whatarestudentsexpectedtodobeforeattendingaclass?

A.Gooverthelessonsthoroughly.

B.Understandthetextbookswell.

C.Dothereadingassignments.

D.Prepareanoutlinefordiscussion.

4.Whenaprogramstarts,studentsshouldfirst.

A.learnhowtodoresearchandwritepapers.

B.havesomelearningexperience

C.learnaboutthecourseconcretelyandclearly

D.knowhowtoparticipateindiscussions

5.Higherlevelclassesaretaughtmainlythrough_.

A.givingalotoflecturestostudents

B.involvingstudentsindiscussions

C.askingstudentsquestionsinclass

D.answeringstudents'questionsinclass

Passage11

Genesthatcontrolfactorssuchassize,colorandshapedeterminethedifferences

infruit.Andnowthatscientistshavediscoveredhowtodetectdifferentgenes,

farmerscanhandoverayoungandtenderbranchtohaveitsgenescheckedpriorto

planting.Itworksthesamewayasadetectivecheckingfingerprints.Oncefarmers

knowwhichtreesaregoodandwhicharebad,theycandiscardthebadones.

Farmerscanevencreatenewvarietiesaccordingtotheirindividualtastes.

Inthepastthreeyears,tensofthousandsoftestswerecarriedouttodetermine

thegeneticfeaturesoffruit.Zhang,aChinesescientist,showedaphotoofaDNA

(脫氧核糖核酸)-testandpointedtotheshininglinesonit,sayingthatthelineswere

geneticsignsthattelluswhatatree'sfruitwillbelike.Forexample,theordinary

peartreebearsfruitafterfouryears.ButnowitonlytakesamonthtotesttheDNA

fromayoungleafandafarmerwillknoweverythingaboutitsfruit.Bymixing

differenttypesoftreeswithsuitablegenes,farmerscancreatewhateverfruittrees

theywant.

1.Detectingdifferentgenesinplantsislike__.

A.theexaminationofhumanfingerprints

B.thedevelopmentofnewvarietiesoffruit

C.thecheckingofyoungandtenderbranches

D.thedistinctionbetweenbadtreesandgoodones.

2.Theword“discard”(Line5,Para1)mostprobablymeansto_.

A.putaside

B.giveup

C.dealwith

D.takeup

3.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthatthestudyofgenes.

A.hasgreatlyaffectedtheway