職稱英語(yǔ)理工類b級(jí)模擬21

職稱英語(yǔ)理工類B級(jí)模擬21

第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)

下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為

接近的選項(xiàng)。

1>Beforeyoucarryoutasurvey,youshouldhaveacarefulplanning.

A.careerB.searchC.planD.research

2、Eveninahighlymodernizedcountry,manualworkisstillneeded.

A.expressiveB.physicalC.exaggeratedD.dubious

3、Sulphurhasoccasionallybeenfoundintheearthinanalmostpurestate.

A.regularlyB.accidentallyC.sometimesD.successfully

4、Withimmenserelief,Istoppedrunning.

A.muchB.enormousC.littleD.extensive

5、Theconstructionoftherailwayissaidtohavebeenterminated.

A.resumedB.putanendtoC.suspendedD.re-scheduled

6、Thenewstyleofshoesappealstothosestudents.

A.arisesB.absorbsC.attractsD.accepts

7、Theseideascanbea-pliedtothepractice.

A.beattachedtoB.bepracticedinC.becancelledbyD.betaken

away

8、Thisistheuniquesolutiontoourproblem.

A.onlyB.aloneC.singleD.lonely

9、Johndoesn11believeintraditionalmedicine；hehassomeremediesofhisown.

A.correctB.regularC.commonD.conventional

10>Hisjudgmentisobviouslywrong.

A.evidentlyB.possiblyC.totallyD.finally

11>Thestudyhasposedaquestionaboutthisnature.

A.supportedB.cancelledC.arousedD.raised

12>Thejudgesmustexercisethepowertoendthecase.

A.makeB.useC.haveD.watch

13、Whatpeopleoftentalkistheirdream.

A.worryB.showC.reduceD.mention

14、Ifwehaddiscusseditwiththemanager,hewouldhavesurelyagreewith

it.

A.unnecessarilyB.simplyC.certainlyD.possibly

15>Pleasedon'trefusehishelpbecauseheissokindaman.

A.mmdownB.godownC.putdownD.pulldown

第2部分：閱讀判斷

下面篇短文后列出7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷。如果該句提

供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A,如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B,如果該句的信息

文中沒(méi)有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C

TheySayIreland*stheBest

Irelandisthebestplaceintheworldtoliveinfor2005zaccordingto

alifequalityrankingthatappearedinBritain1sEconomistmagazinelast

week.

Theambitiousattempttocomparehappinesslevelsaroundtheworldisbased

ontheprinciplethatwealthisnottheonlymeasureofhumansatisfaction

andwell-being.

Theindexof111countriesusesdataonincomeszhealth,unemployment,

climate,politicalstability,jobsecurity,genderequalityaswellaswhat

themagazinecalls"freedom,familyandcommunitylife".

Despitethebadweather,troubledhealthservice,trafficcongestion（擁

擠）,genderinequalityandthehighcostofliving.Irelandscoredanimpressive

8.33pointsoutof10.

Thatputitwellaheadofsecond-placeSwitzerland,whichmanaged8.07.

Zimbabwe,troubledbypoliticalinsecurityandhunger,isratedthegloomiest

（最差的）,pickinguponly3.89points.

"Althoughrisingincomesandincreasedindividualchoicesarehighly-

valued.Hthereportsaid,nsomeofthefactorsassociatedwithmodernization

suchasthebreakdown（崩潰）intraditionalinstitutionsandfamilyvalues

inparttakeawayfromapositiveimpact."

"Irelandwinsbecauseitsuccessfullycombinesthemostdesirableelements

ofthenewwiththepreservationofcertainwarmelementsoftheold,such

asstablefamilyandcommunitylifeH.

Themagazineadmittedmeasuringqualityoflifeisnotastraightforward

thingtodo,andthatitsfindingswouldhavetheircritics.

No.2onthelistisSwitzerland.Theothernationsinthetop10areNorway,

Luxembourg,Sweden,Australia,Iceland,Italy,DenmarkandSpain.

TheUKispositionedatNo.29zamuchlowerpositionchieflybecauseof

thesocialandfamilybreakdownrecordedinofficialstatistics.TheUS,which

hasthesecondhighestpercapitaGDP（人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值）afterLuxembourg,took

the13thplaceinthesurvey.Chinawasinthelowerhalfoftheleagueat

60th.

16、For2,005years,Irelandhasbeenthebestplaceforhumanstolivein.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>Jobsecurityistheleastimportantmeasureoflifequality.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、CostoflivinginIrelandisprettyhigh.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、FamilylifeinZimbabweisnotstable.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20>IrelandispositionedatNo.1becauseitcombinesthemostdesirable

elementsofthenewwithsomegoodelementsoftheold.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Tomeasurelifequalityiseasy.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、TheUnitedStatesofAmericaisamongthetop10countries.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：（1）第23?26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2?5段

每段選擇1最佳標(biāo)題；⑵第27?30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選

項(xiàng)。

GlobalWarming

1.Smokeiscloudingourviewofglobalwarming,protectingtheplanetfrom

perhapsthree-quartersofthegreenhouse（溫室）effect.Thatmightsoundlikegood

news,butexpertssaythatasthecoverdiminishesincomingdecades,wearefacinga

dramaticincreaseofwarmingthatcouldbetwooreventhreetimesasgreatasofficial

bestguesses.

2.ThiswasthedramaticconclusionreachedlastweekataworkshopinDahlem,

Berlin,wheretopatmosphericscientistsgottogether,includingNobelprizewinner

PaulCrutzenandSwedishscientistBertBolin,formerchairmanoftheUN's

IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange（IPCC..

3.IPCCscientistshavesuspectedforadecadethataerosols（浮質(zhì)）ofsmokeand

otherparticlesfromburningrainforest,cropwasteandfossilfuelsareblocking

sunlightandcounteractingthewarmingeffectofcarbondioxide（二氧化物）emissions.

Untilnow,theyreckonedthataerosolsreducedgreenhousewanningbyperhapsa

quarter,cuttingincreasesby0.2℃.Sothe0.6℃ofwarmingoverthepastcentury

wouldhavebeen0.8℃withoutaerosols.

4.ButtheBerlinworkshopconcludedthattherealfigureisevenhigher—aerosols

mayhavereducedglobalwarmingbyasmuchasthree-quarters,cuttingincreasesby

1.8℃.IfSO,thegoodnewsisthataerosolshavepreventedtheworldgettingalmosttwo

degreeswarmerthanitisnow.Butthebadnewsisthattheclimatesystemismuch

moresensitivetogreenhousegasesthanpreviouslyguessed.

5.Asthosegasesareexpectedtocontinueaccumulatingintheatmospherewhile

aerosolsstabilizeorfall,thatmeans"dramaticconsequencesforestimatesoffuture

climatechange",thescientistsagreedinadraftreportfromtheworkshop.

A.AtmosphericScientists

B.TheCalculationsMadeattheBerlinWorkshop

C.ThePreviousCalculationsoftheEffectofAerosols

D.TheScientists'Agreement

E.TheAuthoritativeConclusion

F.GreenhouseGases

23>Paragraph2

24、Paragraph3

25>Paragraph4

26、Paragraph5

A.willinfluencefutureclimatechange

B.wassomewhatsurprising

C.willriserapidly

D.wasknowntousall

E.wasmuchhigherthanhadbeenexpected

F.willdropdramatically

27>Whenthecoverdiminishesinthecomingdecades,temperature.

28、TheconclusionreachedattheBerlinworkshop.

29、TheBerlinworkshopconcludedthattherealfigure.

30、Theincreaseofgreenhousegases.

第4部分：閱讀理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每題后面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根

據(jù)短文回答其后面的問(wèn)題，從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案。

第/J—篇ATTJ

AmericanSociety

WhenforeignersaresometimesaskedwhatseemsmoststrangeaboutAmerican

society,somewhereonthetopofthelistwillbethefacttheaveragecitizen

isallowedtopossessguns.

AlthoughitistruethatmanypeoplecarrygunslegallyintheUnitedStatesz

1

itisalsoknownthatmanywhopossessgunscarryillegally.Otherszwhodon1

havegunszfeelthatgunscanbeacquiredquiteeasily.Arecentsurveyindicated

thatmanyhighschoolstudents,especiallyintheinnercities,canacquire

gunwithlittledifficulty.

Althoughmostpeoplewouldneverwanttoownagun,othershavetakenup

huntingasasportandenjoyhuntingwildgameinseason.Huntingfordeer

andduckinfallandwinterisverymuchapartoftheAmericanculture.

Also,somefarmersinruralareaswhoraisecattleandsheepfeelthey

needtoprotecttheiranimalsagainstwolvesthatattacktheirherdsandflocks

atnight.TodefendandsupporttheirrightstopossessfirearmstheNational

RifleAssociation(NRA.wasfoundedin1871.Themainimportanceofthis

organizationhasbeenitseffortstopreventstrictguncontrollegislation.

TheNRAhasgreatpoliticalsupportinsmalltownsandruralareas,especially

intheWestandtheSouth,wherehuntingisespeciallypopular.Thosewho

favortherighttopossessgunsinsistthattheConstitutionprovidesthe

rightofpeoplentokeepandbeararms".Theybelievethatguncontrollaws

willnotsolvetheproblemofcrimeandviolenceinAmerica.

RecenteventsinAmerica,however,haveshownthatthequestionofgun

possessionisnowoutofcontrolandstrongvoiceshavecalledforimmediate

actiontobetaken.Inseeminglypeacefulschoolsstudentshavegoneinto

classroomsandopenedfireupontheirclassmates.Americahasbeenshocked

bysuchincidentswhichseemtooccurwithgreaterfrequency.Theperiodic

deathsofinnocentcitizensandevenforeignvisitorsfromgunshaveforced

legislatorstopasslawstostopthesesenselesskillings.

ThedaymaynotbefaroffwhenAmericawillbetransformedfromagun

culturetoonewhichcontrolstheiruseandpossession.

31、WhatismostunusualaboutAmericansociety?

A.ManyAmericansacquiregunsillegally.

B.Ordinarypeoplecanpossessgunslegally.

C.Theaveragecitizendoesnottrytopossessguns.

D.Manyschoolchildrencarrygunslegally.

32>SomeAmericansdefendtheirpossessionofgunsbyarguingthat.

A.deerandduckreproducetooquicklyinthecountry

B.herdsandflocksbotherfarmeratnight

C.huntingispartoftheAmericanwayoflife

D.wolvesthreatenpeople*slivesinruralareas

33、TheNationalRifleAssociationwasestablishedto.

A.helpstrengthenguncontrollawsB.unitepeoplewhopossessguns

C.defendAmericans1righttopossessgunsD.solvetheproblemofcrime

andviolence

34、GunpossessionhasbecomeahotissueintheUSbecauseitis.

A.gatheringpoliticalsupportB.becomingincreasinglyrestricted

C.threateningendangeredspeciesD.causingseriousproblems

35、Theauthor1sattitudetowardstheUSguncultureis.

A.positiveB.negativeC.indifferentD.neutral

弟一^扁

LivingStandardsAroundtheWorld

Thedifferencesinlivingstandardsaroundtheworldarevast.In1993,

theaverageAmericanhadanincomeofabout$25,000.Inthesameyear,the

averageMexicanearned$7,000,andtheaverageNigerianearned$1z500.Not

surprisingly,thislargevariationinaverageincomeisreflectedinvarious

measuresofthequalityoflife.Changesinlivingstandardsovertimeare

alsolarge.IntheUnitedStates,incomeshavehistoricallygrownabout2

percentperyear(afteradjustingforchangesinthecostofliving).Atthis

rate,averageincomedoublesevery35years.Insomecountries,economicgrowth

hasbeenevenmorerapid.InJapan,forinstance,averageincomehasdoubled

inthepast20years,andinSouthKoreaithasdoubledinthepast10years.

Whatexplainstheselargedifferencesinlivingstandardsamongcountries

andovertime?Theanswerissurprisinglysimple.Almostallvariationin

livingstandardsisattributabletodifferencesincountries,

productivity—thatisztheamountofgoodsandservicesproducedfromeach

hourofaworker1stime.Innationswhereworkerscanproducealargequantity

ofgoodsandservicesperunitoftime,mostpeopleenjoyahighstandard

ofliving；innationswhereworkersarelessproductive,mostpeoplemust

endureamoremeagerexistence.Similarly,thegrowthrateofanation*s

productivitydeterminesthegrowthrateofitsaverageincome.

Thefundamentalrelationshipbetweenproductivityandlivingstandards

issimple,butitsimplicationsarefar-reaching.Ifproductivityistheprimary

determinantoflivingstandardszotherexplanationsmustbeofsecondary

importance.Forexample,peoplemightthinkthatlaborunionsorminimum-wage

lawscontributedtotheriseinlivingstandardsofAmericanworkersover

thepastcentury.YettherealheroofAmericanworkersistheirrising

productivity.

Therelationshipbetweenproductivityandlivingstandardsalsohasgreat

implicationsforpublicpolicy.Whenthinkingabouthowanypolicywillaffect

livingstandardszthekeyquestionishowitwillaffectourabilitytoproduce

goodsandservices.Toimprovelivingstandardszpolicymakersneedtoraise

productivitybyensuringthatworkersarewelleducated,havethetoolsneeded

toproducegoodsandservices,andhaveaccesstothebestavailabletechnology.

36、Whichofthefollowingcountrieshasenjoyedthefastesteconomicgrowth

inhistory?

A.Mexico.B.TheUnitedStates.C.Japan.D.SouthKorea.

37、Theword"meager11inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto

A.modestB.poorC.meaninglessD.plentiful

38、Whatisthemostimportantfactorthatleadstotheriseinlivingstandards

ofaveragepeople?

A.Laborunions.B.Minimum-wagelaws.

C.Risingproductivity.D.Favorablepublicpolicy.

39、Thestudyoftherelationshipbetweenproductivityandlivingstandards

issignificantinthat_______.

A.itcallspolicymakers*attentiontoaqualifiedworkforce

B.itencouragesworkerstogetbettereducation

C.ithelpsimprovetheworkers*abilitytoproducegoodsandservices

D.itenablespolicymakerstoaccessthelatesttechnology

40、Thepassagemainlydiscusses.

A.thedifferencesinaverageincomeamongcountries

B.therelationshipbetweenproductivityandlivingstandards

C.thecausesoftheriseinlivingstandards

D.theimportanceofraisingproductivity

第-二答

Libraries

Librariesformavitalpartoftheworld*ssystemsofcommunicationand

education.Theymakeavailableknowledgeaccumulatedthroughtheages.People

inallwalksoflifeuselibraryresourcesintheirwork.Peoplealsoturn

tolibrariestosatisfyadesireforknowledgeortoobtainmaterialfor

leisure-timeactivity.Inaddition；manypeopleenjoybookdiscussionsz

concerts,filmprogramszlectures,storyhourszandavarietyofother

activitiesprovidedbylibraries.Librariesalsoplayanimportantrolein

preservingasociety1sculturalheritage（遺產(chǎn)）.Thelibraryranksasoneof

society*smostusefulserviceinstitutions.

Thecontentsoflibrarieshavechangedsomuchthroughtheyearsthatthe

wordlibraryitselfis,inasense,inaccurate.ThewordcomesfromtheLatin

wordliber,whichmeansbook.Today1slibrarieshousemanybooks,ofcourse.

However,theyalsohaveawidevarietyofothermaterialsthatcommunicate,

educatezandentertain.Thesematerialsincludemagazines,manuscripts（手

稿），newspaperszandcomputerdocuments.Audioandvisualmaterialsinclude

CDs,audiocassettetapes,videotapes,films,maps,paintingszandphotographs.

Inadditiontoregularbooks,alibrarymayhavelarge-typebooks,books

fortheblind,andtaperecordingsofbooks,calledtalkingbooks.Librarians

keeppacewiththechangingcontentsoflibrariestoserveasmanypeople

aspossible.Theireffortshaveturnedlibrariesintomultimediaresource

centers.

Theexpansionoflibrarycontentsgreatlyincreasesthelibrary1sability

tocommunicateandeducate.Forexample,peopleinterestedinclassicalmusic

canlistentoCDsandreadbooksonthetopics.Studentsofagriculturecan

readmagazinesandwatchvideotapesonfarmingmethods.Manypeopleuse

magazinesandnewspaperstofindthemostup-to-datematerialoncurrentevents.

Inadditiontoexpandingcontents,librarianshavedevelopedmanykinds

oflibrariestoservetheneedsofdifferentpeople.Thematerialsofeach

kindoflibraryareselectedtomeettheneedsofaspecificgroupofpatrons.

Schoollibrarieshavecollectionsthatprovidetheinformationneededby

elementaryandhighschoolstudents.Publiclibrariestailortheircollections

tothegeneralpublic.Governmentlibrarycollectionsaregearedchieflytoward

servingtheneedsofgovernmentofficials.Thousandsofspeciallibraries

provideinformationforprofessionalpeople,suchasadvertisingspecialists,

bankers,editors,engineers,lawyers,physicians,andscientists.

41、Thewordlibraryoriginallymeant.

A.freedomfromignoranceB.collectionsofbooks

C.meansofcommunicationD.storageofknowledge

42、Whichofthefollowingstatementsshowslibrariesnowadaysserveas

multimediaresourcecenters?

A.Peoplecanvisitthemattheirconvenienttime.

B.Peoplecanlearnaboutdifferentculturesinthem.

C,Theyhouseeducationalandrecreationalmaterialsinavarietyofforms.

D.Theyprovideinformationforprofessionalpeopleindifferentfields.

43、Includingtalkingbooksintheircollectionsisagoodexampleof.

A.theexpansionofthecontentsoflibraries

B.thedevelopmentofspeciallibraries

C.theentertainingfunctionoflibraries

D.therecordingserviceinlibraries

44、Inthelastparagraph,theword"patrons"probablymeans.

A.professionalpeopleB.academicresearchers

C.librariansD.readers

45、Theinformationprovidedinthispassagemayhelpus.

A.makebetteruseofthelibraryasausefulserviceinstitution

B.paymoreattentiontoup-to-datenewsprovidedinlibraries

C.betterunderstandlibrariansandappreciatetheirhardwork

D.savemoretimeforentertainmentinlibraryactivities

第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文

閱讀下面的短文，文章中有5處空白，文章后面有6組文字，請(qǐng)根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇

5組文字，將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。

TheWorld*sLongestBridge

Rumorhasitthatalegendary（傳說(shuō)的）six-headedmonsterlurksinthedeep

watersoftheTyrrhenianSeabetweenItalyandtheislandofSicily.46When

completedin2010,theworld*slongestbridgewillweighnearly300z000

tons—equivalenttotheicebergthatsanktheTitanic—andstretch5kilometers

long."That1snearly50percentlongerthananyotherbridgeeverbuilt,"

saysstructuralengineerShaneRixon.

47They*resuspensionbridges,massivestructuresbuilttospanvast

waterchannelsorgorges（峽谷）.Asuspensionbridgeneedsjusttwotowers

1

toshoulderthestructuresmammoth（巨大的）weightzthankstohefty（高強(qiáng)

度的）supportingcablesslungbetweenthetowersandanchoredfirmlyindeep

poolsofcementateachendofthebridge.TheMessinaStraitBridgewill

havetwo54,100-tontowers,whichwillsupportmostofthebridge1sload.

Thebeefy（結(jié)實(shí)的）cablesofthebridge,each1.2meterindiameter,willhold

upthelongestandwidestbridgedeckeverbuilt.

WhenconstructionbeginsontheMessinaStraitBridgein2005,thefirst

jobwillbetoerecttwo370meter-tallsteeltowers?48Gettingthesecables

upwillbesomething.It*snotjusttheirlength—totally5.3kilometers—but

theirweight.49

AfterloweringverticalHsuspender"cablesfromthemaincables,builders

willerecta60meter-wide54,630-tonsteelroadwayzordeck—wideenoughto

accommodate12lanesoftraffic.Thedeck1sweightwillpulldownonthecables

withaforceof70,500tons.Inreturn,thecablesyank（拽）upagainsttheir

firmlyrootedanchorswithaforceof139,000tons—equivalenttotheweight

ofabout100z000cars.Thoseanchorsareessential.50

A.Someenvironmentalistsareagainsttheprojectonbiologicalgrounds.

B.Whatdotheworld1slongestbridgeshaveincommon?

C.Iftrue,onedayyoumightspythebeastwhilezipping（呼嘯而過(guò)）across

theMessinaStraitBridge.

D.They1rewhatwillkeepthebridgefromgoinganywhere.

E.Thesecondjobwillbetopulltwosetsofsteelcablesacrossthestrait,

eachsetbeingabundleof44,352individualsteelwires.

F.Theywilltipupthescalesat166,500tons-morethanhalfthebridge1s

totalmass.

第6部分：完形填空

閱讀下面短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出了4個(gè)選項(xiàng)，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4

個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案。

Avalanche（雪崩）andItsSafety

Anavalancheisasuddenandrapidflowofsnow,oftenmixedwithairand

water,downamountainside.Avalanchesare