Unit5重要知識點牛津譯林版英語八年級上冊

8AU5【wele】1.wild不可數名詞“自然壞境，野生狀態(tài)”inthewild在野外，處于野生狀態(tài)adj.“野生的”wildanimals野生動物freeadj.自由的，不受束縛的(→freer→freest)befree/feelfreetodosth隨意做某事adj.免費的；空閑的→freelyadv.無拘無束地；自由自在地dish可數名詞“一道菜”可數名詞“盤，碟”dothedishes清洗餐具Socouldyoupleasenoteatthem?Noway![Could/Wouldyouplease(not)dosth?]一種表示請求的巨型，語氣比較委婉、客氣。肯定回答：Sure./Ofcourse./Noproblem.否定回答：Sorry,butI....[noway]“不可能”常用在口語中，表示不同意或拒絕。還可以表示不相信或驚訝“不會吧”pity不可數名詞“同情，憐憫”have/takepityon...同情....可數名詞“可惜，遺憾”常用單數形式whatapity!真可惜！dievi.死現在分詞dying過去式、過去分詞dieddeathn.死亡deadadj.死的dieof...死于...（疾病，年老，勞累等內部原因）diefrom...死于...（事故，地震，饑餓等外部原因）infact事實上，實際上=actually(用于強調與實際情況恰恰相反)What...doyoulikebest?=Whatis/areyourfavourite...?Ilike...best.=Myfavourite...is/are...【reading】meanvt.意思是，意味著過去式meant→meaningn.意義，意思→meaningfuladj.有意義的→meaninglessadj.無意義的●mean意為“意思是...”時，后接that引導的賓語從句。Theteachermeantthatyoumustlistencarefully.●mean意為“意味著...”時，后接動名詞（ving）作賓語。Whathesaidmeanssendingyoutothehospital.●mean還可以譯為“打算，意圖”，后接動詞不定式（todo）做賓語。Idon’tmeantohurtyou.bebornin/on+時間bebornin+地點not...anymore=nomore數量和程度上的“不再”常修飾短暫性動詞，指某個動作不再重復發(fā)生，它所表達的是“neveragain”或“沒有更多”not...anylonger=nolonger時間或距離上的“不再”它一般修飾延續(xù)性動詞，表示某個動作或狀態(tài)不再延續(xù)下去現在的情況和過去的情況加以比較，所以多用于一般現在時nomore和nolonger放在行為動詞的前面not...anymore和not...anylonger放在助動詞和be動詞的后面inthebeginning一開始=atfirstatthebeginningof...在...的開始formbeginningtoend從頭到尾learntodosth學會做某事→learnt/learnedlearnbyoneself自學learnof/about了解關于...learnfrom...向...學習learnbyheart背下來，背熟Sadly,giantpandasfaceseriousproblemsinthewild.不幸的是，大熊貓在野外面臨嚴重的問題。facevt.面臨；面對n.臉facetoface面對面地seriousadj.嚴肅的→seriouslyadv.嚴重地；嚴肅地；認真地Also，giantpandaslivemainlyonaspecialkindofbamboo.liveon....以食....為生liveby...靠...(手段)為生mainmainlyHowever,thebambooforestsarebeingsmallerandsmaller.howeveradv.句首However,......句末......,however.but連詞直接引出分句，表示轉折，其后一般不用逗號Asaresult,pandasmaynothaveaplacetoliveorfoodtoeat.asaresult因此asaresultof...由于，因為；作為....的結果indanger處境危險outofdanger脫險[類似]introubleinneedsafesafelyinsafetydangerdangerousdangerouslytakeaction采取行動takeactiontodosth采取行動做某事rightaway立刻，馬上=atonce/rightnowIfwedonothing,soontheremaybenoneleft.If引導的條件狀語從句一般使用一般現在時，主句有三種情況。①主句為一般將來時（主將從現）Iwillgoshoppingifitdoesn’traintomorrow.②主句為含有情態(tài)動詞的句子IfMr.Wuishere,hecanhelpus.③主句為祈使句Ifheasksyou,tellhimthetruth.none&noone¬hingnone人/物+of作主語時，謂語動詞用單數或復數均可回答“howmany/much”引導的特殊疑問句或含有“any+名詞”的一般疑問句noone人/做主語時，謂語動詞用單數回答“who”引導的特殊疑問句或含有anyone、anybody的一般疑問句nothing物/做主語時，謂語動詞用單數回答“what”引導的特殊疑問句或含有anything的一般疑問句left是leaved的過去分詞，此處作none的后置定語，意為“剩下的，留下的”。過去分詞作定語表示被動或完成。beimportanttosb/sth對某人/某物來說重要atbirth出生時，誕生時Man’snatureatbirthisgood.人之初，性本善。

【鞏固練習】用所給動詞的適當形式填空1.WhenIsawJimonmywayhome,Istopped_______(talk)withhim.2.Iforgot_______(tell)himaboutitandtoldhimagain.3.Youcanaskthatstrongman_______(help)you_______(move)thebigstone.4.Whotoldyou_______(do)this?5.Marydecided_______(do)herhomeworkassoonasshegothome.6.Doyouplan_______(take)Lindaoutforawalkaftersupper?【答案】1.totalk2.telling3.tohelp,move4.todo5.todo6.totake7.Heseemsveryworried.Maybeheforgets__________(bring)hishomeworkhere.【答案】tobring8.Howmuchdoweneed__________(feed)thepandaaday?【答案】tofeed9.Thisismyfirsttime__________(see)ababypanda.It’scute.【答案】tosee10.I’mtootiredtowalkanyfurther.Let’sstop__________(have)arest.【答案】tohave11.Canyoutellmewhere__________(buy)suchagoodhat?【答案】tobuy一、單詞拼寫1.Youneversee__________(狼)inapark.Doyouknowwhy?【答案】wolves2.Howmanykindsof__________(蜜蜂)arethereinthewild?【答案】bees3.Mylittledog's__________(weigh)istwokilograms.【答案】weight4.Whata__________（遺憾；同情）!Wemissedthewonderfulmatch.【答案】pity5.Someanimalsaregoodat__________(protect)theirbabiesinthewild.【答案】protecting6.Jackdidn’tgotoschoolbecauseofhisi__________.【答案】illness7.Didourgovernmentmake__________(法律)tomakepeopleliveinanorderlymanner?【答案】laws8.The__________(weigh)ofEddieis15kilogramsnow.Howheavyheis!【答案】weight9.Atthe__________(begin)ofthe21stcentury,manyyoungpeoplelikedwearingjeans.【答案】beginning10.Amothergiantpanda__________(die)intheworld.Whatapity!【答案】died11.Giantpandasarein__________(dangerous).【答案】danger13.Wewanttoseesquirrelsinthesea,butthereis__________(沒有）.【答案】none14.Babytigerslearnhow__________(catch)otheranimals.【答案】tocatch二、閱讀理解ATherearemanycoloursinnature.Butdoyouknowthatacolourhasweight?Ithinkyou’llsay“no”.ButIamafraidyouarewrong.Ifyoudon’tbelieve,youmaydoasmallexperiment(實驗).First,puttwoobjectswiththesameweightintotwoboxes.Thencovertheboxes.Wrap(包裹)oneboxwitharedpieceofpaper,theotherwithawhitepieceofpaper.Nowholdtheboxeswithyourhandonebyone.Itiscertainthatyouwillthinktheredoneisalittleheavier.Whydoesithappen?Ascientistfoundthatdifferentcolourshavedifferentweightinaman’smind.Sohedidmanytestsandatlasthegottheresult.Thatistosay,everycolourhasitsownweightinourmind.Theheaviestcolourisred,thenblue,green,.orange,yellowandwhite.Thescientiststoldusthatcoloursalsohavesmell.Canyousmellthecolour?OfcoursenotThenwhydidthescientistssayso?Thatisbecauseeverycolourrepresentsakindoflightwave(光波)acertainwavelength(波長).Itreachesourbrain(大腦)throughorgans(感覺器官)Accordingtothisdiscovery,scientistssaythatpeopleacceptthecolourtheylike,andrefusethecolourtheyhate.Soyourbodyandmindwillbehealthybyusingthecoloursyoulike.Oryou’llbenervousorevengetill.Ifyoustayinaroomwithredwindows,wallpapersandfurniture(家具)fortwohours,you’llfeelyouhavebeenthereforfourhours.Butiftheroomisblue,you’llfeelyouhavebeenthereforonlyonehour.Anotherexample,ifapersonwalksoutofaredroomandintoablueroom,histemperaturewillfall.Thatmeansourbodytemperaturewillchangewhenweseedifferentcolors.1.Whichisthelightestcolorinaman’smind?A.RedB.BlueC.GreenD.White2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Differentcolorshavedifferentweightsinaman’smind.B.Thecolor“blue”isthesecondheaviestcolorinaman’smind.C.Peoplecan’tsmellthecolors.D.Thecoloryoudon’tlikewillkeepyouhealthy.3.Whatwillhappenwhenyougetintoacoolcoloredroomfromawarmcoloredroom?A.Youwillfeelexcited.B.Youwillbehappyandcontented.C.Yourtemperaturewillfall.D.Youwillbenervous.4.Accordingtothepassage,howlongwillyoufeelifyoustayinaredroomforanhour?A.Twohours.B.FourshoursC.SixhoursD.Eighthours.【答案】1.D2.D3.C4.ABLet’strydoingthefollowingexperiment.Whattodo：Usestringtohangapapercliporothersmallobjectataboutchest（胸部）level.Pickupastick，suchasabroomhandle.Takethreeorfourstepsawayfromthepaperclip.Nowcloseoneeyeandwalktowardthepaperclip.Trytotouchitwiththetipofthestick.Ifyoumiss，tryagain，stillkeepingoneeyeclosed.Nowtryitwithbotheyesopenandseeifit’seasiertodo.Howitworks：Intheexperiment，youhavetojudgehowfarawaythepaperclipis.Yourbrainhasseveralwaysofdoingthis.Onesimplewaydependsonhowmuchyoureyehastofocus（聚焦）itself.Usingonlyoneeye，mostpeoplewillfinditdifficulttotouchthepapercliponthefirsttry，butthebrainstillgetssomeinformationaboutdistance—thoughnotmuch.Yourbraincanjudgedistancemuchbetterwhenyoulookatsomethingwithbotheyes.Infact，yourbrainhasmorethanonewaytousebotheyesinjudgingdistance.Forexample，toseeanythingclearly，youhavetomakebothofyoureyespointattheobject.Whenyoulookatanearbyobject，youreyesturninward.Youcanfeelthishappeningifyoulookatthetipofyourfingerandmoveyourfingertowardyournose.Yourbraingetsinformationfromtheeyesabouthowmuchtheyarepointingtowardeachother.Usingthatinformation，thebraincantellhowfarawayanyobjectis，whetheritisabasketballorapaperclip.1.Howmanymaterialsdoweneedatleasttodotheexperiment？A.TwoB.ThreeC.FourD.Five2.Thepassageismainlyaboutthatwitheyesourbraincanjudge.A.howbiganobjectisB.howhighanobjectisC.howfarawayanobjectisD.howmuchinformationanobjectis3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage？A.Ourbrainjudgesdistanceinonewaywhenweusebotheyes.B.Ourbraincannotjudgethedistanceofasmallobjectbutabigone.C.Howmuchoureyesfocushelpsourbrainjudgethesizeofanobject.D.Howmuchoureyesfocushelpsourbrainjudgethedistanceofanobject.4.Fromtheexperimentwecaninfer（推斷）.A.withoneeyewecanseeanobjectasclearlyasweusetwoeyesB.oureyesturntowardstheinsidewhenwelookatanobjectverynearC.within3or4steps，theneareranobjectis，themoreclearlywecanseeitD.ourbraincanhardlygetanyinformationaboutdistancewhenweuseoneeye【答案】1.B2.D3.BCFormanyyearsscientistshavesaidthattheearthisgettingwarmer.Nowtheyhavefoundsomethingnewhotcities!InthesouthernUS,theyhavefoundthatcitiesbeeveryhotinsummer.Forexample,thecityofAtlantainGeorgiahasrooftemperatureofupto50℃whileitis27℃inthestreets!Atnight,theoutsideofbuildingsstayssohotthattheheatofthecitycausesstormsoverthecity!Chinaalsohasthesamekindofproblems.Everyyearmorefarmlandisusedforfactoriesoroffices.Morehousingisneeded,too.Aspeoplebeericher,theybuymorecars.Newroadsareneededandnewcarparksarebuiltinthecitycenters.Thisallmakescitieshotter.Itisn’teasytochangethesituation.Cityplannerssaythatweshouldplantmoretreesinthemiddleofcities.Everynewstreetshouldhavetreesonbothsides,theysay.Treesmakethetemperaturelower,soweshouldhavemoretreesinourparksandsquares.Weshouldalsopaintourroofswhite.Ifwedothis,theydonotbeesohot.Everyroofinahotandsunnycountryshouldhavesolarroofpanels.Theelectricityfromthesecanbeusedtoruntheairconditionersinthebuildings.Peoplecontinuetocutdownforestsaroundthecities.Thismakestheproblemworse.Citiesaregrowingfasterandfaster.Bytheyear2025,fourfifthsofthepopulationwillbelivingincities.Ifwegoonlikethis,therewillnotbeenoughfarmlandtofeedeveryoneintheworld1:WhatisNOTthereasonthatmakescitieshotter?A．TherearelotsofstormsB．PeopleneedmorehousingC．MorecarsareboughtD．Citycentershavemoreroads2:Whichisonewaytomakethecitycooler?