2024年全國碩士研究生招生考試《英語二》全真模擬卷一

2024年全國碩士研究生招生考試《英語二》全真模擬卷一材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答1-20題ofallthesubstancespeopleintoxicatethemselveswith,al（江南博哥）coholistheleastrestrictedandcausesthemostharm.Manyillegaldrugsaremoredangeroustothosewhousethem,butarerelatively1toobtain,whichlimitstheir2.3,alcoholisomnipresent,sofarmorepeoplesuffer4itsadverseeffects.NoWesterncountryhas5alcoholsinceAmericaabolishedProhibitionin1933.Itispopularandeasytoproduce.Makingitillegalenrichescriminalsandstartsturfwars.In-recentyearsgovernmentshavebegun6otherdrugs.7,tolimittheharmcausedbyalcohol,stateshavetriedtodiscouragepeoplefromdrinking,usingtaxes,awarenesscampaignsand8onwhere,whenandtowhomalcoholis9.Thealcoholindustryhaspitcheditselfaspartofthe10.InBritainmorethan100producersandretailershave11a"responsibilitydeal"andpromisedto"helppeopletodrinkwithinguidelines",mostlybybuyingadspromotingmoderation.However,ifthesecampaignswere12,theywouldruintheirsponsors'finances.AccordingtoresearchersfromtheInstituteofAlcoholStudies,athink-tank,andtheUniversityofSheffield,sometwo-fifthsofalcohol13inBritainisinexcessoftherecommendedweeklymaximumof14units(aboutoneglassofwineperday).Industryexecutivessaytheywantthepublicto"drinkless,butdrinkbetter",meaningfewer,fancierliquor.Butpeoplewouldneedtopay22-98%moreperdrinkto14therevenuelossthatsuchasteepdropinconsumptionwouldcause.Health15havetakennoteofsucharithmetic.SomenowwonderifLiquorGiantis16initseffortsto17alcoholabuse.In2018America'sNationalInstitutesofHealthstoppeda$100mstudyof18drinking,whichwaspartlyfundedbyalcoholfirms,19itsdesignwasbiasedintheirproducts'favour.AndthisyeartheWorldHealthorganizationandEngland'spublic-healthauthoritybannedtheirstafffromworkingwiththeindustry.Producersarereadytofend20regulators.In1999alcoholfirmsinvestedhalfasmuchonlobbyinginAmericaastobaccofirmsdid.Todaytheyspend31%more.查看材料1.【完形填空】第1題答案是A.hardB.severeC.easyD.likely正確答案：A參考解析：翻譯：各類違禁藥物對其使用者來說更加危險，但由于相對_____獲得，本段首句是主旨句，提到alcoholistheleastrestrictedandcausesthemostharm(酒精受到的限制最少，造成的危害卻最大)，空格處的主語為違禁藥品，移栽與酒精進行對比，證明酒精危害比違禁藥品大。雖然違禁藥品更危險，但是危害不如酒精大，因為違禁藥品的獲取難度大。A正確。查看材料2.【完形填空】第2題答案是A.incidenceB.impactC.inferenceD.issue正確答案：B參考解析：翻譯：各類違禁藥品對其使用者來說更危險，但由于相對較難獲取，其限制它的_____.

結(jié)合前后句邏輯關(guān)系，由于違禁藥品難以獲得，因此其危害或者不良影響受到限制。B正確。查看材料3.【完形填空】第3題答案是A.InreturnB.IneffectC.InvainD.Incontrast正確答案：D參考解析：第一段是酒與違禁物品的對比，違禁藥品更加危險，但是較難獲取，酒無處不在，所以更多人收到了不良影響。兩者進行了一個對比、比較。Incontrast“相比之下”有對比之意，故為正確選項。查看材料4.【完形填空】第4題答案是A.byB.intoC.fromD.over正確答案：C參考解析：翻譯：相比之下，酒精無處不在，目前，受其不良作用影響的人也就更多。這個題是固定搭配。suffer....from意為“遭受”。C正確。查看材料5.【完形填空】第5題答案是A.bannedB.fundedC.grantedD.allowed正確答案：A參考解析：翻譯：自1933年美國廢除禁酒令以來，沒有一個西方國家______酒.通過AmericaabolishProhubition可知，應(yīng)該是沒有哪一個西方國家禁止酒，banned(禁止)符合句意。查看材料6.【完形填空】第6題答案是A.legalizingB.allocatingC.restrictingD.checking正確答案：A參考解析：翻譯：近年來，各國政府已開始將其他藥物_____.上一句Makingitillegalenrichescriminalsandstartsturfwars，所以今年來，應(yīng)該是使其合法。A正確。查看材料7.【完形填空】第7題答案是A.MoreoverB.ThereforeC.InsteadD.Otherwise正確答案：C參考解析：該句空格處需要填寫一個邏輯副詞，來體現(xiàn)該句與上句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，上一句是各國政府已經(jīng)開始將其他藥物合法化，后一句是為了減少酒精帶來的危害，所以應(yīng)該是轉(zhuǎn)折的instead。C正確。查看材料8.【完形填空】第8題答案是A.subjectsB.limitsC.consequencesD.strategies正確答案：B參考解析：為了減少酒精帶來的危害，各國試圖勸人們不要喝酒推知，各國對于酒精的限制是比較嚴格的。四個選項中只有選項limits(限制)符合句意，故為正確選項。查看材料9.【完形填空】第9題答案是A.boughtB.neededC.purchasedD.sold正確答案：D參考解析：翻譯：為了減少酒精帶來的危害，各國試圖通過征稅、開展宣傳活動以及限制酒的_____地點、時間和銷售對象來勸人們不要喝酒.

上下文可推知，各國限制了購買酒精的條件。特別需要注意的是towhomalcoholis

中的被動語態(tài)以及定語從句。

sold(銷售)可構(gòu)成搭配sellsth．tosb．(將某物賣給某人)符合句意。查看材料10.【完形填空】第10題答案是A.causeB.studyC.solutionD.qualification正確答案：C參考解析：翻譯：酒業(yè)將自身定位為_____的一部分.后面描述了英國生產(chǎn)商和零售商的一些舉措來告誡公眾適度飲酒，可知酒業(yè)積極參與到政府推行的勸人們不要喝酒的一系列行動中。四個選項中只有選項solution(解決方案)符合句意。查看材料11.【完形填空】第11題答案是A.releasedB.noticedC.keptD.signed正確答案：D參考解析：翻譯：在英國，一百多家生產(chǎn)商和零售商____了一份“責(zé)任書”，承諾“幫助人們按照指導(dǎo)方針飲酒.酒業(yè)將自身定位為解決方案的一部分可推知酒精的生產(chǎn)商和零售商著手解決問題，同意履行責(zé)任與義務(wù)。Dsigned與責(zé)任書搭配、D正確。查看材料12.【完形填空】第12題答案是A.effectiveB.riskyC.idleD.familiar正確答案：A參考解析：翻譯：然而，如果這些活動真的_____的話，它們會損害廣告贊助商的收入.一百多家零售商承諾幫助人們按指導(dǎo)方針飲酒，這個活動跟贊助商的收入受損害是因果關(guān)系，如果贊助商的收人受到損害，那么就說明人們對酒的購買力下降，即適度飲酒的宣傳產(chǎn)生了效果。A正確。查看材料13.【完形填空】第13題答案是A.hadB.consumedC.usedD.provided正確答案：B參考解析：翻譯：在英國，約有五分之二的飲酒人的_____超出了每周建議飲酒量的上限，即14個單位(大約每天一杯酒).空格填寫動詞，表明五分之二的人每天喝了超過一杯酒。consumed(消耗)符合句意。查看材料14.【完形填空】第14題答案是A.makeupforB.makeforC.makefromD.makeoff正確答案：A參考解析：翻譯：但是，人們需要為每一杯酒多支付22％到98％的錢，以_____急劇下降的消費總額所造成的收入損失.前一段酒業(yè)高管希望公眾少喝酒，喝好酒，每杯就多出百分之22到98的錢，來彌補消費總額減少帶來的損失。所以A正確。查看材料15.【完形填空】第15題答案是A.advocatesB.criticsC.observersD.officials正確答案：D參考解析：翻譯：衛(wèi)生______已經(jīng)注意到了這筆帳.此空格需要結(jié)合本段其它句子中的主語解題，語分別是some(一些人)、America'sNationalInstitutesofHealth、WorldHealthOrganization，本段的主體為監(jiān)管民眾衛(wèi)生的相關(guān)機構(gòu)。所以空格處填寫official官員，D正確。查看材料16.【完形填空】第16題答案是A.ambitiousB.sincereC.experiencedD.civilized正確答案：B參考解析：ambitious有野心的、有雄心的sincere真誠的、誠摯的expericence經(jīng)歷、感受civilize教化、使有教養(yǎng)空格處的填空是酒業(yè)大公司對人們不要酗酒的態(tài)度，是不是真的努力了，通過后文可知由于酒業(yè)公司資助的研究偏袒其產(chǎn)品，因此其誠意受到了人們的質(zhì)疑，所以B“真誠的”正確。查看材料17.【完形填空】第17題答案是A.distractB.displayC.distinguishD.discourage正確答案：D參考解析：翻譯：現(xiàn)在，一些人想知道酒業(yè)巨頭是否真的在努力_____人們酗酒.上一段提到，酒業(yè)著手處理酒精所導(dǎo)致的問題，打算通過廣告宣傳等方式幫助人們適度飲酒。同時酒業(yè)高管們說，他們希望公眾“少喝酒，喝好酒”，然后后文又提到了美國研究院停止了一想適度飲酒的研究，因為其設(shè)計偏袒酒業(yè)公司。由此可知，本句要表達的意思是酒業(yè)巨頭是否真的努力阻止人們酗酒。D正確。查看材料18.【完形填空】第18題答案是A.normalB.unusualC.moderateD.extreme正確答案：C參考解析：翻譯：2018年美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院停止了一項耗資1億美元的_____飲酒研究，這一研究部分由酒業(yè)公司資助.上一段曾提到酒業(yè)公司幫助人們按指導(dǎo)方針飲酒的具體做法：bybuyingadspromotingmoderation(通過購買宣傳適度飲酒的廣告)，由此可知，酒業(yè)公司一直致力于讓人們適度飲酒。C正確。查看材料19.【完形填空】第19題答案是A.unlessB.untilC.becauseD.though正確答案：C參考解析：翻譯：2018年美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院停止了一項耗資1億美元的適度飲酒研究，這一研究部分由酒業(yè)公司資助，_____其設(shè)計偏袒這些公司的產(chǎn)品。

空格處填寫連詞表示前后兩句話之間的關(guān)系?！把芯吭和Ｖ褂删茦I(yè)公司資助的研究”與“研究偏袒酒業(yè)公司”是結(jié)果和原因關(guān)系，所以C正確。查看材料20.【完形填空】第20題答案是A.forB.offC.onD.with正確答案：B參考解析：fendoff固定搭配：抵御，符合句意，故為正確選項。材料題根據(jù)下面資料，回答21-25題AfteryearsofmurmuringforchangeinUSeducation,theCOVID-19pandemicisbecomingacatalystforimprovingthesystem.America'seducationaldivideisnowclearlyvisibleforanyonetosee.Discrepanciesinqualityandaccesstoeducationareamajorsourceoftheeconomic,social,andracialinequalitiesthataredrivingsomuchsocialunrest.Whethertheycomefrompoorinner-cityneighborhoodsorthesuburbs,theleast-educatedAmericanshavebeenthehardesthitbythepandemicanditseconomiceffects.Fortunately,economistThomasSowellhasofferedasolution.Inhisnewbook,CharterSchoolsandTheirEnemies,heshowsthatschoolswithmoreautonomyandflexibilitythantraditionalpublicschoolsareclosingtheeducationaldivide,providingsorelyneededchoice,opportunity,andcompetition.Sowell'scarefulanalysisofthedata,whichwasavailablebeforethepandemicstruck,showsthatstudentsinpubliclyfundedbutprivatelyoperatedcharterschoolsscoreremarkablyhigheronstandardizedachievementteststhandothoseintraditionalpublicschools.Butcriticsofcharterschoolswouldlistmanyreasons,butthemainone,Sowelllaments,isthatpublicschoolssimplydonotwantthecompetition.WilltheCOVID-19crisisfinallychangethings?Therearealreadypositivesignsthatithas.Lastmonth,USSecretaryofEducationBetsyDeVosunveiledanew,five-year$85millionscholarshipfundthatwillhelpstudentsfromlower-incomefamiliesinWashington,DCgotoschoolsoftheirchoice.Inanotherpromisingsign,USSenatorsTimScottandLamarAlexanderrecentlyintroducedabilltodirectsomeoftheeducationalrelieffundingtoschool-choiceprograms.Thatmoneywouldenablelower-incomefamiliesthatarehard-pressedbythepandemictosendtheirchildrentoalternativeschools.Butmosttelling,perhaps,isthefactthatmanyfamiliesandindividualsarecomingupwiththeirownsolutions.Considerthesuddenblossomingofpandemiclearning"pods",whereinparentsgettogether,findteachers,andformaclassforkidsintheneighborhood.Ofcourse,learningpodsalreadyhaveenemiesoftheirown,withcriticscomplainingthatthepracticeisunfair,harmfulfortraditionalschools,oravailableonlytothosewhocanaffordtohireteachers.Butthatisallthemorereasontomakehigh-quality,effectiveschoolsmorewidelyaccessible.Stampingoutnewideasisnottheanswer.thestruggleoverpandemic-eraeducationisquicklymovingtostatehouses.InJune,aspartofthenewstatebudget,CalifornialawmakerspassedSenateBill98,whichrestrictsper-studentstatefundingforcharterandpublicschoolsatlastyear'sfundinglevels.Thepointistolimitcharterschoolenrollmentsatatimewhendemandforalternativestotraditionalpublicschoolsissurging.Butwiththosepublicschoolsclosingandresortingtoremoteteaching,studentsfromlower-incomehouseholdswillbetheultimatevictims.Howisthisgoingtoaffecttheeducationofchildren?Onlyifweallfocussquarelyonthisquestion,thepandemic'slong-termimpactoneducationcouldturnouttobehighlybeneficial.查看材料21.【閱讀理解PartA】AccordingtoParagraph1,America'seducationaldivide______A.resultspartlyfromsocialinequalitiesB.iswiderinurbanareasthaninthesuburbsC.wasbarelyvisiblebeforethepandemicD.hascontributedtosocialdisorder正確答案：D參考解析：Discrepanciesinqualityandaccesstoeducationareamajorsourceoftheeconomic,social,andracialinequalitiesthataredrivingsomuchsocialunrest.教育質(zhì)量與可及性的懸殊對經(jīng)濟、社會和種族不平等現(xiàn)象推波助瀾，進而導(dǎo)致如此多的社會動蕩。D正確。查看材料22.【閱讀理解PartA】ThomasSowellbelievesthatcharterschools_____A.shouldbegivengreaterautonomyB.helppromoteeducationalequalityC.willsqueezeoutpublicschoolssoonD.aremoreexam-orientedthanpublicschools正確答案：B參考解析：schoolswithmoreautonomyandflexibilitythantraditionalpublicschoolsareclosingtheeducationaldivide比公立學(xué)校有著更多自主權(quán)和靈活性的學(xué)校正在填補教育鴻溝，Sowell'scarefulanalysisofthedata,whichwasavailablebeforethepandemicstruck,showsthatstudentsinpubliclyfundedbutprivatelyoperatedcharterschoolsscoreremarkablyhigheronstandardizedachievementteststhandothoseintraditionalpublicschools.然后通過數(shù)據(jù)對比，特許學(xué)校的學(xué)生在標準化學(xué)業(yè)考試中取得的成績遠比傳統(tǒng)公立學(xué)校的學(xué)生優(yōu)秀。B正確。查看材料23.【閱讀理解PartA】AccordingtoParagraph3,theCOVID-19crisishaspromptedthegovernmentto_____A.aidunderprivilegedstudentsinschoolchoiceB.expandstudentenrollmentsinpublicschoolsC.improvetheeducationqualityofpublicschoolsD.injectgenerousfundingintotraditionalschools正確答案：A參考解析：USSecretaryofEducationBetsyDeVosunveiledanew,five-year$85millionscholarshipfundthatwillhelpstudentsfromlower-incomefamiliesinWashington,DCgotoschoolsoftheirchoice.Inanotherpromisingsign,USSenatorsTimScottandLamarAlexanderrecentlyintroducedabilltodirectsomeoftheeducationalrelieffundingtoschool-choiceprograms.Thatmoneywouldenablelower-incomefamiliesthatarehard-pressedbythepandemictosendtheirchildrentoalternativeschools.介紹獎學(xué)金?？詈头ò赣靡哉f明：兩者均指向“為低收人家庭學(xué)生提供經(jīng)濟援助，幫助其擇校入學(xué)”，由此可知A正確。查看材料24.【閱讀理解PartA】Thecriticismoflearningpodsismentionedtoshow_______A.itspotentialrisktowidentheeducationaldivideB.thedifficultytopromoteinnovationsineducationC.thenecessityofbroaderaccesstoqualityeducationD.theneedfortougherregulationintheeducationsector正確答案：C參考解析：Butthatisallthemorereasontomakehigh-quality,effectiveschoolsmorewidelyaccessible.有人批評學(xué)習(xí)艙不利于傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校，只適用于富裕家庭，這反而說明了普及高質(zhì)量教育的重要性，教育上的創(chuàng)新不應(yīng)被扼殺。由此可知，作者提及對學(xué)習(xí)艙的批評，是為了強調(diào)大面積普及高質(zhì)量教育的必要，C正確。查看材料25.【閱讀理解PartA】Theauthor'sattitudetowardSenateBill98canbedescribedas________A.supportiveB.tolerantC.disappointedD.ambiguous正確答案：C參考解析：Thepointistolimitcharterschoolenrollmentsatatimewhendemandforalternativestotraditionalpublicschoolsissurging.Butwiththosepublicschoolsclosingandresortingtoremoteteaching,studentsfromlower-incomehouseholdswillbetheultimatevictims.作者是支持高質(zhì)量教學(xué)的，但是州參議院的法案限制了特許學(xué)校招生規(guī)模，并且有可能令低收入家庭學(xué)生(難以進入特許學(xué)校，從而)淪為受害者，由此可知，作者對該法案持負面態(tài)度，C正確。背景材料材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答26-30題Countriesmustcreativelycomplementtheuseoffossilfuelsandrenewableenergyintheinterimpendingwhenrenewableenergycanstandaloneasmajorsourceofenergyglobally.ThiswastheviewoftheChiefExecutiveOfficer,Lekoil,LekanAkinyanmi,whilespeakingontheside-linesoftheWorldEconomicForum'syearlymeetingatDavos.Globally,therehasbeenanincreaseincallsforreductionoffossilfuelconsumptionwhichenvironmentalistshaveindictedforgreenhousegasemission."Itispossibletokeepanoilandgascompanysustainable.Thefirstthingwehavegottodoistostopdenyingthatthereisanissue."Indeed,thereisanissue,Akinyanmisaid."Thechangeoverfromfossilfueltoalternativeenergyorcleanerfuelsisamulti-decadeorprobablymulti-centurything.Thefossilfuelindustrywillstillberelevant.Whatweneedtodoistofigureoutwaystoberesponsibleinthefossilfuelproductionandconsumptionprocess."Historically,alotoffossilfuelcompanieshaveproducedoilandflaredthegas.Butitisactuallythegasthatismoreefficient.It'sfriendliertotheenvironment,soweneedtoshiftourattentionthere.FromourperspectiveasLekoiloneofthethingsthathelpsusisthat,agoodchunkofourportfolioisactuallygassoweareactuallywellonourway.Energyanalystssuggestthattherenewableenergymarketwillgrowatacumulativeaveragegrowthrateof7.6%between2020and2025toreach3,812gigawattsby2025.Risinginvestmentandimprovementintechnologyhasseenadrasticimprovementinrenewableenergyoutput.Between2020and2025,theUnitedStatesandotherdevelopedcountriesarescalingupinvestmentsinrenewableenergy.However,TheAsiaPacificregionisemergingasthefastest-growingmarketforrenewableenergyglobally,accountingfornearly27%oftheglobalmarketshare.WithintheAsiaPacific,ChinaandIndiatogetherformtheleadingrenewableenergymarketshavingalmost75%oftheinstalledcapacityofrenewableenergy.Ithinkwewillmakeourwaythroughthis.Unfortunately,Ithinkthereisalotofbrinkmanship.Weactuallydoneedanenergymixtosolvetheworld'senergyproblems.Intheinterimtherewillbediscontinuities,thependulumwillswingbothways.Butitisshort-sightedtojustignorethefossilfuelindustryandmovetotherenewableenergyindustryorviceversa.Weneedaportfoliothatmixesbothenergysources,"Akinyanmisaid.查看材料26.【閱讀理解PartA】ByreferringtotheviewofLekoil,LekanAkinyanmi,theauthorintendsA.tobringupthetopicoffossilfuelsandrenewableenergyB.toexplainwhyrenewableenergyarebetterthanfossilfuelsC.topayspecialattentiontotheChiefExecutiveofficerD.toemphasizetheimportanceofrenewableenergy正確答案：A參考解析：Countriesmustcreativelycomplementtheuseoffossilfuelsandrenewableenergyintheinterimpendingwhenrenewableenergycanstandaloneasmajorsourceofenergyglobally.在達沃斯世界經(jīng)濟論壇年度會議分會上發(fā)表的觀點，即在可再生能源能夠成為全球主要能源之前，各國必須在過渡期間創(chuàng)造性地補充化石燃料和可再生能源的使用。由此可見引出了thetopicoffossilfuelsandrenewableenergy，A正確。查看材料27.【閱讀理解PartA】WhichthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph2?A.Itispossibletoreplacefossilfuelswithcleanerfuelsnow.B.Fossilfuelsaremoreefficientandenvironmentallyfriendly.C.Environmentalistsholdthatfossilfuelsproducegreenhousegas.D.Theperfectsourceofrenewableenergyhasbeenfound.正確答案：C參考解析：Globally,therehasbeenanincreaseincallsforreductionoffossilfuelconsumptionwhichenvironmentalistshaveindictedforgreenhousegasemission.在其全球范圍內(nèi)，要求減少化石燃料的呼聲越來越高，環(huán)境保護主義者已將其歸咎于溫室氣體排放，也就是說環(huán)保主義者認為化石燃料會產(chǎn)生溫室氣體。C正確。查看材料28.【閱讀理解PartA】ItcanbeseenfromtheavailablestaticsinParagraph3thatA.Indiahasbeenthefastest-growingmarketforrenewableenergygloballyB.thetoptwocountriesleadingtherenewableenergymarketsareinAsiaC.thedevelopedcountrieshavebenefitedmostfromrenewableenergyD.Indiahasrankedthehighestinitsgrowthrateofrenewableenergy正確答案：B參考解析：However,TheAsiaPacificregionisemergingasthefastest-growingmarketforrenewableenergyglobally,accountingfornearly27%oftheglobalmarketshare.WithintheAsiaPacific,ChinaandIndiatogetherformtheleadingrenewableenergymarketshavingalmost75%oftheinstalledcapacityofrenewableenergy.

亞太地區(qū)成為全球增長最快的可再生能源市場，在亞太地區(qū)，中國和印度成了領(lǐng)先的可再生能源市場，所以可再生能源市場上的兩個領(lǐng)先的國家是亞洲的中國和印度，故選項B為正確答案。

查看材料29.【閱讀理解PartA】TheauthorsattitudetowardsenergyindustryisA.optimisticB.sensitiveC.gloomyD.scared正確答案：A參考解析：Ithinkwewillmakeourwaythroughthis作者對于如今能源形勢的態(tài)度，屬于觀點態(tài)度題，從最后一段可知，作者認為雖然目前有各種各樣的狀況，比如邊緣政策等，但是只要我們合理處理兩種能源的關(guān)系，我們會度過能源危機，所以作者對于能源行業(yè)仍然是充滿希望的，是樂觀的，故選項A為正確答案。查看材料30.【閱讀理解PartA】Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A.FossilFuelsMayBetheBestSourceofEnergyGloballyB.WaysofContinuingUsingFossilFuelsAstheMajorSourceofEnergyC.FossilFuels,RenewableEnergyWillContinuetoPlayComplementaryRolesD.FossilfuelsGoingNowhere,RenewableEnergyGoingEverywhere正確答案：C參考解析：文章第一段通過首席執(zhí)行官Akinyanmi的話引出化石燃料和可再生能源這個話題，然后對世界能源問題進行了探討，最后得出了我們解決世界能源問題應(yīng)該采取的方式。目前這個階段，兩種能源還是一種互補關(guān)系，所以我們還需要合理處理好兩種能源之間的關(guān)系，由此可知，選項C為正確答案。材料題根據(jù)以下材料，回答31-35題Forthoseseekingtohelptheworst-offinpoorcountries,themobilephonehasbeenamagicwand.Mobile-moneyaccountshavehelpeddeliver"financialinclusion"—makingfinancialservicesaccessibletothetensofmillionswithaphonebutnobankaccount.Buttheyhavedownsidestoo.Themostobviouswaydigitalfinancialservicesharmpoorpeopleisbylayingthemmoreopentofraud.Researchfrom2016citedinanewreportbytheConsultativeGrouptoAssistthePoor(CGAP),aconsortiumofdonorsaffiliatedtotheWorldBank,foundthatinthePhilippines83%ofpeoplesurveyedhadbeentargetsofmobile-phonescams,with17%losingmoney.InTanzania,27%hadbeentargetedand17%fleeced；inGhana,56%and12%.Forthemostbasicdeceptions,athiefneedsonlyaphonenumber.Atextmessagemightoffercongratulationsonwinningaprize,requiringonlyasmallcontributiontounlockit.Youridentitymightbestolentomakeyouresponsibleforrepayingaloandisbursedtosomebodyelse.Animpersonatormightstealyourmobile-moneyaccountwhenregisteringanewSIMcard.Oryouraccount'ssecuritycode—thepin—mightbeleakedbyamobile-moneyagent.Thepoormaybeespeciallysusceptibletosuchscams.Theyaremorelikelytoberelativelynewbothtotheonlineworldandtoformalfinancialservices.Andtheyarelesslikelytohavesmartphoneswithsophisticatedsecuritysoftware.Itisnotjustmoneythatcanbestolen.Sotoocanalltheotherdatastoredonaphone.Often,however,muchhasalreadybeengivenawayfreelybyitsowners.Many"free"appsareinfactpaidforincustomerdata.Ineverycountrypeoplegailysignawaytheirrightstoprivacybyclickingconsentbuttonswithouthavingunderstoodorevenreadwhattheyareagreeingto.Butsuchdatacanalsobeabused.Analgorithmmight(bydesignoraccident)bebiasedagainstcertainborrowersbecause,say,oftheirraceorcreed.Itisoftenassumedthatthepoorarerelaxedaboutsurrenderingsomeprivacyinreturnforaccesstoborrowingandotherservices.Infact,concernaboutprivacyisnotapreserveoftherich.ResearchinIndiaandKenyahasshownthatevenverypoorborrowerswouldbewillingtopayahigherinterestrate—orjoinamuchslowerqueue—foraloanthatcamewithmoreguaranteesthatthedataprovidedtothelenderwouldbekeptprivate.查看材料31.【閱讀理解PartA】ThemobilephonehasbeenhelpingtheimpoverishedinobtainingA.accessibleservicesB.mobile-moneyaccountsC.theirbankaccountsD.urgentfinancialaids正確答案：B參考解析：Mobile-moneyaccountshavehelpeddeliver"financialinclusion"—makingfinancialservicesaccessibletothetensofmillionswithaphonebutnobankaccount.移動貨幣賬戶幫助提供了“普惠金融”服務(wù)讓數(shù)千萬只有手機但沒有銀行賬戶的人可以使用金融服務(wù)，即手機的功能是讓原本沒有銀行賬戶的人能有一個移動貨幣賬戶作為替代來使用金融服務(wù)。因此B正確。查看材料32.【閱讀理解PartA】Thepooraremorelikelytobetargetedinmobile-phonescamsbecauseofA.thehostilityofthievesandimpersonatorsB.theircreduloustraittodeceptionsC.theirgreedforwinningunexpectedprizesD.theinsecurepaymentenvironment正確答案：D參考解析：Thepoormaybeespeciallysusceptibletosuchscams.Theyaremorelikelytoberelativelynewbothtotheonlineworldandtoformalfinancialservices.Andtheyarelesslikelytohavesmartphoneswithsophisticatedsecuritysoftware.先說明最基本的騙局成本極低，一個電話號碼，注冊新的SIM卡，窮人最可能落入這種騙局，因為他們對于網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界和正規(guī)的金融服務(wù)了解相對太少，同時窮人還缺乏安裝復(fù)雜安全軟件的智能手機，因此更容易受騙，說明窮人由于容易泄露信息的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境、認知環(huán)境和手機軟件這類支付安全性原因才會被當作手機騙局的主要目標，由此可知，選項D為正確答案。查看材料33.【閱讀理解PartA】PeoplehasbeengivingawaythedataontheirphonebyA.signingupformobileappsimprudentlyB.sellingthemforfinancialprofitdeliberatelyC.payingmobileappswiththemknowinglyD.clickingmostconsentbuttonsdiscreetly正確答案：A參考解析：Ineverycountrypeoplegailysignawaytheirrightstoprivacybyclickingconsentbuttonswithouthavingunderstoodorevenreadwhattheyareagreeingto.Butsuchdatacanalsobeabused.在各個國家，人們在沒有理解甚至沒有閱讀他們所同意的內(nèi)容的情況下，通過點擊同意按鈕愉快地放棄他們的隱私權(quán)”，即人們在注冊時非常草率，忽視涉及隱私權(quán)出讓的協(xié)議內(nèi)容，由此可知，選項A為正確答案。查看材料34.【閱讀理解PartA】ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatA.therichputtoomuchconcernaboutprivacyB.privacywillbeeasilyforgonebythepoorC.datasecurityforthepoormaygetimprovedD.higherinterestrateisinevitablefordatasecurity正確答案：C參考解析：Itisoftenassumedthatthepoorarerelaxedaboutsurrenderingsomeprivacyinreturnforaccesstoborrowingandotherservices.Infact,concernaboutprivacyisnotapreserveoftherich.人們認為窮人會為了獲得借貸和其他服務(wù)而輕易放棄自己的隱私，但事實上，窮人也重視數(shù)據(jù)安全和隱私。所以選項C為正確答案。查看材料35.【閱讀理解PartA】Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?A.AvoidableMobile-phoneScamsB.Mobile-phoneThefts--TargetingThePoorC.Mobile-phone,AMagicWandD.TheHiddenCostofMobile-phoneConvenience正確答案：D參考解析：介紹移動貨幣賬戶的優(yōu)勢和劣勢，分析本質(zhì)原因和預(yù)測未來趨勢，圍繞著移動貨幣賬戶的風(fēng)險展開的，從手機詐騙的數(shù)據(jù)泄露，引申到了應(yīng)用軟件對客戶數(shù)據(jù)的窺視，即隱藏在便利性背后的詐騙風(fēng)險和數(shù)據(jù)濫用，D正確答案。背景材料材料題根據(jù)下面資料，回答36-40題AsCongressaimstopassanothercoronavirusreliefpackage,theTrumpadministrationandRepublicansonCapitolHillareinsistingonareductiontotheweeklyfederalunemploymentinsurancebenefit,arguingthattheextra$600aweekthatCongressprovidedforthejoblesshascreatedadisincentiveforpeopletogobacktowork.Theywanttoreducetheboosttoonly$200aweek.It'sanincrediblybadidea,basedondeceptivelogicandstereotypes.Extendingthebenefitat$600isneededtocombatthepersistentlyhighunemploymentrateandtopreventanevenworseeconomiccollapse.Indeed,puttingmoneydirectlyintothepocketsofAmericansisoneofthemostimportantstepsCongresscantaketocontaintheeconomicfalloutfromCOVID-19.ProvidingAmericanswithmoremoneynotonlyhelpstokeepmillionsoffamiliesoutofpovertybutalsoensuresthatpeoplekeepspendingmoney,Whichiscrucialifbusinessesaretostayafloat.Theconcernthatgenerousunemploymentinsurancebenefitsmightdisincentivizeworkmayseemtohaveasuperficiallogic.Afterall,morethantwo-thirdsofAmericanswhoqualifyforunemploymentstandtomakemoremoneythantheydidwhentheyworked.Butthatlineofreasoningisflawed.First,eveniftheweekly$600financialassistanceisextended,workersreceivingthebenefitknowitwilleventuallyexpire.ThereisalreadyevidencethatAmericanshavebeenreturningtoworkinspiteofreceivinganadditional$600eachweekforbeingunemployed：BothMayandJunesawrecord-breakingnumberswithregardtojobsadded,andtheunemploymentratedeclinedduringthatperiod.Second,workerswhofailtolookforworkorturndownjoboffersrisklosingtheirunemploymentbenefit.WhiletheCARESAct—whichcreatedtheweekly$600aidforunemployedworkers—expandedtheacceptablecausesforrefusingtogobacktoworkwhilestillqualifyingforunemploymentbenefits,peoplestillhavetoprovideavalidpublic-healthreasonfornotreturningtowork.That'salsothereasontheunemploymentbenefitisgenerous：Itgivesworkerstheopportunitytostayathomeinordertocontainthespreadofthecoronaviruswithoutcausingtheirhouseholdsextremefinancialstress.Andthird,thereasontheunemploymentnumbersaresohighisbecausetheresimplyaren'tenoughjobstogoaround.ArindrajitDube,aprofessorofeconomics,said,"Inaverydownlabormarket,incentivizingpeopletosearchharderisself-defeating."Isitpossiblethattherewillbeafewcaseswherepeoplechoosenottoreturntoworkbecausetheunemploymentbenefitishigherthantheirwages?Ofcourse.Butthatnumberwillbenegligible."Theserisksaresosmallcomparedtothereallybigrisk,whichisthatallofthesepeoplearegoingtocutbackonspendingwhentheylosethatbenefit,"Dube,said."Andthatisgoingtobeyetanotherunforcederrorinthesetofmanyunforcederrorsthatourgovernmenthasdoneinhandlingthispandemic."查看材料36.【閱讀理解PartA】TheTrumpadministrationisseekingto______A.reduceunemploymentbenefitsB.subsidizehealthinsuranceC.createmorejobsD.cutdownonspending正確答案：A參考解析：theTrumpadministrationandRepublicansonCapitolHillareinsistingonareductiontotheweeklyfederalunemploymentinsurancebenefit第一段描述了特朗普政府想要削減聯(lián)邦保險救濟金，從每周600降到每周200，A是對提案內(nèi)容的概括，正確。查看材料37.【閱讀理解PartA】InordertosurviveCOVID-19,businessesneed_______A.acutinlaborpaymentsB.anincreaseinitsadaptabilityC.generousgovernmentfundingD.sustainedconsumerspending正確答案：D參考解析：ProvidingAmericanswithmoremoneynotonlyhelpstokeepmillionsoffamiliesoutofpovertybutalsoensuresthatpeoplekeepspendingmoney,Whichiscrucialifbusinessesaretostayafloat.末句指出這樣做的好處：不僅可以防止數(shù)百萬家庭因疫情而陷入貧困，也可以保證人們持續(xù)消費，這對于企業(yè)渡過難關(guān)至關(guān)重要。由此可知D正確。查看材料38.【閱讀理解PartA】Theconcernoverunemploymentbenefitsisbasedonthefactthat_______A.theireligibilitycriteriaaretoogenerousB.theyexceedpaychecksformanyrecipientsC.theylastarelativelylongperiodoftimeD.morepeoplethaneverareclaimingthem正確答案：B參考解析：Theconcernthatgenerousunemploymentinsurancebenefitsmightdisincentivizeworkmayseemtohaveasuperficiallogic.Afterall,morethantwo-thirdsofAmericanswhoqualifyforunemploymentstandtomakemoremoneythantheydidwhentheyworked.Butthatlineofreasoningisflawed.對失業(yè)救濟金的擔憂，是超過三分之二的符合失業(yè)標準的美國民眾，救濟金可能比他們平時工作時拿到的還要多，B正確。查看材料39.【閱讀理解PartA】TheCARESActispartlyintendedto______A.ensureeveryone'srighttoworkB.giveworkersmorejobopportunitiesC.expandaccesstopublichealthinformationoncoronavirusD.encou