內(nèi)蒙古包頭市2025屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末考試教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)試題含解析

PAGE24-內(nèi)蒙古包頭市2025屆高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末考試教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)試題（含解析）留意事項(xiàng)：1.本試卷分筆試和聽(tīng)力兩部分。考生先作答筆試部分（21小題起先），然后作答聽(tīng)力部分（1—20小題）。答卷前，務(wù)必將自己的姓名、座位號(hào)寫(xiě)在答題卡上。將條形碼粘貼在規(guī)定區(qū)域。本試卷滿分150分。2.考生將筆試部分答案寫(xiě)在英語(yǔ)筆試答題卡上（大卡），聽(tīng)力部分答案寫(xiě)在英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力答題卡上（小卡）。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。一、閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheTangDynasty,whichlastedfrom618to907AD,isoftenconsideredasChina’sgoldenage.IndeedChinesecultureflourishedundertheTang,andTangpoetsareperhapsthebestknownofallChineseliteraryfigures.ThefollowingarefourschoolsofTangpoetry.Takealook.FrontierFortressPoetry(邊塞詩(shī))GaoShiCenShenandWangChanglingarerepresentativesofthispoetry.Itmainlydescribesthehardshipofthebattlefield,heroicspiritofdefendingthehomeland,orhomesicknessofsoldiers.RepresentativeworksincludeOvertheBorcferbyWangChangling,SongofWriteSnowonSecretaryWu’sReturntoCapitalbyCenShen,etc.LandscapePastoralPoetryTherepresentativesofthisschoolareWangWeiandMengHaoran.Manyofitsthemesaremountains,cloudsandhermits(隱士).Itsstyleissimpleandelegant.TherepresentativeworksincludeThinkingofMyBrothersonMountainClimbingDaybyWangWei,SpringMorningbyMengandsoon.RomanticPoetryLiBaiisatypicalrepresentativeofromanticpoetry,whoenjoysthetitleof“GeniusofPoetry”.Toexpresshisdesireforfreedomandpersonalvalue,hispoetryisfreeandbold,withcreativeimagination.OneofhismostfamouspoemsisATranquilNight,whichisabouthomesickness,includedinmanyschooltextbooks.RealisticPoetryDuFuisknownasthe“SageofPoetry”.Hispoemsareinarealisticartstylewithstrongfeelingsofcompassionandconcernforthedestiny(命運(yùn))ofthecountry.Hisworks“ThreeOfficials”and“ThreeFarewells”bothreflectpeople’ssufferingsatthattime.1.WhoisoneoftherepresentativesofFrontierFortressPoetry?A.WangWei. B.CenShen.C.LiBai. D.DuFu.2.Whichpoemiswrittenbyaromanticpoet?A.SpringMorning.B.OvertheBorder.C.ATranquilNight.D.ThinkingofMyBrothersonMountainClimbingDay.3.Accordingtothepassage,whichstatementisright?A.MengHaoranistherepresentativeofRomanticPoetry.B.TheTangDynastylastedfrom608to917AD.C.LiBaiisknownasthe“SageofPoetry”.D.“ThreeFarewells”reflectspeople’ssufferingsintheTangDynasty.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了唐詩(shī)的四個(gè)流派?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)FrontierFortressPoetry(邊塞詩(shī))中GaoShi,CenShenandWangChanglingarerepresentativesofthispoetry.“高師、岑參、王長(zhǎng)嶺是這一詩(shī)派的代表人物。”由此可知，CenShen是邊塞詩(shī)的代表人物之一。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)RomanticPoetry中OneofhismostfamouspoemsisATranquilNight,whichisabouthomesickness,includedinmanyschooltextbooks.“他最聞名的一首詩(shī)是《安靜的夜晚》，這是一首關(guān)于思鄉(xiāng)的詩(shī)，很多學(xué)校的教科書(shū)里都有?！庇纱丝芍?，ATranquilNight這首詩(shī)是浪漫主義詩(shī)人寫(xiě)的。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)RealisticPoetry中的Hisworks“ThreeOfficials”and“ThreeFarewells”bothreflectpeople’ssufferingsatthattime.他的作品“ThreeOfficials”和“ThreeFarewells”都反映了當(dāng)時(shí)人民的苦難。由此可知，“ThreeFarewells”反映了唐代人民的苦難。故選D?！军c(diǎn)睛】在細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)考查題中有一類事實(shí)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題。該題屬于細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)類型的閱讀理解題，一般只針對(duì)某個(gè)特定的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，題型可以多種多樣。此類題型一般分兩種。第一種是干脆理解題，在原文中可以干脆找到答案。其次種是詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題，正確選項(xiàng)是原文有關(guān)詞語(yǔ)和句子的轉(zhuǎn)換。做此類試題確定要抓住事務(wù)發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、發(fā)展過(guò)程和結(jié)局等環(huán)節(jié)，所選答案確定要符合原文，切不行望文生義。本題第3小題，依據(jù)RealisticPoetry中的Hisworks“ThreeOfficials”and“ThreeFarewells”bothreflectpeople’ssufferingsatthattime.他的作品“ThreeOfficials”和“ThreeFarewells”都反映了當(dāng)時(shí)人民的苦難。由此可知，“ThreeFarewells”反映了唐代人民的苦難。故選D。BVeryearlyoninmysenioryearofhighschool,myparentscarriedtheflameofworryingaboutmyfuturecollege.Iwaswillingtogotoa2-yearcollegebeforegoingaftermybachelor,sdegree.Thiswasfortworeasons—tohelpthemsavemoneyandtomakesureImajorinEnglish.However,theyinsistedIattenda4-yearcollegerightoffthebat.Iwaspushedtostartsearchingforcollegestherefore,onesthatmyparentsapprovedofandthatwerewithintherangeoftuitionthatmymomthoughtwasacceptable.Iwasalsolimitedtotheimmediateareas,whichonlyincludedNewYork,Connecticut,Pennsylvania,andNewJersey,soIcannotapplyforanycollegesinoneofmyfavoriteplaces—NewHampshire.I’llbehonest.Itgotabittenseattimeswithseveraldifferentopinionsbetweenmyparentsandme,andwithotherfamilymembersorfriendsvoicingtheirthoughtstomyparents.Intheend,Iendedupapplyingforthreeschools—SUNYAlbany,SUNYNewPaltzandKutztownUniversityinPennsylvania.IhadbeentoNewPaltzquiteoftenasitwasonly45minutesawayfromourhome.AndKutztownislocatedinanareaourfamilyoftenvisited.Iwasacceptedbyallthree,andIquicklygaveupAlbany.Iwasnotimpressedwiththecityandwasn’tfamiliarwiththearea.ItwasbetweenNewPaltzandKutztown.Afterafewweeks,IendedupsettlingonNewPaltzbecauseKutztownjustdidn’t“feelright”forme.WhenIwasoncampus,Ihadafeelingthatthiswasit.Lookingbacknow,IwishIhadknownmoreabouttheapplicationprocessandhadalittlemorefreedomofchoiceaboutwhichcollegeIcouldapplyfor.IprobablywouldstillhaveattendedSUNYNewPaltz.4.Whatdidtheauthor’sparentsthinkheshoulddo?A.Chooseacollegethatcouldprovidegoodjobs.B.Gotoacommunitycollegetosavemoney.C.Chooseacollegethathelikedbest.D.Gotoa4-yearcollegedirectly.5.Whydidn’ttheauthorchoosecollegesinNewHampshire?A.Hedidntliketheplace.B.Hissituationdidn’tallowit.C.Thelivingexpensesthereweretoohigh.D.Hewasn’tsurewhetherornothewouldfitinthere.6.Howdidtheauthorfeelabouthisfinalchoice?A.Embarrassed. B.Frightened.C.Satisfied. D.Worried.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HowIchosemycollege B.HowtoapplyforacollegeC.Differentchoices,differentfuture D.Themeaningofattendingcollege【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。這篇文章講解并描述作者是如何選擇高校的。【4題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句theyinsistedIattenda4-yearcollegerightoffthebat.“他們一起先就堅(jiān)持要我上四年制的高校。”由此可知，父母讓他干脆上四年制高校。故選D?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段Iwaspushedtostartsearchingforcollegestherefore,onesthatmyparentsapprovedofandthatwerewithintherangeoftuitionthatmymomthoughtwasacceptable.Iwasalsolimitedtotheimmediateareas,whichonlyincludedNewYork,Connecticut,Pennsylvania,andNewJersey,soIcannotapplyforanycollegesinoneofmyfavoriteplaces—NewHampshire.“因此，我被迫起先找尋我父母認(rèn)可的、在我母親認(rèn)為可以接受的學(xué)費(fèi)范圍內(nèi)的高校。我也被限制在旁邊的地區(qū)，只包括紐約、康涅狄格、賓夕法尼亞和新澤西，所以我不能申請(qǐng)我最喜愛(ài)的地方之一——新罕布什爾的任何高校?！庇纱送茢喑觯髡邲](méi)有選擇新罕布什爾的高校是因?yàn)樗臓顩r不允許這樣。故選B?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中Afterafewweeks,IendedupsettlingonNewPaltzbecauseKutztownjustdidn’t“feelright”forme.WhenIwasoncampus,Ihadafeelingthatthiswasit.“幾周后，我最終選擇了新帕爾茨，因?yàn)閹?kù)茨敦對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)“不太合適”。當(dāng)我在學(xué)校的時(shí)候，我有一種就應(yīng)當(dāng)是這樣的感覺(jué)?！庇纱送浦?，者對(duì)他最終的選擇是“感到滿足的”。故選C。【7題詳解】標(biāo)題推斷題。依據(jù)第一段Veryearlyoninmysenioryearofhighschool,myparentscarriedtheflameofworryingaboutmyfuturecollege.Iwaswillingtogotoa2-yearcollegebeforegoingaftermybachelor,sdegree.Thiswasfortworeasons—tohelpthemsavemoneyandtomakesureImajorinEnglish.However,theyinsistedIattenda4-yearcollegerightoffthebat.“早在我高三的時(shí)候，我的父母就對(duì)我將來(lái)的高校生活憂心忡忡。在獲得學(xué)士學(xué)位之前，我想上兩年制的高校。這樣做有兩個(gè)緣由:一是為了幫助他們省錢(qián)，二是為了確保我的專業(yè)是英語(yǔ)。然而，他們堅(jiān)持要我立刻去讀四年制的高校?！币约白罱K一段“Lookingbacknow,IwishIhadknownmoreabouttheapplicationprocessandhadalittlemorefreedomofchoiceaboutwhichcollegeIcouldapplyfor.”現(xiàn)在回想起來(lái)，我希望我對(duì)申請(qǐng)過(guò)程有更多的了解，對(duì)申請(qǐng)哪所高校有更多的自由選擇。由此可知，短文的最佳標(biāo)題誒是“我是如何選擇高校的。”故選A。【點(diǎn)睛】推理推斷題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出確定的推理推斷，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理推斷題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中的某一句話，也可能是某幾句話，所以，推理題的答案只能是依據(jù)原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即對(duì)原文某一句話或某幾句話所作的同義改寫(xiě)或綜合。推理推斷題的題干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,concludeindicate等標(biāo)記性詞語(yǔ)。本題第3小題，依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中Afterafewweeks,IendedupsettlingonNewPaltzbecauseKutztownjustdidn’t“feelright”forme.WhenIwasoncampus,Ihadafeelingthatthiswasit.“幾周后，我最終選擇了新帕爾茨，因?yàn)閹?kù)茨敦對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)“不太合適”。當(dāng)我在學(xué)校的時(shí)候，我有一種就應(yīng)當(dāng)是這樣的感覺(jué)?！庇纱送浦?，者對(duì)他最終的選擇是“感到滿足的”感覺(jué)。故選C。CRecently,themostheatedtopicof“whichistherightbinformygarbage”hassweptChina.ShanghaiisamongChina’sfirstcitiestointroducegarbageclassification(垃圾分類)andalsothecountry’smostseriousinitsperforming.SinceJuly1,2024,Shanghairesidentshavebeenrequiredbylawtosortgarbageintofourdifferentcategories,ortheycouldfacefines.Individuals,includingtourists,canbefined200yuanforfailingtosorttheirwasteproperly,whilecompaniesandinstitutionscanbefinedupto50,000yuan.Thegovernmenthassetuponlineappstohandlesortingquestions,andannouncedguidelinestoaddressthe“one-size-fits-all”method.Thecountryisabouttoinvestover21billionyuanintheconstructionofgarbageprocessingfacilitiestomeetdemands.Nowit’sintroducingartificialintelligenceintoitswastemanagementsystem,bysettinguplittlecamerasinmanysetsofbins.However,noteveryfacecanberecognizedbythesmartdustbinuntilyouregisterforthesystem.Onceregistrationiscomplete,userswillscanaQRcodeonthebin,whichthenopensituptoallowforgarbagedisposal(處理).Now,eachhouseholdgetsonespecialQRcodeforthrowingoutwaste.Here,theintelligentbinsdon’tjustcalculategarbageweight,theyalsohelpresidentsgainrewardsbycollectingpointsthroughthespecialapp.Chinaissteppingintotheageofcompulsorygarbagesortingwithitscitiesrevisinglawsongarbageclassification.ForShanghai,sixtypercentofthecityisexpectedtocarryoutgarbagesortingbytheendof2024,and90percentby2024.Garbagesortingis,withoutdoubt,acostlybutworthwhileendeavor.Itisgoodfortheenvironmentandimportantforthecountry’ssustainabledevelopment(可持續(xù)發(fā)展),andmayfinallyturnouttobeapromisingindustryaswell.8.Whatisthecorrectorderinusingsmartgarbagesortingsystem?①Gainrewards.②Openupthebin③Registerforthesystem.④ScanaQRcodeonthebin.A.③④②① B.④②③①C.③①②④ D.④③②①9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“endeavor”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Effort. B.Fashion.C.Announcement. D.Decision.10.Whatcanweknowfromthetext?A.Theintelligentbinscanonlyshowgarbageweight.B.ResidentshavetosortgarbageintofourdifferentcategoriesinShanghai.C.Ifcompaniesforgettosorttheirwaste,theycanbefined200yuan.D.Touristscanavoidbeingfinedforfailingtosorttheirwastecorrectly.11.Whydoesourcountrypushaheadwithcompulsorygarbagesorting?A.Tobuildagarbagesortingsystem.B.Toincreasetheuseofartificialintelligence.C.Topromotesustainabledevelopmentofenvironment.D.Tosupporttheconstructionofgarbageprocessingfacilities.【答案】8.A9.A10.B11.C【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。最近，最熱門(mén)的話題“哪個(gè)垃圾桶最適合我的垃圾”席卷了中國(guó)。在上海，居民必需把垃圾分成四類。我國(guó)要推行強(qiáng)制垃圾分類是為了促進(jìn)環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段However,noteveryfacecanberecognizedbythesmartdustbinuntilyouregisterforthesystem.Onceregistrationiscomplete,userswillscanaQRcodeonthebin,whichthenopensituptoallowforgarbagedisposal(處理).Now,eachhouseholdgetsonespecialQRcodeforthrowingoutwaste.Here,theintelligentbinsdon’tjustcalculategarbageweight,theyalsohelpresidentsgainrewardsbycollectingpointsthroughthespecialapp.“然而，并不是每一張臉都能被智能垃圾桶識(shí)別，直到你注冊(cè)了這個(gè)系統(tǒng)。注冊(cè)完成后，用戶將掃描垃圾桶上的二維碼，然后打開(kāi)垃圾桶進(jìn)行垃圾處理?，F(xiàn)在，每個(gè)家庭都有一個(gè)特別的二維碼來(lái)扔垃圾。在這里，智能垃圾桶不僅可以計(jì)算垃圾的重量，還可以通過(guò)這款特別的應(yīng)用，幫助居民通過(guò)積分獲得嘉獎(jiǎng)。”由此可知，運(yùn)用智能垃圾分類系統(tǒng)的正確依次是A項(xiàng)③④②①。故選A?！?題詳解】詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)最終一段中ForShanghai,sixtypercentofthecityisexpectedtocarryoutgarbagesortingbytheendof2024,and90percentby2024.在上海，預(yù)料到2024年底，60%的城市將進(jìn)行垃圾分類，到2024年，這一比例將達(dá)到90%。和Itisgoodfortheenvironmentandimportantforthecountry’ssustainabledevelopment(可持續(xù)發(fā)展),andmayfinallyturnouttobeapromisingindustryaswell.“它對(duì)環(huán)境有好處，對(duì)國(guó)家的可持續(xù)發(fā)展也很重要，最終可能會(huì)成為一個(gè)有前途的行業(yè)?！庇纱送浦珿arbagesortingis,withoutdoubt,acostlybutworthwhileendeavor.（毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，垃圾分類是一項(xiàng)成本昂揚(yáng)但值得努力的工作。）中的劃線詞的意思是“努力”。故選A。【10題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中SinceJuly1,2024,Shanghairesidentshavebeenrequiredbylawtosortgarbageintofourdifferentcategories,ortheycouldfacefines.“自2019年7月1日【11題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中Itisgoodfortheenvironmentandimportantforthecountry’ssustainabledevelopment(可持續(xù)發(fā)展),andmayfinallyturnouttobeapromisingindustryaswell.“它對(duì)環(huán)境有好處，對(duì)國(guó)家的可持續(xù)發(fā)展也很重要，最終可能會(huì)成為一個(gè)有前途的行業(yè)?！庇纱送茢喑?，我國(guó)要推行強(qiáng)制垃圾分類是為了促進(jìn)環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。故選C。D(TheNewYorkTimes,Oct.7)The2024NobelPrizeinphysiology(生理學(xué))ormedicinewasjointlyawardedtothreescientists—WilliamG.KaelinJr.,PeterJ.RatcliffeandGreggL.Semenza—fortheirworkonhowcellssenseandadapttooxygenavailability.TheNobelAssemblyannouncedtheprizeattheKarolinskaInstituteinStockholmonMonday.Theirworkestablishedthegeneticmechanisms(機(jī)制)thatallowcellstorespondtochangesinoxygenlevels.Thefindingshaveimplications(啟示)fortreatingavarietyofdiseases.Whydidtheywin?“Oxygenisthelifebloodoflivingorganisms(生物體)”saidDr.GeorgeDaley,deanofHarvardMedicalSchool.“Withoutoxygen,cellscan’tsurvive.”Buttoomuchortoolittleoxygencanbedeadly.Thethreeresearcherstriedtoanswerthisquestion:Howdocellsregulatetheirresponses?Theinvestigatorsuncovereddetailedgeneticresponsestochangingoxygenlevelsthatallowcellsinthebodiesofhumansandotheranimalstosenseandrespondtofluctuations(波動(dòng)),increasinganddecreasinghowmuchoxygentheyreceive.Whyistheworkimportant?Thediscoveriesrevealthecellularmechanismsthatcontrolsuchthingsasadaptationtohighaltitudesandhowcancercellsmanagetohijack(攫取)oxygen.RandallJohnson,amemberoftheNobelAssembly,describedtheworkasa“textbookdiscovery”andsaiditwouldbesomethingstudentswouldstartlearningatthemostbasiclevelsofbiologyeducation.“Thisisabasicaspectofhowacellworks,andIthinkfromthatstandpointaloneit’saveryexcitingthing.”Johnsonsaid.Theresearchalsohasimplicationsfortreatingvariousdiseasesinwhichoxygenisinshortsupply—includinganemia,heartattacksandstrokes—aswellasfortreatmentofcancersthatarefedbyandseekoutoxygen.12.ThisresearchhaswontheNobelPrizemainlybecause____________.A.therewasnoresearchofthiskindinthepastB.oxygenisthelifebloodoflivingthingsC.ithasuncoveredhowcellssenseandrespondtochangesinoxygenlevelsD.variousdiseaseswillbecuredwiththehelpofthefindingsoftheresearch13.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_____________.A.TheNobelPrizewasawardedtoaphysiologistonMondayinSweden.B.Cancercellsmanagetohijackoxygenandneedoxygentodevelop.C.Themoreoxygenthereisinblood,thehealthieralivingbodywillbe.D.Thegeneticmechanismshavebeenfoundthatallowoxygentoadapttocells.14.Whichofthefollowingcanbestexplaintheunderlinedwordinthetext?A.usedfortextbooks B.powerfulandauthoritativeC.typicalasaperfectexample D.basicandclear15.InwhichpartofTheNewYorkTimescanyoufindthisarticle?A.Entertainment B.CultureC.Technology D.Science【答案】12.C13.B14.C15.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要說(shuō)明白2024年諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)聯(lián)合授予了三位科學(xué)家，他們發(fā)覺(jué)了細(xì)胞如何感知并適應(yīng)氧氣變更的含量。這是一項(xiàng)具有開(kāi)創(chuàng)性的發(fā)覺(jué)，為抗擊貧血、癌癥和很多其他疾病的新策略鋪平了道路?！?2題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中…fortheirworkonhowcellssenseandadapttooxygenavailability.（以表彰他們?cè)诩?xì)胞感知和適應(yīng)氧氣供應(yīng)的適應(yīng)性方面所做的工作。）可知這項(xiàng)探討之所以獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，主要是因?yàn)樗沂玖思?xì)胞如何感知和響應(yīng)氧氣水平的變更。故選C。13題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段中Thediscoveriesrevealthecellularmechanismsthatcontrolsuchthingsasadaptationtohighaltitudesandhowcancercellsmanagetohijack(攫取)oxygen.（這些發(fā)覺(jué)揭示了細(xì)胞機(jī)制，這些機(jī)制限制著對(duì)高海拔環(huán)境的適應(yīng)，以及癌細(xì)胞是如何攫取氧氣的。）我們可以從文章中得知癌細(xì)胞設(shè)法攫取氧氣并須要氧氣來(lái)發(fā)育。故選B。【14題詳解】詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)下文itwouldbesomethingstudentswouldstartlearningatthemostbasiclevelsofbiologyeducation它將是學(xué)生在最基礎(chǔ)的生物教化階段就起先學(xué)習(xí)的東西，可知RandallJohnson稱這項(xiàng)探討是很典型的發(fā)覺(jué)，是“教科書(shū)式的發(fā)覺(jué)”。故可知?jiǎng)澗€單詞意思為“典型的”，故選C?！?5題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第一段(TheNewYorkTimes,Oct.7)The2024NobelPrizeinphysiologyormedicinewasjointlyawardedtothreescientists—WilliamG.KaelinJr.,PeterJ.RatcliffeandGreggL.Semenza—fortheirworkonhowcellssenseandadapttooxygenavailability.（(《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》10月7日?qǐng)?bào)道)2024年諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)聯(lián)合授予了三位科學(xué)家——WilliamG.KaelinJr.、PeterJ.Ratcliffe和GreggL.Semenza【點(diǎn)睛】詞義揣測(cè)題是高考閱讀理解中?？碱}型之一，可以大致分為①定義猜詞，可以依據(jù)定義信息和舉例揣測(cè)詞義。如文中常用referto，becalled或that’stosay，suchas等。②邏輯猜詞可以依據(jù)同義詞、反義詞、因果關(guān)系詞等揣測(cè)詞義，例如，similarly,thesameas,but,however,while,ontheotherhand,since,because等，所猜詞與這些提示詞前/后面部分的含義一樣、相反或是前因后果。③語(yǔ)法猜詞，可以依據(jù)構(gòu)詞法，再結(jié)合上下文進(jìn)行猜詞。④語(yǔ)境猜詞，揣測(cè)詞義離不開(kāi)上下文的語(yǔ)境，通過(guò)上下文供應(yīng)的情景和線索進(jìn)行合理的分析，同時(shí)還要關(guān)注其所在的整段及整篇文章。⑤指代猜詞即找出人稱代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞等所指代的內(nèi)容，做題時(shí)要留意指代詞的位置，以便于推斷，然后用所找的指代內(nèi)容替換劃線代詞，核實(shí)其邏輯、意義、位置等是否一樣，最終比較所找部分與選項(xiàng)，確定意思最接近的選項(xiàng)。如第三小題，依據(jù)下文itwouldbesomethingstudentswouldstartlearningatthemostbasiclevelsofbiologyeducation它將是學(xué)生在最基礎(chǔ)的生物教化階段就起先學(xué)習(xí)的東西，可知RandallJohnson稱這項(xiàng)探討是很典型的發(fā)覺(jué)，是“教科書(shū)式的發(fā)覺(jué)”。故可知?jiǎng)澗€單詞意思為“典型的”，故選C。其次節(jié)：（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whetheryouvolunteeratananimalshelterorinahospital,volunteeringisawonderfulopportunitytobringgoodintotheworldandsupportyourcommunity.Therearealotofdifferentvolunteeropportunities.____16____Herearesometipsonhowtobeanevenbettervolunteer.Volunteerforsomethingyoulove.____17____Ifyourpassionishelpingthosewithcancer,volunteertoraisemoneyforresearch.Ifyou’repassionateaboutimprovingtheenvironment,volunteertopickuptrashinpublicplaces.Yourpassionwillkeepyoumotivated,soputyoureffortintosomethingyoutreasure.____18____Youareprobablynotbestsuitedfordirectingtrafficifyouareshy.Berespectfultothoseorganizers,butletthemknowyourstrengthsandshowthemhowyourstrengthscanbebeneficialinyourvolunteerwork.Findthebalancethatbringsyourtalentstothetableandreallyhelpstheorganization.Beontime.Thisisasimplebutimportantidea.Thinkaboutbeinglateforyourwork;yourboss,coworkersandcustomerswouldbeupset.Thesameappliestovolunteering.____19____Mixyourvolunteerjobs.Ifyoubecomebored,itmaybetimeforaschedulechangeinyourlife.____20____Itisvolunteering,soyouaren’tstuckinoneplace.A.Offerwhatyoucandobest.B.Askwhat’sexpectedofvolunteers.C.Soifsuchathingdoeshappen,justcallandletthemknow.D.Itdoesn’tmatterwhatitis,butitdoesmatterwhatyoulike.E.Therefore,everyonecanfindavolunteeringopportunitythatsuitstheirskillsandinterests.F.However,youwillvolunteerlongerinanorganizationthatsupportsacauseyoucareabout.G.Volunteerondifferentdaysoraskfordifferenttaskstoseewhatotheropportunitiesareoutthere.【答案】16.E17.D18.A19.C20.G【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹一些如何成為更好的志愿者的建議。【16題詳解】依據(jù)上文提示“有很多不同的志愿者機(jī)會(huì)。”再依據(jù)下文提示“這里有一些如何成為更好的志愿者的建議?！背薪由舷挛?，E項(xiàng)Therefore,everyonecanfindavolunteeringopportunitythatsuitstheirskillsandinterests.（因此，每個(gè)人都可以找到一個(gè)適合自己技能和愛(ài)好的志愿者機(jī)會(huì)。）切題。故選E。【17題詳解】依據(jù)上文提示“自愿做你喜愛(ài)的事情。”承接上文，D項(xiàng)Itdoesn’tmatterwhatitis,butitdoesmatterwhatyoulike.（是什么并不重要，重要的是你喜愛(ài)什么。）切題。故選D。【18題詳解】依據(jù)下文提示“假如你羞澀，你可能不太適合指揮交通。要敬重這些組織者，但也要讓他們知道你的特長(zhǎng)，并向他們展示你的特長(zhǎng)在志愿者工作中的好處。找到一種平衡，既能發(fā)揮你的才能，又能真正幫助公司?！背薪酉挛?，A項(xiàng)Offerwhatyoucandobest.（供應(yīng)你能做到最好的。）【19題詳解】依據(jù)上文提示“想想看，你上班遲到了;你的老板、同事和客戶會(huì)不興奮。這同樣適用于志愿活動(dòng)。”承接上文，C項(xiàng)Soifsuchathingdoeshappen,justcallandletthemknow.（所以假如真的發(fā)生了這樣的事情，打電話讓他們知道就好了。）切題。故選C?！?0題詳解】依據(jù)上文提示“假如你覺(jué)得無(wú)聊了，可能是時(shí)候變更一下你的生活了。”再依據(jù)下文提示“這是志愿者活動(dòng)，所以你不會(huì)被困在一個(gè)地方?！背薪由舷挛模珿項(xiàng)Volunteerondifferentdaysoraskfordifferenttaskstoseewhatotheropportunitiesareoutthere.（在不同的日子做志愿者，或者要求完成不同的任務(wù)，看看還有什么其他的機(jī)會(huì)。）切題。故選G。二、語(yǔ)言學(xué)問(wèn)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)：完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A，B，C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Abeautifulindoorpottedplanthasbeenwithusforalongtime.Ithas____21____usthroughtoughyearsandgoodtimes.SomedaysIthoughtitmightliveforever,butit____22____.Theplantdidwellforabouttwentyyears,butthenbeganto____23____.Wewateredit.Wefedit.We____24____talkedtoit.Butleavesandbranchesbecamelowereachday.Wefinallypickedafewhalf-deadbranchesand____25____theminasmallpot.Onenewsmallplantgrewstrongandhealthy.Butthe____26____finallydied.Whenwe____27____itout,wecouldseewhyits____28____hadgrownsomassive(大量的；巨大的)thattheythreatenedto____29____thesidesofthepotthatheldthemin.People,too,often_____30_____theyhaveoutgrowntheirenvironment,whentheyarecommittedtopersonalgrowthanddevelopmentandwhentheymakethekindsof_____31_____intheirlivesthatleadtogreaterachievementandhappiness.Iknowofamanwhowasofferedajobatasalary_____32_____thanhehadevermadeinhislife.Butaftercareful_____33_____,herefusedtheposition.Hiswould-beemployerwasamazedthathe_____34_____theoffer.“What’sthematter?”heasked.“Isn’tthesalarybigenough?”“Thesalaryisfine,”themansaid.“It’sthejobthat,snotbigenough.”Atonetimehecouldhave_____35_____donetheworkandenjoyedthemoney.Butheknewthejobwouldnot_____36_____himandheldeventuallybecome_____37_____.Hehadoutgrownthejobthatwasoffered.Personaldevelopmentneedsachanging_____38_____inwhichtolive.Peopleseekbiggerchallenges.Theirviews_____39_____.Theirinterestschange.Andtheyneedpeopleintheirliveswhowillmakeroomfortheir_____40_____.21.A.directed B.accompanied C.followed D.disappointed22.A.died B.survived C.improved D.developed23.A.fold B.fade C.spread D.delay24.A.even B.just C.only D.never25.A.removed B.destroyed C.planted D.studied26.A.similar B.familiar C.precious D.original27.A.carried B.gave C.dug D.handed28.A.leaves B.branches C.skins D.roots29.A.move B.burst C.roll D.jump30.A.predict B.complain C.discover D.understand31.A.changes B.efforts C.mistakes D.comments32.A.slower B.faster C.lower D.higher33.A.imagination B.consideration C.discussion D.persuasion34.A.putforward B.triedout C.turneddown D.heldback35.A.silently B.secretly C.cautiously D.happily36.A.challenge B.entertain C.embarrass D.frighten37.A.dissatisfied B.disturbed C.dishonest D.disrespectful38.A.background B.environment C.method D.atmosphere39.A.disappear B.explode C.expand D.gather40.A.interest B.fortune C.health D.growth【答案】21.B22.A23.B24.A25.C26.D27.C28.D29.B30.C31.A32.D33.B34.C35.D36.A37.A38.B39.C40.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過(guò)盆栽的故事，啟迪人們“個(gè)人發(fā)展須要一個(gè)不斷變更的生活環(huán)境?！比藗円步?jīng)常發(fā)覺(jué)，當(dāng)他們致力于個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)和發(fā)展時(shí)，當(dāng)他們?cè)谏钪凶龀龈鞣N變更以獲得更大的成就和更大的華蜜時(shí)，他們已經(jīng)超越了他們所處的環(huán)境?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：它陪伴我們度過(guò)了艱難的歲月和美妙的時(shí)間。A.directed指導(dǎo)；B.accompanied陪伴；C.followed跟隨；D.disappointed使悲觀。依據(jù)第1空后的throughtoughyearsandgoodtimes可知，漂亮的室內(nèi)盆栽陪伴我們。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：有時(shí)我以為它會(huì)恒久活著，但它死了。A.died死亡；B.survived幸存；C.improved提高；D.developed發(fā)展。依據(jù)第2空前的Ithoughtitmightliveforever和but可知，室內(nèi)盆栽“死了”。故選A。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這種植物生長(zhǎng)得很好，大約有20年了，但后來(lái)起先凋謝。A.fold折疊；B.fade凋謝，褪色；C.spread傳播；D.delay拖延。依據(jù)第2空后的SomedaysIthoughtitmightliveforever,butitdied.可知，此處指花在死之前起先“凋謝”。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我們甚至和它交談過(guò)。A.even甚至；B.just只是；C.only僅僅；D.never從來(lái)沒(méi)有。依據(jù)第4空后的talkedtoit可知，“甚至”和盆栽談話。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我們最終摘了幾根半死的樹(shù)枝，把它們種植到一個(gè)小花盆里。A.removed去掉，轉(zhuǎn)移；B.destroyed破壞，摧毀；C.planted種植；D.studied學(xué)習(xí)。依據(jù)第5空前后的pickedafewhalf-deadbranches和theminasmallpot可知，把樹(shù)枝“種植”在花盆里。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但原來(lái)的最終還是死了。A.similar相像的；B.familiar熟識(shí)的；C.precious寶貴的；D.original原始的，新奇的。依據(jù)第1句Abeautifulindoorpottedplanthasbeenwithusforalongtime和finallydied可知，“原來(lái)要死的盆栽”植物死了。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們把它挖出來(lái)的時(shí)候，我們可以看到為什么它的根長(zhǎng)得如此之大，以至于它們幾乎要把把它們夾在里面的花盆的邊緣都撐破了。A.carried搬運(yùn)；B.gave給；C.dug挖；D.handed遞給。依據(jù)下文wecouldseewhyits8hadgrownsomassive(大量的；巨大的)thattheythreatenedto9thesidesofthepotthatheldthemin.此處指把死的植物“挖出來(lái)”，故選C。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們把它挖出來(lái)的時(shí)候，我們可以看到為什么它的根長(zhǎng)得如此之大，以至于它們幾乎要把支撐著它們的花盆邊緣都撐破了。A.leaves樹(shù)葉；B.branches分支；C.skins皮膚；D.roots根。依據(jù)第8空后的grownsomassive以及常識(shí)可知，挖出來(lái)的確定是植物的根。所以這里指植物的“根”是如此的大。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們把它挖出來(lái)的時(shí)候，我們可以看到為什么它的根長(zhǎng)得如此之大，以至于它們幾乎要把支撐著它們的花盆邊緣都撐破了。A.move移動(dòng)；B.burst爆裂；C.roll滾動(dòng)；D.jump跳動(dòng)。依據(jù)第9空前的grownsomassive(大量的；巨大的)thattheythreatened可知，根把花盆的邊“撐破”。故選B。【30題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：人們也經(jīng)常發(fā)覺(jué)，當(dāng)他們致力于個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)和發(fā)展時(shí)，當(dāng)他們?cè)谏钪凶龀龈鞣N變更以獲得更大的成就和更大的華蜜時(shí)，他們已經(jīng)超越了他們所處的環(huán)境。A.predict預(yù)料；B.complain埋怨；C.discover發(fā)覺(jué)；D.understand明白，理解。依據(jù)第10空后的theyhaveoutgrowntheirenvironment可知，這是指人們的“發(fā)覺(jué)”。故選C。31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：人們也經(jīng)常發(fā)覺(jué)，當(dāng)他們致力于個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)和發(fā)展時(shí)，當(dāng)他們?cè)谏钪凶龀龈鞣N變更以獲得更大的成就和更大的華蜜時(shí)，他們已經(jīng)超越了他們所處的環(huán)境。A.changes變更；B.efforts努力；C.mistakes錯(cuò)誤；D.comments評(píng)論。依據(jù)下文Personaldevelopmentneedsachanging此處指各種“變更”。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我相識(shí)一個(gè)人，他得到了一份薪水比他一生中所得到的都要高的工作。A.slower更慢的；B.faster更快的；C.lower更低的；D.higher更高的。依據(jù)第14空后的“Isn’tthesalarybigenough?”可知，此處指薪水“高的”工作。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是經(jīng)過(guò)細(xì)致考慮，他拒絕了這個(gè)職位。A.imagination想象；B.consideration考慮；C.discussion談?wù)?；D.persuasion勸服。依據(jù)第13空前后的內(nèi)容careful和herefusedtheposition可知，經(jīng)過(guò)細(xì)致“考慮”拒絕了這個(gè)職位。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。句意：他的潛在雇主對(duì)他拒絕這份工作感到驚異。A.putforward提出；B.triedout嘗試；C.turneddown拒絕，調(diào)低；D.heldback抑制，隱瞞。依據(jù)上文herefusedtheposition可知，潛在雇主對(duì)“拒絕”感到驚異。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他曾經(jīng)可以開(kāi)心地工作，享受這筆錢(qián)。A.silently緘默地；B.secretly隱私地；C.cautiously謹(jǐn)慎地；D.happily興奮地。依據(jù)第15空后的donetheworkandenjoyedthemoney可知，此處指“興奮地”工作。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但他知道這份工作不會(huì)對(duì)他構(gòu)成挑戰(zhàn)，所以他最終變得不滿足。A.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；B.entertain消遣；C.embarrass使尷尬；D.frighten使膽怯 。此處指工作對(duì)他不構(gòu)成“挑戰(zhàn)”。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但他知道這份工作不會(huì)對(duì)他構(gòu)成挑戰(zhàn)，所以他最終變得不滿足。A.dissatisfied不滿足的；B.disturbed擾亂的；C.dishonest不誠(chéng)懇的；D.disrespectful無(wú)禮的。依據(jù)前文可知，他知道這份工作不會(huì)對(duì)他構(gòu)成挑戰(zhàn)，所以最終他對(duì)這份工作“不滿足”。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：個(gè)人發(fā)展須要一個(gè)不斷變更的生活環(huán)境。A.background背景；B.environment環(huán)境；C.method方法；D.atmosphere氣氛。依據(jù)上文theyhaveoutgrowntheirenvironment.可知，此處指生活“環(huán)境”。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們的視野開(kāi)闊了。A.disappear消逝；B.explode爆炸；C.expand擴(kuò)張；D.gather聚集。依據(jù)前文可知，個(gè)人發(fā)展須要一個(gè)不斷變更的生活環(huán)境，所以他們的視野開(kāi)闊了。故選C?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們的生活中須要有人為他們的成長(zhǎng)騰出空間。A.interest愛(ài)好；B.fortune運(yùn)氣；C.health健康；D.growth成長(zhǎng)。依據(jù)前文personalgrowth此處指他們的“成長(zhǎng)”。故選D。【點(diǎn)睛】解完形填空題時(shí)，單獨(dú)看一句話是找不到正確答案的，須要閱讀下句或者若干句才能明白。所謂上下比照，即在上文和下文中找到與正確答案相同的關(guān)鍵詞。因此，在做題時(shí)要邊讀邊在大腦中儲(chǔ)存上下文信息的實(shí)力，捕獲關(guān)鍵詞。本題第11小題，句意：人們也經(jīng)常發(fā)覺(jué)，當(dāng)他們致力于個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)和發(fā)展時(shí)，當(dāng)他們?cè)谏钪凶龀龈鞣N變更以獲得更大的成就和更大的華蜜時(shí)，他們已經(jīng)超越了他們所處的環(huán)境。A.changes變更；B.efforts努力；C.mistakes錯(cuò)誤；D.comments評(píng)論。依據(jù)下文Personaldevelopmentneedsachanging此處指各種“變更”。故選A。其次節(jié)：語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。It’s6a.m.Theringis____41____(early)thanusualbecausethesmartclockscannedyourscheduleinthemorningandadjustedaccordingto____42____.Yourshowerautomaticallyturnsonandwarmstoyourpreferred103°F.Theelectriccarisready____43____(go),chargedbythesolarpanelsorwindturbinesonyourroof.Whenyougethomelater,thereisanunexpectedpackagewaitingforyou,____44____(deliver)bydrone(無(wú)人機(jī)).Youopenitandfindcoldmedicine.Itturnsoutthatthehealthsensorsinyourbathroomhavedetectedsignsofan____45____(ill)thatisapproachingandplacedanord