職稱英語衛(wèi)生類B級模擬41

［模擬］職稱英語衛(wèi)生類B級模擬41

詞匯選項下面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語帶有

括號或下劃線，請從每個句子后面所給的4個選項中選擇1個與括號

里邊部分意義最相近的詞或短語。

第1題：

TheAmericansrecognizethattheUNcanbethe(channel)forgreater

diplomaticactivity.

A.place

B.medium

C.resort

D.tunnel

參考答案：B

channel意為“渠道，通道"，place意為“地方”，medium意為“媒介,工具”,

resort意為“度假圣地”,tunnel意為“地道”。根據(jù)題意，channel在這里

的意思引申為“媒介，中介”，只有medium和它意思相近。故答案為B。

第2題：

Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatternallowsmorewomen

to(takeadvantageof)jobopportunities.

A.makeuseof

B.catchupwith

C.castlighton

D.getridof

參考答案：A

takeadvantageof意為“利用，，使用“，makeuseof意為“利用,使用”，

catchupwith意為“趕上”，castlighton意為“闡明，使人了解"，getrid

of意為“除掉，去掉”。根據(jù)題意，takeadvantageof是“利用，使用”的意

思，與makeuseof同義。故答案為A。

第3題：

Nobodycanhelpbutbe(fascinated)bytheworldintowhichheistaken

bythesciencefiction.

A.impressed

B.amused

C.attracted

D.puzzled

1

參考答案：C

fascinate意為“使著迷，使極感興趣”，impress意為“給……以深刻印象”，

amuse意為“使人發(fā)笑”，attract意為“吸引，引起注意"，puzzle意為“使

迷惑”。根據(jù)題意，fascinate在句中表示“吸引"，與attract同義。故答案

為C。

第4題：

SenatorJamesMeekshas(calledoff)aboycottofChicagoPublicSchools,

organizedtoprotestIllinois'educationfundingsystem.

A.reclaimed

B.proposed

C.indulged

D.canceled

參考答案：D

calloff意為“取消"，reclaim意為“利用，收回"，propose意為“提議，

建議"，indulge意為“放縱，容許"，cancel意為“取消，廢除”。根據(jù)題意，

calloff在句中表示“取消"，與cancel同義。故答案為D。

第5題：

Inspiteofaproblemwiththe(faulty)equipment,someveryusefulwork

wasaccomplished.

A.imperfect

B.temporary

C.emergency

D.reinstalled

參考答案：A

faulty意為“有錯誤的，有缺點的"，imperfect意為“有缺點的，不完善的”，

temporary意為“臨時的"，emergency意為“緊急的”,reinstalled意為“重

新安裝的”。故答案為A。

第6題：

TalksonclimatechangeresumedintheGermancityofBonnonJuly16to

(combat)globalwarming.

A.focuson

B.settledown

C.fightagainst

D.sumup

參考答案：C

2

combat意為“與戰(zhàn)斗，與斗爭"，focuson意為“集中"，settledown

意為“定居，安頓下來”,fightagainst意為“與……做斗爭"sumup意為“總

結(jié)”。故答案為C。

第7題：

Silk,althoughitisconsidereda(delicate)fabric,isinfactverystrong,

butitisadverselyaffectedbysunlight.

A.soft

B.sheer

C.fragile

D.refined

參考答案：C

delicate意為“嬌弱的，纖細的；易碎的，脆弱的“，soft意為“軟的"，sheer

意為“完全的"，fragile意為“易碎的,脆的"，refined意為“精制的”。

故答案為C。

第8題：

Therearesomethingsintheclasstheteacherswillnot(putupwith).

A.tolerate

B.contribute

C.resist

D.prohibit

參考答案：A

putupwith意為“容忍、忍受"，tolerate意為“容忍，忍受"，contribute

意為“貢獻”，resist意為“抵抗，反抗"，prohibit意為“禁止”。故答案

為A。

第9題：

(Withoutquestion),people'slivesinChinahaveimproveddramatically

inthepasttwodecades.

A.Outofthequestion

B.Nodoubt

C.Naturally

D.Obviously

參考答案：B

withoutquestions意為“沒有問題，毫無疑問”，outofthequestion意為

“不可能的"，nodoubt意為“毫無疑問”，naturally意為“自然地”，obviously

3

意為“顯然地”。故答案為B。

第10題：

Whenamanknowsthathewillbeputintoprisonifheusesapotentially

(deadly)objecttorobordoharmtoanotherperson,hewillthinktwice

aboutit.

A.passive

B.lifelong

C.unhappy

D.fatal

參考答案：D

deadly意為“致命的，致死的"passive意為“被動的"，lifelong意為“終

身的”,unhappy意為“不幸福的”,fatal意為“致命的，關(guān)鍵的"。故答案

為D。

第11題：

Nowabouthalfofthewomenwhoworkinsocial(welfare)arepart-time,

ascomparedto38%intheprivatesector.

A.guarantee

B.farewell

C.well-off

D.well-being

參考答案：D

welfare意為“健康，福利”,guarantee意為"擔保",farewell意為“告別，

歡送"，well-off意為“幸運的，好運的"，well-being意為“健康，幸福”。

故答案為D。

第12題:

Beforeyoudecideona(vocation),itmightbeagoodideatoconsulta

fewgoodfriends.

A.career

B.holiday

C.plan

D.research

參考答案：A

vocation意為“職業(yè)，行業(yè)”,career意為“職業(yè)”，holiday意為“假期”，

plan意為“計劃”，research意為“研究”。故答案為A。

4

第13題:

Thetemperaturesare(somewhat)lowerthantheaveragetemperatureinMay

thisyear.

A.rather

B.very

C.alittle

D.less

參考答案：C

somewhat意為“稍微，有點”,rather意為“在一定程度上”,very意為“很,

非常"，alittle意為“少許，稍微”，less意為“較少的，更少的"。故答

案為C。

第14題：

Itisanticipatedthatthiscontractwill(considerably)increasesales

overthenextthreeyears.

A.apparently

B.slightly

C.greatly

D.steadily

參考答案：C

considerably意為“充分地，相當?shù)?，apparently意為"明顯地地slightly

意為“稍微地”，greatly意為“巨大地”,steadily意為“穩(wěn)定地”。故答案

為C。

第15題：

Hedoesnothingthat(break)theinterestsofthecollective.

A.runsfor

B.runsagainst

C.runsover

D.runsinto

參考答案：B

break意為“違反，違背"，runfor意為“跑去取，競選"，runagainst意

為“違反"，runover意為“跑過去，在……上駛過"，runinto意為“不期

而遇”。故答案為B。

閱讀判斷閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)

短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子作出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選

5

擇A項；如果該句提供的錯誤信息，請選擇B項；如果該句的信息文

章中沒有提及，請選擇C項。

StepBackinTime

Doyouknowthatwelivealotlongernowthanthepeoplewhowere

bornbeforeus?Onehundredyearsagotheaveragewomanlivedtobe45.

Butnow,shecanliveuntilatleast80.

Oneofthemainreasonsforpeoplelivinglongeristhatweknow

howtolookafterourselvesbetter.WeknowwhichfoodsaregoodforU.S.

andwhatwehavetoeattomakesureourbodiesgetallthehealthythings

theyneed.Weknowwhywesometimesgetillandwhattodotogetbetter

again.Andweknowhowimportantitistodolotsofexercisetokeepour

heartsbeatinghealthily.

Butinorderthatwedon'tslipbackintobadhabits,let'shave

alookatwhatlifewaslike100yearsago.

Familieshadbetween15and20children,althoughmanybabiesdidn

'tlivelong.Childrensufferedfromlotsofdiseases,especiallyrickets

（佝僂?。゛ndscurvy（壞血?。?，whicharebothcausedbybaddiets.This

isbecausemanyfamilieswereverypoorandnotabletofeedtheirchildren

well.

ReallypoorfamilieswholivedincrowdedcitieslikeLondonand

Manchesteroftensleptstandingup,bendingoverapieceofstring,

becausetherewasnoroomforthemtoliedown.

Peopledidn'thavefridgesuntilthe1920s.Theykeptfreshfood

coldbystoringitonwindowsills（窗臺板）,blocksofice,orevenburying

itinthegarden.

Somechildrenhadtostartworkattheageofsevenoreightto

earnmoneyfortheirparents.Ifyouhadlived100yearsago,youmight

wellbesellingmatchsticks（火柴桿）（ajobdonebymanychildren）or

workingwithyourdadbynow.

第16題：

Onaveragewomenlivedlongerthanmen100yearsago.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：C

文章第一段雖然提到女性的壽命現(xiàn)在要比一百年前長得多，但并沒有提及一百年

前女性是否比男性壽命要長一事。

第17題：

Peoplenowenjoylongerlivesforunknownreasons.

A.Right

B.Wrong

6

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：B

文章第二段明確介紹了人們現(xiàn)在比過去長壽的原因。

第18題：

Ahundredyearsagomanykidsdiedatallearlyage.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：A

文章第四段頭一句便說一百年前，許多孩子很小便夭折了。

第19題：

Poordietscanleadtosuchdiseasesasricketsandscurvy.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：A

文章第四段提到，佝僂病與壞血病都是飲食不良引發(fā)的。

第20題：

Peopleinthepastpreferredstandinguptolyingdownwhensleeping.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：B

文章第五段提到，人們過去之所以站著睡覺是因為房子太小，而非出于喜歡。

第21題:

AnEnglishmaninventedthefridgeinthe1920s.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：C

7

文章第六段只是說，直到20世紀20年代人們才有了冰箱可用，但并沒有說明冰

箱是誰發(fā)明的。

第22題：

Lifewasnoteasyformanychildrenliving100yearsago.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

參考答案：A

從文章第四以及最后一段不難看出，一百年前，生活對許多孩子來說都是十分不

易的。

概括大意與完成句子閱讀下面這篇短文,短文后有2項測試任

務：（1）1?4題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2?5段每段選擇1個

正確的小標題；（2）第5?8題要求從所給的6個選項中選擇4個正確

的選項，分別完成每個句子。

Parkinson'sDisease

1.Parkinson'sdiseaseaffectsthewayyoumove.Ithappenswhen

thereisaproblemwithcertainnervecellsinthebrain.Normally,these

nervecellsmakeanimportantchemicalcalleddopamine.Dopaminesends

signalstothepartofyourbrainthatcontrolsmovement.Itletsyour

musclesmovesmoothlyanddowhatyouwantthemtodo.Whenyouhave

Parkinson's,thesenervecellsbreakdown.Thenyounolongerhaveenough

dopamine,andyouhavetroublemovingthewayyouwantto.

2.Nooneknowsforsurewhatmakesthesenervecellsbreakdown.

Butscientistsaredoingalotofresearchtolookfortheanswer.They

arestudyingmanypossiblecauses,includingagingandpoisonsinthe

environment.AbnormalgenesseemtoleadtoParkinson'sdiseaseinsome

people.Butsofar,thereisnotenoughprooftoshowthatitisalways

inherited.

3.Tremormaybethefirstsymptomyounotice.Itisoneofthe

mostcommonsignsofthedisease,althoughnoteveryonehasit.More

importantly,noteveryonewithatremorhasParkinson'sdisease.Tremor

oftenstartsinjustonearmorlegoronlyononesideofthebody.It

maybeworsewhenyouareawakebutnotmovingtheaffectedarmorleg.

Itmaygetbetterwhenyoumovethelimboryouareasleep.Intime,

Parkinson'saffectsmusclesallthroughyourbody,soitcanleadto

problemsliketroubleswallowingorconstipation.Inthelaterstagesof

thedisease,apersonwithParkinson'smayhaveafixedorblankexpression,

troublespeaking,andotherproblems.Somepeoplealsohaveadecrease

inmentalskills（dementia）.

8

4.Atthistime,thereisnocureforParkinson'sdisease.But

thereareseveraltypesofmedicinesthatcancontrolthesymptomsand

makethediseaseeasiertolivewith.Youmaynotevenneedtreatmentif

yoursymptomsaremild.Yourdoctormaywaittoprescribemedicinesuntil

yoursymptomsstarttogetinthewayofyourdailylife.Yourdoctorwill

adjustyourmedicinesasyoursymptomsgetworse.Youmayneedtotake

severalmedicinestogetthebestresults.

23-26的選項

A.TipsforPatientswiththeDisease

B.CommonTreatmentfortheDisease

C.MeansofDiagnosisoftheDisease

D.TypicalSymptomsoftheDisease

E.PossibleCausesoftheDisease

F.DefinitionofParkinson'sDisease

27-30的選項

A.ifthereisn'tenoughdopamineinyourbody

B.whataffectsmusclesallthroughyourbody

C.whichcannotbecuredyet

D.ifyouhaveafixedorblankexpression

E.whichmaybethefirstsymptomyounotice

F.whatcausesParkinson'sdisease

第23題:

Paragraph1

參考答案：

F

詳細解答：

即帕金森綜合征的定義。本段的中心意思是告訴大家什么是帕金森氏綜合

征。

第24題:

Paragraph2

參考答案：

E

詳細解答：

即導致疾病產(chǎn)生的可能原因。本段主要探討的是這種疾病發(fā)生的原因。

第25題:

Paragraph3

9

參考答案：

D

詳細解答：

即疾病的典型癥狀。本段告訴我們帕金森氏綜合征的一些典型的病癥，如顫

抖，吞咽困難及便秘等。

第26題：

Paragraph4

參考答案：

B

詳細解答：

即通常的治療方法。從本段我們知道，雖然還不能治愈，但是通過幾種藥物

是可以控制患者的病癥的。

第27題:

You'11findithardtomovethewayyouwantto.

參考答案：

A

詳細解答：

即如果你不再有足夠的多巴胺就會發(fā)現(xiàn)你想隨心所欲的行動就會變得困難。

根據(jù)第一段我們知道這里應該選Ao

第28題:

Alotofresearchisbeingdonetofindout.

參考答案：

F

詳細解答：

即科學家做了很多研究試圖發(fā)現(xiàn)導致帕金森綜合征的病因。從第二段的敘述

我們知道應該選Fo

第29題：

OneofthemostcommonsignsofParkinson'sistremor.

參考答案:

E

詳細解答:

io

即帕金森病最常見的病癥是顫抖，它可能是你發(fā)現(xiàn)的第一個癥狀。從第三段

的敘述我們知道應該選E。

第30題:

ApersonwithParkinson'shastolearntolivewiththedisease,.

參考答案：

C

詳細解答：

患帕金森綜合征的人必須得學會同這種疾病共處，因為現(xiàn)在人們還無法治愈

它。從最后一段我們得知應該選擇C項。

閱讀理解下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面

有4個選項。請仔細閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答其后面的問題，從

4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案。

MedicalEducation

In18th-centurycolonialAmerica,thosewhowantedtobecome

physicianseitherlearnedaspersonalstudentsfromestablished

professionalsorwentabroadtostudyinthetraditionalschoolsofLondon,

ParisandEdinburgh.Medicinewasfirsttaughtformallybyspecialists

attheUniversityofPennsylvania,beginningin1765,andin1767atKing

'sCollege(nowColumbiaUniversity),thefirstinstitutioninthe

coloniestogivethedegreeofdoctorofmedicine.

FollowingtheAmericanRevolution,theColumbiamedical

faculty(formerlyofKing'sCollege)wascombinedwiththeCollegeof

PhysiciansandSurgeons,charteredin1809,whichsurvivesasadivision

ofColumbiaUniversity.

In1893theJohnsHopkinsMedicalSchoolrequiredallapplicants

tohaveacollegedegreeandwasthefirsttoafforditsstudentsthe

opportunitytofurthertheirtraininginanattachedteachinghospital.

Thegrowthofmedicalschoolsattachedwithestablishedinstitutionsof

learningwenttogetherwiththedevelopmentofproprietary(私營的)

schoolsofmedicinerunforpersonalprofit,mostofwhichhad10W

standardsandpoorfacilities.In1910AbrahamFlexner,theAmerican

educationreformer,wroteMedicalEducationintheUnitedStatesand

Canada,exposingthepoorconditionsofmostproprietaryschools.

Subsequently,theAmericanMedicalAssociation(AMA)andtheAssociation

ofAmericanMedicalColleges(AAMC)laiddownstandardsforcoursecontent,

qualificationsofteachers,laboratoryfacilities,connectionwith

teachinghospitalsandlicensingofmedicalpractitioners(開業(yè)醫(yī)師)that

survivetothisday.

Bythelate1980stheU.S.andCanadahad1424-yearmedical

collegesrecognizedbytheLiaison(聯(lián)絡)CommitteeonMedicalEducation

11

tooffertheM.D.degree;duringthe1987-88academicyear,47,262men

and25,686womenenteredthesecollegesandanestimated11,752menand

5,958womenweregraduated.Graduates,afterayearofinternship（實

習期），receivelicensestopracticeiftheypassanexaminationgiven

eitherbyastateboardorbytheNationalBoardofMedicalExaminers.

第31題：

In18th-centuryAmerica,higherinstitutionsoflearningthattaught

medicine.

A.didnotexist

B.werefewinnumber

C.werebetterthanthoseinEurope

D.wereknownfortheirteachinghospitals

參考答案：B

文章第一段講到，在18世紀的美國，醫(yī)學院校寥寥無幾，要想當醫(yī)生，要么跟

專業(yè)人員私下里學，要么出國學習，直到1765年，才首次有高等院校正式開設

醫(yī)學課程。

第32題:

InitiallymostproprietaryschoolsofmedicineinAmerica.

A.hadestablishedprofessionals

B.hadgoodfacilities

C.hadhighstandards

D.wereinpoorconditions

參考答案：D

文章第三段中的第二句提到，早期的私營醫(yī)學院校大都標準不高，設備較差。

第33題：

TheAMAandAAMCestablishedstandardssoasto.

A.recruitmorestudents

B.setupmoreschoolsofmedicine

C.ensurethequalityofmedicalteachingandpractice

D.preventmedicalschoolsfrommakinghugeprofits

參考答案：C

文章第三段的最后一句說，AMA與AAMC制訂了一系列標準以保證醫(yī)學教學與實

踐的質(zhì)量。

第34題:

Afterayearofinternshipmedicalgraduatescanstarttopractice.

12

A.iftheyhaveworkedinalaboratory

B.iftheyhavestudiedabroadforsometime

C.iftheyhaveobtainedanM.

D.degreeD.iftheyhavepassedanexamination

參考答案：D

文章的最后一段說，醫(yī)學畢業(yè)生經(jīng)過一年的實習期后，若能通過州或國家的相關(guān)

考試，方可獲取行醫(yī)執(zhí)照。

第35題：

Thispassageismainlyabout.

A.howmedicineistaughtinAmerica

B.howmedicaleducationhasdevelopedinAmerica

C.howtheAmericaneducationalsystemworks

D.howonecanbecomeagooddoctor

參考答案：B

從文章的題目到內(nèi)容可知，全文重點探討的是美國醫(yī)學教育的歷史進展。

PhysicalExerciseAreHelpful

Declaringthatphysicalexerciseisoneofthemostpowerful

medicinestohelpimproveourqualityoflifeisnotanexaggeration.The

WorldHealthOrganizationexpressedthesameviewinits2002WorldHealth

Report,emphasizingthatthedamageproducedbylackofphysicalactivity

wasequaltothestrongprobabilityofseriousillnesssuchasheart

diseaseandevensomekindsofcancer.

Thosewhohaveembracedanactivelifestyleforyearsarefamiliar

withthesortofphysicalandpsychologicalbenefitsthatcomefrom

exercise.Neverthelessalotofpeoplewouldneverthinkofphysical

activityasawayoffeelingbetter,simplybecausetheydon'tthinkthey

areinneedofit,orbecausetheyarelazyormaintainthattheyhaven

'tgotenoughtime.

Therearemanypositiveeffectsthatresultfromphysicalexercise

andtheyarenotonlyconcernedwiththephysicalaspectsbutalso

psychologicalandsocialones.

Beginningwiththephysicalbenefits,physicalactivityimproves

thelifeoftheheart,bumsofffat,lowershighbloodpressure,makes

tissuesmoreresistant,andincreasesmuscleflexibilityandjoint

mobility.

Onapsychologicallevel,physicalactivityhelpsreduceanxiety

andstressbycausingtensiontodisappearandbyencouragingustohave

abettersenseofourselvesthroughlisteningtoourbodiesduring

13

movement.

Lastly,seeingourselvesinbetterhealthisadvantageous

socially.Thesenseofsatisfactionthusobtainedwillresultinan

increaseofself-respectandself-confidenceintermsofourabilityto

interactwithothers.

Thebenefitslinkedtoexercisehavealsonotgoneunnoticedin

thebusinessworld,withmoreandmorecompaniessettingupgymson-site.

Employees'improvedhealthtranslatesintobetterperformanceand

reducedcostsaswellasanincreaseinpeople'ssatisfactioninthework

place.

Physicalactivityisrecommendedforallagegroups,including

children.Itisanimportantgrowthfactorinachild'seducation.

Andfortheelderly?Thereisnodoubtthatregularphysical

activityallowsgreaterefficiencyindailylifeaswellascreatingmore

basicindependencedaybyday,includingthepossibilityofkeepingin

touchwithothersandnotfeelingisolated.

第36題:

Thewriterregardsphysicalexerciseasastrongmedicinebecause.

A.theWHOholdstheview

B.ithelpsimprovethequalityoflife

C.thelackofitequalsseriousillness

D.itenablespeopletolivelonger

參考答案：B

本題是原文重現(xiàn)題，在第一段第一句中可以找到相應的對照：Declaringthat

physicalexerciseisoneofthemostpowerfulmedicinestohelpimprove

ourqualityoflifeisnotanexaggeration.（能夠提高我們的生活質(zhì)量絕

對不是夸張。）題干意思是“體育鍛煉是一味良藥，因為它可以增強體質(zhì)”。

第37題:

Manypeopledonotengageinphysicalexercisemainlybecause.

A.theyarenotawareofitsbenefits

B.theydon'thavethefacilities

C.theydon'tthinktheyneedit

D.theyarephysicallyunfitforit

參考答案：C

本題題干說，許多人不參加體育鍛煉的原因是什么？可以從第二段simply

becausetheydon'tthinktheyareinneedofit（僅僅是因為他們覺得自己

不需要）中找到答案。

第38題:

14

Accordingtothepassage,physicalexercisecanmakepeople.

A.strongerandmoreintelligent

B.moreintelligentandmoreopen-minded

C.moreopen-mindedandhealthier

D.healthierandstronger

參考答案：D

本題是推斷題，有一定難度，因為四個選項都有正確的部分?？梢詮牡谌蝨hey

arenotonlyconcernedwiththephysicalaspectsbutalsopsychological

andsocialones（不僅是身體上的，而且是心理上的）中找到答案。A、B、C三

個選項都比較片面。在做這類題時有一個小竅門：綜合性最強的那個選項一般是

正確答案。

第39題:

Physicalexerciseissociallybeneficialbecause.

A.itgivespeoplecompetitiveadvantage

B.ithelpspeoplereduceanxiety

C.itenablesemployeestoworkbetterfortheircompany

D.itmakespeopleconfidentindealingwithothers

參考答案：D

本題是細節(jié)識別題，可以從原文找到對應，只是考查學生的眼力：Lastly,seeing

ourselvesinbetterhealthisadvantageoussocially.Thesenseof

satisfactionthusobtainedwillresultinanincreaseofself-respectand

self-confidenceintermsofourabilitytointeractwithothers.（在社

交方面得到的益處使我們在與他人交往時變得更加自信，自重。）

第40題：

Accordingtothepassage,regularphysicalexercisecanmakeoldpeople

A.betterabletolookafterthemselves

B.lookyoungerthantheyreallyare

C.lesslikelytosufferfromdiseases

D.moreaggressiveintheirinteractionwithothers

參考答案：A

本題測試學生歸納總結(jié)的能力，我們可以從文章的最后一句話中得出正確答案：

Thereisnodoubtthatregularphysicalactivityallowsgreaterefficiency

indailylifeaswellascreatingmorebasicindependencedaybyday.（毫

無疑問，有規(guī)律的鍛煉對提高生活效率及獨立生活能力都極有幫助。）

15

RestaurantsAndHealth

“Cleanyourplate!，zand"Beamemberoftheclean-plateclub!z，

JustabouteverykidintheU.S.hasheardthisfromaparentorgrandparent.

Often,it'saccompaniedbyanappeal:〃Justthinkaboutthosestarving

orphans（孤兒）inAfrica!”

Sure,weshouldbegratefulforeverybiteoffood.Unfortunately,

manypeopleintheU.S.takeafewtoomanybites.Insteadofsaying"clean

theplate”,perhapsweshouldsavesomefoodfortomorrow.

Accordingtonewsreports,U.S.restaurantsarepartlytoblame

forthegrowingbellies（肚子）.Awaiterputsaplateoffoodinfront

ofeachcustomer,withtwotofourtimestheamountrecommendedbythe

government,accordingtoaUSATodaystory.

Americanstraditionallyassociatequantitywithvalueandmost

restaurantstrytogivethemthat.Theyservelargeportionstostandapart

fromcompetitorsandtogivethecustomersvalue.Theyprefertohave

customerscomplainabouttoomuchfoodratherthantoolittle.

BarbaraRolls,anutritionprofessoratPennsylvaniaState

University,toldUSATodaythatrestaurantportionsizesbegantogrow

inthe1970s,thesametimethattheAmericanwaistlinebegantoexpand.

Healthexpertshavetriedtogetmanyrestaurantstoservesmaller

portions.Now,apparently,somecustomersarecallingforthistoo.A

restaurantindustrytrademagazinereportedlastmonththat57percent

ofmorethan4,000peoplesurveyedbelievedthatrestaurantsserve

portionsaretoolarge;23percenthadnoopinion;20percentdisagreed.

ButacloserlookatthesurveyindicatesthatmanyAmericanswho

can'taffordfinediningstillpreferlargeportions.70percentofthose

earningatleast$150,000peryearprefersmallerportions.Butonly45

percentofthoseearninglessthan$25,000wantsmaller.

It'snotthatworkingclassAmericansdon'twanttoeathealthy.

It'sjustthatafterlonghoursatlow-payingjobs,gettinglessontheir

platehardlyseemslikeagooddeal.Theylivefrompaychecktopaycheck,

happytosavealittlemoneyfornextyear'sChristmaspresents.

第41題:

Bysaying〃Beamemberoftheclean-plate-club!〃（Para.1）aparentor

grandparentisaskingthechildrento.

A.washdishesaftermeals

B.eatallthefoodontheirplate

C.savefoodforthestarvingAfricans

D.reservefoodforthefuture

參考答案：B

本題是細節(jié)題，出現(xiàn)在文章的第一段第一句?！–leanyourplate!z，and〃Bea

memberoftheclean-plateclub!〃JustabouteverykidintheU.S.hasheard

16

thisfromaparentorgrandparent.所以B選項是正確答案。

第42題：

Accordingtonewsreports,U.S.restaurants.

A.arepartlyresponsiblefortheoverweightproblem

B.ignorethegovernmentregulationsonfoodamount

C.servetwotofourtimestheamountthecustomerswant

D.arepartlytoblameforthewasteoffoodinAmerica

參考答案：A

本題是細節(jié)題，出現(xiàn)在文章第三段的第一句。AccordingtonewsreportsU.S.

restaurantsarepartlytoblameforthegrowingbellies.“根據(jù)最新的報

道，民眾逐漸增胖的部分原因是由美國的餐館所引起的"。A選項是該句的同義

替換，為正確答案。

第43題:

U.S.restaurantsprovidelargeportionsoffoodbecause.

A.mostcustomersarecallingforthat

B.theywanttowininseverecompetition

C.theAmericanwaistlineinexpanding

D.itistheregulationoftherestaurantindustry

參考答案：B

本題是細節(jié)題，出現(xiàn)在文章第四段第二句。Theyservelargeportionstostand

apartfromcompetitorsandtogivethecustomersvalue.“這些餐館給食

客們提供大份的食物，這樣他們就和其他的競爭者有別，以此來滿足他們對質(zhì)量

的要求?！彼訠選項是正確答案。這里考查了考生在閱讀中把握細節(jié)的能力。

第44題：

Accordingtothepassage,workingclassAmericansdininginrestaurants

A.eatlesstosavemoney

B.getlessontheirplate

C.wanttogettheirmoney'svalueback

D.donotcare