專題39 閱讀理解七選五滿分對(duì)策【 核心知識(shí)】 高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)清單（全國）解析版

專題39【口袋書】閱讀理解七選五滿分對(duì)策解析版目錄導(dǎo)航一、利用設(shè)空位置，快解閱讀七選五2技法一段首設(shè)空題2技法二段中設(shè)空題4技法三段尾設(shè)空題5二、依據(jù)詞匯線索，巧解閱讀七選五7技法一詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法7技法二代詞指代法9三、根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，化解閱讀七選五111．總分關(guān)系112．解釋關(guān)系123．例證關(guān)系124．并列關(guān)系135．遞進(jìn)關(guān)系136．轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系137．對(duì)比關(guān)系148．因果關(guān)系14四、閱讀理解七選五語篇訓(xùn)練151.2023?新高考I卷152.2023?新高考II卷163.2023?全國甲卷174.2023?全國乙卷19閱讀理解七選五題命題規(guī)律探究閱讀七選五主要考查考生對(duì)文章整體內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和把握?？荚囆问绞窃谝欢渭s300詞的短文中留出5個(gè)空白，要求考生從所給的7個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，使補(bǔ)全后的短文意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。解答閱讀七選五題目時(shí)，方法會(huì)因人而異，所以我們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)備考中，根據(jù)題型特點(diǎn)和平時(shí)的教學(xué)總結(jié)了三種比較實(shí)用的解題技法：①利用設(shè)空位置，快解閱讀七選五；②依據(jù)詞匯線索，巧解閱讀七選五；③根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，化解閱讀七選五。這三種技法各有特色，沒有優(yōu)劣之分。有的試題僅僅運(yùn)用一種方法不能找出答案，可以綜合運(yùn)用三種方法，靈活解題。一、利用設(shè)空位置，快解閱讀七選五技法一段首設(shè)空題調(diào)研1:【2021新課標(biāo)I卷】

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OnourfirstmorninginParis,Iwentaroundthecomertothefoodmarkettopickupsomegroceries.Iboughtahandfulofperfectlyripesmallstrawberriesandalittlesweetmelon.MyhusbandandIagreedtheywerethebestfruitwehadevereaten.Buttheycost$18!C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.E.That'snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.【答案】E【解析】39.E。這題為第四段第一句話，功能為承接第三段引起第四段。所以大家做題時(shí)要看第三段的內(nèi)容和第四段的內(nèi)容，并且概括二段的大意。法國人吃得少的第一點(diǎn)原因是第三段中描述的食物美味，以至于不需要量太多，你就已經(jīng)滿足。第二個(gè)原因在第四段，太昂貴，買不起，所以一次只吃一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。故選E。調(diào)研2:【2019全國I卷】Livinginaculturethatisdifferentfromyourowncanbebothanexcitingandchallengingexperience.Youhavetolearndifferentculturalpracticesandtrytoadapttothem.36Theytalkabouttopicssuchasages,incomeormaritalstatus,whichAmericansthinkisannoyingandintrusive.E.BasicallyChinavaluesthecommunityandtheUSvaluestheindividual.F.ChinesepeopledonothavethesameconceptofprivacyasAmericansdoG.UnliketheChinese,olderAmericansseldomlivewiththeirchildren.【解析】36.F。考查主題句。根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容可知本段主要講的是中美兩國人之間對(duì)待個(gè)人隱私的不同概念。中國人問年齡、收入、婚姻狀況，而美國人則認(rèn)為是一種冒犯。G選項(xiàng)講的是中國人和美國人的意思觀念不一樣，符合語境，故選F.調(diào)研3:【2019全國I卷】40IfyouachievesomethingintheUS,it'sbecauseyouweregreat.WhileinChina,ifyouachievesomethinginChinait'sbecausetheteam,orfamily,orcompanyisgreat.Everythingyoudogetsattributedtothegreaterwhole,whileinAmericaindividualmeritsarecelebrated.C.ChinesepeoplevalueeducationandcareermorethanAmericans.D.Theyarealwaysconservativewhentheyareplanningtospendmoney.E.BasicallyChinavaluesthecommunityandtheUSvaluestheindividual.【解析】36.E。本段講的是對(duì)待集體和個(gè)人之間的關(guān)系。E選項(xiàng)正是本段內(nèi)容的概括和總結(jié)。調(diào)研4:【2019全國II卷】___37___Morethanthat,howshouldyoustaymotivatedtoachievethegoal?First,youneedtoevaluateyourself,yourvalues,yourstrengths,yourweaknesses,yourachievements,yourdesires,etc.Onlythenshouldyousetyourgoals.A.Thiscanaffectyourwork.B.Sohowshouldyoumotivateyourself?C.However,thisshouldnotdiscourageyou.【解析】37.B。上一段闡述了動(dòng)機(jī)和設(shè)定目標(biāo)的關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)了動(dòng)機(jī)的重要性，本段進(jìn)一步講如何激勵(lì)自己并保持動(dòng)力來實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。B選項(xiàng)“那么你應(yīng)該如何激勵(lì)自己呢？”承上啟下，故選B。調(diào)研5:【2020全國I卷】●___37___Donotfollowthepeoplewhomakeyoufeelnot-good-enough.Whydoyoufollowthem?Areyouhopingthateventuallyyouwillfeelempoweredbecauseyourlifeisbetterthantheirs?Knowthatyourlifeisyourown;youaretheonlyyouinthisworld.E.Setanintentionforself-acceptance.F.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.G.Whendoesthecomparisongamestart?【解析】37.F。根據(jù)下文Areyouhopingthateventuallyyouwillfeelempoweredbecauseyourlifeisbetterthantheirs?Knowthatyourlifeisyourown;youaretheonlyoneinthisworld.(你是否希望最終你會(huì)因?yàn)樽约旱纳畋人麄兊暮枚械接辛α?？要知道，你的生活是你自己的；你在這個(gè)世界上是獨(dú)一無二的。)可知，本段主要講述不要把自己和別人作比較，因?yàn)樯钍俏覀冏约旱?，我們也是世界上?dú)一無二的。故F.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.(停止把自己和別人進(jìn)行比較。)可以作為本段中心句，故選F項(xiàng)。調(diào)研6:(2022·全國乙·片段)·Practiseempathy(共情) 38.Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.·39Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible，extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends’birthdaysandotherimportantdateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.·Don’trelyontechnologyalone40,butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-facetimetogetherwheneverpossible.A.RememberimportantdatesB.CompensatebywritinglettersC.ItisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeperD.TrytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoitE.FriendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunicationF.ItiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmediaG.Youmaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind【解析】38.G。此空考查段落主旨句，可運(yùn)用“中心詞法”。下文“Thefriendwhoisremaining”和“Theoneinthenewenvironment”提到朋友的兩種不同處境，G項(xiàng)“你可能是朋友中離開的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了異地友誼中分為離開的一方和留下的一方，其中“thefriendwholeft”和“theonewhowasleftbehind”分別對(duì)應(yīng)下文“Theoneinthenewenvironment”和“Thefriendwhoisremaining”。故選G?！窘馕觥?9.A。此處考查段落小標(biāo)題，依據(jù)其他段落小標(biāo)題為祈使句，可在選項(xiàng)A、B、D中確定答案，再根據(jù)下文“Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.”可知，周年紀(jì)念日和生日等重要的日子對(duì)于維系異地友誼是非常重要的，由此推知，這段對(duì)應(yīng)的維系異地友誼的方法是A項(xiàng)“記得重要的日子”。故選A。【解析】40.F。根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題以及空后句“butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain”可知，維系異地友誼不能只依靠科技，我們要更加自覺地維系異地友誼，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“朋友之間很容易通過社交媒體產(chǎn)生一種聯(lián)結(jié)感”肯定了科技的作用，并同下文銜接緊密。故選F。技法二段中設(shè)空題段中設(shè)空即主題句的展開句。尤其注意分析空格前后的邏輯關(guān)系及內(nèi)容的連貫性，注意各句間的銜接手段。其特點(diǎn)主要是以轉(zhuǎn)折手法引出主題句，或者是用來承上啟下的過渡句，也可能是補(bǔ)充前文的具體事實(shí)、事例和說明。解此類試題時(shí)首先應(yīng)確定所缺的句子是過渡句還是細(xì)節(jié)句，對(duì)于這兩類句子，我們將采用不同的方法來解題。調(diào)研1:【2022·新高考全國Ⅰ】FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled“FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartner”.Onereasonwas：“You’llactuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthegym,”whileanotherread：“36”Withaworkoutpartner,youwillincreaseyourtrainingeffortasthereisasubtle(微妙)competition.C.You’llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.D.Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?E.Howcanyouwriteagood“seekingtrainingpartner”notice?【解析】36.C。細(xì)節(jié)句，上文提到感謝健身伙伴的一個(gè)理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就會(huì)去鍛煉”，再根據(jù)“whileanotherread”可知，這里陳述另一個(gè)感謝健身伙伴的理由。所以C項(xiàng)“如果你和別人一起鍛煉，你會(huì)更努力”符合語境。故選C。調(diào)研2:【2021全國II卷】●Yourmetabolism(新陳代謝)getsaheadstart.__38__Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyouwillbegettingthecalorie(卡路里)burningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.E.Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4－10hoursafterexercise.F.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.G.Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou'redoingitnow,thenlistenup!【解析】38.F。設(shè)空處位于段中，屬于段中題。這一段說的是晨練有助于人體的新陳代謝，能讓你一整天都感受到晨練消耗卡路里帶來的好處。F項(xiàng)“晨練之后你還會(huì)在一天時(shí)間里繼續(xù)消耗卡路里”中的關(guān)鍵詞“throughouttheday”與文中的“thewholeday”呼應(yīng)。故選F。調(diào)研3:【2018全國I卷】Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.__39__.Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.（2018全國Ⅰ卷）E．It'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesF．Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeG．Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways【解析】39.G。設(shè)空處在段中，所填句子應(yīng)是過渡句。該空前一句主要內(nèi)容是“mediumcolorchoices”，是G項(xiàng)中“smallones”的升級(jí)。該空后一句介紹了兩種方式的顏色選擇，與G項(xiàng)中的“twomajorways”相呼應(yīng)，故選G。調(diào)研4:【2017全國I卷】Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfun-filledholidayinthewilderness.__38__Instead,wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.Mynature-lovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife.A．Thistimetherewasnotent.B．Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.C．Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.【解析】38.A。解此題可運(yùn)用詞匯同現(xiàn)法。該空前面的部分說明了作者被說服參加另一次野營活動(dòng)，而空后則說這次野營活動(dòng)有舒服的床和空調(diào)，因此空處的論述應(yīng)該是在“住宿”這一范疇內(nèi)，幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)合適。技法三段尾設(shè)空題調(diào)研1:【2021·浙江6月卷】You’vegotmail...andit’sapostcardPauloMagalhaes,a34-year-oldPortuguesecomputerengineer，lovestoopenhismailboxandfindabrightlycoloredpictureofRome’sColosseum.OrAfrica’sVictoriaFalls.OrChina’sGreatWall.31“Ioftensendpostcardstofamilyandfriends,”hesaystoChinaDaily...E.OnAugust5,thenumberofpostcardsexchangedbymemberstopped31million.F.Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.G.Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingahand-writtennotefromsomeonefaraway.【解析】31.G。此處考查總結(jié)句。根據(jù)上文可知，Paulo喜歡打開郵筒，收到一張色彩鮮艷的羅馬斗獸場(chǎng)的圖片，或者是非洲維多利亞瀑布的圖片，或者是中國長城的圖片，由此可知，G項(xiàng)“總而言之，他喜歡明信片，以及收到遠(yuǎn)方某人手寫的便條時(shí)的那種興奮感”符合語境。G項(xiàng)中的“l(fā)oves”“postcards”分別與上文中的“l(fā)oves”及下文中的“postcards”相對(duì)應(yīng)，而且G項(xiàng)中含有總結(jié)性詞語inshort。調(diào)研2:【2019全國I卷】InChina,eldersaretraditionallytreatedwithenormousrespectanddignitywhiletheyoungarecherishedandnurtured.InAmerica,thegoalofthefamilyistoencourageindependence,particularlythatofthechildren.37.（2019E.BasicallyChinavaluesthecommunityandtheUSvaluestheindividual.F.ChinesepeopledonothavethesameconceptofprivacyasAmericansdoG.UnliketheChinese,olderAmericansseldomlivewiththeirchildren.【答案】G【解析】37.G。上句講的是中國老年人受到尊重而年輕人受到愛護(hù)，即：尊老愛幼。家庭的目的就是鼓勵(lì)獨(dú)立。因此不像中國人，美國老人很少與子女生活在一起。C選項(xiàng)正是承接上文。調(diào)研3:【2019全國III卷】Don’ts●Don’tsharepersonalinformationorstories.Professorsarenottrainednurses,financialaidexpertsoryourbestfriends.Ifyouareinneedofadeadlineextension,simplyexplainthesituationtotheprofessor.39D.Sowhyshouldwetrytosetspecificgoals?E.Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances.G.Withoutmotivation,youcanneithersetagoalnorreachit.【答案】E【解析】39.E。上文說“記得，目標(biāo)是靈活的”。該空承接上文，E選項(xiàng)“它們會(huì)根據(jù)環(huán)境的改變而改變”切題，故選E。調(diào)研4:【2020全國I卷】●Recognizeallofyourstrengths.Writethemdowninajournal.Begintotrainyourbraintolookatstrengthbeforeweakness.Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday.39A.Feelingupsetagain?C.Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.D.Remember,youareonlyhuman.【解析】39.C。本題設(shè)空在段尾，首先看前文。根據(jù)上文Listallofyouraccomplishmentsandachievements.Youhaveajob,earnedyourdegree,andyougotoutofbedtoday.(列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了學(xué)位。)可知，這些小事都是你取得的成就，都值得慶祝。C項(xiàng)意思，沒有什么事是太小而不值得慶祝的，對(duì)上文的總結(jié)概括，符合文意。調(diào)研5:【2021新課標(biāo)II卷】Ifyou’rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.___39___.C.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”D.BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.Orturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosay【解析】39.E。根據(jù)上文“Ifyoucan’ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox(講臺(tái)).Ifyou’rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.(如果你不能拿走他們的酒，你當(dāng)然應(yīng)該讓他們離開講話的地方。如果你是主人，你可以讓他們到廚房幫你做點(diǎn)什么，只是為了讓他們擺脫那種情景)”可知，本段主要是為解決“喝太多酒或一直說個(gè)不?！边@個(gè)問題提供方法。由此可知，E項(xiàng)“Orturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosay(或者把談話變成他們沒什么可說的話題)”是提出的另一個(gè)解決辦法，承接上文，符合題意。故選E項(xiàng)。二、依據(jù)詞匯線索，巧解閱讀七選五技法一詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法調(diào)研1:【2022·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷】Mypartnerpostedherrequestonthenoticeboardofalocalpark.Hernoticeincludedwhatkindoftrainingshewantedtodo,howmanydaysaweekandhowmanyhoursshewantedtospendoneachsession,andherage.Italsolistedherfavoritesportsandactivities,andprovidedherphonenumber.39Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskills.40Overtime，bothofyouwillbenefit—yourpartnerwillbeabletoliftmoreweightsandyouwillbecomemorephysicallyfit.Thecore(核心)ofyourrelationshipisthatyouwillalwaysbetheretohelpeachother.E.Howcanyouwriteagood“seekingtrainingpartner”notice?F.Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheachother.G.Anynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuchinformation.【解析】39.G?？仗幬挥诙挝?，應(yīng)該是總結(jié)性的句子，上文列出了尋找鍛煉伙伴的布告所要包括的信息。所以G項(xiàng)“任何尋找鍛煉伙伴的布告都應(yīng)包括這些信息”總結(jié)上文，符合語境。G項(xiàng)中的notice是本段第二句中notice的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選G?！窘馕觥?0.F。根據(jù)上文“Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskills.”以及下文“Overtime，bothofyouwillbenefit”可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“接受你們的不同，學(xué)會(huì)彼此合作”符合語境。differentskills對(duì)應(yīng)F項(xiàng)中的differences。故選F。調(diào)研2:【2021·全國乙卷】原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)awkwardnessAndwhataboutthatotherdinner-partykiller:awkwardsilence?Ifyou'refacedwithanawkwardsilenceatadinnerparty，theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment(贊揚(yáng)).__40__.Justquicklyturnaroundandsay,“Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.”（）A．HowdoyouknowthehostB．ThefirststepistogoexploringC．Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere？”D．BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF．Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon'tstoptalkingG．Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost【解析】40.G。本段主要講面對(duì)“dinner-partykiller：awkwardsilence”(晚宴殺手：尷尬的沉默)時(shí)應(yīng)該怎么辦。根據(jù)空前的“theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment(贊揚(yáng))”可知，解決辦法是贊揚(yáng)晚宴的主人，G項(xiàng)“Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost”(他或她是最能感受到這種尷尬的人)符合語境。G選項(xiàng)中的“Heorshe”指代thehost，“awkwardness”同義復(fù)現(xiàn)也是解題提示。故答案是G。調(diào)研3:【2020全國I卷】同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)littlesmall__38__.They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.()D．Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwithE．It'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesF．Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeG．Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways【解析】38.D。解此題可運(yùn)用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法，該空后面的They'rethelittlespotsofcolor和D選項(xiàng)Smallcolorchoice是同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，所在段最后一句中的“smallcolorchoices”是D項(xiàng)“Smallcolorchoices”的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故答案是D。調(diào)研4:【2021·全國甲卷】近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)“new”clothes=clothesingoodconditionInvite5—10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.Lesspeoplethanthat,andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.__38__.Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir“new”clotheshome.（）A．LesspeoplethanthatB．HoldaclothingswapC．IftwopeoplearecompetingD．JustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutE．DonatewhateverclothesareleftoverF．HaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspotsG．Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition【解析】39.G。本題考查近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。本段空白后“Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir‘new’clotheshome.”講他們還應(yīng)準(zhǔn)備大量的可回收的袋子，來把“新”衣服帶回家。其中的“clothes”原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)是解題提示，同時(shí)“new”表明衣服應(yīng)該是好的，對(duì)應(yīng)G選項(xiàng)中的“clean”“ingoodcondition”。調(diào)研5:【2021·全國甲卷】反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)morethan=lessthanAsuccessfulswapdependsontheselectionofclothes,theorganizationoftheevent,and,obviously,howmuchfunishad.It'sreallyeasytodo!Hereareafewpointers.·Invite5—10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.__37__，andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.A．LesspeoplethanthatB．HoldaclothingswapF．HaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspotsG．Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition【解析】37.A。根據(jù)上文“Invite5-10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.”和下文“andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.”可知空白處應(yīng)是針對(duì)下文中的“morethanthat”提出的相反的假設(shè)，即少于一定數(shù)量的人。A項(xiàng)“Lesspeoplethanthat”和下文中“morethanthat”相對(duì)，符合語境。故選A項(xiàng)。技法二代詞指代法調(diào)研1:【2022·全國甲卷】MakingRequests39.InPortugal,thiswouldbeaseriousmistake,becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon’tliketheirseasoningskills.Similarly,inItaly,neveraskforextracheesetoaddtoyourfood.Someoftheseculturaldiningetiquetterulesmayseemrandomandstrange,buttheyareimportantinvariouscountries.40,themorecomfortableyou’llbegintofeelwithitsforeignculturalpractices.A.ThemorefriendsyoumakeinyourlifetimeB.ThemoretimeyouspendinanygivencountryC.MexicansconsideritinappropriatetoeatwithutensilsD.Don’tgetcaughtmakinganembarrassingmistakeatarestaurantE.It’sagoodsignforthechefifyoumakeamessaroundyourplateF.NeverstickthemuprightinyourfoodorcrossthemasyouusethemG.Itmayseemlikeasimplerequesttoaskforsaltandpepperatameal【解析】39.G。根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題可知，本段主要講述的是用餐時(shí)提請(qǐng)求的問題。根據(jù)下文“InPortugal，thiswouldbeaseriousmistake，becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon’tliketheirseasoningskills.”可知，G項(xiàng)(吃飯時(shí)要鹽和胡椒看似一個(gè)簡單的請(qǐng)求)符合此處語境，下文中的代詞this指的就是此項(xiàng)中的“toaskforsaltandpepperatameal”。且該選項(xiàng)中的request是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選G?！窘馕觥?0.B。根據(jù)下文“themorecomfortableyou’llbegintofeelwithitsforeignculturalpractices”可推知，此處指在一個(gè)國家待得越久，就會(huì)越習(xí)慣當(dāng)?shù)亓?xí)俗，且此處是“the＋比較級(jí)...，the＋比較級(jí)...”結(jié)構(gòu)，B項(xiàng)符合文意，引出下文。且下文的代詞its指的就是該項(xiàng)中的anygivencountry。故選B。調(diào)研2:【2019全國I卷】Recently,peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldandhealing(治愈).38Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen,growingthingscanreducestress,lowerbloodpressure,andputpeopleintoabettermood(情緒).Greeneryisgoodforus.Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.39Itgivesusagreatfeelingofpeace.A.Freshaircleansourlungs.B.Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?C.Beinginnaturerefreshesus.D.Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.E.Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?F.Justasimportantly,wetendtoassociatefreshairwithhealthcare.G.Allacrossthecountry,recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.【解析】38.G。代詞線索題。本段空格后提到intheseplaces“在這些地方”可知，空格處應(yīng)該是某個(gè)地點(diǎn)。此外，本段第一句提到研究人員在研究自然環(huán)境和疾病痊愈之間的關(guān)系，那么緊接著應(yīng)該要建立這種接近自然的康復(fù)中心，因此選G?！窘馕觥?9.C。代詞線索題?？崭窈蟮腎t就是突破點(diǎn)。從本段的intheseplaces一直到此空前，作者描述了接近大自然的患者康復(fù)更快，再結(jié)合此空后“這給了我們平和寧靜”可知，此處應(yīng)為總結(jié)句，描述大自然的作用，因此選C。調(diào)研3:【2018全國I卷】Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.37,theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere’rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.38.They’rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.39.Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.A．WhileallofthemareusefulB．Whateveryou'relookingforC．Ifyou'reexperimentingwithacolorD．Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwithE．It'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesF．Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeG．Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways【解析】37.A。代詞線索題?？崭窈蟮膖hey指代上文中的techniques，且與A項(xiàng)中的allofthem相呼應(yīng)，代入A項(xiàng)“盡管它們都很有用”，符合語境。結(jié)合第二段第一句中的"anumberofdifferenttechniques"以及最后一句給出的三種設(shè)計(jì)方案可知，此處表示"雖然這些技巧非常有用，但它們會(huì)有一點(diǎn)復(fù)雜"，故A項(xiàng)符合語境?！窘馕觥?8.D。代詞線索題。第二段最后一句出現(xiàn)了"thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones"，第三段提到了"smallcolorchoices"，由此可知空處所在段主要在講"thesmallones"，故選D?！窘馕觥?9.G。代詞線索題。第四段最后一句提到了"abiggercommitmentthansmallerones"和"amorepowerfuleffect"可知，此處是和上文中的"smallcolorchoices"作對(duì)比，故選G。調(diào)研4:【2020全國III卷】Ahousewarmingpartyisaspecialpartytobeheldwhensomeonebuysormovesintoanewapartmentorhouse.Thepersonwhoboughtthehouseormovedistheonewhothrowstheparty.Thepartyisachanceforfriendsandfamilytocongratulatethepersononthenewhome.___36___Anditisgoodtimetofillthenewspacewithloveandhopefulpresents.A.Thisisn’tusualthough.B.Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.C.Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.D.Ifyou’reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts,keeptheminasafeplace.E.Italsogivespeopleachancetoseewhatthenewhomelookslike.F.Thebesthousewarmingpartiesencourageoldfriendstogettogether.G.Thiswassothatthepersoncouldkeeptheirhomewarmforthewinter.【解析】36.E。代詞線索題。上句Thepartyisachanceforfriendsandfamilytocongratulatethepersononthenewhome.(這個(gè)聚會(huì)是朋友和家人祝賀新家的機(jī)會(huì))。介紹慶祝喬遷之喜的聚會(huì)是親戚朋友祝賀搬新家的人的一次機(jī)會(huì)，下句Anditisagoodtimetofillthenewspacewithloveandhopefullypresents.(現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候用愛和希望的禮物來填補(bǔ)新家了)。介紹這也是給新家裝滿愛和希望禮物的好時(shí)機(jī)。E項(xiàng)：它也給了人們一次看看新家什么樣的機(jī)會(huì)。與上下句并列，都是慶祝喬遷之喜聚會(huì)的目的，故選E。三、根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，化解閱讀七選五1．總分關(guān)系【2016全國I卷】Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.37Forexample,thefirstlettersof“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.【解析】37.E?？疾榭偡株P(guān)系?？崭袂懊娴木渥诱f總共有三種密碼，是一個(gè)概括性句子，總述了全段的主要內(nèi)容?？崭駜?nèi)應(yīng)是介紹第一種密碼，是分述。由該空后的例句可知，此空選E“你可以拼寫每個(gè)單詞的第一個(gè)字母來隱藏信息”?！?013全國I卷】Businessmanagementisatermusedtodescribethetechniquesofplanning,direction,andcontroloftheoperationsofabusiness.38Oneistheestablishment(制定)ofbroadbasicpolicieswithrespecttoproduction;sales;thepurchaseofequipment,materialsandsupplies;andaccounting.39Thethirdrelatestotheestablishmentofstandardsofworkinalldepartments.Directionisconcernedprimarilywithsupervision(監(jiān)管)andguidancebythemanagementinauthority.40A.Controlincludestheuseofrecordsandreportstocompareactualworkwiththesetstandardsforwork.B.Inthisconnectionthereisthedifferencebetweentopmanagementandoperativemanagement.C.Examplesofnonprofitbusinessesincludesuchorganizationsassocialserviceagenciesandmanyhospitals.D.However,somebusinessesonlyseektoearnenoughtocovertheiroperatingcosts.E.Thesecondaspectrelatestotheapplicationofthesepoliciesbydepartments.F.Inthetheoryofbusinessmanagement,organizationhastwomainaspects.G.Planninginbusinessmanagementhasthreemainaspects.【解析】38.G。前句解釋了商業(yè)管理的概念，下文為商業(yè)管理中規(guī)劃所包含的三個(gè)方面，與G項(xiàng)中的"threemainaspects"相一致。故選G?！窘馕觥?9.E。前一句為第一個(gè)方面，后一句為第三個(gè)方面，顯然本句應(yīng)介紹第二個(gè)方面。故選E?！窘馕觥?0.A。第二段的第一句介紹了商業(yè)管理中的三個(gè)技巧，分別是planning,direction和control。接下來已經(jīng)介紹了前兩個(gè)技巧，最后一個(gè)技巧"control"還未提及，所以本空應(yīng)涉及control的內(nèi)容。故選A。2．解釋關(guān)系【2019全國II卷】Anotherwayofsettingrealisticgoalsistoanalyzeyourshortandlongtermobjectives,keepinginmindyourbeliefs,valuesandstrengths.Rememberthatgoalsareflexible.39Theyalsoneedtobemeasurable.Youmustkeepthesepointsinmindwhilesettingyourgoals.E.Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances.【解析】39.E。根據(jù)空格前的goalsareflexible可知，目標(biāo)是靈活的，E項(xiàng)“它們可以根據(jù)情況而改變”對(duì)其進(jìn)行了解釋，故選E項(xiàng)?！?018全國II卷】__39__Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedintheevening.Exerciseenergizesyou，soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.B.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.【解析】39.B。此處缺少一個(gè)主題句?？蘸缶渥咏忉屃嗽缙疱憻挼娜吮韧砩襄憻挼娜怂酶?。所選答案應(yīng)是對(duì)后面內(nèi)容的總述。故選B。3．例證關(guān)系【2017北京卷】Nowwehavethemostdirectevidenceyetthatheisright.74Thesynapsesinthemicetakenattheendofaperiodofsleepwere18percentsmallerthanthosetakenbeforesleep,showingthattheconnectionsbetweenneuronsweakenwhilesleeping.G.Tononi'steammeasuredthesizeoftheseconnections,orsynapses,inthebrainsof12mice.【解析】74.G。該段首句提出論點(diǎn)“現(xiàn)在我們有最直接的證據(jù)證明他的假設(shè)是對(duì)的”，那么接下來就應(yīng)該給出具體的論據(jù)或?qū)嵗齺碜C明上述論點(diǎn)。此外，該空后面一句話解釋了實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果和意義。綜合看來，只有G項(xiàng)符合語境?！?020新高考卷】Nevermindthatmosttravelersnowadayshavesmartphoneswithbuilt－inalarmclocks.__17__Herearesomeexamples.AttheWolcottHotel,ifawake－upcallisunanswered,theywillsendanemployeetoyourdoor.AtLasVentanasalParaiso,anemployeeshowsupatyourroomtowakeyouupwithtea,coffeeandbreakfastbread.AttheMandarinOriental,apersonratherthananautomatedsystemwillcalltowakeyouup.F.Thehumanwake－upcallisawaytopersonalizeaguest’sstay.【解析】17.F。由17空之后的“Herearesomeexamples...”可知前后是例證關(guān)系。根據(jù)后面舉的例子可知應(yīng)該選擇F項(xiàng)“Thehumanwake－upcallisawaytopersonalizeaguest’sstay.”4．并列關(guān)系【2016全國II卷】Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants,flowers,patternsandmassesofcolor.Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers(肥料).18However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.E.Stillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplants.【解析】18.E。由本段中的第一句Some...，第二句的Others...，可鎖定E項(xiàng)中的Stillothers...，它們之間為并列關(guān)系，故選E項(xiàng)?！?020新高考卷】Yourgoalisnottobeaperfectpublicspeaker.__19__Andlikeeverythingelseinlife，thattakespractice.Remember,evenworldchampionathletespracticetheirskillsonaconsistentbasis.B.Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.【解析】19.B。根據(jù)上文中的“Yourgoalisnottobeaperfectpublicspeaker.”可知，你的目標(biāo)不是成為一個(gè)完美的演說家。據(jù)此可知，空處與此對(duì)應(yīng)，說明自己的目標(biāo)是要成為高效的演說家，故選B項(xiàng)?！?020全國III卷】Ahousewarmingpartyisaspecialpartytobeheldwhensomeonebuyso