2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語Unit6AtonewithnatureSectionⅡUsinglanguage課時檢測含解析外研版必修第一冊

PAGEPAGE7UsinglanguageⅠ.閱讀理解AAstudyhasfoundthatwarmerwatersoffNorthAmerica'sWestCoastcausedmanykindsofsealifetomovefarthernorththaneverbefore.ThestudywasaprojectofscientistsfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis.ThescientistsexaminedwatersoffthecoastofNorthernCaliforniaintheeasternPacificOcean.Theresearcherssaytheyrecognizedalocalof67species(物種)between2014and2016,duringwhatwasdescribedasa“marineheatwave”．Marineheatwaveswereexplainedinthestudyas“aperiodofextremeseasurfacetemperatureslastingfordaystomonths”．The2014－2016heatwaveisthoughttobethelargesteverrecorded.ThewarmwaterlatermovedsouthwardtowardCalifornia.ThewarmerwaterswerepartlyaproductofElNi?oconditionsduringthesameperiod,researchersnoted.ElNi?odevelopswhenwindsoffthecoastofSouthAmericaweaken.ThisenablesthewarmwaterinthewesternPacifictomoveeastward.ElNi?ooftencausesoceantemperaturesintheareatorisebetween2to4degreesCelsius,thestudyfound.Theresearchersreportedthat37ofthe67speciestheystudiedhadneverbeforebeenobservedsofarnorthasCalifornia.Thesecreaturesarenativetoanareahundredsofkilometerstothesouth,mainlyaroundBajaCaliforniainMexico.AfewwereevenfoundnorthofCalifornia,offthestateofOregon.Thenorthwardtravelofsomanydifferentseacreatureswasconsidered“unprecedented”(史無前例的)bytheresearchers.Amongthespeciesfoundinthestudywereameat-eatingseaslugthathuntsotherseaslugs,aseasnail“butterfly”andapurple-linedjellyfish.Anotherunexpectedvisitorwasthepelagicredcrab,whichresearcherssaidhadonlybeenfoundinareasoffthecoastofMexico.Scientistsinvolvedinthestudybelievethefindingscanprovidevaluableinformationforknowingfuturesealifereactionstowarmingoceans.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了海洋熱浪致美國大量海洋生物異樣北遷。1．Whatisamarineheatwaveaccordingtothepassage?A．Anoceanwiththeroughsurface.B．Awavewithlowtemperatures.C．Aperiodofwarmeroceansurfacewater.D．Aspecieslivinginextremeweather.解析：選C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由其次段中的Marineheatwaveswereexplainedinthestudyas“aperiodofextremeseasurfacetemperatureslastingfordaystomonths”．可知，海洋熱浪是一個海洋表層水變暖的時期。2．WhatcontributestoElNi?oconditions?A．Warmerwaters.B．WeakenedwindsoffSouthAmerica.C．Thecolderseasurface.D．Speciesmovingnorthward.解析：選B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的ElNi?odevelopswhenwindsoffthecoastofSouthAmericaweaken.可知，南美洲減弱的風(fēng)促使了厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象的產(chǎn)生。3．Whydoestheauthormentionthemeat-eatingseasluginParagraph4?A．Topointoutthatoceanenvironmentbecomesworse.B．Tosuggestthatseacreaturesneedseparatelivingspace.C．Toprovethatmanykindsofsealifecanadapttowarmerwaters.D．ToevidencethatoceantemperaturesalongCaliforniaarehigherthanbefore.解析：選D推理推斷題。由第四段內(nèi)容可知，全部探討的67個物種中，有37個在加利福尼亞州北部從未被視察，這是因為加利福尼亞州沿岸的海洋溫度比以前高。作者在第四段中提到了食肉海蛞蝓就是為了證明加利福尼亞州沿岸的海洋溫度比以前高了。4．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Theheatwavesdisturbthelifeofmanyseacreatures.B．Theincreasedtemperaturebenefitsmanyseacreatures.C．Sealifereactionscanbevaluabletopredictfutureheatwaves.D．Theheatwavescausemanyunexpectedvisitorstomovesouthward.解析：選A推理推斷題。通讀全文尤其是第一段內(nèi)容可知，海洋熱浪導(dǎo)致美國大量海洋生物異樣北遷，這是一種被迫性地遷移。依據(jù)海洋生物的被迫遷移可以推斷出，熱浪擾亂了很多海洋生物的生活。BPlasticsremainoneofthemost-usedmaterialsformakingmanythings.Thingsmadeofplasticscanbeverystrongandlastalongtime.Plasticsarealsomuchlighterthanmetalandcaneasilybeformedintodifferentshapes.Plasticscantakehundredsofyearstobreakdownontheirown.Andveryfewkindsarehighlyrecyclable.AteamofresearchersworkingattheUSDepartmentofEnergysaysithascreatedakindofplasticthatcouldleadtoproductsthatare100percentrecyclable.ItrecentlyreportedthediscoveryinastudyinthejournalNatureChemistry.Theresearcherssaythenewmaterialisaplasticpolymer(聚合體)calledpolydiketoenamine,orPDK.Theteamreportsthematerialcanbebrokendowninpartsatthemolecular(分子的)level.Itcanthenbebuiltupagaintoformplasticsofdifferentshapes,texturesandcolors.Theresearcherssaythisprocesscanberepeatedoverandoveragain—withouttheplasticmateriallosinganyperformanceorquality.“Mostplasticswerenevermadetoberecycled,”leadresearcherPeterChristensensaidinastatement.“Butwehavediscoveredanewwaytoassembleplasticsthattakesrecyclingintoconsiderationfromamolecularperspective.”Manyplasticshavedifferentchemicalsaddedtothemtomakethemmoreusefulandpowerful.Theproblemisthatthesechemicalsattachtothemonomers(單體)，whichremaininplasticsevenafterthematerialgetsprocessedatarecyclingplant.Theresearchteamreportedthat,withthenewlydiscoveredPDKmaterial,themonomerscouldberecoveredandseparatedfromanychemicaladditives.Next,theresearchersplantodevelopPDKplastics“withawiderangeofthermalandmechanicalproperties”．Theseplasticscouldbeusedformanykindsofcloth,aswellasthingssuchas3Dprintedmaterialsandfoams.Inaddition,theteamistryingtoincludeplant-basedmaterialsintheprocess.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一個探討團(tuán)隊正在探討一種新型的塑料，這種塑料更簡單降解，更耐用且可以循環(huán)利用。5．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Plasticsareneverhighlyrecyclable.B．Plasticsarewidelyusedinourlives.C．Plasticshavebothadvantagesanddisadvantages.D．Plasticstakehundredsofyearstobreakdown.解析：選C段落大意題。依據(jù)文章第一段的Thingsmadeofplasticscanbeverystrongandlastalongtime...Andveryfewkindsarehighlyrecyclable.可知，塑料牢固耐用，更易成型；須要上百年才能降解，且?guī)缀醪荒苎h(huán)利用；所以本段既講了塑料的優(yōu)點也講了缺點。故選C。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inParagraph3referto?A．Thenewmaterial.B．Theresearchteam.C．Themolecularlevel.D．Theproducingprocess.解析：選A詞義揣測題。依據(jù)前句Theteamreportsthematerialcanbebrokendowninpartsatthemolecular(分子的)level.和畫線詞后面的canthenbebuiltupagaintoformplasticsofdifferentshapes,texturesandcolors可知，it指代的是前文提到的新材料，尤其從canbe和canthenbe這兩個并列句可以推出前后講的是同物。故選A。7．Whydomanyplasticshavedifferentchemicalsaddedtothem?A．Tomakethemeasytobreakdown.B．Tomakethemeasytogetprocessed.C．Tomakeitpossibleforthemtoberecycled.D．Tomakethemstrongerandmorewidelyused.解析：選D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章倒數(shù)其次段的Manyplasticshavedifferentchemicalsaddedtothemtomakethemmoreusefulandpowerful.可知，加入其它化學(xué)物質(zhì)的目的是讓塑料更有用，更耐用。故選D。8．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．PDKplasticswillbesoonputtogooduse.B．PDKplasticsmayhaveapromisingprospect.C．TheresearchersarebusydevelopingPDKplastics.D．Plant-basedmaterialshavebeenusedinthenewplastics.解析：選B推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章最終一段的Theseplasticscouldbeusedformanykindsofcloth,aswellasthingssuchas3Dprintedmaterialsandfoams.可知，這種新型塑料在將來可以被用在很多領(lǐng)域，例如布料，3D打印和泡沫。故選B。Ⅱ.完形填空MolaigrewupinatinyvillageinIndia.Thevillagelaynearsomewetlandswhichbecamehissecond1.Helearnedthevalueandbeautyof2therefromaveryyoungage.Whenhewas16,Molaibegantonoticesomething3happeningaroundhishome.Afloodhadhittheareaearlierthatyearandthe4itcausedhaddrivenawayanumberofbirds.5，thenumberofsnakeshaddeclinedaswell.He6thatitwasbecausethereweren'tenoughtreestoprotectthemfromthe7.Thesolution,ofcourse,wastoplanttreessotheanimalscouldseek8duringthedaytime.Heturnedtothe9departmentforhelpbutwastoldthatnothingwouldgrowthere.However,Molaiwentlookingonhisownand10anearbyislandwherehebegantoplanttrees.11youngplantsinthedryseasonwas12foraloneboy.Molaibuiltatthe13ofeachsapling(幼樹)abambooplatform,whereheplacedearthenpotswithsmallholesto14rainwater.Thewaterwouldthendrip(滴落)ontheplantsbelow.Molai15toplanttreesforthenext37years.Hiseffortshaveresultedin1,360acresofnaturally-grownlandthathasbecomehometomanyplantsandanimals.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述了一個印度男孩幾十年如一日在所在的村莊周邊的荒島上植樹造林，最終把荒島變成了多種動植物生長的家園的故事。1．A.dream B．jobC．home D．choice解析：選C依據(jù)第一句可知小村莊是他的家，那么后文提到的wetlands就是他的其次個家了。故選C。2．A.nature B．youthC．culture D．knowledge解析：選A依據(jù)下文他植樹造林愛護(hù)動植物可推知，他深知自然的價值。故選A。3．A.precious B．interestingC．disturbing D．a(chǎn)wkward解析：選C依據(jù)下一句“洪水侵襲了這一地區(qū)，迫使很多鳥類離開，蛇的數(shù)量也在削減”可知，不好的事情發(fā)生了。disturbing“令人擔(dān)心的”，符合語境。故選C。4．A.waste B．tensionC．pain D．damage解析：選D分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知itcaused為定語從句且it指的是flood。結(jié)合句意可知，此處是指洪水帶來的損害導(dǎo)致鳥類離開此地，causedamage造成損害，為習(xí)慣搭配。故選D。5．A.Besides B．HoweverC．Therefore D．Otherwise解析：選A由前一句“鳥類飛走了”和后一句“蛇的數(shù)量也削減了”可知，兩句都是洪水的危害。however和otherwise表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，therefore表示因果關(guān)系，besides表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。故選A。6．A.agreed B．realizedC．remembered D．predicted解析：選B結(jié)合空后賓語從句的內(nèi)容可知，這是他分析后得出的結(jié)論。故選B。7．A.noise B．heatC．disease D．dust解析：選B結(jié)合本句中的weren'tenoughtrees和下一句中的duringthedaytime可推知，樹木用來遮蔭，愛護(hù)這些動物免受太陽照耀的熱量。故選B。8．A.directions B．partnersC．help D．shelter解析：選D依據(jù)常識可知，樹木在炙熱的陽光下可以為動物供應(yīng)遮擋。故選D。9．A.labor B．policeC．forest D．finance解析：選C依據(jù)上下文可知，要解決問題就得種樹，他自然會向林業(yè)相關(guān)部門尋求幫助。故選C。10．A.rebuilt B．discoveredC．left D．managed解析：選B依據(jù)空后的內(nèi)容anearbyisland可知，他找到一個小島。故選B。11．A.Decorating B．ObservingC．Watering D．Guarding解析：選C結(jié)合下文的內(nèi)容可知，本段講的是樹木的澆灌問題。故選C。12．A.tough B．illegalC．fantastic D．beneficial解析：選A結(jié)合句意“在干旱季節(jié)給樹苗澆水對于一個男孩來說是很……”和下文他所做的努力可知應(yīng)當(dāng)是很“困難的”。故選A。13．A.back B．topC．foot D．side解析：選B結(jié)合下一句中的ontheplantsbelow可推知，在樹的上方他建了一個小裝置。故選B。14．A.cooldown B．keepoffC．purify D．collect解析：選D結(jié)合下一句“雨水會從上方的裝置中滴下去給樹澆水”可知，這種裝置是為了收集雨水。故選D。15．A.returned B．learnedC．failed D．continued解析：選D依據(jù)時間狀語forthenext37years可知，他接著做這樣的事情很長時間，故選D。Ⅲ.語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。AsmalltowninEnglandisteachingtheworldthatitisimportant1(grow)yourownfood.Anyopenspace2(use)togrowfruitandvegetables.Thereareapples,pears,peaches,strawberries,cabbagesandcarrots,hereandthere.Everyonecanpickthem3free.Eightyearsago,awomannamedPaminTodmordendugupherrosegarden.Sheplantedvegetables,knockeddownthegardenwallsandputupasign4(say),“Helpyourself？”Today,Pamhas5(complete)changedthetown.Anewtownhasbeenborn,6iscalled“IncredibleEdibleTodmorden”．Pamexplainedwhyshethoughttheideawaspopular.“It'spossibleandpositive.Manypeopleknowwehavetochange,7howwedothat