閱讀理解（原卷版）-2024年中考英語沖刺復(fù)習(xí)

【查補知識漏洞■通關(guān)練】

專題07閱讀理解

（原卷版）

挑戰(zhàn)中考題?直知識漏洞

（2023?山東淄博?中考真題）HaveyoueverreadAndersen'sfairytaleTheUglyDuckling（丑4、鴨）?Doyou

knowthathismotherlandisDenmark?ItliesinnorthernEurope.Letmetellyousomethingaboutit.

YoucanfindalmostanyfastfoodinDenmark,suchashamburgersandhotdogs.Danishopen-faced

sandwichesarenotonlydelicious,butalsoprettyandfun.Theyareworksofart.Tastingsomeisanexperiencethat

shouldn'tbemissed.

“Lego"toyswerecreatedinDenmark.Thetoysweremadeofwoodbefore.BuildingwithLegoshelps

studentslearnaboutengineering,physicsandtechnologyinafunway.In1968,thefirstLegolandthemepark

openedinBillund,Denmark.Today,thereareLegolandparksinCalifornia,Florida,Malaysia,Dubai,Windsor,

JapanandGermany.

BicyclingispopularinDenmark.NineoutoftenDaneshaveabike.Theyridetheirbikesnomatterwhatthe

weather.Theyaren9tjustridingbikesforfun.Theyusebikestogettowork,totaketheirkidstoplaces,andevento

carrygoods.Today,moreandmorepeoplearechoosingbikesovercars.TheyhaveasayinginDenmark:"A

bicycleisaDane'sbestfriend.5,

Denmarkiscalledthelandoffairytales.Andersen'sanotherpopularfairytaleisTheLittleMermaid（美人魚）.

TheLittleMermaidstatue（雕塑）hasbeenregardedasDenmark'smostfamouslandmarksince1913.TheDanes

believethatshebringsthemgoodluck.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"It"inParagraph1referto?

A.TheUglyDuckling.B.Denmark.C.Europe.D.Fastfood.

2.AccordingtoParagraph4,wecancallDenmark”

A.thecountryofbikesB.thelandoffairystories

C.thecapitalofartD.thehomeofLegos

3.WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheLittleMermaidstatue?

A.Ifscalledfairyland.B.ItwasbuiltbyAndersen.

C.Itwelcomestheshipsthere.D.Ithasbeenthereforabout110years.

4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Fairytales.B.Andersen'slife.

C.SomefactsaboutDenmark.D.ThehistoryofDenmark.

V回顧核心考點?補知識漏洞

一.解題策略

1.先讀問題，弄清考查要點。

先讀問題可弄清考點，以便能帶著問題看文章，這樣會心中有數(shù)，有的放矢。

2.快速瀏覽全文，掌握全貌。

瀏覽全文時注意發(fā)現(xiàn)與問題有關(guān)的信息，如果時間緊，至少要掃視一下起首段和尾段。再把標題和文章

內(nèi)容結(jié)合起來想一想，這樣全文大意便清楚了。此時，不要忙于答題

3.細讀原文，捕捉相關(guān)信息詞。

細讀原文，掌握短文細節(jié)內(nèi)容。這是解題的關(guān)鍵，應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點：

①抓住四個“W”和一個“H”,就是邊讀邊用鉛筆做些標記，把What（事件），When（時間），Where

（地點），Why（原因），How（經(jīng)過）劃出來。抓住了四個“W”和一個“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌,

一些直接性的問題便可解決。

②抓住連接詞及起關(guān)鍵作用的副詞、代詞、介詞、插入語等。因為這些詞具有因果，讓步，遞進，轉(zhuǎn)折，

指代，列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下文的特殊功能。這對考生分清文章層次，辨明各種關(guān)系，了解人物

心理，推斷作者意圖，進行邏輯推理等手段來分析難點，都具有舉足輕重的作用。

③注意領(lǐng)會文章的寓意。

④根據(jù)題意，初選答案。這一步須仔細審題，領(lǐng)會測試要求，確定解題方法。對那些明顯的，有把握的

題可以斷然確定，不必把其余三個答案再作推敲而浪費時間：有些略難的題，應(yīng)再查閱短文（不是重讀一

遍），迅速找出依據(jù)，予以排除。

4.重讀原文，仔細斟酌核對答案。在解完最后一道題后，如果時間允許，再將原文讀一遍；用全文的主題思

想統(tǒng)率各思考題，研究其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系，目的在于對所做答案進一步審查，推出未解答的題，以便

減少失誤。

二、主要題型及解題技巧

1.主旨大意題（Tofindoutthemainidea）

其目的是考查考生對短文中心思想或作者意圖的掌握。

解題技巧：

①抓住主題句，鎖定文章主旨

找主題句，應(yīng)先通讀全文，理解大意，充分理解主題句的意義。主題句一般具有以下特征：概括全段

思想；一般位于段首、段尾或位于段中；

解這種題目時，不能只憑文中的只言片語而斷章取義，比如涉及文章的標題（title）、主題（mainidea）、結(jié)

論（conclusion）、結(jié)局（end）等有關(guān)問題，都需要在細讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合所學(xué)語言知識、背景知識、生活

常識、科學(xué)專業(yè)知識進行邏輯思維、推理、判斷，從而獲取文章中內(nèi)隱的信息。

②抓住段落大意，概括中心思想

③抓住主線和關(guān)鍵，歸納文章中心

主旨題常見的命題形式：

(1)Themainideaofthepassageis.....

(2)Thispassageismainlyabout......

(3)Theauthor5spurposeinwritingthistextis......

(4)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

(5)Whafsthetopicofthetext?

典例：

1.What'sthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?

A.Manyparentsdon'tunderstandkids5languageintheirblogs.

B.Manyparentsareworriedabouttheseyoungbloggers.

C.Manyparentscan'tunderstandwhytheirkidsdon'tlikestudying.

2.Whatisthepassageabout?

A.Repairingoldcomputers.

B.Sellingoldcomputers.

C.Recyclingoldcomputers.

2.細節(jié)理解題(Tolookfordetails)

細節(jié)題是用來進一步表達主題，體現(xiàn)中心思想的，往往針對短文某個細節(jié)來設(shè)題。

細節(jié)理解題?？碱}型：1、是非題2、例證題3、年代與數(shù)字4、比較5、原因6、事實排序題7、

直接信息題8、間接信息題9、綜合信息題…

解題技巧：(1)細心審題，直接就題找答案。

(2)變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案。

(3)多點歸納，綜合事實找答案。

細節(jié)題常見的命題形式：

WhichofthefollowingisTrue/NotTrue?

Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingismentioned?

Allofthefollowingstatementsaretrueexcept...

Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.Where,how,who,why,howlong等弓I導(dǎo)的特殊疑

問句要求判斷細節(jié)。

典例：

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Mybrothers,mysistersandIwouldsometimesfightaboutwhichchanneltowatchwhenIwasachild.

B.Thesedays,thereisonlyonechannelwitholdmovies,cookingandfishing.

C.Peoplehavemanychannelstochoosefromnow.

3、猜測詞義題(Toguessthemeaning)

猜測詞義題主要考查考生根據(jù)上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義的能力。單詞的猜測能力是閱讀理解能

力的主要組成部分，初中英語學(xué)科教學(xué)基本要求規(guī)定，學(xué)生能根據(jù)上下文推測詞義，并能不借助詞典讀懂

含有3%左右生詞的語言材料。

解題技巧：

①通過因果關(guān)系猜測詞義；

首先找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，然后才能猜詞。有時文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because,as,since,for,

so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,therefore等)表示前因后果。

Eg:Youshouldn'thaveblamehimforthat,foritwasn'thisfault.

通過for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的錯)，可猜出blame的詞義是責(zé)備。

②通過同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞；

通過同義詞猜詞，一要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，如：happyandgay,即使我們不認識gay這個

詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在進一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞。如：Manwasknowing

somethingabouttheplanetsVenus,Mars,andJupiterwiththehelpofspaceships.止匕句中Venus,Mars,Jupiter

均為生詞，但是只要知道planets就可以猜出這幾個詞都是屬于“行星”義域。

通過反義詞猜詞，一看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如：but,while,however等；二看與not搭配的表示

否定意義的詞。如：Heissohomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.根據(jù)notatall…h(huán)andsome就不難

推測，homely意為不英俊，不漂亮之意。

③通過構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義；

閱讀文章時，總會遇到新詞匯，有時很難根據(jù)上下文來推測，而他們對文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的

作用，此時，如果掌握了一些常用的合成、派生、轉(zhuǎn)化等語法知識，這些問題便不難解決了。

④通過定義或釋義說明來推測詞義；

Eg:Butsometimes,norainfallsforalonglongtime.Thenthereisadryperiod,ordrought.從drought所在

句子的上下文我們可以得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的時期，即drought.由此可見drought意為“久

旱"、"旱災(zāi)"，而adryperiod和drought是同義詞。這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常為：is,or,thatis,inotherwords,

becalled或破折號等來表示。

⑤通過描述猜測詞義；

⑥用知識和生活經(jīng)驗猜測詞義；

⑦根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進行猜測。

常見命題形式如下：

(l)Theword"...”inthepassageprobablymeans.

(2)Whatdoestheword"..."mean.

(3)Theunderlined(劃線的)wordmeans.

(4)Theclosemeaningoftheunderlinedword"…"isinEnglish.

(5)Theword”refersto.

典例:

l.Inthe2ndparagraph,theclosemeaningoftheunderlinedword“teased"isinEnglish.

A.hitB.criticizedC.laughedat

2.What'stheChinesemeaningoftheunderlinedword“fined”?

A.罰款B.給予C.獎勵

注意事項：

在做詞義猜測題時注意不要脫離語境。有些常用詞在特定的上下文中，或?qū)I(yè)性文章中，具有特殊的

或?qū)ｉT的詞義。在解這類題時，必須仔細地研讀劃線部分的上下文，有時閱讀的視線還要擴大一些。如果

離開特定的語言環(huán)境來理解生詞意義，必然會理解錯誤。

4.推理判斷題(Toinferaconclusion)

推理判斷題在閱讀測試中屬于難題。推理判斷題就是根據(jù)某個事實推斷結(jié)論。包括：數(shù)據(jù)事實推斷、

常識推斷以及作者的寫作目的、態(tài)度和傾向等的推斷

解題技巧：推理判斷題分兩種，即對細節(jié)的推理和對主旨的推理。解決此類題要注意，一是與原文相

同的細節(jié)不能選，二是文中沒有出現(xiàn)的細節(jié)不能跳出文章做推斷。解題過程中只要注意上述兩點，再結(jié)合

做細節(jié)和主旨的方法，即可以做出推理判斷題。

①推理深層含義的常見命題形式如下：

(l)Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.

(2)Thewritersuggestthat.

(3)Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat.

(4)Wemayconcludefromthepassagethat.

(5)Fromthepassage,itcanbeinferredthat.

典例：

Wecanlearnthelastparagraphthat

A.It'seasyformanyteenagerstogiveupbloggingontheInternet.

B.It'ssafeformanyteenagerstoputtheirpersonalinformationontheInternet.

C.It'spopularformanyteenagerstouseblogsontheInternet.

②推理作者意圖、觀點、態(tài)度的常見命題方式如下：

Thewriter?spurposeinwritingthisstoryis.......

Inthewriter'sopinion,agoodschoolshould.......

Whatshouldbetherightattitudetowards

Thewriter'sattitudetoward"..."is.......

Thewritermainlywantstotellus.......

例：

Wespentadayinthecountrypickingwildflowers.Withthecarfullofflowersweweregoinghome.Onour

wayback,mywifenoticedacupboardoutsideashop.Itwastallandnarrow.t6Buyit."Mywifesaidatonce,

“We'Hcarryithomeontheroofrack..Tvealwayswantedonelikethat.^^WhatcouldIdo?Tenminuteslater,Iwas

$20poorer,andthecupboardwastiedontheroofrack.

Fromthepassage,wecanseethatinfactthehusbandthecupboard.

A.thoughtitwasworthbuyingB.believedtheyneededtobuy

C.wasgladtohaveboughtD.wouldrathernotbuy

【詳解】從劃線部分我們可以看出，這位丈夫是由于妻子喜歡不得不買，由此推斷答案應(yīng)為D。

?知識通關(guān)演練

——----------

<1>

（2024?云南?一模）InChina,theyear2024isknownaslongnianinthetraditionalChineselunarcalendar.

Overalongperiodoftime,ithasbeencalledtheYearoftheDragoninEnglish.Butactually,therearealotof

differencesbetweentheChineselongandtheWesterndragon.

TheChineselongismadeupofpartsofsomegentleanimals,suchasarabbifseyesandanox'sears.In

Chinesemythology,longisabletofly.Inaddition,itcanalsospray（噴灑）waterfromitsmouthtocreaterain.

However,inWesternculture,adragonbreathesfireandhasthebodyofasnakeandbigwingsofabat.

Whafsmore,youwillfindmostoftheWesterndragonsindarkcolorsbecausetheyusuallystandfbrevil（牙B惡）.

Asaresult,normallyattheendofthestories,theevildragonwillbebeatenbythesuperheroes.

Whatmakessuchdifferences?Infact,theyhavesomethingtodowiththeculturaldifferences.InChinese

Confucian（儒家的）ideas,kindnessandharmony（和諧）areveryimportant.Itisourdutytohelpeachotherand

liveapeacefullife.Westernculture,ontheotherhand,prefersindividualheroism（個人英雄主義）.Whenever

somethingterriblehappens,therewillbeasuperherowhoisbraveenoughtostandout,fightagainsttheenemyon

hisown,and,ofcourse,savethewholeworld.

Inrecentyears,Chinesehavetriedtotranslatelonginanotherway.Forexample,Zhejiang9sLoongAirhas

alreadywrittenlongasLoong.OneofthereasonsisthatLoongsoundsthesameastheChinesecharacterlong.

Besides,theletters"oo"inthewordLoonglooklikethetwobigeyesoftheanimal,whichmakesiteasierto

memorizethisword.

Anyway,nomatterhowlongistranslated,thereisonethingforsure:theChineselongisdifferentfromthe

Westerndragon,anditisasymbolofgoodluck.

WishyouandyourfamilythebestintheYearofLoong!

1.WhichofthefollowingisthepictureofaWesterndragon?

2.AccordingtotheChineseConfucianideas,whatmightbethereasonforlongtospraywater?

A.Tofightagainsttheevildragon.B.Tohelpthefarmersinthedryweather.

C.Toshowitspowerandability.D.Tomakeitselfthesuperherointhisworld.

3.WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Adragonbreathesfireandhasthebodyofabat.

B.2024istheyearofLoonginthetraditionalChineselunarcalendar.

C.TheWesterndragonisasymbolofgoodluck.

D.Longcan'tflybecauseithasnowings.

4.makeLoongthenewtranslationoftheChinesecharacterlongaccordingtothepassage.

A.ThehistoricalbackgroundandculturalmeaningB.Thehistoricalbackgroundandspelling

C.ThepronunciationandspellingD.Theculturalmeaningandpronunciation

5.Inwhichpartofamagazinemaywefindthispassage?

A.HealthyLife.B.CreativeArt.C.AmazingAnimals.D.ColorfulCulture.

<2>

（2024?云南?~~k模）ZongQinghouwasthefounder?（創(chuàng)始人）ofHangzhouWahahaGroup.Hewasbornin

1945inwartimeChina.HegrewupverypoorinHangzhouandoftenwenthungry.Hisfatherwasoutofwork,and

hismothersupportedthefamilyoffivechildrenasafactoryworker.

“Becauseofthehardship,asachildIhadmanydreamsandhopedtomakebigmoneyformyparentsin

return,Zongsaidinahistorybook.Astheeldestchild,Zongleftschoolafterjuniorhightosupporthisfamilyand

spentovertenyearsdoingdifferentjobs,includinghardphysicalworkatafar-awayfarm.

In1978,ZongreturnedtoHangzhouandspentthenexttenyearsworkingasasalesman.4tMyonlydreamat

thattimewastohavemyowncompanyanddowhatIwantedtodo,andIhadbeenlookingforsuchachance,9,he

saidinthehistorybook.Thechancefinallycamein1987.Zongborrowed140,000yuantostarthisowncompany,

sellingicepops（冰棒）andstationery（文具）tostudentsatanearbyprimaryschool.

Thecompany,whichwouldlaterbecomeWahaha,soldicepopsforacenteach.Duringhisdoor-to-door

sales,Zonglearnedthatmanychildrenwerepickyeaterssothattheycan'tgetallthenecessarynutrition（營養(yǎng)）.

Thatwasabigheadacheforparents.

Seeingapotentialchance,Zongworkedwithaprofessorofnutritiontoinventavitamindrinkforchildren

calledWahahaOralLiquid.Theproductbecameahugesuccesssoon.Thecompanyachievednearly100million

yuaninsalesinthethirdyearafteritwentonthemarket.Thatyear,ZongfoundedtheHangzhouWaHahaGroup

afterbuyingafailingfoodfactory.

6.HowmanypeoplewerethereinZong'sfamily?

A.Three.B.Five.C.Seven.D.Nine.

7.Theunderlinedword"picky“inparagraph4meansinChinese.

A.貪嘴的B.挑剔的C.厭食的D.健康的

8.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Zongsucceededatlastbecauseofhisgoodluck.

B.Zongworksinhisowncompanyin1980.

C.WahahaOralLiquidwasn'tpopularatfirst.

D.WahahaOralLiquidcanoffernecessarynutritiontochildren.

9.WhichistherightorderaboutZong'slife?

?ZongworksasasalesmaninHangzhou.②Zongdiddifferentjobstosupporthisfamily.

③WaHahagroupwasfounded.@Zongboughtafallingfoodfactory.

⑤Zongborrowedmoneytostarthisowncompany.@Zongdreamedtomakebigmoney.

A.⑥①④②③⑤B.⑥②①⑤④③C.⑥②①⑤③④D.⑥①⑤④②③

10.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HangzhouWahahaGroupB.HowtoSellWahahaOralLiquid

C.HowtoMakeBigMoneyD.ZongQinghouandWahahaGroup

<3>

（2024?北京?一模）Inthepastdecade,theuseofsocialmediahasgrowninawaythatnoonecouldhave

guessed.Ithasturnedsometeenagersintocelebrities（名人）andturnedthefamousintotheinfamous,overnight.

Akeyfeature（特征）ofsocialmedia,however,isitsvolatility.Trends（趨向，動向）comeandgo,

disappearingalmostasquicklyastheyappeared.

ShortvideoappssuchasTikTokanditsChineseequivalent（對應(yīng)詞）Douyin,tooktheworldbystorm.

TikTokwasonceranked8thonApple'sAppStore,andDouyinhadmorethan300milliondomesticmonthlyactive

users.

Whyaretheseshortvideos,whicharerarely（罕有）longerthanafewminutes,sopopular?JiangYige,

Singapore-basedanalystatFengHeFundManagement,hasatheory.66Shortvideosarejustrighttofillinthelittle

gapsinourbusyschedules,hetoldCNBC.

Thesevideos,apartfrombeingveryconvenient,areimportanttoteenagersbecausetheyallowthemto

expressthemselves,accordingtoTeenVogue.

LizaKoshy,auseroftheUSappMusical,whohasover2millionfollowers,said,“Thesenseofcommunity

thatusersofshortvideoappsgetisanotherappealing（有吸弓I力的）feature.

Livestreaming（直播）isafeatureofoursocialmedialifethatnowseemsas,naturalassunrise.Ifsapretty

neatidea:Youcanwatchanyone,anywhere,live?However,Chinahastakenlivestreamingtoawholenewlevel.

InChina,millionsofviewersmonthlywatchalivestreamingvideo.Forbesthoughtthatanumberoffactorshad

ledtothepopularityofthelivestreaming.Amongthemisviewers9abilitytointeractwithunknownnames.

However,thequickdevelopmentofsocialmediamaybehavingsideeffectstoo.Fakenewsisoneserious

problemitcauses.Materialssharedontheseplatformsareoftennotcheckedforaccuracy（準確，精確）.Themost

basiccontent（內(nèi)容）canbefalseandcanmisleadusersonewayoranother.Weusesocialmediaallthetime,which

doesn'tmeanthatweunderstandtheinfluenceitishavingonus.Weshouldbemindfulofboththetimewespend

onitanditspowerfuleffectonourminds.

11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“volatility“inParagraph2possiblymean?

A.Beingchangeable.B.Beingvaluable.

C.Beingcomfortable.D.Beinginternational.

12.AccordingtoLizaKoshy,whyareshortvideoappsverypopular?

A.Theyareveryconvenient.

B.Theyhelppeoplekilltime.

C.Theyprovideasenseofcommunity.

D.Theyallowpeopletoexpressthemselves.

13.Whatdoweknowaboutsocialmedia?

A.Livestreamingisthemostpopularwayofoursocialmedialife.

B.Peoplecan'tcommunicatewitheachotherwithoutsocialmedia.

C.Thereisstillmuchroomforsocialmediatomakeimprovement.

D.Takingshortvideosisthebestwayforteenagerstoexpressthemselves.

14.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusinthepassage?

A.Shortvideoappswilltaketheworldbystorminthefuture.

B.Socialmediacanhelpyouturnintocelebritiesveryquickly.

C.Peoplecanshareanyinterestingmaterialsontheplatformswithoutchecking.

D.Ifswisetothinkoverboththetimeandtheeffectwhenweusesocialmedia.

<4>

（2024?四川南充?二模）ThefilmYOLO（YouOnlyLiveOnce）directedbyJiaLing,China'smost

successfulfemalefilmmakerhasbecomeahitrecently.Inthefilm,JiaplaysLeYing,ajoblesswomaninher

thirtieswhostillliveswithherparentsuntiloneday,shemeetsaboxingcoach（拳擊教練），HaoKun（playedby

LeiJiayin）,andlaterfindsstrengthandhopeinboxingtrainingandchangesherlife.Theactress-directorlost50

kiloswhichbecameahottopicinsocialmedia.

Afterwatchingthefilm,manypeoplestarttryingtoloseweight.Somepeopleplantojoingyms,butnotall

ofthemcansticktoexercise.Sohowdoyoumakesureyoufindagymyoulike,andmoreimportantly,onewhere

youfeelcomfortable?

Toanswerthequestions,JarrodSaracco,afitness（健身）coachwith20yearsofexperienceinthefield,

giveshisadvice."Fromthemomentyouwalkin,itshouldbeabouttheenergyandtheexperience.Dotheygreet

you?Dopeopleworkingoutlooklikethey'rehavingagoodtime?”

However,therearesomanygymsinChina,sochoosingtherightonemaytakeyoualittletime.Hereare

sometipsabouthowtochooseagoodgym.

Findagymclosetoyourhome.Youcanwalktothegymtodosomesports.It'sbettertodrivelessthan15

minutes.Ifyoufindagoodplacetoparkyourcar,yourchoicemayberight.

Visitatyourbestworkouttime.Saturdayafternoonmaybetherighthourtocheckoutagym.Youcango

andhavealookatit.Ifitisverycrowded,tryanothergym.

Checkforcleanmachines.Keepingthingscleanornotmeansthegymisgoodorbad.Aprofessionalstaff

membershouldalsobewiping（擦拭）downmachinesintheday.Whileyouarevisiting,watchtoseewhether

there'sastrictruleofwipingdowneverythingafteruse.Ifnot,tryanothergym.

15.Whichofthefollowingisrightaccordingtothepassage?

A.Inthemovie,LeYingmetHaoKuninthegymwheresheworked.

B.ItbecameahottopicinsocialmediathatJiaLinglost50fans.

C.ThefilmYOLOwasdirectedbyChina,smostsuccessfulmalefilmmaker.

D.Itmeansmoretopeopletofeelcomfortableinagym.

16.If,thegymisagoodchoice.

A.ittakeslessthan15minutestowalkthere

B.manypeopleworkoutthereandtheyseemtoenjoythemselves

C.thecoachesthereareenergetic,experiencedandgood-looking

D.themachinestherearealwayscleanedwell

17.Howmanypiecesofadviceonthetopicdoesthewriteroffer?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.None.

18.Whichisthestructureofthepassage?

A.①②/③/④⑤⑥⑦B.①/②③④/⑤⑥⑦

C.①/②③/④⑤⑥⑦D.①②③/④⑤⑥/⑦

19.Whatisthebesttitleofthearticle?

A.YOLO-AGreatMovie!B.LefsGoToGyms!

C.CheckforCleanMachines!D.StickToExercise!

<5>

（2024?北京房山?一模）Canyouseetheglassashalffull,ratherthanhalfempty?Areyoualwayslooking

onthebrightsideoflife?Ifso,youmightbeanoptimist.

Anoptimistissomeonewhoishopefulaboutthefutureandtendstoexpectthatgoodthingswillhappen.A

numberofstudieshaveshownthatoptimistsenjoyhigherlevelsofhappiness,bettersleep,lowerstressandeven

bettercardiovascular（心血管的）healthandimmune（免疫的）function.Andnow,astudyconnectsbeingan

optimistwithalongerlife.

Researchersfollowedthelifespan（壽命）ofsome160,000womenaged50to79for26years.Theywere

dividedintotwogroupsbycompletingaself-reportmeasureofoptimism.Womenwiththehighestscoreswere

consideredoptimists.Thosewiththelowestscoreswereconsideredpessimists.Then,theresearchersfollowedup

withthestudy.Theyfoundthatthosewhohadthehighestlevelsofoptimismweremorelikelytolivelonger.So

whyisitthatoptimistslivelonger?

Onepossiblereasonisthatitcouldberelatedwiththeirhealthierlifestyles.Forexample,researchfrom

severalstudieshasfoundthatoptimismisrelatedwitheatingahealthydiet,stayingphysicallyactiveandbeingless

likelytosmokecigarettes.Thesehealthybehaviorsarewellknowntoimprovehearthealthandreducetheriskfor

cardiovasculardisease.Acceptingahealthylifestyleisalsoimportantforreducingtheriskofotherpotentially

deadlydiseases,suchascancer.

Anotherpossiblereasoncouldbethewayoptimistsmanagestress.Whenfacedwithastressfulsituation,

optimistswillreducestresslevelsandboostthepowertotakesteps.Theyusemethodstosolvethesourceofthe

stress,orlookatthesituationinalessstressfulway.Forexample,optimistswillplanwaystodealwiththematter,

callonothersforsupportortrytofindhopeinthestressfulsituation.

Inshort,thewaysoptimistsdealwithstressmighthelpprotectthemsomewhatagainstitsharmfuleffects.

Bethepersonwholooksattheglasshalffull.Appreciatethelittlethingsinyourlifeandfaceyourproblemswitha

smileandatake-chargeattitude.Optimismisthebesttoolwhenitcomestochangingyouroutlookonlife.

HALFHALF

FULL

20.Accordingtothepassage,whoisprobablyanoptimist?

A.Tomisupsetonrainyorsnowydays.

B.Lucyisunwillingtoaskothersforsupport.

C.ChriskeepsvolunteeringattheNursingHome.

D.Marrybelievesshecansolvetheproblemshemeets.

21.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Peoplewhoseehalf-emptyglassaremorehopeful.

B.Healthylifestylewillhelptreatcardiovasculardisease.

C.Optimismisrelatedwithbeinglikelytosmokecigarettes.

D.Optimistsmayenjoylongerlifespanthanthelessoptimisticones.

22.Theword“boost“inParagraph5isclosestinmeaningto"

A.shareB.increaseC.loseD.limit

23.Whatisthewriter'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?

A.Tocallonpeopletobeoptimistictowardslife.

B.Togivesuggestionsonhowtodealwithstress.

C.Toshowtheresultsofastudyonhealthylifestyles.

D.Totelltheeffectsofbeingoptimisticamongwomen.

<6>

（2024?山東?一模）

Confucianism（儒家思想），thewayoflifedevelopedbyConfucius,hasbeenfollowedbyChinesepeoplefor

morethantwothousandyears.

FiveConstants（五常）----ren,yifli,zhi,xin------ispartofConfucianismandtheyhelppeopleunderstand

howtobehavetowardsothers.Theyaregeneralvirtues（美德）aroundtheworld.Themostimportanttwoareren

andli.

Renisthefeelingofcareandloveweshouldhaveforothers.Confuciusexplainedrencouldbestbe

understoodaslovingothers.Heisfamousforteachingpeople4tWhatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdoto

others”.ItisquitesimilartowhatisknownintheWestastheGoldenRule（treatothersasyouwishtobetreated）.

Whilethemeaningofreniseasytounderstand,liisalittlehardertoexpress.Itcanbethoughtofasdutyor

evenrespect.Generally,liisthewayweshouldconnectwithpeopleinoureverydaylife.InConfucianwritings,

discussionsaboutliincludetheproperwaytodrinkteaandhowtorememberancestors（祖先）.Whilerenismostly

aboutouropinionsandfeelings,liisabouthowweexpressouropinionsandfeelingstowardsothersandtowards

theworldaroundus.

AlthoughXiaoisn'toneofFiveConstants,ifsthebasicConfucianvirtue.Xiaomeansloving,respecting,

obeyingandtakingcareofone'sparentsintheiroldage.InConfucianism,xiaoisimportantforaharmonious（和

諧的）society:Withoutit,thewholeworldwouldfallintoamess.

24.WhicharethemostimportantoftheFiveConstants?

A.Renandyi.B.Renandli.C.Liandxin.D.Yiandzhi.

25.WhatisthebestChinesefortheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3?

A.博學(xué)于文，約之以禮。B.學(xué)而不思則罔，思而不學(xué)則殆。

C.己所不欲，勿施于人。D.君子和而不同，小人同而不和。

26.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleof〃？

A.Buildingapeacefulsociety.B.Takingcareofone'schildren.

C.Learningallthroughone'slife.D.Obeyingrulesfordrinkingtea.

27.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Fiveconstantsmainlyteachushowtoloveourselves.

B.TheGoldenRuleinthewesthasalotincommonwithRen.

C.Renisaboutthewayweshowourfeelingsando