陜西省榆林市2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1陜西省榆林市2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題第一部分：聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題，每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.?9.18.C.?9.15.〖答案〗是C。1.Whatruinedthepicnic?A.Thebadfood.B.Theterribleweather.C.Theroughmountainroad.2.WhatwillthespeakersprobablydoonSaturday?A.Borrowbooks.B.Visitachildren’spark.C.Attendabooksale.3.HowisSophiefeelingnow?A.Confused.B.Worried.C.Excited.4.Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandsecretary.B.Customerandwaitress.C.Interviewerandinterviewee.5.Howmuchmoneywillthewomanpay?A.$6.B.$8.C.$10.第二節(jié)（共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhydoesDanielAdamsmakethecall?A.Tocancelaflight.B.Tobookanairticket.C.Toconfirmareservation.7.WhatisDaniel’sflightlike?A.It’snotadirectone.B.Itchangestheflightnumber.C.Itdelaysitsdeparturetime.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Wherearethespeakers?A.Intheman’shouse.B.Inaclothingstore.C.Inadesigncompany.9.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutherbusiness?A.Itfocusesonpersonalneeds.B.Itonlyprovidesformalclothing.C.Itattractsmainlyyoungcustomers.10.Whenwilltheweddingtakeplace?A.Inoneweek.B.Infourweeks.C.Inoneyear.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whydoesthemanhaveatoothacheaccordingtothewoman?A.Hehastakentoomuchhardfood.B.Heseldombrushedhisteethaftermeals.C.Hehaseatentoomanycandybars.12.Howmanytimesshouldthemantakethewhitepillseveryday?A.Once.B.Twice.C.Threetimes.13.Whatisthewoman’slastsuggestion?A.Stoppingeatingcandy.B.Goingtoseeadoctor.C.Brushinghisteethcarefully.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.WhydidthemangotoNewYork?A.Fortravel.B.Onbusiness.C.Forhisresearch.15.Howdoesthemancollectthedataheneeds?A.Bysearchingonline.B.Bycarryingoutsurveys.C.Bymakingacall.16.Whatmakesmorepeoplebuygreenproducts?A.Price.B.Convenience.C.Environmentalconcerns.17.What’sthewoman’sattitudetogreenproducts?A.Supportive.B.Curious.C.Cautious.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatdidtheteammembersdobeforethematch?A.Theyshotsomepictures.B.Theygaveinterviews.C.Theygreetedeachother.19.Whyarethefansofthegoalkeeperupset?A.Hehasgothurt.B.Hehasmissedtheball.C.Hehasgoneagainstrules.20.WhatisthefinalscorebetweentheSharksUnitedandtheSpicyChickens?A.4:4.B.4:5.C.5:4.第二部分：閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AFourBestZoosintheUKLondonZooEstablishedin1828,LondonZooistheoldestscientificzoointheworld.ItissituatedinRegent’sParkandishometoaround755differentanimalspecieswithabout16,802animals.Inadditiontobeingfamousforbeingtheoldestscientificzoo,it’salsotheveryfirstzootolaunchanAquarium,anInsectHouse,aChildren’sZooandaReptileHouse.Ticketpricesonline:Children￡15andadults￡21.Under3—freeentry.ColchesterZooThischarmingchild-friendlyzoohasmorethan155specieslocatedwithin60acresofwell-keptland.Ithasatleast50displayseveryday,plentyofhands-onexperienceopportunitiesand5playareas.Itremainsup-to-datebyexpandingcontinuouslyandchildrenareguaranteedtoenjoytheMadagascarexpressroadtrain.Ticketpricesonline:Children￡14andadults￡21.Under3—freeentry.WhipsnadeZooWhipsnadeZooistheUK’sbiggestzoosetinover600acresofbeautifulscenery.Itfirstopenedin1931andnowhouses227differentspeciesthatcompriseover10,000animals.Theremarkablefeatureofthiszooisthewanderingherdsofelephantsthatfreelymovearoundthezoogrounds,makingitawonderfulplacetotakeexcellentnaturalpicturestoshowofftofriendsandfamily.Ticketpricesonline:Children￡18andadults￡25.Under3—freeentry.BristolZooThis12-acrezoohousesmorethan450species.Moreover,ithasuseditsspaceresourcefullyforasmallzoo—probablyoneofthesmallestintheworld.Forexample,thelatestGorillaHouseisanaward-winningareawiththeworld’sfirstwalkableglassroof.Ticketpricesonline:Children￡9andadults￡14.Under2—noentryfee.1.Whichistheoldestscientificzoointheworld?A.ColchesterZoo. B.LondonZoo. C.WhipsnadeZoo. D.BristolZoo.2.Acouplewitha2-year-oldkidshouldpay______tovisitthelargestzoointheUK.A.￡25 B.￡43 C.￡50 D.￡633.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.PeoplecanvisittheInsectHouseinallofthefourzoos.B.Thereareatleast60displaysinColchesterZooeveryday.C.Kidswhoareunder3canvisitthefourbestzoosforfree.D.VisitorscantakepicturesonawalkableglassroofinBristolZoo.〖答案〗1.B2.C3.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了英國(guó)最好的四家動(dòng)物園的特色和票價(jià)等信息。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Establishedin1828,LondonZooistheoldestscientificzoointheworld.”（倫敦動(dòng)物園成立于1828年，是世界上最古老的科學(xué)動(dòng)物園。）可知，世界上最古老的科學(xué)動(dòng)物園是倫敦動(dòng)物園。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“WhipsnadeZooistheUK’sbiggestzoosetinover600acresofbeautifulscenery.Ticketpricesonline:Children￡18andadults￡25.Under3—freeentry.”（惠普斯納德動(dòng)物園是英國(guó)最大的動(dòng)物園，占地超過(guò)600英畝的美麗風(fēng)景。在線門票價(jià)格：兒童18英鎊，成人25英鎊。3歲以下免費(fèi)入場(chǎng)。）可知，一對(duì)帶著2歲孩子的夫婦參觀英國(guó)最大的動(dòng)物園需要支付的費(fèi)用是25英鎊（成人）+25英鎊（成人）=50英鎊。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Forexample,thelatestGorillaHouseisanaward-winningareawiththeworld’sfirstwalkableglassroof.”（例如，最新的大猩猩館是一個(gè)獲獎(jiǎng)區(qū)域，擁有世界上第一個(gè)可步行的玻璃屋頂。）可知，游客可以在布里斯托爾動(dòng)物園的可行走玻璃屋頂上拍照。故選D。BManypeoplerecognizethenameofthegreatItalianartistLeonardodaVinci.FarfewhaveheardofAlbrechtDurer,knownbythosewithexpertiseinartasthe“LeonardooftheNorth”.Duringhisyouth,AlbrechtDurerapprenticed(當(dāng)學(xué)徒工)withhisfather,whowasagoldsmith,andalsowithalocalpainter.Butheshowedaremarkabletalentforprintmaking,whichatthetimewasthemainmethodofillustratingbooks.Thisartforminvolvedcarvinganimageintoablockofwood,inkingthewoodandthenpressingitagainstpaperorcloth.Durer’sskillfulcarvingandprintingresultedinbeautifulprints.HisdecisiontobecomeaprintmakerratherthanagoldsmithdisappointedhisfatherbutbenefitedDurerthroughouthisadultlife.Fromtimetotime,deadlydiseasesbrokeoutinDurer’shometownofNuremburg,Germany.ThisdangerwasonereasonwhyDurerdecidedtoleaveNuremburgtwicetovisitItaly.HewasalsofascinatedbyItaly’sRenaissanceculture.Whilethere,heabsorbedItalianphilosophy,scienceandartistictechniques.HealsoservedastheofficialcourtartisttotwoHolyRomanEmperors.Durerwasextremelydiligentregardingthedetailsofhisartworkasevidencedinhisnaturepieces.TheseincludeYoungHare,whichcorrectlycapturestheenergyofalargehareevenwhileitissittingstill,andRhinoceros,whichwassocorrectthatitwasincludedinscientificdocumentsforyears.ThesameattentiontodetailscanbeseeninDurer’searlyself-portraits(自畫(huà)像).Thefirstonethathemadeatageof13showsayoungboywithchildishfeatures.Asecondself-portraitthathemadeatage22displaysamorematureindividualwhohasagreatersenseofhimself.Inaself-portraitdoneatage26,heisafinelydressedgentleman,reflectinghisriseinstatuswithintheprintmakingcommunity.4.What’sthefunctionofParagraph1?A.Tosharearesearchfinding. B.Tointroduceatopic.C.Topresentaseriousproblem. D.Toshowtheauthor’sexperience.5.WhatmadeDurer’sfatherdisappointed?A.Durer’sleavinghismotherland. B.Durer’srefusaltobeapainter.C.Durer’schoiceofprofession. D.Durer’sbadhealthcondition.6.WherecanDurer’sfocusondetailsbeseen?A.Inhisresearchinscientificdocuments. B.Inhissocialrelationshipwithotherpainters.C.Inhisrisingstatusinthefieldofdrawing. D.Inhisaccurateimageoflivingcreatures.7.Inwhichcolumnofawebsitecanwereadthepassage?A.AmazingArt B.EngineeringandComputingC.NewsandEvents D.ScienceMatters〖答案〗4.B5.C6.D7.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了藝術(shù)家阿爾布雷希特·丟勒的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷以及畫(huà)作特點(diǎn)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“ManypeoplerecognizethenameofthegreatItalianartistLeonardodaVinci.FarfewhaveheardofAlbrechtDurer,knownbythosewithexpertiseinartasthe“LeonardooftheNorth”.(許多人都知道偉大的意大利藝術(shù)家達(dá)·芬奇的名字。很少有人聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)阿爾布雷希特·丟勒，他被藝術(shù)專家稱為“北方的列奧納多”。)”可知，第一段的作用是引入一個(gè)話題。故選B。【5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“HisdecisiontobecomeaprintmakerratherthanagoldsmithdisappointedhisfatherbutbenefitedDurerthroughouthisadultlife.(他決定成為一名版畫(huà)家而不是金匠，這讓他的父親失望，但卻使他在整個(gè)成年生活中受益。)”可知，丟勒的職業(yè)選擇讓丟勒的父親失望。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“TheseincludeYoungHare,whichcorrectlycapturestheenergyofalargehareevenwhileitissittingstill,andRhinoceros,whichwassocorrectthatitwasincludedinscientificdocumentsforyears.(其中包括“青年野兔”，它能準(zhǔn)確地捕捉到一頭大牛靜止不動(dòng)時(shí)的能量，還有“犀牛”，它的準(zhǔn)確性如此之高，以至于多年來(lái)一直被收錄在科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)中。)”可知，對(duì)生物的準(zhǔn)確描繪可以看出丟勒對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的關(guān)注。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“ManypeoplerecognizethenameofthegreatItalianartistLeonardodaVinci.FarfewhaveheardofAlbrechtDurer,knownbythosewithexpertiseinartasthe“LeonardooftheNorth”.(許多人都知道偉大的意大利藝術(shù)家達(dá)·芬奇的名字。很少有人聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)阿爾布雷希特·丟勒，他被藝術(shù)專家稱為“北方的列奧納多”。)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了藝術(shù)家阿爾布雷希特·丟勒的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷以及畫(huà)作特點(diǎn)。可知，我們可以在網(wǎng)站的“驚人的藝術(shù)”中閱讀這篇文章。故選A。CAmajormeetingofcomputerhackers(黑客)plannedforthissummeristoincludeaneventthatwilltestthelimitsofartificialintelligence(AI)tools.Theevent,inAugust,willbeheldaspartoftheyearlyDEFCONhackermeetinginLasVegas,Nevada.Organizerssaythemeetingprovidesachanceforhackerstohearfromleadingindustryofficialsaboutthelatestdevelopmentsincomputersecurity.Italsoincludeshackingcompetitions.Thisyear,severalmajorAIdeveloperswilltakepartinDEFCON.AmongthemwillbeOpenAI,whichlauncheditslatestAImodel,ChatGPT-4,inMarch.RecentlyreleasedAItoolsarebuiltbyfeedinghugeamountsofinformationintomachinelearningcomputersystems.ThedatatrainstheAIsystemstodevelopcomplexskillsandproducehuman-likeresults.Expertshavewarnedthatsuchsystemsmaybringmajorchangestomanydifferentjobsandindustries.Itaffectseveryonefrommanagerstoworkerstohousewives.Theyalsofearthetools,knownas“chatbots”,couldgreatlyincreasetheamountofmisinformationinthenewsmediaandonsocialmedia.Chowdhury,anorganizerofthehackingevent,saystheresultsoftheeventcanprovidehelpfulinformationtocompanieslookingatwaystosafelyusethefast-developingAIsystems.Shenotesthatthehackers’workwillnotendafterthegathering.Theywillspendmonthsafterwardcreatingreportsontheirfindingsandidentifyingspecificsystemvulnerabilities(漏洞).JackClarkistheco-founderofAIdeveloperAnthropic.HesayshehopestheDEFCONeventwillleadtodeepercommitmentsfromAIdeveloperstomeasureandtestthesafetyoftheirsystems.Forthistohappen,though,AIsystemswillneedtobeexaminedbythirdpartiesbothbeforeandafterdeployment(部署).“Weneedtogetpracticeatfiguringouthowtodothis.Ithasn’treallybeendonebefore,”hesays.8.Hackerscanlearn______fromthismeeting.A.thelatestdevelopmentsincomputersecurityB.therulesofAItoolcompetitionsC.theapplicationofmodelChatGPT-4D.thefutureofhackersinthecomputerfield9.What’stheexperts’attitudetowardstheAIsystem?A.Uncaring. B.Favorable. C.Positive. D.Negative.10.WhatcanbeconcludedfromChowdhury’swords?A.ThereportsacceleratethedevelopmentofAI.B.AIsystemsneedtobeinspectedbythethirdparties.C.Theactivityofimprovingnetworksecuritywillnotstop.D.Thecurrentnetworksystemisapproachingperfection.11.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A.AIusersmusttestthesecurityoftheircomputersystems.B.AIdevelopersmayoverlooktheshortcomingsoftheirownproducts.C.AIsystemsdevelopcomplexskillsandproduceresultssimilartothoseofhumans.D.TheDEFCONeventwillencouragecompaniestodevelopnewproducts.〖答案〗8.A9.D10.C11.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要報(bào)道了即將舉行的計(jì)算機(jī)黑客會(huì)議，其重點(diǎn)是測(cè)試人工智能工具的極限。會(huì)議將包括涉及人工智能如ChatGPT-4的安全性和潛在影響，組織者希望通過(guò)活動(dòng)提供安全使用AI的信息，并強(qiáng)調(diào)AI系統(tǒng)需要第三方安全檢查?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Organizerssaythemeetingprovidesachanceforhackerstohearfromleadingindustryofficialsaboutthelatestdevelopmentsincomputersecurity.(組織者說(shuō)，這次會(huì)議為黑客們提供了一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，讓他們從業(yè)界的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)那里了解到計(jì)算機(jī)安全的最新發(fā)展)”可知，黑客們能從這次會(huì)議中了解到計(jì)算機(jī)安全方面的最新發(fā)展。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Expertshavewarnedthatsuchsystemsmaybringmajorchangestomanydifferentjobsandindustries.Theyalsofearthetools,knownas“chatbots”,couldgreatlyincreasetheamountofmisinformationinthenewsmediaandonsocialmedia.”（專家警告說(shuō)，這樣的系統(tǒng)可能會(huì)對(duì)許多不同的工作和行業(yè)帶來(lái)重大變化。他們還擔(dān)心，被稱為“聊天機(jī)器人”的工具可能會(huì)大大增加新聞媒體和社交媒體上的錯(cuò)誤信息。）可知，專家對(duì)AI系統(tǒng)的態(tài)度是消極的。故選D?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Shenotesthatthehackers’workwillnotendafterthegathering.Theywillspendmonthsafterwardcreatingreportsontheirfindingsandidentifyingspecificsystemvulnerabilities(漏洞).(她指出，黑客的工作不會(huì)在會(huì)議結(jié)束后結(jié)束。之后，他們會(huì)花幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間創(chuàng)建關(guān)于他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)和識(shí)別特定系統(tǒng)漏洞的報(bào)告。)”可知，Chowdhury指出黑客的工作仍將繼續(xù)，會(huì)報(bào)告他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)和識(shí)別特定系統(tǒng)漏洞。由此可知，Chowdhury會(huì)同意“提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的行動(dòng)不會(huì)停止”的觀點(diǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“HesayshehopestheDEFCONeventwillleadtodeepercommitmentsfromAIdeveloperstomeasureandtestthesafetyoftheirsystems.Forthistohappen,though,AIsystemswillneedtobeexaminedbythirdpartiesbothbeforeandafterdeployment(部署).(他說(shuō)，他希望DEFCON活動(dòng)將促使人工智能開(kāi)發(fā)人員做出更深入的承諾，以衡量和測(cè)試其系統(tǒng)的安全性。不過(guò)，要實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)，人工智能系統(tǒng)在部署之前和之后都需要由第三方進(jìn)行檢查。)”可推知，人工智能開(kāi)發(fā)人員可能會(huì)忽視自己產(chǎn)品的缺點(diǎn)，因此其系統(tǒng)的安全性需要被三方檢查和測(cè)試。故選B項(xiàng)。DOnelonggrayshipatthePortofLosAngelesisdoingitsparttocombatclimatechange.Ontheship,whichbelongstoCaptura,aLosAngeles-basedstartup,isasystemthattakesintoseawaterandsucksoutCO2,whichcanbeusedforvariouspurposesorburied.Thedecarbonated(不含二氧化碳的)seawaterisreturnedtotheocean,whereitabsorbsmoreCO2fromtheatmosphere,inasmallstrikeagainstthemassiveriseofthegreenhousegas.Afterayearlongexperiment,Capturaisplanningtoopena1000-ton-per-yearfacilitythatwillburythecapturedCO2inrockformationsundertheNorthSea.Equatic,anotherLosAngeles-basedstartup,islaunchinganevenlarger3650-ton-per-yearoceanCO2captureplantthisyearinSingapore.SupporterssaycapturingCO2fromtheoceanshouldbeeasierandcheaperthanaseeminglymoredirectapproach:extractingitdirectlyfromtheair.Directaircapture,whichreliesonfanstosweepairpastabsorbentchemicals,currentlycostsbetween$600to$1,000pertonofCO2removed,largelybecauseatmosphericCO2issothin,makinguplessthan0.05%oftheair.Earth’soceans,incontrast,holdthegasataconcentrationnearly150timeshigher,andabsorbroughly30%ofallCO2emissionseachyear.CompaniessaytheyshouldultimatelybeabletocaptureCO2at$100perton,orless.Oceancaptureadvocatesareseekinggovernmentsupport.IntheUS,directaircaptureplantsearna$180taxcreditpertonofremovedCO2,butOceaneffortscurrentlydon’tqualify.“Asimilartaxincentive(激勵(lì)政策)forwater-basedCO2removalisabsolutelyneeded,”saysRubenBrands,CEOofEquatic.Evenifthetechnologytakesoff,itwillhavetoscaleupmassivelytomakeameaningcontributioninoffsettingglobalemissions.AccordingtotheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,by2050wewillneedtoremovesome5billiontonsofCO2everyyeartolimittheglobaltemperatureincreaseto1.5℃.Sofar,theoceancapturecompaniesarepullingoutonlythousandsoftons.MatthewEisaman,achiefscientistatCaptura,says,“Wehaveanenormouschallengeaheadofus.”12.Howdoestheauthorstartthepassage?A.Bylistingdata. B.Bygivinganexample.C.Byquotingasaying. D.Bymakingacomparision.13.WhatmakesextractingCO2fromtheoceaneasierandcheaper?A.CO2isnaturallymoreconcentratedinseawater. B.CO2inseawaterismoreabsorbent.C.CO2isstoredinsolidforminseawater. D.CO2intheoceanismorereadilyaccessible.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offsetting”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Breakingout. B.Findingout. C.Cancelingout. D.Turningout.15.Whichmaybethesuitabletitleofthepassage?A.TheImpactofClimateChangeonOceanB.UsingTechnologytoFightAgainstOceanPollutionC.CombiningOceanCO2CapturewithAirCaptureD.ExploringOceanicSolutionsforReducingCO2Emissions〖答案〗12.B13.A14.C15.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是新聞報(bào)道。文章主要報(bào)道了幾家初創(chuàng)企業(yè)正在探索利用新技術(shù)從海洋中捕獲并處理二氧化碳，以減少溫室氣體排放，對(duì)抗氣候變化的創(chuàng)新做法。【12題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“OnelonggrayshipatthePortofLosAngelesisdoingitsparttocombatclimatechange.Ontheship,whichbelongstoCaptura,aLosAngeles-basedstartup,isasystemthattakesintoseawaterandsucksoutCO2,whichcanbeusedforvariouspurposesorburied.Thedecarbonated(不含二氧化碳的)seawaterisreturnedtotheocean,whereitabsorbsmoreCO2fromtheatmosphere,inasmallstrikeagainstthemassiveriseofthegreenhousegas.(洛杉磯港的一艘灰色長(zhǎng)船正在為應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化盡自己的一份力量。這艘船屬于位于洛杉磯的初創(chuàng)公司Captura，船上有一個(gè)系統(tǒng)，可以吸收海水并吸收二氧化碳，這些二氧化碳可以用于各種目的或被掩埋。脫碳的海水被送回海洋，在那里它從大氣中吸收更多的二氧化碳，作為對(duì)溫室氣體大規(guī)模上升的一次小打擊)”可知，作者通過(guò)舉例子開(kāi)始文章。故選B。【13題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“SupporterssaycapturingCO2fromtheoceanshouldbeeasierandcheaperthanaseeminglymoredirectapproach:extractingitdirectlyfromtheair.Directaircapture,whichreliesonfanstosweepairpastabsorbentchemicals,currentlycostsbetween$600to$1,000pertonofCO2removed,largelybecauseatmosphericCO2issothin,makinguplessthan0.05%oftheair.Earth’soceans,incontrast,holdthegasataconcentrationnearly150timeshigher,andabsorbroughly30%ofallCO2emissionseachyear.(支持者說(shuō)，從海洋中捕獲二氧化碳應(yīng)該比直接從空氣中提取二氧化碳更容易、更便宜。直接空氣捕集依靠風(fēng)扇將空氣掃過(guò)吸收性化學(xué)物質(zhì)，目前每噸二氧化碳的捕集成本在600到1000美元之間，主要是因?yàn)榇髿庵械亩趸挤浅Ｏ”。徽伎諝獾?.05%。相比之下，地球上的海洋所含的二氧化碳濃度是地球的近150倍，每年吸收大約30%的二氧化碳排放)”可知，因?yàn)槎趸荚诤Ｋ械臐舛茸匀桓?，所以從海洋中提取二氧化碳變得更容易、更便宜。故選A。【14題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Evenifthetechnologytakesoff,itwillhavetoscaleupmassivelytomakeameaningcontributionin”以及后文“AccordingtotheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,by2050wewillneedtoremovesome5billiontonsofCO2everyyeartolimittheglobaltemperatureincreaseto1.5℃.Sofar,theoceancapturecompaniesarepullingoutonlythousandsoftons.(根據(jù)政府間氣候變化專門委員會(huì)的數(shù)據(jù)，到2050年，我們將需要每年消除約50億噸二氧化碳，以將全球氣溫上升限制在1.5℃以內(nèi)。到目前為止，海洋捕集公司只捕獲了數(shù)千噸)”可知，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)必須大規(guī)模擴(kuò)大規(guī)模，才能在抵消全球排放方面做出有意義的貢獻(xiàn)。故劃線詞意思是“抵消”。故選C?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“OnelonggrayshipatthePortofLosAngelesisdoingitsparttocombatclimatechange.Ontheship,whichbelongstoCaptura,aLosAngeles-basedstartup,isasystemthattakesintoseawaterandsucksoutCO2,whichcanbeusedforvariouspurposesorburied.Thedecarbonated(不含二氧化碳的)seawaterisreturnedtotheocean,whereitabsorbsmoreCO2fromtheatmosphere,inasmallstrikeagainstthemassiveriseofthegreenhousegas.(這艘船屬于位于洛杉磯的初創(chuàng)公司Captura，船上有一個(gè)系統(tǒng)，可以吸收海水并吸出二氧化碳，這些二氧化碳可以用于各種目的或被掩埋。脫碳后的海水被送回海洋，在那里它從大氣中吸收更多的二氧化碳，作為對(duì)溫室氣體大規(guī)模上升的一次小打擊)”以及縱觀全文可知，文章主要介紹了幾家初創(chuàng)企業(yè)正在探索利用海洋減少二氧化碳排放的解決方案，因此最適合的標(biāo)題是D項(xiàng)“探索減少二氧化碳排放的海洋解決方案”。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Socialmediaplatformsarefilledwithindividualsproudlysharingtheirrapidmasteringofalanguage.___16___Thesecretliesinouraddictiontoinstantsatisfactionpromisedbysomelanguageapps.However,besidestheseapps,herearesomewaystohelpyoulearnanewlanguage:◆Beachild,watchcartoons___17___TheycanbefoundonYOUKU.Thesecartoonsareoftenmadeupofbasicphrasesandwordsthatonewouldlearnatbeginner’slevel.◆___18___Ifwatchingcartoonsisnotyourcupoftea,fearnot,forthereisthealternativeoflisteningtopodcasts(播客)andsongs.Notonlycanyoupickupphrasesandidioms,butyoucanalsodevelopyourappreciationfortheculture.◆LetthewordsflowTalkingtowaitstaffatnativerestaurantscanhelpwithyourlanguageskills.___19___Tellthemaboutyourday.Asyougrowmoreconfident,workuptoanativespeaker.◆AforeignstampAcommonlyoverlookedmethodistokeepapenpal.Throughtheexchangeofletters,younotonlygettopractiseyourwritingskillsbutcanalsogetafriend.___20___Nomatterwhichapproachyouchoose,it’simportanttorevisitthelanguageyouarelearningeveryday,evenifit’sjustfor15minutes.A.Turnthevolumeup.B.WheredotheyoftenpracticeoralEnglish?C.Neverstresstheminpronunciation.D.Toavoidtheriskofmakingmistakesinpublicyoucanstartbyspeakingtoyourpets.E.Overall,continuouspracticeiskeytounlockingthedoorofmastery.F.Oneofthemostcommonadviceforlanguagelearnersistowatchchildren’scartoons.G.Wheredoesthesecretlie?〖答案〗16.G17.F18.A19.D20.E【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。短文介紹了一些方法可以幫助你學(xué)習(xí)一門新語(yǔ)言?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Thesecretliesinouraddictiontoinstantsatisfactionpromisedbysomelanguageapps.”（秘密在于我們沉迷于一些語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用程序所承諾的即時(shí)滿足感。）可知，選項(xiàng)回答了上文“秘密是什么”。所以G選項(xiàng)“秘密是什么？”切題。故選G項(xiàng)。【17題詳析】根據(jù)下文“TheycanbefoundonYOUKU.Thesecartoonsareoftenmadeupofbasicphrasesandwordsthatonewouldlearnatbeginner’slevel.”（可以在優(yōu)酷上找到。這些漫畫(huà)通常是由基本的短語(yǔ)和單詞組成的，一個(gè)人會(huì)在初學(xué)者的水平上學(xué)習(xí)。）可知，選項(xiàng)承接下文說(shuō)明看動(dòng)畫(huà)片有益于語(yǔ)言的學(xué)習(xí)。故F項(xiàng)“對(duì)于語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者來(lái)說(shuō)，最常見(jiàn)的建議之一就是看兒童動(dòng)畫(huà)片?！鼻蓄}。故選F項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Ifwatchingcartoonsisnotyourcupoftea,fearnot,forthereisthealternativeoflisteningtopodcasts（播客）andsongs.”（如果你不喜歡看動(dòng)畫(huà)片，別擔(dān)心，你還可以選擇聽(tīng)播客和歌曲。）可知，本段主要告訴學(xué)習(xí)者可以用“聽(tīng)”的方法來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言。故A選項(xiàng)“把音量調(diào)大一點(diǎn)”切題，為本段的標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。【19題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Talkingtowaitstaffatnativerestaurantscanhelpwithyourlanguageskills.”（在當(dāng)?shù)夭宛^和服務(wù)員交談?dòng)兄谔岣吣愕恼Z(yǔ)言技能。）以及下文“Tellthemaboutyourday.”（告訴他們你的一天）可知，選項(xiàng)承上啟下說(shuō)明可以采取的措施來(lái)提高說(shuō)的能力。pets呼應(yīng)them。故D選項(xiàng)“為了避免在公共場(chǎng)合犯錯(cuò)，你可以從和你的寵物說(shuō)話開(kāi)始?！鼻蓄}。故選D項(xiàng)。【20題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Nomatterwhichapproachyouchoose,it’simportanttorevisitthelanguageyouarelearningeveryday,evenifit’sjustfor15minutes.”（無(wú)論你選擇哪種方法，每天重新學(xué)習(xí)你正在學(xué)習(xí)的語(yǔ)言是很重要的，即使只有15分鐘。）可知，選項(xiàng)總結(jié)上文承接下文說(shuō)明的重要的要練習(xí)。故E選項(xiàng)“總而言之，持續(xù)的練習(xí)是打開(kāi)精通之門的關(guān)鍵?！鼻蓄}。故選E項(xiàng)。第三部分：語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。IntheheartofCalifornia’sBerkeleycommunity,one___21___facehasstoodasaguideofsafetyandkindnessfornearlytwentyyears.AliceKayTolberthassaidfarewell(告別)toher___22___asacrossingguardatthecrossroadsofKeoncrestDriveandRoseStreet.Herretirementhasdrawnanoutpouringofloveandgratitudefromthecommunityshe___23___tirelessly.Rainorshine,MissAlicefaithfullyguided___24___safelyacrossthebusystreets,___25___notasinglechildwasinjuredunderherwatchfuleye.___26___,herimpactstretchedbeyondmeresafetymeasures.MissAlice___27___acherishedfigureforherwarmth,positivity,anddevotiontothewell-beingofeverychildsheencountered.Onherfinalday,the___28___cametogetherinaheartwarmingdisplayofappreciation.Parentsandchildren,bothpastandpresent,gatheredwithballoonsandhandmadesignsto___29___MissAlice’sremarkableservice.Even___30___students,whohadn’tneededherassistanceforyears,returnedtoexpresstheirgratitudeandbidherfarewell.PenelopePiperSoto,ayoungstudent___31___byMissAlice’skindness,sharedmemoriesofhercrossingroads:“She’llalwayshigh-fivemeinthemorningwhenIwalktoschool,andalwayssayhello,andshealwayshasa___32___onherface.OncewhenIwaslittle,Iadmiredhernecklace,anditwas___33___pretty...andshegavemethegem(寶石)thatwasonthenecklace.”Suchmemorieshighlightthe___34___impactMissAlicehadonthelivesofthosesheencountereddaily.Hersmallactsof___35___,whetheracomfortingsmileorasharedstuff,leftanunforgettablemarkontheheartsofBerkeley’sresidents.21.A.usual B.similar C.familiar D.common22.A.solution B.post C.way D.test23.A.served B.produced C.cured D.grew24.A.drivers B.teachers C.parents D.children25.A.passing B.ensuring C.occupying D.pulling26.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.However D.Otherwise27.A.became B.defensed C.predicted D.revealed28.A.salesmen B.detectives C.community D.government29.A.boost B.celebrate C.resign D.contest30.A.smarter B.smaller C.younger D.older31.A.touched B.blamed C.damaged D.disturbed32.A.prejudice B.envy C.sympathy D.smile33.A.hardly B.really C.fortunately D.suddenly34.A.pessimistic B.logical C.significant D.complex35.A.carelessness B.happiness C.sadness D.kindness〖答案〗21.C22.B23.A24.D25.B26.C27.A28.C29.B30.D31.A32.D33.B34.C35.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了在加州伯克利社區(qū)，AliceKayTolbert作為交通指揮員近二十年，深受社區(qū)居民愛(ài)戴。她退休時(shí)，社區(qū)居民紛紛表達(dá)感激之情。她的善良和奉獻(xiàn)對(duì)遇到的每個(gè)人產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在加州伯克利社區(qū)的中心，近二十年來(lái)，一個(gè)熟悉的面孔一直是安全和善良的向?qū)А.usual通常的；B.similar相似的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.common共同的。根據(jù)后文“fornearlytwentyyears”可知，工作了二十年，是熟悉的面孔。故選C。【22題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：愛(ài)麗絲·凱·托爾伯特告別了她在KeoncrestDrive和RoseStreet十字路口的交警職位。A.solution解決方案；B.post職位；C.way方法；D.test測(cè)試。根據(jù)后文“asacrossingguard”此處指交警職位。故選B?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她的退休激起了她孜孜不倦服務(wù)的社區(qū)對(duì)她的愛(ài)和感激之情。A.served服務(wù)；B.produced產(chǎn)生；C.cured治愈；D.grew成長(zhǎng)。根據(jù)上文“asacrossingguardatthecrossroadsofKeoncrestDriveandRoseStreet.”可知，她一直在這個(gè)社區(qū)服務(wù)，當(dāng)交警。故選A?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：無(wú)論晴雨，愛(ài)麗絲小姐都忠實(shí)地引導(dǎo)孩子們安全地穿過(guò)繁忙的街道，確保在她的注視下沒(méi)有一個(gè)孩子受傷。A.drivers司機(jī)；B.teachers老師；C.parents父母；D.children孩子。根據(jù)后文“notasinglechild”可知，愛(ài)麗絲小姐忠實(shí)地引導(dǎo)孩子們安全地穿過(guò)繁忙的街道，故選D?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：無(wú)論晴雨，愛(ài)麗絲小姐都忠實(shí)地引導(dǎo)孩子們安全地穿過(guò)繁忙的街道，確保在她的注視下沒(méi)有一個(gè)孩子受傷。A.passing通過(guò)；B.ensuring確保；C.occupying占據(jù)；D.pulling拉。根據(jù)后文“notasinglechildwasinjuredunderherwatchfuleye”指愛(ài)麗絲確保沒(méi)有孩子受傷。故選B?！?6題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，她的影響超出了單純的安全措施。A.Therefore因此；B.Moreover此外；C.However然而；D.Otherwise否則。結(jié)合前后文語(yǔ)境可知為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用however。故選C?！?7題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：愛(ài)麗絲小姐因?yàn)樗臒崆?、積極和對(duì)她遇到的每一個(gè)孩子的幸福的奉獻(xiàn)而成為一個(gè)受人珍視的人物。A.became成為；B.defensed防御；C.predicted預(yù)測(cè)；D.revealed揭露。根據(jù)后文“acherishedfigureforherwarmth,positivity,anddevotiontothewell-beingofeverychildsheencountered”可知，愛(ài)麗絲小姐因?yàn)樗臒崆?、積極和對(duì)她遇到的每一個(gè)孩子的幸福的奉獻(xiàn)而成為一個(gè)受人珍視的人物。故選A。【28題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在她上班的最后一天，整個(gè)社區(qū)都聚集在一起，表達(dá)了溫暖人心的感激之情。A.salesmen推銷員；B.detectives偵探；C.community社區(qū)；D.government政府。呼應(yīng)上文“fromthecommunity”指她工作的社區(qū)人們都聚集在一起。故選C?！?9題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的父母和孩子們帶著氣球和手工制作的標(biāo)語(yǔ)聚集在一起，慶祝愛(ài)麗絲小姐的卓越服務(wù)。A.boost促進(jìn)；B.celebrate慶祝；C.resign辭職；D.contest比賽。根據(jù)“MissAlice’sremarkableservice.”指父母和孩子們帶著氣球和手工制作的標(biāo)語(yǔ)聚集在一起，慶祝愛(ài)麗絲小姐的卓越服務(wù)。故選B?！?0題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：即使是多年不需要她幫助的高年級(jí)學(xué)生，也回來(lái)表達(dá)他們的感激之情，并向她告別。A.smarter更聰明的；B.smaller更小的；C.younger更年輕的；D.older年紀(jì)更大的。根據(jù)后文“whohadn’tneededherassistanceforyears,returnedtoexpresstheirgratitudeandbidherfarewell”可知，即使是多年不需要她幫助的高年級(jí)學(xué)生，也回來(lái)表達(dá)他們的感激之情，并向她告別。故選D?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：佩內(nèi)洛普·派珀·索托是一名被愛(ài)麗絲小姐的善良感動(dòng)的年輕學(xué)生，她分享了她過(guò)馬路的回憶:“早上我去學(xué)校的時(shí)候，她總是和我擊掌，總是和我打招呼，她臉上總是帶著微笑。A.touched感動(dòng)；B.blamed責(zé)備；C.damaged破壞；D.disturbed打擾。根據(jù)后文“byMissAlice’skindne