第六講虛擬語氣

第六講虛擬語氣第6講虛擬語氣

用來表示說的話不是事實，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議、假設(shè)的語氣叫虛擬語氣。(一)if主從句中的虛擬語氣【完成例句】

(1)如果我是你，我會接受邀請的。IfIwereyou,Ishouldaccepttheinvitation.(2)如果我有空，我就去那兒。IfIhadtime,Iwouldgothere.【結(jié)論1】條件與現(xiàn)在事實相反從句謂語用一般過去時(be多用were)主句謂語用would/should/could/might＋動詞原形【完成例句】

(3)如果你早點來，你就不會錯過那輛公共汽車了。Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youcouldn't/wouldn'thavemissedthebus.(4)如果他昨天見到了你，他就會還你的書的。Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyourbook.【結(jié)論2】條件與過去事實相反從句謂語用haddone主句謂語用would/should/could/might＋havedone【完成例句】

(5)萬一明天下雨，運動會就推遲。(事實上明天下雨的可能性不大。)Ifitshouldrain/weretorain/rainedtomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldbeputoff.(6)萬一杯子掉下來會打碎的。Ifyoudropped/shoulddrop/weretodroptheglass,itwouldbreak.【結(jié)論3】條件與將來事實相反從句謂語用一般過去時(be多用were)或should＋動詞原形/weretodo主句謂語用would/should/could/might＋動詞原形【疑難1】

含蓄虛擬句(即含有without/butfor,otherwise/or等詞的句子)【例句觀察】

Humanbeingswoulddiewithoutwater.(＝Humanbeingswoulddieiftherewerenowater.)Icouldn'thavesucceededbutforyourhelp.(＝Icouldn'thavesucceededifyouhadn'thelpedme.)Ihadnomoneythen.OtherwiseIwouldhaveboughtthatbook.(＝IfIhadhadmoneythen,Iwouldhaveboughtthatbook.)【疑難剖析1】含有without/butfor，otherwise/or等詞的句子謂語結(jié)構(gòu)等同于if主從句中主句的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)。與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾磜ould/should/could/might＋動詞原形與過去事實相反would/should/could/might＋havedone【疑難2】

含有had，should，were這三個詞的虛擬條件狀語從句

Hadtheyhadtime(＝Iftheyhadhadtime)，theywouldhavecertainlycometohelpus.Shoulditbefine(＝Ifitshouldbefine)，wewouldgoforanouting.WereIyou(＝IfIwereyou),Iwouldgo.【疑難剖析2】含有had，should，were這三個詞的虛擬條件狀語從句，在正式或書面語言中可將if省略，把had，should，were提前放到句首，變?yōu)椴糠值寡b?！疽呻y3】if混合虛擬條件從句(即主從句分別與不同的事實相反)Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher'sadvice,youwouldn'tbeinhospital.【疑難剖析3】if假設(shè)條件從句謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動詞不一致，叫做錯綜條件虛擬語氣。主句和從句的謂語動詞要依照假設(shè)的時間而定。(二)用虛擬語氣，從句中謂語時態(tài)相應(yīng)推后(即用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài))的五種句型【完成例句】(7)他多么希望自己是只鳥。Howhewishesthathewereabird.(8)我希望昨晚看了那部電影了。IwishIhadseenthefilmlastnight.(9)我們希望有一天能住在月球上。Wewishwewouldliveonthemoononeday.【結(jié)論1】在動詞wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，表示不太可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句必須使用虛擬語氣。表示愿望與現(xiàn)在事實相反從句用一般過去時(did或were)表示愿望與過去事實相反從句用過去完成時(haddone)表示愿望實現(xiàn)的可能性很小從句常用could/might/would＋do【完成例句】(10)我寧可你現(xiàn)在不在我身邊。Iwouldratheryouwerenotherewithmenow.(11)我寧可你沒做過那件事。Iwouldratheryouhadn'tdonethat.【結(jié)論2】wouldrather/prefer＋that－從句(從句用虛擬語氣)表示愿望與現(xiàn)在事實相反從句用一般過去時表示愿望與過去事實相反從句用過去完成時【完成例句】(12)她英語說得好像她就是紐約本地人一樣。ShespeaksEnglishasthoughshewereanativeofNewYork.【結(jié)論3】asif/though＋從句中謂語用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)(等同于wish從句用法)?！就瓿衫洹?13)要是你沒告訴我那個消息就好了。Ifonlyyouhadn'ttoldmethenews.【結(jié)論4】ifonly(要是……就好了)，句中謂語用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)(等同于wish從句用法)。【完成例句】

(14)我本來可以幫你忙的，即使我當(dāng)時很忙。EventhoughIhadbeenverybusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.(15)即使我現(xiàn)在能跑，我也不會那樣做。EvenifImightrun,Iwouldn'tdothat.【結(jié)論5】evenif/though從句中的虛擬與現(xiàn)在事實相反用should＋動詞原形與過去事實相反用haddone(三)從句中所用的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為should＋動詞原形，should可以省略。

【例句觀察】

ThedoctorsuggestsI(should)exerciseeveryday.

醫(yī)生建議我每天做運動。(賓語從句)ItissuggestedthatI(should)exerciseeveryday.

我被建議每天做運動。(主語從句)Thedoctor'ssuggestionisthatI(should)exerciseeveryday.醫(yī)生給我的建議是每天做運動。(表語從句)Thedoctor'ssuggestionthatI(should)exerciseeverydaysoundsreasonable.醫(yī)生要我每天做運動的建議聽起來挺合理的。(同位語從句)【結(jié)論1】名詞性從句中，表示“建議，命令，要求”等意義時，名詞性從句用(should)＋動詞原形。一個堅持：insist

兩個命令：order,command(名詞是order,recommendation)

三個建議：advise,suggest，propose(名詞是advice,suggestion,proposal)

四個要求：demand,require,request,desire(名詞是demand,requirement,request,desire)

注意：1.suggest意為“表明，暗示”時，不用虛擬語氣；如：Hisfacesuggestedthathewasverysad.2.insist意為“堅持認為，堅持說”時，不用虛擬語氣；如：Themaninsistedmylittlebrotherwasathief.【例句觀察】我們應(yīng)該掌握電腦知識，這是很重要的。Itisimportantthatwe(should)haveagoodknowledgeofcomputerscience.你居然沒參加會議，真是可惜。Itisapitythatyou(should)beabsentfromthemeeting.他竟然是名醫(yī)生，我們很驚訝。Wearesurprisedthathe(should)beadoctor.【結(jié)論2】虛擬語氣用在“It's＋形容詞/名詞＋that…”這類句型中，表示說話人“強烈”的感情色彩，此時，從句用should＋動詞原形/should＋havedone(表示動作在過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生)，should可譯為“應(yīng)該；居然，竟然”。should可以省略。①Itisimportant/necessary/strange/surprising/funny/natural＋that－從句②Itisapity/ashame/anhonour/nowonderthat－從句③主語＋be＋sorry/disappointed/surprised＋that－從句【例句觀察】以防錯過第一班車，我們一大早就起床了。①Wegotupearlyforfearthatweshouldmissthefirstbus.②Wegotupearlylestthatweshouldmiss

thefirstbus.【結(jié)論3】在incase,forfear(that),lest等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”。(四)幾種特殊用法1.某些簡單句的固定句型Heavenhelphim!Godblessyou!

Mayyousucceed!LonglivethePeople'sR