2025屆十五校教育集團(tuán)鄂豫皖五十三校高三上學(xué)期8月聯(lián)考英語試題（解析版）

十五校教育集團(tuán)·鄂豫皖五十三校2025屆8月聯(lián)考英語注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、座位號(hào)填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將考生號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置.2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑.如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào).回答非選擇題時(shí)，用黑色簽字筆將答案寫在答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi).寫在本試卷上無效.3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回.第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatprogramsdoesthewomanprefer?A.Talkshows.B.Sportsprograms.C.Cookingprograms.2.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Havedinner.B.Pickupagift.C.Lookatapieceofjewelry.3.Whatdoesthemanusuallytakewithhimonvacation?A.Asuitcase.B.AbackpackC.Asportsbag.4.Howdoesthewomanfeel?A.Excited.B.Confused.C.Nervous.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Apost.B.Acandidate.C.Acollege.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatshouldthewomandofirst?A.Seeherfamilydoctor.B.Makeanappointment.C.Getanumberticket.7.Whatisthemanmostprobably?A.Areceptionist.B.Apatient.C.Adoctor.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atarestaurant.B.Atthetrainstation.C.Atabusstop.9.Whenwilltheman’ssisterarrive?A.At4:10.B.At4:20.C.At4:30.10.HowoftendoestheNo.1busrun?A.Every5minutes.B.Every10minutes.C.Every15minutes.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whydoesthewomaninvitethemantothebeach?A.Torelax.B.Toseeawhale.C.Tocollectsomeplastic.12.Whowilldealwiththegarbage?A.Thecommunity.B.Thegovernment.C.Arecyclingcompany.13.Whatisthewomanlike?A.Lazy.B.Emotional.C.Responsible.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Whichisthewoman’sfavoritehobby?A.Doingexercise.B.Collectingrecipes.C.Writingathome.15.Whydoesthewomansuggestcooking?A.Itisgoodtodoalone.B.Itisacreativehobby.C.Ithelpsavoidgoingtorestaurants.16.Whatdoesthemanprobablythinkofcooking?A.It’shardtolearn.B.It’shealthytocookhisownfood.C.It’safunthingtodowithhisfamily.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatisthepurposeofthisactivity?A.Toofferthelocalsleisuretime.B.Totrainmorevolunteers.C.Topromoteruraltravel.18.Whatisprovidedintheactivity?A.Tools.B.Supper.C.Trainers.19.Whatwillhelppeoplefindthesite?A.Experts’direction.B.Arrowsigns.C.Thebrochure.20.Whatarenecessaryforpeoplethatarewatching?A.Walkingboots.B.Warmclothes.C.Gardeninggloves.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AExplore,LearnandMakeFriends—LocallyandGlobally!Areyoureadyforasummercampthat’sfunandengagingandoffersavarietyofclasses?Youcandance,makemusic,actonstageandbringanartisticvisiontolife,diveintoMarineBiology,designarobotorbuildanarchitecturalmodel.Itisallpossiblethissummer.Youcanlookforwardto:·Creatingyourownschedulefromawidevarietyofclasses·Beingpartofacultureofbelongingandpossibility·Makingconnectionswithcampersfromaroundtheworld·Refuelingyourbodyandmindwithtastyeco-friendlylunchesVisitBeautifulSeattleDuringtheSummer!EnjoythenaturalbeautyoftheSeattleregionandhavefunintegratingwithcampersfromSeattleduringtheday.It’sagreatwaytoimproveyourEnglishwhilemakingnewfriendsandlearningnewthings.2024Tuition&FeesperSession(LunchIncluded)·Halfday:$600·Fullday:$1075·Fullday+boarding:$2600RegistrationRegistrationbeginsFebruary12,2024onafirst-come,first-servedbasis.A$100,nonrefundabledeposit,persession,percamper,holdsyourregistration.FullpaymentisdueJune1,2023.PaymentcanbemadeviaCreditCard,BankTransferorMoneyOrder.Clickhereformoredetailedinformation.1.Whatisnotthefeatureofthesummercamp?A.Choosetostudyanthropologyinsummercamp.B.Improvecross-culturalcommunicationskills.C.Improveaestheticabilityandengineeringliteracy.D.Enjoydeliciousandenvironmentally-friendlyfood.2.Howmuchdotwofull-daycamperswithoutboardinghavetopay?A.$1,075 B.$1,200 C.$2,150 D.$2,3503.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.CamperscanadmirethesceneryandcultureofvariousregionsoftheUS.B.Summercampregistrationhasafixedpaymentmethod.C.Readerscouldfindthetextinatravelandvacationmagazine.D.Campershaveaccesstoaculturalpowerofpossibility.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了2024年夏季西雅圖夏令營的特色、課程、費(fèi)用以及注冊(cè)信息。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Youcandance,makemusic,actonstageandbringanartisticvisiontolife,diveintoMarineBiology,designarobotorbuildanarchitecturalmodel.”（你可以跳舞、制作音樂、在舞臺(tái)上表演，將藝術(shù)愿景變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)，深入探索海洋生物學(xué)，設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)器人或建造建筑模型。）可知，夏令營提供了各種課程，如藝術(shù)、海洋生物學(xué)、機(jī)器人設(shè)計(jì)和建筑模型等，但沒有提到人類學(xué)，所以A選項(xiàng)“在夏令營選擇學(xué)習(xí)人類學(xué)”不屬于夏令營的特征。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“2024Tuition&FeesperSession(LunchIncluded)”部分中“Fullday:$1075”（全天：1075美元）可知，兩個(gè)不寄宿的全天營員需要支付的費(fèi)用是2150美元（1075*2）。故選C。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Youcanlookforwardto:部分中“Beingpartofacultureofbelongingandpossibility”（成為歸屬感和可能性文化的一部分）可知，夏令營營員可以成為可能性文化的一部分，所以能感受到可能性文化的力量。故選D。BAlekseyVasilievisaphotographerbasedintheremoteRussianregionofYakutiaafreezingplacewheretemperaturescangetaslowas-58degreesFahrenheit(-50degreesCelsius).HeisknownforcapturingthedailylivesofYakutians,andhisphotosarebothfascinatingandalittleeerie.Inarecentinterviewwithus,thephotographeradmittedthatheusedtobeanalcoholicinthepast,andwhenhefinallydecidedtostopdrinking,heneededsomethingtofillthevoidthatquittingleft.That’swhenhegotintophotography.Alekseysaysthathe’sinspiredbyYakutia,eventhoughheusedtodreamoftravelingtheworld.“Yakutiaseemedtomelikeahole,anicydesert”saidthephotographer.Until2018,photographywasnothingmorethanahobbyforAleksey.ButthenhewonagrantandwentontostudydocumentaryphotographyattheDocDocDocphotographyschoolinSt.Petersburg.ThephotographerexplainedthatYakutiahaslongandfreezingwinters,wherethetemperaturescandropallthewaydownto-50oreven-60degreesCelsius(-58Fahrenheitto-76Fahrenheit).“Thiswinterwasreallycold,sowehadtolivein-60Celsiusforawhile,”saidAleksey.“Ifitwerenotforthedailyneedtogoout,peoplewouldprefertostayathomeallthetime,drinkhotteaandwaitforspring.Inwinter,lifepracticallystops,adensefogduringseverefrostsobscuresthesunlightforseveralweeksormonths.”However,evendespitethat,AlekseywelcomespeopletovisitYakutia:“Youwillneverforgetthistripinyourlife.Ipromiseyou.”4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“void”inparagraph2referto?A.Gap. B.Form. C.Emptiness. D.Anger.5.WhatdoweknowaboutAlekseyVasiliev?A.HehasbeenanalcoholicinRussianregionofYakutia.B.HetravelledtoanicydesertnamedYakutia.C.Hebegantotakephotographyasahobbyin2018.D.HetookupphotographythankstotheinspirationfromYakutia.6.WhatcanwelearnaboutYakutia?A.Peopletheretendtostayathomeunlesstheywantdailynecessities.B.Thetemperaturerangesfrom-50Fahrenheitto-60Fahrenheit.C.Thelifethererunssmoothlyallyearround.DThesunlighttimeinwinterremainslong.7.WhatwordscanbestdescribeAlekseyVasiliev?A.Meanandalcoholic. B.Braveandenthusiastic.C.Honestandmodest. D.Kindandemotional.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了俄羅斯雅庫特地區(qū)攝影師AlekseyVasiliev的故事。他通過攝影記錄雅庫特人的日常生活，盡管該地區(qū)氣候寒冷，但他仍鼓勵(lì)人們參觀雅庫特。【4題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中的“heusedtobeanalcoholicinthepast,andwhenhefinallydecidedtostopdrinking,heneededsomethingtofillthe…thatquittingleft.(他過去是個(gè)酒鬼，當(dāng)他最終決定戒酒時(shí)，他需要一些東西來填補(bǔ)戒酒留下的……)”可知，當(dāng)他最終決定戒酒時(shí)，他需要一些東西來填補(bǔ)戒酒留下的空虛。所以“void”在這里指的是“空虛”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Alekseysaysthathe’sinspiredbyYakutia,eventhoughheusedtodreamoftravelingtheworld.(Aleksey表示他是受到雅庫特的啟發(fā)，盡管他曾經(jīng)夢想環(huán)游世界)”可知，他是受到雅庫特的啟發(fā)而開始攝影的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Ifitwerenotforthedailyneedtogoout,peoplewouldprefertostayathomeallthetime,drinkhotteaandwaitforspring.(如果不是因?yàn)槊刻煨枰鲩T，人們寧愿一直待在家里，喝熱茶，等待春天)”可知，除非他們需要日常必需品，否則那里的人們傾向于待在家里。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Alekseysaysthathe’sinspiredbyYakutia,eventhoughheusedtodreamoftravelingtheworld.(阿列克謝說，盡管他曾經(jīng)夢想著環(huán)游世界，但他受到了雅庫特的啟發(fā))”可知，盡管Aleksey曾經(jīng)認(rèn)為Yakutia是一個(gè)“冰冷的沙漠”，但他仍然從中找到了靈感，并專注于拍攝這個(gè)地方，這體現(xiàn)了他對(duì)攝影的熱情；根據(jù)最后一段中的“However,evendespitethat,AlekseywelcomespeopletovisitYakutia:“Youwillneverforgetthistripinyourlife.Ipromiseyou”(然而，即便如此，阿列克謝還是歡迎人們來雅庫特訪問：“我保證，你一生中永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記這次旅行。”)”可知，盡管雅庫特地區(qū)氣候寒冷，但Aleksey仍然歡迎人們參觀雅庫特，他克服了個(gè)人挑戰(zhàn)并且找到了新的生活方向，這體現(xiàn)了他的勇氣。故選B項(xiàng)。CIt’soneofHollywood’sfavoritebitsofpseudoscience(偽科學(xué)):humanbeingsuseonly10percentoftheirbrain,andawakeningtheremaining90percent—supposedlydormant—allowsotherwiseordinaryhumanbeingstodisplayextraordinarymentalabilities.Howdoweknow?Foronething,ifweneededonly10percentofourbrain,themajorityofbraininjurieswouldhavenodiscernible(明顯的)consequences,sincethedamagewouldaffectpartsofthebrainthatweren’tdoinganythingtobeginwith.Wealsoknowthatnaturalselectiondiscouragesthedevelopmentofuselessstructures:earlyhumanswhodevotedscarcephysicalresourcestogrowingandmaintaininghugeamountsofexcessbraintissuewouldhavebeenoutcompetedbythosewhospentthosepreciousresourcesonthingsmorenecessaryforsurvivalandreproductivesuccess.Tougherimmunesystems,strongermuscles,betterlookinghair—justaboutanythingwouldbemoreusefulthanhavingaheadfulloflazytissue.We’vebeenabletobackuptheselogicalconclusionswithhardevidence.Imagingtechniquesallowdoctorsandscientiststomapbrainactivityinrealtime.Thedataclearlyshowsthatlargeareasofthebrain—farmorethan10percent—areusedforallsortsofactivity,easyorcomplex.Scientistshaveyettofindanareaofthebrainthatdoesn’tdoanything.Sohowdidwecometobelievethat90percentofourbrainisuseless?Themyth(錯(cuò)誤看法)isoftenincorrectlyattributedto19th-centurypsychologistWilliamJames,whoproposedthatmostofourmentalpotentialgoesuntapped.Butheneverspecifiedapercentage.Inreality,theconceptmostlikelycamefromtheAmericanself-helpindustry.OneoftheearliestmentionsappearsintheprefacetoDaleCarnegie’s1936megabestseller,HowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople.Obviously,thisisbadnewsforanyonehopingtofindthesecrettobecomingageniusovernight.Thegoodnews,though,isthathardworkstillworks.Thereisplentyofreasontobelievethatyoucanbuildbrainpowerbyregularlyworkingatchallengingmentaltasks,suchasplayingamusicalinstrument,doingarithmetic,orreadinganovel.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthefirstparagraphprobablymean?A.Inactive. B.Dead. C.Dynamic. D.Sleepy.9.Howdoesthesecondparagraphdoubttheideathathumanbeingsuseonly10percentoftheirbrain?A.Byraisingaquestion. B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Bylistingfigures. D.Bygivingrealexamples.10.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothelastthreeparagraphs?A.Completinghardtasksenablestoimprovethebrainpower.B.Almosteveryareaofthebrainisusedmoreorless.C.ThepseudosciencewascreatedandspreadbypsychologistWilliamJames.D.Imagingtechniqueshelptorevealhowmanyareasareusedfordifferentactivities.11.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?AHowshouldwemakegooduseofourbrain?B.Dowereallyuseonly10percentofourbrain?C.Canmakinggooduseofourbrainhelpusbeageniusovernight?D.Dowereallyneedtouseeveryareaofourbrainindailylives?【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要論述了“人類只使用了大腦的10%”這一觀點(diǎn)的錯(cuò)誤之處以及這一觀點(diǎn)的出處以及提高大腦智力的方法?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“humanbeingsuseonly10percentoftheirbrain,andawakeningtheremaining90percent”可知，人類只使用了大腦的10%，說明剩下的90%是不活躍狀態(tài)。故劃線詞意思是“不活躍的”。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Howdoweknow?Foronething,ifweneededonly10percentofourbrain,themajorityofbraininjurieswouldhavenodiscernible(明顯的)consequences,sincethedamagewouldaffectpartsofthebrainthatweren’tdoinganythingtobeginwith.Wealsoknowthatnaturalselectiondiscouragesthedevelopmentofuselessstructures:earlyhumanswhodevotedscarcephysicalresourcestogrowingandmaintaininghugeamountsofexcessbraintissuewouldhavebeenoutcompetedbythosewhospentthosepreciousresourcesonthingsmorenecessaryforsurvivalandreproductivesuccess.Tougherimmunesystems,strongermuscles,betterlookinghair—justaboutanythingwouldbemoreusefulthanhavingaheadfulloflazytissue.(我們?cè)趺粗赖?？首先，如果我們只需?0%的大腦，大多數(shù)腦損傷就不會(huì)有明顯的后果，因?yàn)閾p傷會(huì)影響到大腦中本來沒有任何功能的部分。我們還知道，自然選擇不鼓勵(lì)無用結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展：早期人類將稀缺的體力用于生長和維持大量多余的腦組織，而那些將寶貴的資源用于生存和繁殖成功更必要的事情的人，將會(huì)在競爭中被淘汰。更強(qiáng)健的免疫系統(tǒng)，更強(qiáng)健的肌肉，更好看的頭發(fā)——任何東西都比腦袋里滿是懶惰的組織更有用)”可知，第二段通過對(duì)比來質(zhì)疑人類只使用了大腦的10%這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。故選B。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Themyth(錯(cuò)誤看法)isoftenincorrectlyattributedto19th-centurypsychologistWilliamJames,whoproposedthatmostofourmentalpotentialgoesuntapped.Butheneverspecifiedapercentage.(這個(gè)神話經(jīng)常被錯(cuò)誤地歸因于19世紀(jì)的心理學(xué)家威廉·詹姆斯，他提出我們的大部分心理潛力尚未開發(fā)。但他從未具體說明百分比)”可知，C選項(xiàng)“偽科學(xué)是由心理學(xué)家威廉·詹姆斯創(chuàng)造和傳播的”不正確。故選C?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“It’soneofHollywood’sfavoritebitsofpseudoscience(偽科學(xué)):humanbeingsuseonly10percentoftheirbrain,andawakeningtheremaining90percent—supposedlydormant—allowsotherwiseordinaryhumanbeingstodisplayextraordinarymentalabilities.(這是好萊塢最喜歡的偽科學(xué)之一：人類只使用了大腦的10%，喚醒剩下的90%——據(jù)說是休眠的——讓普通人展現(xiàn)出非凡的精神能力)”結(jié)合文章主要論述了“人類只使用了大腦的10%”這一觀點(diǎn)的錯(cuò)誤之處以及這一觀點(diǎn)的出處以及提高大腦智力的方法?？芍?，B選項(xiàng)“我們真的只使用了大腦的10%嗎？”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。DInatrailblazingnewstudy,researchershavediscoveredbottledwatersoldinstorescancontain10to100timesmorebitsofplasticthanpreviouslyestimated—nanoparticles(納米塑料)aresotinythattheycannotbeseenunderamicroscope.At1,000ththeaveragewidthofahumanhair,nanoplasticsaresoteenytheycanmigratethroughthetissuesofthedigestivetractorlungsintothebloodstream,distributingpotentiallyharmfulsyntheticchemicalsthroughoutthebodyandintocells,expertssay.Oneliterofwater—theequivalentoftwostandard-sizebottledwaters—containedanaverageof240,000plasticparticlesfromseventypesofplastics,ofwhich90%wereidentifiedasnanoplasticsandtherestweremicroplastics,accordingtothenewstudy.Microplasticsarepolymerfragmentsthatcanrangefromlessthan0.2inch(5millimeters)downto1/25,000thofaninch(1micrometer).Anythingsmallerisananoplasticthatmustbemeasuredinbillionthsofameter.Inthenewstudy,publishedMondayinthejournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,researchersfromColumbiaUniversitypresentedanewtechnologythatcansee,countandanalyzethechemicalstructureofnanoparticlesinbottledwater.Insteadof300perliter,theteambehindthelateststudyfoundtheactualnumberofplasticbitsinthreepopularbrandsofwatersoldintheUnitedStatestobeinbetween110,000and370,000,ifnothigher.Theinnovativenewtechniquespresentedinthestudyopenthedoorforfurtherresearchtobetterunderstandthepotentialriskstohumanhealth,saidJaneHoulihan,researchdirectorforHealthyBabies,BrightFutures,anallianceofnonprofitscommittedtoreducingbabies’exposurestoneurotoxic(毒害神經(jīng)的)chemicals,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.“Infantsandyoungchildrenmayfacethegreatestrisks,astheirdevelopingbrainsandbodiesareoftenmorevulnerabletoimpactsfromtoxicexposures.”saidHoulihaninanemail.Nanoplasticsarethemostworrisometypeofplasticpollutionforhumanhealth,expertssay.That’sbecausetheparticlescaninvadeindividualcellsandtissuesinmajororgans,potentiallyinterruptingcellularprocessesanddepositingendocrine-disrupting(擾亂內(nèi)分泌的)chemicalssuchasbisphenols,phthalates,flameretardants,per-andpolyfluorinatedsubstances,orPFAS,andheavymetals.Therearethingspeoplecandotoreducetheirexposuretoplastics,saidHoulihan.“Wecanavoidconsumingfoodsandbeveragesinplasticcontainers.Wecanwearclothingmadefromnaturalfabricsandbuyconsumerproductsmadefromnaturalmaterials,”Houlihansaid.“Wecansimplytakestockoftheplasticinourdailylivesandfindalternativeswheneverfeasible.”12.Wherecannanoplasticsbefoundinourbody?A.Theblood. B.Thelung.C.Thestomach. D.Almosteverywhere.13Whatarethedifferencesbetweennanoplasticsandmicroplastics?A.Nanoplasticsareharmful,whilemicroplasticsaren’t.B.Nanoplasticsexistinbottledwaters,whilemicroplasticsdon’t.C.Nanoplasticscanmigratethroughcertaintissues,whilemicroplasticscan’t.D.Nanoplasticsaremuchshorterthanmicroplastics.14.WhyisJaneHoulihan’sstatementmentioned?A.Toaddmorebackgroundinformationforthenewstudy.B.Tomakepreparationsforthefollowingcontents.C.Toprovideanobjectiveevaluationforthesignificanceofthenewstudy.D.Toencouragereaderstoconsistentlyandenthusiasticallyfocusonthenewstudy.15.Whatisthestructureofthepassage?A.Finding→Explanationandanalysis→Solutions.B.Finding→Reasonsandbackground→Solutions.C.Finding→Discussionandbackground→Conclusion.D.Finding→Discussionandreasons→Conclusion.【答案】12.D13.D14.C15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)瓶裝水中含有大量的納米塑料顆粒，這些顆粒非常小，以至于肉眼無法看到，并且它們可能對(duì)人體健康造成潛在危害?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“At1,000ththeaveragewidthofahumanhair,nanoplasticsaresoteenytheycanmigratethroughthetissuesofthedigestivetractorlungsintothebloodstream,distributingpotentiallyharmfulsyntheticchemicalsthroughoutthebodyandintocells,expertssay.(納米塑料的寬度只有人類頭發(fā)平均寬度的千分之一，它們非常微小，可以穿過消化道或肺部組織進(jìn)入血液，分布潛在有害的合成化學(xué)物質(zhì)到全身和細(xì)胞內(nèi)，專家說。)”可知，納米塑料非常小，可以通過消化道或肺部的組織進(jìn)入血液，在身體各處和細(xì)胞中分布潛在有害的合成化學(xué)物質(zhì)，幾乎可以出現(xiàn)在身體的任何地方，故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Microplasticsarepolymerfragmentsthatcanrangefromlessthan0.2inch(5millimeters)downto1/25,000thofaninch(1micrometer).Anythingsmallerisananoplasticthatmustbemeasuredinbillionthsofameter.(微塑料是聚合物碎片，大小可以從小于0.2英寸（5毫米）到1/25,000英寸（1微米）。任何更小的都是必須以十億分之一米來測量的納米塑料。)”可知，納米塑料比微塑料小得多。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段““Infantsandyoungchildrenmayfacethegreatestrisks,astheirdevelopingbrainsandbodiesareoftenmorevulnerabletoimpactsfromtoxicexposures,”saidHoulihaninanemail.(Houlihan在一封電子郵件中說：“嬰兒和幼兒可能面臨最大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)樗麄兊陌l(fā)育中的大腦和身體更容易受到有毒物質(zhì)暴露的影響。”)”可知，JaneHoulihan的聲明提供了對(duì)新研究意義的客觀評(píng)價(jià)，強(qiáng)調(diào)了嬰兒和幼兒面臨的更大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Inatrailblazingnewstudy,researchershavediscoveredbottledwatersoldinstorescancontain10to100timesmorebitsofplasticthanpreviouslyestimated—nanoparticles(納米塑料)aresotinythattheycannotbeseenunderamicroscope.(在一項(xiàng)開創(chuàng)性的新研究中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)商店售賣的瓶裝水可能含有比以前估計(jì)多10到100倍的塑料微?！{米塑料如此微小，以至于它們?cè)陲@微鏡下都無法被看見。)”可知，文章首先提出了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，即瓶裝水中含有大量的納米塑料；根據(jù)第四段“Microplasticsarepolymerfragmentsthatcanrangefromlessthan0.2inch(5millimeters)downto1/25,000thofaninch(1micrometer).Anythingsmallerisananoplasticthatmustbemeasuredinbillionthsofameter.(微塑料是聚合物碎片，其大小可以從小于0.2英寸（5毫米）到1/25,000英寸（1微米）。任何更小的都是納米塑料，必須以十億分之一米來測量。)”以及倒數(shù)第二段“Nanoplasticsarethemostworrisometypeofplasticpollutionforhumanhealth,expertssay.That’sbecausetheparticlescaninvadeindividualcellsandtissuesinmajororgans,potentiallyinterruptingcellularprocessesanddepositingendocrine-disrupting(擾亂內(nèi)分泌的)chemicalssuchasbisphenols,phthalates,flameretardants,per-andpolyfluorinatedsubstances,orPFAS,andheavymetals.(專家們表示，納米塑料是人類健康最令人擔(dān)憂的塑料污染類型。這是因?yàn)檫@些微?？梢郧秩胫饕鞴僦械膯蝹€(gè)細(xì)胞和組織，可能會(huì)干擾細(xì)胞過程，并沉積諸如雙酚類、鄰苯二甲酸酯、阻燃劑、全氟和多氟化物或PFAS以及重金屬等擾亂內(nèi)分泌的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。)”可知，文章隨后解釋了這些納米塑料的特點(diǎn)和潛在的危害，并分析了這些發(fā)現(xiàn)的重要性（Explanationandanalysis）；根據(jù)最后一段“Therearethingspeoplecandotoreducetheirexposuretoplastics,saidHoulihan.“Wecanavoidconsumingfoodsandbeveragesinplasticcontainers.Wecanwearclothingmadefromnaturalfabricsandbuyconsumerproductsmadefromnaturalmaterials,”Houlihansaid.“Wecansimplytakestockoftheplasticinourdailylivesandfindalternativeswheneverfeasible.”(霍利漢表示：“人們可以做一些事情來減少他們接觸塑料的機(jī)會(huì)。我們可以避免食用裝在塑料容器里的食物和飲料。我們可以穿由天然纖維制成的衣服，購買由天然材料制成的消費(fèi)產(chǎn)品?！被衾麧h說：“我們可以簡單地盤點(diǎn)一下我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械乃芰?，并在可行的情況下找到替代品?！?”可知本文最后提出了解決方法，即減少塑料暴露的一些措施。因此，文章的結(jié)構(gòu)是“發(fā)現(xiàn)→解釋和分析→解決方案”。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WhatarethePhysicalBenefitsofExercise?Exerciseisoftenthoughtofasactivitiesthathelpapersonloseweightorpreventweightgain.Havingabodythatisslimmerandtrimmeriscertainlyoneofthephysicalbenefitsofexercise,buttherearemanyothers.____16____Doingpush-upscanhelpstrengthentheupperbody.Dietpillsmayhelpamanshedweightbuttheywillnothelphimbuildorstrengthenhismuscles.Thephysicalbenefitsofexercisearegenerallyexperiencedsimultaneously.____17____Thisbenefitisnotlimitedtomalesandthetypesofexercisesthatproducetheseresultsarenotlimitedtoweightlifting.Joggingcanprovideanaerobic(有氧的)workout.Exercisealsostrengthensbones,whichbecomesmoreimportanttheolderapersongets.Bonesgothroughanaturalprocessofbreakingdownandrebuilding.____18____Physicalactivityproducesthatstimulationand,therefore,helpsdecreasethelikelihoodofconditionssuchasosteoporosis.____19____Manypeopleareconcernedwithlookingolder.Slowingandreversingtheeffectsofagingarebenefitsofphysicalexercise.Cellulite(皮下脂肪團(tuán)),forexample,canmakeayoungwomanappearolderthansheis.____20____Wrinklesareanothersignofagingthatcanbereducedbyexercisesincephysicalactivitytendstoimprovetheconditionofskin.A.Manypeoplewanttochangeorimprovetheirbodies.B.Takingregularexercisecanleadtohigherenergyandbetterconditionofskin.C.Exercisehastheabilitytohelpapersonchangehisbodyshape,andmakehimstronger.D.Aspeoplegrowolder,however,therebuildingprocessreducesunlessitisstimulated.E.Theappearanceofcellulitecanbediminishedwithbasicexercisessuchaswalkingorjogging.F.Asweallknow,exercisealsoreducesthenegativephysicaleffectswhichapersonfeelswhensheages.G.Theseincludestrengtheningthebones,strengtheningthemuscles,andreducingtheeffectsofaging.【答案】16.G17.C18.D19.F20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了鍛煉對(duì)人體的多種好處，包括增強(qiáng)肌肉、強(qiáng)化骨骼、減少衰老跡象等。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Havingabodythatisslimmerandtrimmeriscertainlyoneofthephysicalbenefitsofexercise,buttherearemanyothers(擁有更苗條、更緊致的身體當(dāng)然是鍛煉的一種身體上的好處，但還有許多其他的好處)”可知，此處需要總結(jié)鍛煉帶來的其他身體上的好處，與G項(xiàng)“Theseincludestrengtheningthebones,strengtheningthemuscles,andreducingtheeffectsofaging(這些好處包括強(qiáng)化骨骼、增強(qiáng)肌肉和減少衰老的影響)”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選G項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thephysicalbenefitsofexercisearegenerallyexperiencedsimultaneously.(鍛煉的身體好處通常是同時(shí)體驗(yàn)到的)”及下文“Thisbenefitisnotlimitedtomalesandthetypesofexercisesthatproducetheseresultsarenotlimitedtoweightlifting.(這種好處不僅僅限于男性，產(chǎn)生這些效果的鍛煉類型也不僅僅限于舉重)”可知，此處需要舉例說明鍛煉如何增強(qiáng)肌肉，與C項(xiàng)“Exercisehastheabilitytohelpapersonchangehisbodyshape,andmakehimstronger(鍛煉有能力幫助一個(gè)人改變體型，使他更強(qiáng)壯)”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Bonesgothroughanaturalprocessofbreakingdownandrebuilding.(骨骼經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)自然的分解和重建過程)”及下文“Physicalactivityproducesthatstimulationand,therefore,helpsdecreasethelikelihoodofconditionssuchasosteoporosis(體育活動(dòng)會(huì)產(chǎn)生這種刺激，因此有助于降低骨質(zhì)疏松等病癥的可能性)”可知，此處需要解釋隨著年齡增長，骨骼重建過程的變化，與D項(xiàng)“Aspeoplegrowolder,however,therebuildingprocessreducesunlessitisstimulated(然而，隨著年齡的增長，除非受到刺激，否則重建過程會(huì)減少)”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選D項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Slowingandreversingtheeffectsofagingarebenefitsofphysicalexercise(減緩和逆轉(zhuǎn)衰老的影響是體育鍛煉的好處)”可知，此處需要引出鍛煉對(duì)延緩衰老的作用，與F項(xiàng)“Asweallknow,exercisealsoreducesthenegativephysicaleffectswhichapersonfeelswhensheages(眾所周知，鍛煉還能減少一個(gè)人在衰老過程中感受到的負(fù)面身體影響)”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選F項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Cellulite(皮下脂肪團(tuán)),forexample,canmakeayoungwomanappearolderthansheis(例如，皮下脂肪團(tuán)可以使年輕女性看起來比實(shí)際年齡老)”及下文“Wrinklesareanothersignofagingthatcanbereducedbyexercisesincephysicalactivitytendstoimprovetheconditionofskin(皺紋是另一種可以通過鍛煉減少的老化跡象，因?yàn)轶w育活動(dòng)往往能改善皮膚狀況)”可知，此處需要說明如何通過基本的鍛煉減少皮下脂肪團(tuán)，與E項(xiàng)“Theappearanceofcellulitecanbediminishedwithbasicexercisessuchaswalkingorjogging(通過基本的鍛煉如步行或慢跑可以減少皮下脂肪團(tuán)的出現(xiàn))”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選E項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。AnewstudybyresearchersfromtheMonellChemicalSensesCenterfoundthatthedifferentwaysweexperiencesmellsisinourDNA.PublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,thestudyfoundthatsmall____21____injustoneolfactory(嗅覺的)receptorgenecanaffecthowstrongorpleasantanodorisforoneperson.Everyperson’snosehasabout400differenttypesof____22____sensorproteins,knownasolfactoryreceptors.Onesmellcan____23____severaldifferentofthesereceptors,andreceptorscanbeactivatedbyseveraldifferentsmells.Thebraininterpretsthesereceptoractivationpatternsto____24____millions(maybetrillions)ofdifferentsmells.“Westillknowverylittleabouthowolfactoryreceptorstranslateinformationfromanodormoleculeintotheperception(感知)ofanodor’s____25____,intensity,andpleasantness,”saidseniorauthorJoelMainland,Ph.D.,anolfactoryneurobiologistatMonell,inanewsrelease.“By____26____howvariationinanolfactoryreceptorgenechangesodorperception,wecanbegintounderstandthe____27____ofeachreceptor.This____28____willhelpuslearnhowthereceptorsworktogethersothatwecandeciphertheolfactorycodeanddigitizeolfaction.”Forthestudy,researchersasked332peopletoratehowthey____29____theintensityandpleasantnessofnearly70odors.ResearchersalsocollectedDNA_________30_________fromalltheparticipants.Theyusedgeneticinformationtoidentifypeoplewhohadbroken_________31_________ofcertainreceptorsandcomparedtheirodorreceptiontopeoplewhohadnormalversionsofthesamereceptor.Theywantedtofindoutifthesameodorappearedmorepleasantornotas_________32_________orboth.Scientistsweresurprisedtofindthatachangeinasinglegenecouldinspire_________33_________inhowpeopleperceivedthesamesmell.“Becausemostodorsactivateseveralreceptors,manyscientiststhoughtthat_________34_________onereceptorwouldn’tmakeadifferenceinhowweperceivethatodor.Instead,ourwork_________35_________thatisnotthecaseandchangestoasinglereceptorcanmakeabigdifferenceinhowyouperceiveanodor.”saidMainland.21.A.standards B.qualities C.competitors D.changes22.A.detailed B.specialized C.polluted D.relieved23.A.target B.appreciate C.activate D.monitor24.A.identify B.ignore C.discipline D.interact25.A.decision B.status C.success D.quality26.A.ch