2024年專業(yè)英語四級(jí)

專業(yè)英語四級(jí)-65(總分：100.00，做題時(shí)間：90分鐘)一、READINGCOMPREHENSION(總題數(shù)：0，分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00)二、TEXTA(總題數(shù)：2，分?jǐn)?shù)：25.00)Springishere:flowersareinbloom,birdsongfillstheair,andtheinboxesofemployersarefilledwithdesperateappealsforsummerinternships.Collegestudentsandgraduatesarewellawareoftheimpactadesirableplacementcouldhaveontheircareers.Witheverfewerentry-leveljobsinmanyindustries,internshipshavebecomeacriticalfirststepintoemployment.InAmerica,three-quartersofstudentsonafour-yearuniversitycoursewillhavetoiledasaninternatleastoncebeforegraduation.Uptohalfoftheseworkerswillhavegiventheirservicesfree.Somemayevenhavehadtopayfortheprivilegeofcomingtowork.

Unpaidinternshipsseemtobeanexampleofmutualutility:inexperiencedyoungsterslearnsomethingaboutachosenfieldwhileemployersgettofarmoutsomeunskilledwork.Thearrangementisconsensual,andcompaniesoftenuseinternshipstotestpotentialrecruits.Buttheincreasingpopularityoftheseunpaidplacementshascausedsomecontroversylately.NickClegg,Britain"sdeputyprimeminister,recentlylaunchedacrusadetobanthem,arguingthattheyfavourthewealthyandprivileged.Otherscomplainthatuncompensatedinternshipsviolatelabourstandards,exploitnewworkersandsurelydepresswagesforeveryoneelse.InAmerica,theytendtobeillegalatfor-profitcompanies,accordingtoguidelinessetoutin1947.ButtheDepartmentofLabourbarelyenforcessuchrules,inpartbecauseinternsareoftentooafraidtofilecomplaints.

OrganisationsinAmericasave$2billionayearbynotpayinginternsaminimumwage,writesRossPerlinin"InternNation",anewbookaboutthe"highlycompetitiveracetothebottomofthecorporateladder".Perhapsone-thirdofallinternshipsatfor-profitcompaniesareunpaid,andinternsnowoftenfillrolesonceheldbyfull-timeemployees."YoungpeopleandtheirparentsaresubsidisinglabourforFortune500companies,"MrPerlincomments.

Toavoidlegalcomplications,companiesoftenencouragestudentstoworkinexchangeforacademiccreditsfromtheircollege.Butsuchcreditscancosthundredsoreventhousandsofdollars.Somecollegesabolishtheirfeesorearnthembyofferingguidanceandoversight.Formanyinstitutions,however,theyareaneasysourceofrevenue,morebeneficialtothemselvesthantheirstudents.

Callsfornewlabourlawsthatreflectthegrowingprominenceofinternshipshavegotnowhere.Instead,internswillhavetolookoutforeachother,forexamplebyratingtheirexperiencesonwebsitessuchasInternshipRatingsandInternocracy.Atanyrate,studentsmaybebuoyedbyararebitofgoodnewsfromtheNationalAssociationofCollegesandEmployers:employersintendtohire19%moregraduatesthisyearthanlast.Thisshouldsparesomefromthemiseryofworkingwithoutpay.（分?jǐn)?shù)：12.50）(1).Accordingtothefirstparagraph,collegestudentsandgraduatesfinditmostessentialto______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.50）

A.getanentry-leveljob

B.providefreeservice

C.doaninternship

√

D.payfortheprivilegeofgettingajob解析：[解析]第1段第1句講到雇主的郵箱裏盡是暑期實(shí)習(xí)崗位的申請(qǐng)者(desperateappealsforsummerinternships)，第2句表明大學(xué)生和畢業(yè)生都懂得internships對(duì)他們的職業(yè)發(fā)展很重要，第3句中的critical與題干中的mostessential為近義詞，由此可見，本題應(yīng)選C。解答本題的關(guān)鍵在于把握第1段的中心內(nèi)容，該段重要講的話題是“實(shí)習(xí)(internship)”，其他選項(xiàng)均偏離該主題。(2).NickCleggrecentlylaunchedacrusadetoban______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.50）

A.internshipsbeforeemployment

B.uncompensatedinternships

√

C.consensualinternships

D.internshipsforrichcollegestudents解析：[解析]根據(jù)題干中的NickClegg、crusade等詞定位到第2段4句。本題其實(shí)規(guī)定找到該句中them的所指。根據(jù)該段前兩句及其他句子可知該段討論的話題是“無薪實(shí)習(xí)”，第4句所說的NickClegg發(fā)起的運(yùn)動(dòng)就是要嚴(yán)禁“無薪實(shí)習(xí)”。在該段中，“無薪實(shí)習(xí)”有多種體現(xiàn)：unpaidinternships，unpaidplacement和uncompensatedinternships，故本題應(yīng)選B。(3).FromRossPerlin"snewbook"InternNation",wecanlearnthat______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.50）

A.competitionforinternshipsisintense

√

B.internsareusuallylookeddownupon

C.onethirdofinternsworkforfor-profitcompanies

D.internshipsareleastvaluedbyfor-profitcompanies解析：[解析]根據(jù)題干中的RossPerlin定位到第3段第1句。本題考察對(duì)該句中highlycompetitiveracetothebottomofthecorporateladder的理解，thebottomofthecorporateladder字面上的意思是“職業(yè)階梯的最底層”，此處指“實(shí)習(xí)生崗位”。該句表明RossPerlin認(rèn)為“實(shí)習(xí)生崗位”的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)也很劇烈，由此可見，本題應(yīng)選A。該句中的bottom并沒有貶義，沒有瞧不起實(shí)習(xí)職位的意思，只是客觀地指出“實(shí)習(xí)”是最初級(jí)的職位，據(jù)此應(yīng)排除B；第3段第2句講到“在盈利性企業(yè)工作的實(shí)習(xí)生中有三分之一的人沒有酬勞”，C歪曲了原文的意思；D無原文根據(jù)。(4).Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.50）

A.Newlaborlawswillsoonbeenforced.

B.Graduateswillnothavetoworkasanintern.

C.Morejobvacancieswillbeavailableforgraduates.

√

D.Workingwithoutpaywillsoonbebanned.解析：[解析]最終一段倒數(shù)第2句冒號(hào)後的內(nèi)容(employersintendtohire19%moregraduates)表明職業(yè)空缺會(huì)增多，故C的說法對(duì)的。A與該段首句中g(shù)otnowhere相反；B、D均缺乏原文根據(jù)。(5).Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.50）

A.ReformofInternshipsandEmployment

B.EmploymentatFor-profitIndustries

C.DesperateGraduates

D.OrdealsforInterns

√解析：[解析]本文第1段先提出了“實(shí)習(xí)”這一話題，第2段將話題收窄，講“無薪實(shí)習(xí)”，接下來的三段都圍繞“無薪實(shí)習(xí)”這一話題，講到了無薪實(shí)習(xí)的現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況和有關(guān)法規(guī)。在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，與此話題最貼近的是D“實(shí)習(xí)生的苦難經(jīng)歷”，它既暗示“無薪實(shí)習(xí)”這一現(xiàn)象，又帶有同情，與作者對(duì)畢業(yè)生“無薪實(shí)習(xí)”的感情色彩相符。A雖然有Internships這一關(guān)鍵詞，但reform和employment都不是文章的主題；B中的For-profitIndustries嚴(yán)重脫離文章中心，故排除；而C的DesperateGraduates帶有貶義，且不能預(yù)示文章內(nèi)容，也無概括性，不可選。EveryAprilIamtroubledbythesameconcern—thatspringmightnotoccurthisyear.Thelandscapelooksdull,withhills,skyandforestformingasinglegraycolor,likethelightcoloranartistpaintsonacanvasbeforethemasterwork.Myspiritebbs,asitdidduringanAprilsnowfallwhenIfirstcametoMaine15yearsago."Justwait,"aneighborcounseled."You"llwakeuponemorningandspringwilljustbehere."Andlook,onMay3thatyear,Iawoketoagreensostartlingastobealmostelectric,asifspringweresimplyamatterofmovingaswitch.Hills,skyandforestrevealedtheirpurples,bluesandgreens.Leaveshadunfurled,birdshadarrivedatthefeederanddaffodilswerefightingtheirwaytowardsheaven.

Thentherewastheoldappletree.Itsitsonanundevelopedlandinmyneighborhood.Itbelongstonooneandthereforetoeveryone.Thetree"sdark,twistedbranchesstretchinunprunedabandon.Eachspringitblossomssofreelythattheairfillswiththefragranceofapple.WhenIdrivebywithmywindowsrolleddown,itgivesmethefeelingofmovinginanotherworld,likeakidonawaterslide.

Untillastyear,IthoughtIwastheonlyoneawareofthistree.Andthenoneday,inafitofspringmadness,Isetoutwithaprunerandcutoffafewunorderedbranches.NosoonerhadIarrivedunderthetreethanneighborsopenedtheirwindowsandsteppedontotheirporches.ThesewerepeopleIbarelyknewandseldomspoketo,butitwasasifIhadcomeunbiddenintotheirpersonalgardens.

Mymobile-homeneighborwasthefirsttospeak."You"renotgoingtocutitdown,areyou?"sheaskedanxiously.AnotherneighborfrownedasIcutoffabranch."Don"tkillit,now,"hecautioned.

Soonhalftheneighborhoodhadjoinedmeundertheappletree.ItstruckmethatIhadlivedthereforfiveyearsandonlynowwaslearningthesepeople"snames,whattheydidforalivingandhowtheypassedthewinter.Itwasasiftheoldappletreewasgatheringusunderitsbranchesforthedualpurposeofacquaintanceshipandsharedwonder.Icouldn"thelprecallingRobertFrost"swords:

Thetreesthathaveitintheirpent-upbuds

Todarkennatureandbesummerwoods.

Onethawledtoanother.JusttheotherdayIsawoneofmyneighborsatthelocalstore.Hesaidhowthisrecentwinterhadbeenespeciallylongandcomplainednothavingseenorspokentoanyoneinourneighborhood.Andthen,helookedatmeandsaid,"Weneedtoprunethatappletreeagain."（分?jǐn)?shù)：12.50）(1).Bysayingthat"myspiritebbs"(Para.1),theauthormeansthat______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.50）

A.hewasrelieved

B.hewasgloomy

√

C.hewassurprised

D.hewastired解析：[解析]從第1段第4句中鄰居所說的“再等等吧”以及第1句中的EveryAprilIamtroubledbythesameconcern可知，和前那個(gè)四月的下雪天初次來到緬因州時(shí)同樣，作者目前來到此地時(shí)，心情低沉，緊張春天不會(huì)來了。因此，myspiritebbs是指“情緒低落”，ebb的意思是“(潮)退；(情緒)低落、衰退”，選B。(2).Theappletreementionedinthepassageismostlikelyto______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.50）

A.beregardedasadelightintheneighborhood

√

B.havebeenabandonedbyitsoriginalowner

C.havebeenneglectedbyeveryoneinthecommunity

D.beattractiveonlytotheauthor解析：[解析]第3至5段作者講述了自已的經(jīng)歷：給蘋果樹修剪枝丫時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)鄰居都走出來，拾分關(guān)懷蘋果樹的狀況。也由于這棵蘋果樹，“我”和鄰居之間的距離拉近了。最終一段講到一位鄰居提出再修剪一次蘋果樹，以把大家匯集起來。這些都闡明蘋果樹深得整個(gè)街區(qū)居民的愛慕，因此本題應(yīng)選A。注意不要被第2段第4句末尾的abandon誤導(dǎo)而選B，在原文中，abandon并不是“拋棄”之意，而是“無拘無束地生長(zhǎng)；放任”的意思。(3).InPara.3,"neighborsopenedtheirwindowsandsteppedontotheirporches"probablybecause______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.50）

A.theyweresurprisedthatsomeoneunknownwaspruningthetree

B.theywantedtopreventedtheauthorfrompruningthetree

C.theywereconcernedaboutthesafetyofthetree

√

D.theywantedtogettoknowtheauthor解析：[解析]根據(jù)第4段鄰居們所說的話“你不會(huì)把它砍倒的，對(duì)吧?”、“別弄死它!”以及anxiously和cautioned等詞可以懂得鄰居是由于緊張?zhí)O果樹的安危，因此在作者開始修剪樹枝的時(shí)候，他們都走出來了。由此可見。本題應(yīng)選C。(4).Notuntillastyeardidtheauthor______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.50）

A.ceasetoworryaboutthetree

B.becomeawareoftheappletree

C.begintoappreciatetheneighborhood

D.makeacquaintancewiththeneighbors

√解析：[解析]根據(jù)題干中的untillastyear定位到第3段第1句。第3至5段可以視為文章的中心部分，這一部分講作者直到去年由于修剪蘋果樹才開始與鄰居有了交流。第3段中的ThesewerepeopleIbarelyknewandseldomspoketo以及第5段中的forthedualpurposeofacquaintanceship直接闡明本題應(yīng)選D。(5).Theauthor"sneighbormentionedinthelastparagraphmostcaredabout______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.50）

A.whenspringwouldarrive

B.howtopassthelongwinter

C.theneighborhoodgathering

√

D.thepruningfortheappletree解析：[解析]在最終一段最終兩句中，一位鄰居埋怨今年冬天都沒有和鄰居們見會(huì)面、說說話，最終他提出還得給蘋果樹修修枝。對(duì)于住在這個(gè)街區(qū)的人來說，給蘋果樹修枝就意味著鄰裏的聚會(huì)，由此可見，這位鄰居最關(guān)懷、最想做的其實(shí)是“鄰裏聚會(huì)”，因此本題應(yīng)選C。三、TEXTB(總題數(shù)：2，分?jǐn)?shù)：22.50)Jobstressandworryingaboutjobsecuritycanbothtakeatollonawoman"sbody,althoughthetwoissuesaffectfemalehealthdifferently,accordingtoresearchpresentedlastmonthattheAmericanHeartAssociation"sAnnualMeetinginChicago.Butwhetherchronicwork-relatedstressiseatingatyournervesorballooningyourwaistline,therearenaturalsolutionswithnotoxicsideeffectsthatyoucanusetorelaxthepressure.

Inarecentstudylookingatworkstressandwomen,researchersfromHarvardandBrighamandWomen"sHospitalstudiedmorethan17,000otherwisehealthywomen,generallyintheir50s,enrolledintheWomen"sHealthStudyfor10years.Womenwhoreportedwork-relatedstrain,suchashavinglittleornoauthorityoverdecisionsorbeingunabletocontributecreativityandskillstothejob,wereupto88percentmorelikelytoexperienceaheartattackthanwomenwhoreportednoworkstrain.Overall,workingwomenreportinghighjobstrainfaceda40percenthigherrateofcardiovascular(心血管的)disease,too.

Worryingaboutlosingajobdidnotappeartoincreaseheartattackrisk,butitwaslinkedtoobesity,highbloodpressure,andhighcholesterol(膽固醇),allofwhichcaneventuallyleadtocardiovasculardisease.

PreviousresearchoutoftheUniversityofOregonhasfoundthatyoucouldadoptstress-zappingpropertiesofIntegrativeBody-MindTraining(IBMT)beforetheworkweek"sout.Afterpracticingitfor20minutesadayforfivedaysinarow,participantsreportedreducedstressandincreasedenergy.PreventionsuggeststhisintroIBMTexercise:Sitquietlyinacomfortableposition.Closeyoureyesandthinkofyourmindasafullcup;asthoughtscomeandgo,keepreturningtoanimageofthecupbecomingempty.Repeatforfiveminutes.

Regardlessofyourmeditationstyle,knowthis:Comparedtonon-meditators,womenwhopracticemeditationenjoyuptoa66percentdropinstresshormonelevels,whichcandramaticallyimprovehearthealth.

Ifyou"reinneedofanemergencyquickfreak-outfix,reachforapieceofgum.(Avoidartificialsweetenedgum,though—somearelinkedtohealthissues.)Onestudyfoundthatchewinggumboostsbloodflowtothebrainbyupto40percent,helpingyoustaycalmandinthepresent.Thispreventsyoufromponderingoversomeaggravatingofficeevent.

Youdon"tneedtobeamonktoenjoythebenefitsofmeditation.Infact,moreandmoreWesternintegrativemedicinepractitionersareusingitasanontoxichealthimprover.（分?jǐn)?shù)：12.50）(1).Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanprobablyleadtowomen"swork-relatedstrain?（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.50）

A.Theyarenotcreativeenoughintheirwork.

B.Theycouldnotaffordtolosetheirjob.

C.Theyhavenosayindecision-making.

√

D.Theyareunderpaidcomparedwithmen.解析：[解析]根據(jù)work-relatedstrain定位到第2段。由題干中的leadto可知本題規(guī)定查找因果關(guān)系。該段第2句suchas後列舉了哪些方面會(huì)給女性導(dǎo)致工作壓力，C與suchas後的haying...noauthorityoverdecisions同義，都是“沒有決定權(quán)”的意思，故C為本題答案。A最具干擾性，文中提到了女性u(píng)nabletocontributecreativityandskills.這表明她們感到有壓力是由于她們的發(fā)明力和技能沒有發(fā)揮的機(jī)會(huì)，由此可見A“她們?cè)诠ぷ魃系陌l(fā)明力局限性”理解錯(cuò)誤。(2).Theword"zapping"(Para.4)isclosestinmeaningto______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.50）

A.relieving

√

B.specifying

C.preventing

D.aggravating解析：[解析]第4段第2句指出Afterpracticingit...,participantsreportedreducedstress，而此處的it指的就是IBMT這種訓(xùn)練法。據(jù)此可推斷上一句中的stress-zappingproperties應(yīng)當(dāng)是指“緩和壓力的工具”的意思，故zapping應(yīng)為“緩和”的意思，因此本題應(yīng)選A。(3).Meditationbenefitsourheartby______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.50）

A.boostingbloodflowinthebrain

B.increasingstresshormonelevels

C.slowingbloodflowinthebrain

D.reducingstresshormonelevels

√解析：[解析]根據(jù)題干中的meditation，benefit，heart等定位到第5段。該段的非限制性定語從句表明主句的內(nèi)容就是冥想能改善心臟健康狀況的原因，D與文中的dropinstresshormonelevels同義，故D為本題答案。(4).Theauthormostprobablyagreesthatartificialsweetenedgum______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.50）

A.isnoteffectiveinreducingstress

B.maycausesomehealthproblems

√

C.shouldbeavoidedalthoughitishealthful

D.isharmfulforone"shealthduetoitssugarcontaining解析：[解析]根據(jù)題干中的artificialsweetenedgum定位到第6段第2句，括號(hào)裏面的somearelinkedtohealthissues表明嚼人造加糖口香糖會(huì)引起健康問題，B與此內(nèi)容最為相近，故為本題答案。在原句中，though用于指示reachforapieceofgum和Avoidartificialsweetenedgum之間的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，不表達(dá)括號(hào)內(nèi)破折後前後內(nèi)容形成轉(zhuǎn)折，故C有悖于原義；D中的duetoitssugarcontaining屬于無中生有。(5).What"sthefunctionofthelastfourparagraphsinthepassage?（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.50）

A.Toillustrateaproblemwithexamples.

B.Toprovidetipsforsolvingaproblem.

√

C.Toindicatetheresultsofaproblem.

D.Torevealthecausesofaproblem.解析：[解析]仔細(xì)閱讀最終四段，可發(fā)現(xiàn)作者提到了兩種緩和壓力的措施：冥想和嚼口香糖。也就是說，本文前三段先提出了女性工作壓力大會(huì)影響健康這個(gè)問題，後四段則提供了處理的措施，可見，後四段的功能可以概括為B。Patientsanddoctorshavelongunderstoodthepoweroftellingandlisteningtopersonalnarratives.Whetheramongpatientsinpeersupportgroupsorbetweendoctorsandpatientsintheexamroomorevenbetweendoctorsduringconsultations,storiesareanessentialpartofhowwecommunicate,interpretexperiencesandincorporatenewinformationintoourlives.

Despitetheexistenceofstorytellinginmedicine,researchonitseffectsintheclinicalsettinghasremainedrelativelythin.Whileimportant,avastmajorityofstudieshavebeenanecdotal,offeringupneitherdatanorstatisticsbutratherstoriestobackuptheauthors"claims.

NowTheAnnalsofInternalMedicinehaspublishedtheresultsofaprovocativenewtrialexaminingtheeffectsofstorytellingonpatientswithhighbloodpressure.Anditappearsthatatleastforonegroupofpatients,listeningtopersonalnarrativeshelpedcontrolhighbloodpressureaseffectivelyastheadditionofmoremedications.

"Tellingandlisteningtostoriesisthewaywemakesenseofourlives,"saidDr.ThomasK.Houston,leadauthorofthestudy."Thatnaturaltendencymayhavethepotentialtoalterbehaviorandimprovehealth."

Expertsinthisemergingfieldofnarrativecommunicationsaythatstorytellingeffectivelycounteractstheinitialdenialthatcanarisewhenapatientlearnsofanewdiagnosisorisaskedtochangedeeplyfixedbehaviors.Patientsmayreacttothisnewsbythinking,"Thisisnotdirectlyrelatedtome,"or"Myexperienceisdifferent."Storieshelpbreakdownthatdenialbyengagingthelistener,oftenthroughsomedegreeofidentificationwiththestorytelleroroneofthecharacters.

"Themagicofstoriesliesintherelatednesstheyfoster,"Dr.Houstonsaid."Marketershaveknownthisforalongtime,whichiswhyyouseesomanystoriesinadvertisements."

Dr.Houstoniscurrentlyinvolvedinseveralmorestudiesthatwillexaminethebroaderuseofstorytellinginpatientcareanddescribewaysinwhichitcanbestbeintegrated.Nonetheless,heremainscertainofonething:Sharingnarrativescanbeapowerfultoolfordoctorsandpatients.

"Storytellingishuman,"Dr.Houstonsaid."Welearnthroughstories,andweusethemtomakesenseofourlives.It"sanaturalextensiontothinkthatwecouldusestoriestoimproveourhealth."（分?jǐn)?shù)：10.00）(1).Claimsinanecdotalstudiesaresupportedby______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.50）

A.solidevidence

B.personalnarratives

√

C.systematicdata

D.scientificstatistics解析：[解析]根據(jù)題干中的anecdotalstudies定位到第2段最終一句。該句中的分詞構(gòu)造offering...闡明了這些研究不靠data或statistics說話，只依托stories。根據(jù)第1段可知stories就是personalnarratives的意思，因此本題應(yīng)選B。(2).WhatdoesthestudyledbyDr.ThomasK.Houstonfocuson?（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.50）

A.Whetherstorytellingreallyexistsinmedicine.

B.Howwemakesenseoflivesbystorytelling.

C.Theeffectsofstorytellinginclinicalsetting.

√

D.Patients"anddoctors"attitudestostorytelling.解析：[解析]根據(jù)題干中的Dr.ThomasK.Houston定位到第4段。雖然題干中的人名在第4段提到，但由這位醫(yī)生領(lǐng)頭的研究是什么在之前就有簡(jiǎn)介了。第3段第1句中講到該研究重要是有關(guān)“講故事對(duì)高血壓病人的效果”，這可以概括為“講故事”的臨床效果的研究，由此可見，本題應(yīng)選C。(3).AccordingtoPara.5,patientsmayfindthatthestoriesare______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.50）

A.seldomdirectlyrelatedtothem

B.completelydifferentfromtheirexperiences

C.moreinterestingthandiagnosesordoctors"advice

D.similartotheirexperiencesinonewayoranother

√解析：[解析]第5段最終一句指出了病人對(duì)“講故事”這種方式的態(tài)度。該句提到“故事”能讓聽者(即病人)放下抗拒情緒，由于病人或多或少會(huì)對(duì)講故事的人或故事中的人物產(chǎn)生認(rèn)同感，即他們可以產(chǎn)生共鳴，D與原文的意思最靠近，為本題答案。該段第2句中的news并不指“故事”，而是指第1句提到的“一種新的診斷”和“被規(guī)定變化積習(xí)”的消息，因此A、B不對(duì)的；C無原文支持。(4).Marketershavebeenawareoftheimportanceof______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.50）

A.establishingsimilaritiesbetweenstoriesinadsandconsumers

√

B.creatingadventurousexperiencesforconsumers

C.tellingandlisteningtostoriesinmedicine

D.sharingpersonalnarrativesbetweendoctorsandpatients解析：[解析]根據(jù)題干中的Marketers定位到第6段。查找到該段可知解題關(guān)鍵是Marketershaveknownthisforalongtime中this的所指，在該段中，this指第1句提到的內(nèi)容，而第1句中的關(guān)鍵詞是relatedness，即故事與聽者的有關(guān)性，故事能讓聽者產(chǎn)生共鳴。在營(yíng)銷上，即可以理解為要讓“消費(fèi)者在廣告故事中找到共鳴”。由此可見，本題應(yīng)選A。B無原文根據(jù)；C、D均與Marketers這一主題無關(guān)。四、TEXTC(總題數(shù)：2，分?jǐn)?shù)：27.50)Lisabeganwalkingupthesteephillleadingfromthegroupofshackswhereshelived.Sheworeasmall,fadedgreenhatwitharimbigenoughtoshadehereyesfromthesun.Lookingdown,shesawthepowderysoilscatterwitheachofhersteps.Everytimeshestopped,thedustwouldsettleinathinmistoverherdark,barefeet.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedtorestonabigrockbythesideofthepath.Sittingthere,shesawhermothercomeoutandstandonthesmallporch.Shewasabigwoman—notlikeLisa,whowassmallandthin.Lisatookafterherfatherwhohadalsobeensmall,orsohermothersaid.Lisadidn"trememberherfatherwellenoughtorecallwhathelookedlike.HeleftafterLisa"sfifthsisterwasbona.

Lisalookeddownagainandsawhermotherturninherdirection,herhandsrestingonherhips."Whatyoudoin"justsittin"there?"Lisacouldimaginehersaying."Girl,don"tyouknowI"mwaitin"forthingsfromthestore?"

"Comeonnow,stupid.Getup,"shetoldherself."She"sreallygonnabemadifyoudon"tgetgoingquick!"Shewalkedonhurriedly,overthehill.Thedirtpaththatshehadbeenwalkingonthereturnedintoaproperpavementwithasidewalkrunningalongeachside.

EverytimeLisawalkedthroughtownsheneverknewwhethersheshouldwalkintheroadoronthesidewalk.Shedidn"twanttobenoticed.Whenwalkingdowntheclean,tree-shadedstreetshewouldalwaysrealizeshehadnoshoesonandthatsheworeafadeddressandhat.Nowshestoppedandtriedbrushingsomeofthedustfromherclothes.Seeingthatthishadnoeffectonthedullanddirtycolorofthedress,shegaveasighandagainstartedtowalk.

Shewalkedanothertenminutesbeforeshereachedthestore.Lisasteppedinsideandfelttheairconditioningallaroundher.

"Wonderifthey"dmindmespendingthenighthere?"shethought,andthenlaughed."Letmesee—bread,sausage,lettuce.Iguessthat"sall."Asshereachedthecashier,shesuddenlywondered,"Oh,no!DoIhaveenoughmoney?"

"Seventy-twocents."

Shesighedandhandedthemanthreequarters.

"Seventy-twooutofseventy-five.Hereyougo—threecents."

Assheturnedtoleavethestore,abrightposterdrewherattention.Itread:"Hastheheatgotyoudown?Tryanice-creambar.Onlycents."Lisawalkedovertothedisplayandstaredatthefrozenchocolatebars.Herhandheldonlythreecents.Shelookedupatthesignagain,thendownatthefreezerandpulledoneout,justasanothercustomerwalkedaroundthecorner.Lisalookedupandsawhimwatchingher.Shehurrieddowntheaisle,glancingbacktoseeifhewasfollowing.Themancalledout:"Wait!Hey,wait!Youdidn"tpayforthat!"Heturnedtothecashier."Hey,thatgirl—shedidn"tpay."

"Huh?Ah—theycomeinhereanddothatallthetime.Neverbeentaughtanybetter.Oh,lethergo."Thecashiersaid.

Lisaranfastdowntheblackpavement.Herfeetburnedastheyslappedthehardroad.Sheheldontightlytothegroceriesandtoherice-creamandkeptrunning.Shestoppedwhenshereachedthatrockandsatonit.Thegroceriesslidthroughherarmontotheground,butshecontinuedtoholdtheice-cream.Withherfreehandsheslowlyremovedthewrapper.Theice-creambar,softfromtheheat,felloffthestickandontotheground.Lisasatverystillandstaredatthedryground.

Frombelowavoicecalledtoher.

"Lisa?Comeoverhere!I"vebeenwaitingforya.Comeon!Girl!"ButLisadidn"tmove.（分?jǐn)?shù)：15.00）(1).Lisa"shomecanbestbedescribedas______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.50）

A.dangerous

B.crude

√

C.beautiful

D.dirty解析：[解析]根據(jù)題干中的Lisa"shome定位到第1段。該段第1句中whereshelived指出Lisa的家在groupofshacks之中，shack一詞的意思是“簡(jiǎn)陋的小屋，窩棚”，表明Lisa居住的地方簡(jiǎn)陋、狹小，B修飾物時(shí)有“簡(jiǎn)陋”的意思，故本題應(yīng)選B。雖然該句中提到steephill，但不能由于Lisa的家位于陡峭的山上而說她家的房子“危險(xiǎn)”，故A不對(duì)的；第3句中的powderysoil和第4句中的dust描述的是路面的狀況，而不是她家的狀況，故D不對(duì)的。(2).WhatdidLisarememberaboutherfather?（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.50）

A.Shecouldonlyrecallthathewassmallandthin.

B.Shehadavaguememoryaboutherfather.

√

C.Sherememberedthathehadbeenillforlong.

D.Sheforgotaboutherfathercompletely.解析：[解析]第1段倒數(shù)第2句講到Lisa并不是拾分記得她父親長(zhǎng)什么樣子，B中的hadavaguememory與didn"tremember...wellenough同義，故為本題答案。由該段中的orsohermothersaid可知她是從她媽媽口中得知她父親很瘦小，她自已并不記得，故A不對(duì)的；C沒有原文根據(jù)；原文表明Lisa對(duì)她父親的長(zhǎng)相只是“記不清”了，而不是“完全忘掉了父親”，D與原文不符。(3).Lisahadto"getgoingquick"(Para.3)because______（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.50）

A.hermotheryelledatherwhenshewasresting

B.hermotherwouldbeatherifshedidn"tgotothestore

C.shehadtocomebackhomebeforedusk

D.shehadtobuysomegroceriesforhermother

√解析：[解析]根據(jù)接下來的段落可知Lisa要去鎮(zhèn)上的小店買某些食物(bread，sausage，lettuce)，由此可見，本題應(yīng)選D。第2段中的imagine表明那些話都是Lisa自已的想象，因此當(dāng)她坐在石頭上休息的時(shí)候，她媽媽并沒有朝她喊叫，故排除A；第3段原文中說“假如不趕緊走的話，媽媽一定會(huì)非常生氣的”，B中的beather與之不符；C沒有原文根據(jù)。(4).Lisastoletheice-creambarbecause______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.50）

A.shedidn"twanttospendthethreecents

B.therewasn"tanybodyaround

C.itcostmorethanshecouldafford

√

D.thecashierwasverytolerant解析：[解析]根據(jù)題干中的ice-creambar定位到第10段。該段第6句Herhandheldonlythreecents中的only表明Lisa手中的錢不夠買一種冰激凌，因此本題應(yīng)選C。本題稍具干擾性的是D，第11段提到了收款員沒有追究Lisa的盜竊行為，但要注意的是，作者在第10段講述Lisa偷冰激凌時(shí)，并沒有提到Lisa考慮過收款員會(huì)不會(huì)追究?？梢?，收款員的寬厚態(tài)度和Lisa的盜竊行為無因果關(guān)系，因此排除D。(5).WhatdidLisadowiththeice-creambar?（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.50）

A.Sheshareditwithhersisters.

B.Shedumpeditontheground.

C.Shesawitmeltontheground.

√

D.Sheateitassoonasitwasunmelted.解析：[解析]倒數(shù)第3段最終兩句講到“冰激凌被高溫熔化，掉到地上。Lisa靜靜地坐著，盯著地面”，C與該意思一致，因此本題選C。冰激凌是由于熔化而掉到地上的，并不是Lisa把它扔在地上，因此B說法錯(cuò)誤。(6).Attheendofthestory,thevoicewas______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.50）

A.Lisa"smother"s

√

B.thecashier"s

C.fromLisa"sheart

D.merelyLisa"sillusion解析：[解析]第2段中，Lisa想象了她媽媽會(huì)和自已說的話。對(duì)比最終一段，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)兩處引號(hào)裏的內(nèi)容基本相似，稱呼都是“girl”，均有doin"，ya等非純粹英語的發(fā)音，故這段應(yīng)當(dāng)是Lisa的媽媽催促她回去的話，因此選A。Istillremember—myhandsandmyfingertipsstillremember—whatusedtolieinstoreforusonourreturntoschoolfromtheholidays.Thetreesintheschoolyardwouldbeinfullleafagainandtheoldleaveswouldbelyingaroundinscatteredheapslikeamuddyseaofleaves.

"Getthatallsweptup!"theheadmasterwouldtellus."Iwantthewholeplacecleanedup,atonce!"Therewasenoughworkthere,tolastforoveraweek.Especiallysincetheonlytoolswithwhichwewereprovidedwereourhands,ourfingers,ournails."Nowseethatit"sdoneproperly,andbequickaboutit,"theheadmasterwouldsaytotheolderpupils,"oryou"llhavetoanswerforit!"

Soatanorderfromtheolderboyswewouldalllineuplikepeasantsabouttocutandgatherincrops.Iftheworkwasnotgoingasquicklyastheheadmasterexpected,thebigboys,insteadofgivingusahelpinghand,usedtofinditsimplertowhipuswithbranchespulledfromthetrees.Inordertoavoidtheseblows,weusedtobribeourtyrantswiththejuicycakesweusedtobringforourmiddaymeal.Andifwehappenedtohaveanymoneyonusthecoinschangedhandsatonce.Ifwedidnotdothis,ifwewereafraidofgoinghomewithanemptystomachoranemptypurse,theblowswereredoubled.Theyhitussoviolentlyandwithsuchdevilishenjoymentthatevenadeafanddumbpersonwouldhaverealizedthatwewerebeingwhippednotsomuchtomakeusworkharder,butrathertobeatusintoastateofobedienceinwhichwewouldbeonlytoogladtogiveupourfoodandmoney.

Occasionallyoneofus,wornoutbysuchcalculatedcruelty,wouldhavethecouragetocomplaintotheheadmaster.Hewouldofcoursebeveryangry,butthepunishmenthegavetheolderboyswasalwaysverysmall—nothingcomparedtowhattheyhaddonetous.Andthefactisthathowevermuchwecomplainedoursituationdidnotimproveintheslightest.Perhapsweshouldhaveletourparentsknowwhatwasgoingon,butsomehowweneverdreamedofdoingso;Idon"tknowwhetheritwasloyaltyorpridethatkeptussilent,butIcanseenowthatwewerefoolishtokeepquietaboutit,forsuchbeatingswerecompletelyforeigntoournature.（分?jǐn)?shù)：12.50）(1).Thestatement"myhandsandmyfingertipsstillremember"(Para.1)meansthat______.（分?jǐn)?shù)：2.50）

A.theauthor"shandswereseverelyinjuredinthecleaningup

B.theauthorseldomdidsuchhardworkasthecleaningup

C.theauthorwasbulliedbythebigboysinthecleaningup

D.theauthor"shandswerehisonlytoolforthecleaningup

√解析：[解析]作者一開始用了兩個(gè)remember表明他對(duì)暑假返校要清除落葉一事記憶深刻。第2段提到自已在為學(xué)校清除落葉時(shí)，沒有別的工具，唯一的工具就是手，由此可推斷“手和指尖都記得”是由于在大掃除中，作者的手作為唯一的清清工具受了不少罪。在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，與“手”有關(guān)的只有A和D，D直接來源于原文，而A中的wereseverelyinjured無原文根據(jù)，故本題答案為D。(2).Theheadmasterwouldtellthestudentstocleanuptheschoolatthebeginningofthe