2024年小升初英語銜接：特殊句式（原卷版）

銜接點10特殊句式（小初考點差異及銜接）

素養(yǎng)目標

小學要求主要學習疑問句、感嘆句、Therebe句型

1、陳述句的構成形式及基本用法；

2、疑問句的構成形式及基本用法；

初中要求

3、祈使句的構成形式及基本用法；

5、由what,how引導的感嘆句的構成形式、用法及區(qū)別。

知識梳理

1_____________

【小學特殊句式考點聚焦】

感嘆句

1.選詞填空

WhatHowWhataWhatan

⑴__________nicetheskirtis!⑵一______hotitistoday!

⑶__________bighorsestheyare!(4)—______interestingbookitis!

(5)__________cleverboyheis!(6)—______clevertheboyis!

⑺__________hardJackworks!(8)—______fastPeterruns!

(9)_____finedayitis!(10)_______nicepicturestheyare!

疑問句

在下面的橫線上填上恰當?shù)囊蓡栐~。

howlongwherehowmanywhenhowtallwhichwhywhose

howmuchwhohowfarwhathowoldhowhowheavy

(1)-istheweatherliketoday?-It*ssunny.

(2)-penisit?-ItsMary's.

(3)-doesLucycometoschool?-Shecomestoschoolbycar.

(4)-isyourjacket?-It*s100yuan.

(5)-isLucyfrom?-She,sfromAustralia.

(6)-areyou?-Pmelevenyearsold.

(7)-areyou?-Pm155cm.

(8)-areyou?-Pm60kg.

(9)-boysarethereinyourclass?-Therearetwelve.

(10)boyisyourbrother?-Theoneinaredcap.

(11)-isyourmathsteacher?-MrChenismymathsteacher.

(12)-isitV-Itsabout50kilometres.

(13)didyoustayinAmerica?-Fortwoweeks.

(14)doesyourfathergotowork?-At8:30a.m.

(15)-doyoulikewinter?-BecauseIcanskate.

Therebe句型

1.選擇正確的詞填空。(16分)

(l)There(is/are)sevendaysinaweek.

(2)There(is/are)somemilkinthefridge.

(3)There(is/isn't)anymoneyinhispocket.

(4)There(is/was)abridgethreeyearsago.

(5)(Is/Are)thereanyapplesonthetable?

(6)There(is/are)aChinesebookandthreemathsbooksinmybag.

(7)There(are/aren't)anysheepatthisfarm.

(8)There(is/are)somebreadforyou.

【初中特殊句式考點聚焦】

^=@考點清單^=

簡單句的特點：簡單句通常只由一個主語(或并列主語)和一個謂語(或并列謂語)構成。一般分為陳述句、疑

問句、感嘆句和祈使句四種。

一、陳述句：

用來說明一個事實的句子叫陳述句。它有肯定式和否定式兩種形式。

陳述句的肯定式：

Heisamiddleschoolstudent.(他是個中學生)

Ihaveahammerinmyhand.(我手上有把錘子)

Sheteachesusgeography.(她教我們地理)

Thenewplaywasgoodenoughandeverybodyenjoyedit.(新的話劇非常好大家都喜歡)

陳述句的否定式：

1.謂語動詞如果是be、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞時，在它們的后面加“not”。

如：Mybrotherisnotateacher.(我的弟弟不是教師)

Hedoesnothaveacousin.(他沒有堂兄弟)

Iwillnotgotheretomorrow.(明天我不去那兒)

Youmustnotmakesuchmistakesagain.(你不該再犯類似錯誤了)

2.謂語動詞如果沒有上述詞語而是其他動詞時，須在它的前面加donot(don9t).

如：Idon'tknowanythingaboutit.(此事我一無所知)

LiMingdoesnotfeedpigsinthecountryside.（李明不在農(nóng)村養(yǎng)豬）

Wedidn'texpecttomeetherrighthere.（我們沒指望著在這里見到她）

Wedidn'thaveameetingyesterdayafternoon.（昨天下午我們沒有開會）

［注意］

1.句子中如果有alkboth>verymuch/well等詞時，用not一般構成部分否定，如果要完全否定，則通常使用none、

neither>not...atall

如：Allofthemwentthere.—?Noneofthemwentthere.（他們?nèi)既チ四抢铷D他們?nèi)紱]去那里）

2.句子中含有l(wèi)ittle、few>too（太）、hardly>never、neither>nor、seldom等詞時,則視為否定句。

如：Fewpeoplelivetherebecauselifethereisveryhard.（幾乎沒有人生活在那里因為那里的生活太艱難了）

二、疑問句

一般疑問句：用“yes”或“no”來回答的疑問句叫做一般疑問句。

1.一般疑問句構成：句中謂語動詞是be、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞時，則將它們（提前）放到主語前面。

如：Isheanengineer?（他是工程師嗎？）

Haveyougottoday'snewspaper?（你有今天的報紙嗎？）

Shallwegotoseeafilmthisevening?（我們今晚去看電影好嗎？）

Canyouexplainit?（你能解釋它嗎？）

Isthereanyfishforsupper?（晚飯有魚嗎？）

Wouldyouliketogooutforawalk?（你想出去散步嗎？）

謂語動詞如果沒有上述詞語而是其他動詞時，則在主語前面加助動詞do/does/did,原來的謂語動詞改為原

形。

如：Doyougetupatsixeverymorning?（你天天早晨六點起身嗎？）

Doesshestudyhard?（她學習努力嗎？）

Didyougothereyesterday?（昨天你去那兒了嗎？）

2.一般疑問句的回答：

一般疑問句通常用簡略形式來回答。如：

Willyoujoinusinplayingbasketball?（你力口入我們打籃球好嗎？）

―Yes,wewill.（是的我們會。）/一No,wewont（不我們不會。）

3.一般疑問句的否定結構（即否定形式的一般疑問句）表示驚奇、責怪、建議、看法等，只要將“not”置于主語

之后或者將“not”放到主語之前與be,have等助動詞或情態(tài)動詞合并在一起就可以了。

如：Willhenotcome?（他難道不來嗎？）

Isn'tyoursisteraPartymember?（你的姐姐不是黨員嗎？）

這種否定結構的疑問句的回答與漢語的習慣不同。如果回答是肯定的，就用“yes+肯定結構'如果回答

是否定的，就用“110+否定結構”。（情況與反意問句類似。）

如：Can"heanswerthequestion?（他不能回答這個問題嗎？）

一Yes,hecan.（不.他能回答這個問題。）一No,hecan't.（是的.他不能回答這個問題。）

特殊疑問句

L特殊疑問句結構是：

疑問代詞

除who以外的疑問代詞短語+一般疑問句+?

疑問副詞

如：Whatdoyouwant?（你要什么？）

Who（m）areyoulookingfor?（你在找誰?）

Whichclassareyouin?（你在哪班？）

Whendidyougetupthismorning?（你今早什么時候起身的？）

Wherehaveyoubeen?（你到哪兒去了？）

Whydidhegotobedsoearly?（他為什么這么早睡覺？）

Howdidyougothere?（你是怎么去的那兒？）

但是,“who”引出的詢問主語或主語部分相關詞的特殊疑問句的結構與陳述包詞序相同：

如：Whoisdancingoverthere?（誰在那邊跳舞？）

有時“what”,“which”,“whose”也可以引出與陳述句詞序相同的特殊疑問句。

如：Whatisonthewall?（什么東西在墻上？/墻上有什么？）

Whichisyours?（哪個是你的？）

Whosebookisinyourbag?（誰的書在你的書包里？）

［注意］從陳述句改為特殊問句時，先將句子改為一般問句，再將（劃線）提問部分更改為疑問詞置于句首，特別

要注意助動詞的使用！如果只對主語或主語的修飾詞提問，那么只需要將疑問部分改為疑問詞即可。

2）常用疑問代詞和疑問副詞

疑問代詞疑問副詞

what,who(whom,whose),whichwhen,where,why,how(often,far,long,soon,old,many,much)

疑問詞提問對象

對主語，謂語、表語、賓語提問

Whatmakesyousoworried?Theexammakesmesoworried.

What（什么）Whatareyoudoing?IamwatchingTV.

Whatisthis?Thisisaruler.

Whatcanyousee?Icanseeadog.

對主語提問

Who(誰)

Whoisourmonitor?Tomisourmonitor.

Which（哪個）對定語提問

Whichskirtdoyouprefer?Iprefertheredone.

When（什么時對時間提問

候）Whendoyougetupeveryday?Igetupat6o'clock.

對地點提問

Where（哪里）

Wherearethey?Theyareathome.

對原因提問

Why（為什么）Whydidn'tyoufinishyourjobintime?BecauseIwasverytired.

Whydoyoustudysohard?Topasstheexam.

對表示方式、程度的詞提問

How（怎樣）Howdoyougotoschool?Igotoschoolbycar./by+doinc.

Howisyourschoolday?Ifs200d.

對年齡提問

Howold（多大）

Howoldisyourson?Heistwoyearsold.

Howmany對數(shù)量提問,后接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)

（多少）Howmanyteachersarethereinyourschool?Therearethreeteachersinmyschool.

對數(shù)量提問后接不可數(shù)名詞/對錢提問

Howmuch

Howmuchwaterinthebottle?Thereisalittlewaterinthebottle.

（多少）

Howmucharethesocks?Thesocksareseverdollars.

Howlong對時間段提問

（多長時間）Howlongdoesittaketogotoschool?Ittakesme2hourstogotoschool.

Howoften對頻率提問

（多久）Howoftendoyoudoexercise?Idoexerciseonceaweek.

對距離提問

Howfar（多遠）

Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?Itis3kmfrommyhometoschool.

Howsoon對將來時間提問

（多久后）Howsoonwillyoufinishyourwork?Iwillfinishmyworkinanhour.

選擇疑問句：提出兩種或兩種以上情況,需要對方作出選擇回答的疑問句叫選擇疑問句。

1）構成：（1）|一般疑問句+or+第二選項二

（2）特殊疑問句+第一選項（+第二選項）+or+第三選項？

2）選擇疑問句的結構與特殊疑問句相同,即要具體回答，不可以用yes/no回答。

如：Isyourfriendaboyoragirl?-Agirl.（—你的朋友是男孩還是女孩？一一是女孩。）

Whichdoyouprefer,coffeeortea?-Tea,please.（--你要哪一樣咖啡還是茶？——請來茶吧。）

Whichdoyoulikebest,singing,dancingorskating?

-Dancing,ofcourse.（----唱歌、跳舞和溜冰你最喜歡哪樣？--當然是跳舞啦?。?/p>

對點特訓

1.______isyourhometown?Ican'tfinditanywhereonthemap.

A.WhatB.WhichC.WhenD.Where

2.-______haveyoubeenamemberoftheYouthLeague?

一Forthreeyears.

A.HowlongB.HowmanyC.HowoftenD.Howfar

3.―______doyouplayvolleyball,Amy?

一Threedaysaweek.

A.HowlongB.HowsoonC.HowoftenD.Howmuch

4.-______didtheonlineconcertbegin?

-Youdidn'tmissanything.Ithasjustbegun.

A.WhenB.WhereC.WhatD.Why

5.-______isChina9sTiangongspacestationfromus?

——About400kilometersabovetheearth.

A.HowmuchB.HowoftenC.HowfarD.Howlong

6.-IlovethisT-shirt.________doesitcost?

一50yuan.Whynottryiton?

A.HowlongB.HowoftenC.HowoldD.Howmuch

7.—______willyouleaveforcamping?

-Thisweekend.Everythingisreadyforthepicnic.

A.WhenB.WhereC.HowD.Why

8.-______canyouskiprope,Linda?

一Over200timesinaminute.

A.HowsoonB.HowfarC.HowfastD.Howlong

三、祈使句

祈使句用來表示請求、命令等。它的主語you往往省略。

祈使句的肯定式：動詞（原形）+其他

如：Pleasegivemeahand.（請幫忙）/Shutup!（住嘴!）

祈使句的否定式：Don't+動詞原形+其他

如：Pleasedon,ttalkinlowvoices.（請不要低聲講話。）

Don'tlookback!（不要掉頭看。）

［注意］以Tet，s”引出的祈使句的否定結構,“not”應放在“l(fā)et、”后面。

如：Let飛nottroublehim.（我們不要打擾他。）

肯定祈使句前可以用助動詞來強調語氣。如：Pleased。helpme!（請千萬幫幫我。）

對點特叫

1.fasttoyourdreams,forifdreamsdie,lifeislikeabroken-wingedbirdthatcanneverfly.

A.HoldB.ToholdC.HeldD.Holding

2.一Cindy,outtherubbishwhenyouleave.AndI'lldothedishes.

—OK,Dad.

A.takeB.takesC.tookD.totake

3.-Yourroomisinaterriblemess，Tom.yourbookshereandtherenexttime.

一OK,.Tilputthemawayinfiveminutes,Mum.

A.Don'tleave;Iwon'tB.Won'tleave]will

C.Don'tleave;IwillD.Won^leave;Iwon't

4.MrLee,（notmix）yourlifeandworktogether.

5.（make）suretherearenomistakesinyourpaperandyoucanhanditin.

四、感嘆句

感嘆句用來表示喜怒哀樂等強烈感情。句末常用“！”

對含有形容詞的名詞短語感嘆的結構通常是：

What+（a/an）+（形容詞）+名詞+陳述句結構（主謂語］,用來強調句子中的名詞,

如：Whatagood*kindgirl（sheis）!（她是多么善良的好女孩!）/Whatbadweather（itis）!（天氣真糟糕!）

僅對形容詞或副詞進行感嘆的結構通常是：|How+形容詞/副詞+陳述句結構（主謂語）|，用來強調句子中的

形容詞、副詞或動詞。

如：Howcarefullytheoldmanwalks!（這老人走路真小心!）

Howdeliciousthefoodis!（這食品真好吃！）'

Howbeautiful!（真美呀!）

Howbeautifulthegirlis!=Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!

對點特訓

1.clevergirlKittyis!Shecancomeupwithsomecreativewaystofinishtheproject.

A.WhatB.HowaC.HowD.Whata

2.greatscientistYuanLongpingis!Hespentallhislifeontheresearchofrice.

A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa

3.niceitistodrinkacupofcoffeeafterlonghours'work!

A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa

4.-greatsurprisetoseeyouhere,Daniel!

-Yeah.Wehaven?tseeneachotherforquitealongtime.

A.WhataB.WhatC.HowaD.How

6.doyouadmireYuanLongpingfor?

一Hedevotedallhislifetotheresearchanddevelopmentofbetterriceplants.

A.WhyB.WhatC.HowD.Where

7.Itisreallyapleasanttimetohaveapicniconawarmsunnyday.(改為感嘆句)

pleasanttimeitistohaveapicniconawarmsunnyday!

8.Dadusuallymakesbadplansbutthistimehegotitright,finally.asurprise!

9.1wasredintheface.IwishedIcoulddisappear!

10.thankfulIwastomyfriendJohn!

」箍合演練

一.情景對話

請通讀下面的對話，根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容,從方框內(nèi)的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有一項為多余選

項。

A

(JohnandhisfriendKatearetalkingonthephone.J=John,K=Kate)

J:Hello?

K:Hi,John!1Youweren'tatthepartylastSunday.

J:I'monvacationrightnow.

K:Great!2

J:Pmafraidnot.It'sanunusualbeach.Inmyopinion,thefewerpeople,thebetter.

K:3

J:That'strue.Thesunisshiningbrightlyandtheseaissobeautiful.

K:4

J:Nothingmuch.Ijustreadandresteveryday.Infact,Iwasasleepbeforeyourcall.

K:Oh,Pmsorry.5

J:Thanks.Seeyounextweek.

A.Whereareyou?

B.Thatsoundsnice.

C.IsitaplaceIknow?

D.Haveagreatvacation.

E.Manypeopleareattheparty?

F.Didyoudoanythingspecialthere?

B

Man:Goodmorning,welcometotheArtSchool.

Woman:Thanks.I'dliketojoinoneofyoureveningartcourses.

Man:OK.]

Woman:Chinesepaintingcourse.IlikeChinesepainting.2

Man:Yes,itis.Verybeautiful.Nowletsfillinthisform.3

Woman:LucyGreen.

Man:Whichcountryareyoufrom?

Woman:Well,4ButactuallyI'mAmerican.

Man:Isee.Nextquestion.Canyoutellmewhereyoulive?

Woman:5

Man:Thanks.Now,Illgiveyousomeinformation.

A.It*ssobeautiful.

B.Whichcourse?

C.IworkhereinEngland.

D.Whatsyourname,please?

E.Yes,it's58CharnwoodRoad.

F.HowdoyouknowaboutChinesepainting?

二.短文填空

Oneday,Iwantedmyfathertogetsomefruitforme.SoIsaidtomyfather,"Dad,1.here!^^

Whenmydadheardme,hecameoverrightaway.However,mymomsaidtome,"2.sayitthatway.

Sayitmorepolitely.9,

“Ididn*twantto,“Ireplied.t4Ifyoudon*tsayitpolitely,then3.watchingTVfromnowon!”my

momsaidangrily.

4.sadIwaswhenIheardthis!Thenmymomsaid,"5.youwantotherstobepolite

toyou?Ifso,youshouldbepolitetootherstoo.”

Indeed,weshouldbepolite,oritmightmakeothersfeeluncomfortable.

三.方框選詞填空

askbedon'thelphowlong

makeneedwait

Pre-examstressisoneofthebiggestproblemsinstudents'lives.Itmakesyoufeelbadandstopsyoufrom

thinkingclearly.Sohere]sometipstohelpyoulowerthestressofexams.

Beorganizedandstartearly

Thebestwaytodealwithexamstressistohaveagoodstudyplan.Decidehowmuchtimetospendoneach

subject.Anddon't2untilthelastminutetostudyeverything.

Don'tbeafraidtoask

Whenwedon'tunderstandsomething,wefeelstressed.Ifsnormal.Butdon'tworryaboutit,dosomething

aboutit!3yourteacherforhelp.Allteacherswanttheirstudentstodowellinexams.

Healthybody,healthybrain

Yourbody4exerciseforyourbraintoworkbetter.Sodon'tstudyallthetime.Itcanjust5you

morestressed.Dosomesport,gotothegymorjustgoforawalk.Justgetupandmove!

Eatandsleepwell

It'simportantforyourbraintorest.6doyouneedtosleepeverynight?Atleasteighthours.Eata

healthydietandavoiddrinkswithcaffeinethatcanstopyoufromsleepingwell.

7keepyourstresstoyourself

Finally,ifyouhavefollowedallthisadviceandyoustillfeelstressed,thendon'tkeepitasecret.Talkto

someone,yourmumoryourdad,afriendorateacherandtellthemhowyoufeel.Weallneed_8

sometimes.

1.2.3.4.5.

6.7.8.

拓展培優(yōu)

Manfirstlanded（著陸）onthemoonin1969.Butdidyouknowthatmanwas

notthefirsttotravelaroundthemoon?

OnSeptember14,1968,theSovietSpaceProgramsenttwotortoises（烏龜）into

spaceforatriparoundthemoon.Afteraweek-longtrip,thetortoiseslandedin

theIndianOcean.TheytraveledbacktoMoscow（莫斯科）onOctober7.

Boththetortoisesstilllivedafterthetrip.Theylostabout10%oftheirbody

weight（體重），buttheywerestillhealthy.Theyweredissected（解剖）onOctober11,1968.Scientistswantedtosee

howtheirbodieschangedafterthespacetravel.Theyfoundthat"Eatingnofoodmadethetortoisesthinner.butnot

thespacetravel”.

Itshowedthattheanimalscouldliveaftertravelingaroundthemoon.Butthisdidnotmeanthatmancoulddothe

same.Thetwotortoiseswerethefirsttotravelaroundthemoonsuccessfully.Before1968otheranimalswerealso

senttotravelinspace,butmanyofthemcouldn'tlivetotravelbacktotheearth.

1.Howlongdidthetwotortoisestravelinspace?

2.Whywerethetwotortoisesdissected?

3.Whatmadethetwotortoiseslosetheirbodyweight?

4.Whendidthetwotortoisescomeback?

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

Acolorfulbalcony（PH臺）withfreshvegetablesandfruitshasturnedintoacommonsightthisyear.Shanghai,

Beijing,andDongguanareamongthetopfivecitiesforvegetablegrowers,whoaremainlyintheir20sand30s.

Coriander,chives,chilipeppersandtomatoesarethemostpopularchoices.

Inthefirstthreemonthsthisyear,salesofvegetableseedsonlinedoubled.LuZhipeng,whoheadsTmalfs

flowerdepartment,saidbalconygardeningisnowworth（值）tensofbillionsofyuan.

Infact,growingvegetablesinbalconygardensismorethanjustanachievement.Itisbecomingalifestyle.

ZhangMin,atwenty-year-oldgirl,onlyspentalittlemoneyonseedpackages,soilandflowerpotstobuilda

“fhrm"onher6-square-meterbalcony.6iIfeellikeyoungpeoplegrowingvegetablesonbalconiesisaspopularas

squaredancingisforourparents.9,Zhangsaid.Shehasharvestedsmalltomatoesthreetimesfromherbalcony

gardeninBeijing.Redpeppersandcoriandersareregularsinhergarden,andsheaddsthemtoherdisheswhen

cooking.

Forteenagers,balconygardeningisawaytoenjoynature.Especiallywhentheylivefarawayfromrealfields.

Andbytakingcareofvegetables,theylearntorespectlives.

1.Whatdopeopledoontheirbalconyaccordingtoparagraph1?

A.Theygrowvegetablesandfruits.B.Theysellvegetableseeds.

C.Theydosomereading.D.Theyplantflowers.

2.WhatdoesZhangMinthinkofbalconygardening?

A.Popular.B.Expensive.C.Meaningless.D.Educational.

3.WhatdoesZhangMinliketogrowonherbalcony?

A.Coriander,chivesandtomatoes.B.Chillipepper,tomatoesandchives.

C.Chillipepper,chivesandcoriander.D.Tomatoes,redpepperandcoriander.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“harvested-mean?

A.Sold.B.Bought.C.Collected.D.Watered.

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.Popularvegetableseeds.

B.Balconygardeningforchildren.

C.Topfivecitiesforvegetablegrowers.

D.Anewlifestyle-balconygardening.

①InDecember2021,peopleinShenzhenfoundthatwaterranmoreslowlyfromtheirtaps.Thegovernment

（政府）saidthecitywasfacingitsmostseriouswatershortageever.

②SomeothercitiesinthesouthernpartofChina,likeChengduandGuangzhou,arealsobecoming"thirsty”,

thePaperreported.Compared（相比）withnorthernareas,southernareashavemorerainandareclosetomore

riversandlakes.Sowhyaretheystillshortonwater?

③InbigcitieslikeShenzhenandGuangzhou,populationsaregrowingfast.Asaresult,peopleandfactories

needmoreandmorewater.EachpersoninShenzhenhasaboutonly200cubicmetersofwatereachyear.Ifs1/12

ofthecountry'saverage（平均水平）.AccordingtotheUnitedN