英語結(jié)構(gòu)語法之情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

英語結(jié)構(gòu)語法之情態(tài)動(dòng)詞二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞得基本用法1、can和could得用法。(1)表示驚訝,常用在否定句和疑問句中。Howcouldyoudosuchasillything?(2)cannot、、、too/enough表示“無論……也不過分;Youcan'tbetoocarefulwhiledriving、(3)表示能力IcanspeakEnglish、2、may和might得用法。(1)may和might表示“許可”,“可能性”,“祝愿”等意義。—MayIplaybasketballthisafternoon?—No,youmaynot、(2)“may/mightaswell＋動(dòng)詞原形”意為“最好,倒不如”。Forenvironmentalreasons,wemayaswelltakethesewasteproductsandhavethemrecycled、(3)may作“可以”講時(shí),其疑問句得否定回答常用“mustn't/can't”表示“禁止”;must作“必須”講時(shí),其疑問句得否定回答用“needn't”,表示“不必”?！狹ayIuseyourcar？我可以用您得車嗎？—No,youmustn't、不,不可以。(委婉得拒絕可用:Sorry,butIamusingitnow、或You'dbetternot、等)—MustIworkouttheproblemtonight?我今晚必須解決這個(gè)問題嗎？—No,youneedn't、不,您不必。3、must得用法。(1)表示禁止(用于否定句)?！癥oumustn'tsmokeinthebedroom,”Rosesaidtoherhusbandandpushedhimoutoftheroom、(2)表示“偏執(zhí)”,“固執(zhí)”。—CouldIhaveawordwithyou,Mum？—Ohdear,ifyoumust、好吧,親愛得,如果您偏要談得話。Mustyoumakesomuchnoise?您非得弄出這么大得聲嗎？4、shall得用法。(1)用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中,表示說話人征求對方Shallwebeginourclass？Shallthedriverwaitoutside？(2)用于第二、第三人稱陳述句中,表示說話人給對方得命令、警告、允諾或威脅。Ipromisedheshallgetapresentforhisbirthday、我許諾給她一件生日禮物。Youshallnotgetmysupportifyoudosuchathing、5、will和would得用法。(1)表示自愿做或主動(dòng)提出做什么,如意志、愿望或決心等。would用于過去得情況。Johnpromisedhisdoctorhewouldnotsmoke,andhehasneversmokedeversince、(北京高考)Ihavetoldhimagainandagaintostopsmoking,buthewillnotlisten、(2)would可以表示過去得習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,比usedto正式,但沒有“現(xiàn)已無此習(xí)慣”得含義。LastyearourEnglishteacherwouldsometimestellusstoriesinEnglishafterclass、去年我們得英語老師常常課后給我們講英語故事。三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞得比較(1)can(具備)和beableto(具體)Icanswim、Lastnight,afirebrokeout,buttheywereabletoescape、(2)must(主觀)和haveto(客觀)Youmustgonow、Ihavetogonow,becausetheyarewaitingforme、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞得比較(3)will(意愿)和begoingto(打算)Iwillhelpyouwheneveryouareintrouble、IwasgoingtoyourpartylastSaturday,butIhadanunexpectedguest、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞得比較(4)must(肯定推測)和cannot(否定推測)Hemustbeateacher、Hemustbesleepingnow、HemusthavearrivedinBeijingthen、Hecannotbeateacher、Hecannotbesleepingnow、HecannothavearrivedinBeijingthen、Mr、Bushisontimeforeverything、Howcanitbethathewaslateforthemeeting?大家學(xué)習(xí)辛苦了，還是要堅(jiān)持繼續(xù)保持安靜情態(tài)動(dòng)詞得比較(3)will和shall疑問句肯定句will第二人稱(征詢意見)所有人稱(意愿)shall一三人稱(征詢意見)二人稱(指令、承諾)will和shallIwilldoitforyou、Willyouerightaway?Shallheeinorwaitoutside?Youshallcleanthewholeclassroom、FatherpromisesthatTomshallgetanewbicycleforhisbirthday、四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone1、can/couldhavedone表示“本來可以做,而實(shí)際上未做”或者“過去可能”,疑問或否定形式表示對過去發(fā)生得行為表示懷疑或不肯定,其中can‘thavedone多用于語氣強(qiáng)烈得否定,意為“不可能做過”。Shecan'thaveleftschool,forherbikeisstillhere、Theaccidentcouldhavebeenavoided、(2)may/might+havedone表示對過去行為得推測,意為“可能做過”。might所表示得可能性比較弱,語氣較委婉。此外mighthavedone可表示“本可能做而實(shí)際上未做”。Sorry,I'mlate、Imighthaveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain、Ifithadnotbeenforthetrafficjam,Imighthavearrivedontime、(3)must+havedone表示對過去行為得推測,意為“一定,想必”,語氣十分肯定。Hemusthavepletedhiswork;otherwise,hewouldn'tbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside、(4)should+havedone表示過去本來應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上卻沒有做;shouldn‘thavedone表示過去本來不應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上卻做了。這一用法往往含有責(zé)備得意味。I'mnotfeelingwellinthestomach、Ishouldn'thaveeatensomuchfriedchickenjustnow、(5)needn't+havedone表示本來不必做某事而實(shí)際上卻做了、—Catherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou、—Thanks、Youneedn'thavedoneit、Icouldmanageitmyself、五、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞得“度”Must—oughtto—should—may—might

--WhencanIgetthephotos?Ineedittomorrow、--Itshouldbereadybynoon、Tommayetonight、Butheisnotsure、第十六組:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞151、她昨天不可能到達(dá)了北京,因?yàn)樗褪亲蛱焱砩铣霭l(fā)得。(否定推測)Hecouldn’thavearrivedinBeijing、Becausehesetoutlastnight、152、她現(xiàn)在一定在圖書館看書。(肯定推測)Hemustbereadinginthelibrarynow、153、她就是進(jìn)來呢,還就是在外面等。(shall)Shallheeinorwaitoutside、154、父親承諾瑪麗在生日一定會(huì)得到《哈利波特》這本書。(shall)FatherpromisesthatMaryshallgetHarryPotteronherbirthday、155、您不必告訴我這件事情,我已經(jīng)知道了。(need)Youneedn’ttellmethat,I’veknownit、156、任何人都可能犯錯(cuò)。(may)Anyonemaymakemistakes、157、Tom今晚也許會(huì)來,但她不太有把握。(may)Tommayetonight,butheisnotsure、158、令人難以置信得,像她這樣得紳士居然對這位女士如此粗魯。(should)Itwasstrangethatagentlemanlikehimshouldbesorudetothelady、159、我有急事要處理,車卻偏偏拋錨了。(must)Ihavesomethingurgenttodealwithbutmycarmustbreakdown、160、她一定已經(jīng)到達(dá)了上海,就是嗎？(反意疑問句)HemusthavearrivedinShanghai,hasn’the?解析:考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋完成時(shí)得用法。表示對過去已發(fā)生動(dòng)作得一種推測。haveahand意為“參與,插手”。答案:

may/might/couldhavehadahand1、(湖北高考)ItispossiblethattheKingofStonehengewaslinkedtothestones,he__________________(可能參與)inplayingthemonument,orinhelpingtransportandpullupthestones、(hand)解析:考查must＋完成式得用法,表示對過去已發(fā)生得動(dòng)作做出肯定性推測。stayup意為“熬夜”。答案:

havestayedup2、(湖北高考)Helookssleepy、Hemust___________(熬夜了)lastnight,writingtheessay、(stay)3、(湖北高考)It'ssaidthattheyhaveswumtotheislandfromthecontinent,butthey_________________(不可能做到)becausetheoceaninbetweenistoowide、(do)答案:

can't/couldn'thavedoneso/it/this/that1、(2011·黃石調(diào)考)Badluck!Butformyillness,I__________________________(一定在為您送行)attheairportnow、(see)答案:

mustbeseeingyouoff2、(2011·湖北部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)聯(lián)考)Theroadoutsideiswet、It________________________________(準(zhǔn)就是一直在下雨)lastnight、(rain)答案:

musthavebeenraining3、(2011·黃岡中學(xué)二模)Mybicycleisn'twhereIputit、Who________________________(可能移動(dòng))?(move)答案:

could/might/canhavemoved4、(2011·襄陽調(diào)考)Itisalready12∶30now,butDadhasn'teback、He________________________(肯定遇到)thetrafficjamonhiswayhome、(catch)答案:

musthavebeen/gotcaughtin5、(2011·湖北省部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)聯(lián)考)Iwasonthehighwaywhenacarpassedmefollowedbyapolicecar、It____________________(肯定一直在)drivingatleast150milesperhour、(must)答案:

musthavebeen6、(2011·宜昌模擬)Basedontherealstory,thefilm_______________