2024年高考英語(yǔ)押題卷1全國(guó)解析版

2024年高考英語(yǔ)押題卷01（全國(guó)通用）

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)和座位號(hào)填寫在答題卡

上。用2B鉛筆將試卷類型（A）填涂在答題卡相應(yīng)位置上。將條形碼橫貼在答題卡右上角”條形碼粘貼處”。

2.作答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目選項(xiàng)的答案信息點(diǎn)涂黑;如需改

動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。

3,非選擇題必須用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上;如

需改動(dòng)，先劃掉原來(lái)的答案，然后再寫上新的答案;不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案無(wú)效。

4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔：考試結(jié)束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂

到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分1.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C,￡9.15.

答案是C。

1.（2024?陜西漢中,統(tǒng)考一模）Whatistoblameaccordingtotheman?

A.Uncomfortableseats.B.Thetrafficnoise.C.MissLee'sweakvoice.

【答案】B

【原文】W:MissLee'svoiceissosoftthatIcanhardlyhearclearlywhatsheissaying.

M:Don'tblameher.Ifsthetrafficoutside.Nexttimeifsbettertositatthefront.

2.（2024?河南新鄉(xiāng),統(tǒng)考一模）Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?

A.Havearest.B.Dancewiththeman.C.Practicedancingforanotherhour.

【答案】A

【原文】M:Howdidyourdancinglessongotoday?

W:Exciting,butitwashardwork.Ireallyneedarestnow.

M:Yeah,Icanseethat.Goandgetrelaxed.

3.（2024?四川樂(lè)山?統(tǒng)考一模）Whatistheoccupationofthewoman?

A.Areceptionist.B.Asaleswoman.C.Awaitress.

【答案】A

【原文】W:Goodevening,Mister.IsthereanythingIcanhelpyou?

M:Yes,rdliketomakeareservationforJune24.Isthereastandardroomavailable?

W:Pleaseholdon.I'llcheckitforyou.

4.（2024?四川樂(lè)山?統(tǒng)考一模）Whenwastheshowduetostart?

A.At8:00pm.B.At9:00pm.C.At11:00pm.

【答案】A

【原文】W:Lookatthetime一9:00pm.Theconcertwassupposedtobeginanhourago.

M:Relax.Thesethingsneverstartontime.There?salwayssomedelaybeforeashowreallystarts.

W:Butmylastbusisat11:00pm.ThatmeansI'llmisssomeoftheshow.

5.（2024?四川樂(lè)山?統(tǒng)考一模）HowwillthewomanprobablygotoNewYork?

A.Bycar.B.Bytrain.C.Bybus.

【答案】B

【原文】W:WhatdoyouthinkisthebestwaytogettoNewYork?

M:Well,asithasbeenrainingheavilythesedays,takingabusordrivingyourowncarcanbedangerous.So,

takingthetrainmaybeyourbestchoice.

第二節(jié)（共15小題每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選

項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘聽(tīng)完后,

各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間，每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話，回答第6、7題。

（2024?四川樂(lè)山?統(tǒng)考一模）

6.Whydoesthemanfeeldiscouraged?

A.Becausehehasputonsomeweight.

B.Becausehedidn'tmakeittotheteam.

C.Becausehecouldn,tresistthedishesandsnacks.

7.Whatdoesthewomanthinkthemanshoulddo?

A.Joinafitnessprogramme.

B.Keephimselfhealthy.

C.Stopeatingdishesandsnacks.

【答案】6.B7.A

【原文】M:Hi,Tiffany.

W:Hi,Mark.Youlookverysadtoday.

M:Youknow,Iscored15goalslastyear,butIwasstillnotselectedfortheteam.Itjustdoesn'tmakesense.

W:Well,Ibelieveyou'veputonsomepoundsright?Sinceyourcomingbackafterthespringbreak,you'renotthe

playeryouusedtobe.

M:Yeah,IadmitIjustcouldn'tresistthedishesandsnacksmymummadeeveryday.

W:Howaboutussettingupafitnessprogrammeforyoutoloseweight?

M:OK.Howlongwillittake?

W:Togetyoubackinshape,atleastamonth.

M:Amonth?Icannotdoamonth!

W:Ifyouwanttobebackintheteam,thafswhatyouneedtodo.

聽(tīng)第7段對(duì)話，回答第8、9題。

（2024?四川瀘州??？家荒＃?/p>

8.Whatwillthewomandointheclub?

A.Cookalunch.B.Dothewashing-up.C.Workasadriver.

9.WhenwillMrs.Claragotothehospital?

A.NextTuesday.B.NextWednesday.C.NextFriday.

【答案】8.C9.A

【原文】W:Hello,rdliketodosomevolunteerservicetohelpothersinmyfreetime.WhatcanIdo?

M:Wesetupalunchclubfortheelderly.Somepeopleinneedarefromneighboringvillages,soweneedmore

drivers.

W:Tmwillingtohelpwiththat.SowhatexactlydoIneedtohelpelderresidents?

M:Well,infact,there'sMrs.Clara.SheneedsalifttothehospitalnextTuesday.Doesthatsuityou?

W:Yes.Noproblem.TilalsobefreenextFriday.

聽(tīng)第8段對(duì)話，回答第10至12題。

（2024?河南新鄉(xiāng)?統(tǒng)考一模）

10.Whoisthewomanprobably?

A.Abankmanager.B.Arestaurantowner.C.Alandagent.

11.Whydoesthemantalktothewoman?

A.Tosave$40,000.B.Toanswerquestions.C.Toborrowsomemoney.

12.Wheredoesthemanintendtosetuphisbusiness?

A.InLincolnRoad.B.Nexttothebank.C.Inhisgrandmother'shouse.

13.Whatdoesthewomanthinkisamustforthemantosetuphisbusiness?

A.Thelocation.B.Hisfutureplans.C.Enoughcustomers.

【答案】10.A11.C12.A13.B

【原文】W:Comein,sir.Pleasesitdown.

M:Thankyou.Thanksverymuchforfittingmein.Iknowyoumustbeverybusy.

W:Notatall.Wedotrytobeavailableasmuchaspossible.

M:Well,asyouknow,Fvecometoseeifthereisanychanceofthebanklendingmesomemoneytohelpmeset

upasmallrestaurantinthecenteroftown.

W:Well...Ineedtoaskyouoneortwoquestionstostartwith.Doyouhaveanycapitalofyourown?

M:Er,infact,Tvejustcomeintosomemoney.Yousee,mygrandmotherrecentlydiedandleftme$40,000whichI

wantedtouseforthebusiness.ButIstillneedmoremoneytostartmybusiness.

W:Isee.Andhaveyouactuallypickedoutasuitablelocationfortherestaurant?

M:Yes,Ithinkso.InLincolnRoad.Ifsonthegroundfloor.

W:Fine.Andhowaboutfutureplans?It'samust.Haveyoubroughtyourbusinessproposal?

M:Sure.Tvepreparedallforit.Hereyouare.

W:You'resocareful,sir.Andwe'llinformyouabouttheloanwithinthreedays.

M:Thankyou.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.

聽(tīng)第9段對(duì)話，回答第13至16題。

（2023?江西宜春?校聯(lián)考二模）

14.WhatshouldthewomanhandinnextMonday?

A.Afilmreview.B.Apassage.C.Asummary.

15.Howmanywordsdoesthewomanneedtowritefortheassignment?

A.About150.B.About120.C.About100.

16.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?

A.Rememberthenewwords.

B.Recitethetexttotheclass.

C.Copytheidiomsthreetimes.

【答案】14.C15.A16.A

【原文】M:Now,Iwillassignafewafter-classexercisesforyou.Pleaseopenyourbooksandturntopage167.

Haveyougotit,Mary?

W:Yes,Igotit.Ifstheshortpassage,“Grandpa'sGift”,right?

M:Yes.That'swhatI'dlikeyoutoreadafterclassandthenwriteasummary,whichwillneedtobehandedinnext

Monday.Anyquestions?

W:Yes.Mr.Smith,doyouhaveanyrequirementsaboutthelengthofthesummary?

M:Oh,asitisasummary,Idon'twantyoutomakeitverycomplicated,sokeepitshort,about150words.

W:OK,Iunderstand.Iwilltrytousewhatwe'velearnedtodayinthesummary.Arethereanyotherassignments?

M:Readthetextandmakesurethatyouunderstandthemeaningofthetext.Isuggestyoucopythetextthreetimes,

butyouneedn'tmemorizeit.Justtrytorememberallthenewwords.Besurethatyouknowtheirspelling,

pronunciationandmeaning.

W:OK,andIwillreviewtoday5slessonandlearnallthenewwordsbyheart.

聽(tīng)第10段對(duì)話，回答第17至20題。

（2023?江西撫州?金溪一中校聯(lián)考一模）

17.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Oldflatmates.B.Schoolmates.C.Newclassmates.

18.WhydidthewomanchooseWestVillageUniversity?

A.Itwasfairlyclosetoherhouse.

B.Itprovidedherwithascholarship.

C.Itwasrecommendedbyherparents.

19.Whatdidtheman'sbrothermajorinatcollege?

A.Psychology.B.Engineering.C.Business.

20.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotonight?

A.Eatout.B.Meetprofessors.C.Sharelivingfees.

【答案】17.B18.B19.C20.A

【原文】W:Hello,mynameisJoanneandIwillbeyournewflatmate.

M:Nicetomeetyou,Joanne.TmCarl.So,Ihearyou'reacollegestudentatWestVillageUniversity.Isthatright?

W:Yes.TmstudyingpsychologyatWestVillageandrilstartmyfirstyearthere.

M:That'sgreat.I'malsoastudentatWestVillageandFmstudyingengineeringinmysecondyear.Whatmade

youwanttogotoWestVillageUniversity?

W:Well,Iwasinbetweentwoschoolsatfirst-WestVillageUniversityandSacredHeartUniversity.Iendedup

choosingWestVillagebecausetheyofferedmeagenerousscholarship,whilemyparentsthoughtthatSacredHeart

Universitywasnearmyhouse.Howaboutyou,Carl?

M:IchoseWestVillageUniversitybecauseitwasfairlyclosetomyhomeandmybrotherhadattendedtheschool

beforeme.Hesaidhehadagreattimeinlearningbusiness.Hegavemeallthetipsandtricksaboutwhich

professorstofollowandwhattoavoid.

W:Todayisourfirstmeeting.Howabouthavingdinnertogether?Wecanhaveachataboutourhobbiesandliving

habits.

M:Soundslovely.Ifsmytreattoday.

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題:每小題2分，滿分30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

（2023?江西贛州?統(tǒng)考二模）FouroftheTop10FastestBulletTrainsintheWorld2023

FUXINGHAOCR400AF/BF-CHINA,249MPH

Theworld'sfastestlong-distancestandardtrainistheFuxingHaoCR400.ItrunsbetweenShanghaiand

Beijinginjustfivehours,withacapacityofover550passengers.Knownas“DolphinBlue"and"GoldenPhoenix^^

arethetwoversionsAFandBF,slightlydifferentfromeachother.FuxingHaodebuted（首秀）in2016andlowered

itssiblingHarmony380by13mphtosecondplace.

EUROSTARE320-THEUNITEDKINGDOM,200MPH

In2015,SiemenslaunchedtheEurostarE320,whoseinteriorsweredesignedbyfamousPininfarinaItalian

stylists.Thetrainwilleasilyaccommodate900people,20morethanEurostarE300.Eurostarisremarkably

environmentallysustainable,with90percentfeweremissionsperpassengerthanLondon'sflighttoParis.

TALGO350-SPAIN,217MPH

BuiltbyPatentesTalgo,theSpanishTalgo350runsbetweenMadridandBarcelona.InSpanish,thetrainhasa

nickname,"Pato/meaningduck.Thisisbecauseoftheraisednosecone(圓錐形)similartoaduckbill.Thereare

multipleclassesforseats:Club(with14-26seats),First(with26seats)andCoach(with36seats).Eachseatcomes

withlampsforreadingandlaptopandmobilephonechargingpowerpoints.

AGVITALO-ITALY,223MPH

IthasthedistinctionofbeingthefastesttraininEuropeat223mph.Nicknamed“Ferrariofthetracks/the

plumredtrainsareoperatedbyNuovoTrasportoViaggiatori,acompanyledbyLucaCorderodiMontezemolo,the

formerpresidentofFerrari.Thecompartmentsinitare9feettall,makingiteasiertonavigatewithbaggage,and

thereareluxuriousleatherseatsalsointhegeneralcompartments.

21.Whichofthefollowingisthefastesttrain?

A.FuxingHaoCR400.B.EurostarE320.

C.Talgo350.D.AgvItalo.

22.HowmanypeoplecanEurostarE300hold?

A.750.B.880.

C.900.D.920.

23.WhatdoTalgo350andAgvItalohaveincommon?

A.Theirownnickname.B.Strangeshapes.

C.Politicalbackgrounds.D.Largeseats.

【答案】21.A22.B23.A

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。介紹了2023年世界十大最快子彈頭列車中的四輛列車得基本信息。

21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FUXINGHAOCR400AF/BF-CHINA,249MPH標(biāo)題下“Theworld'sfastestlong-distance

standardtrainistheFuxingHaoCR400.（復(fù)世界上最快的長(zhǎng)途標(biāo)準(zhǔn)列車是復(fù)興號(hào)CR400。）可知，最快的火

車是復(fù)興號(hào)CR400。故選A項(xiàng)。

22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)EUROSTARE320-THEUNITEDKINGDOM,200MPH標(biāo)題下“Thetrainwilleasily

accommodate900people,20morethanEurostarE300.”（這列火車將輕松容納900人，比歐洲之星E300多20

人。）可知，歐洲之星E320可容納900人比歐洲之星E300多20人，推斷出歐洲之星E300可容納880人。

故選B項(xiàng)。

23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TALGO350-SPAIN,217MPH標(biāo)題下“InSpanish,thetrainhasanickname,Tato；

meaningduck.”（西班牙語(yǔ)中，火車有一個(gè)昵稱，“Pato”，意思是鴨子。）和AGVITALO-ITAIY,223MpH

標(biāo)題下“Nicknamed“Ferrariofthetracks,,theplumredtrainsareoperatedbyNuovoTrasportoViaggiatori,a

companyledbyLucaCorderodiMontezemolo,theformerpresidentofFerrari."（綽號(hào)”賽道上的法拉利”的梅紅

色列車由NuovoTrasportoViaggiatori運(yùn)營(yíng)，該公司由法拉利前總裁LucaCorderodiMontezemolo領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。）可

知，Talgo350和AgvItalo的共同點(diǎn)是他們都有自己的昵稱。故選A項(xiàng)。

B

（2023河南,高三校聯(lián)考開(kāi)學(xué)考試）WhenhurricanesleftapathofdestructioninPuertoRico,Pennsylvania

CollegeofTechnologystudentNataschaG.Santaellafeltavarietyofpainfulemotions.

“IspentaroundsixdaysstressingandhavingaveryhardtimewithmehavingalltheluxuriesIcurrentlydo

andmyfamilynothavingany,“theGuaynabo,PuertoRico,residentsaid.Santaellasaidthatherhometownis

withoutpowerandwater,andpeopletherearescaredofwhatistocome.

Toreduceherstress,Santaella,whoisstudyingforanassociatedegreeinbakingandpastryarts,immersed

（沉浸）herselfinwhatsheknowsbest:baking.6<Itstartedoutasjustbakingbreadandshippingittotheislandto

thenbedispersedtothepeople,butIfoundthatwasveryexpensiveformetodoalone,soIspokewithChef

CharlesNiedermyer,ourinstructorofbakingandpastryartsaboutasaleofbakedgoodsinthecollege'sBush

CampusCenter.

“Nataschaisabright,energeticyoungladywithabigheart,“Niedermyersaid."Iwasnotsurprisedtofindher

inmyoffice,lookingforwaystohelpthepeopleofPuertoRico.”

Toprepare,SantaellahadmultiplemeetingswithNiedermyer,spenthoursfinalizingrecipes,designedsignage

（標(biāo)志）anddecorations,andgotfriendstostaffthesaletablewithher.Andthentherewasthebaking:Santaellaand

twofriendsinthebakingandpastryartsmajorspentsixhoursbaking90loavesofbread,24dozendinnerrollsand

30cheesecakesinavarietyofflavors.

Duringthesix-hoursale,Santaellaandherfriendsraisedmorethan$1,000forUnitedforPuertoRico,an

initiativedesignedtoprovideaidandsupporttothoseaffectedinPuertoRicobythepassageofHurricaneIrmaand

HurricaneMaria.

“Ihopetomainlyincreaseawarenessofwhathashappened,andtoshowpeoplethattherearePuertoRican

studentsatthisschool,Santaellasaid.6tIhopethatothershadthegreatexperienceIhadwithallmyteachersand

howunderstandingtheywerewithme.”

24.WhydidSantaellafeelverystressed?

A.Becauseabighurricanewasapproaching.

B.Becauseshewasleftwithoutpowerandwater.

C.Becauseherfolksweresufferingduetohurricanes.

D.Becauseshelostallherbelongingsinthehurricane.

25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"dispersed“probablymeaninParagraph3?

A.Exposed.B.Connected.C.Distributed.D.Contributed.

26.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.PuertoRicomightbestrickenbyhurricanesfrequently.

B.NiedermyerrespondedtoSantaella^ideascoldly.

C.Santaellaorganizedthesaleathercollegeallalone.

D.PennsylvaniaCollegehasfewstudentsfromPuertoRico.

27.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.HurricaneCausesHugeLossestoPuertoRico

B.StudentPutsSkillstoUsetoHelpHerHometown

C.CollegeStudentShowsBakingSkillsThroughSales

D.TeacherandStudentsWorkTogetherinFundRaising

【答案】24.C25.C26.A27.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了得知自己的家鄉(xiāng)遭受颶風(fēng)襲擊，人們生活無(wú)著落時(shí)，正在大

學(xué)校園里學(xué)習(xí)的Santaella決定利用自己學(xué)到的一技之長(zhǎng)，來(lái)幫助家鄉(xiāng)。

24.推理判斷題。由第一段“WhenhurricanesleftapathofdestructioninPuertoRico,PennsylvaniaCollegeof

TechnologystudentNataschaG.Santaellafeltavarietyofpainfulemotions.芻颶風(fēng)在波多黎各造成破壞時(shí)，賓

夕法尼亞理工學(xué)院的學(xué)生娜塔莎?G?桑塔拉感受到了各種痛苦的情緒）”和第二段中“Santaellasaidthather

hometowniswithoutpowerandwater,andpeopletherearescaredofwhatistocome.（Santatella說(shuō)，她的家鄉(xiāng)沒(méi)

有電和水，那里的人們害怕即將發(fā)生的事情）“可知，Santaella得知颶風(fēng)襲擊自己的家鄉(xiāng)，家人們損失慘重，

不能像自己一樣在大學(xué)里衣食無(wú)憂，因此她的內(nèi)心非常著急。故選C項(xiàng)。

25.詞句猜測(cè)題。由第三段中“Itstartedoutasjustbakingbreadandshippingittotheislandtothenbedispersedto

thepeople,butIfoundthatwasveryexpensiveformetodoalone（一開(kāi)始只是烤面包，然后運(yùn)到島上，然后

dispersed給人們,但我發(fā)現(xiàn)這對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)非常昂貴）“可知，Santaella最初認(rèn)為，只要把面包烘焙好，運(yùn)送到島

嶼上，然后分發(fā)給災(zāi)民就可以了，dispersed意為“分發(fā)（Distributed）”。故選C項(xiàng)。

26.推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段"Duringthesix-hoursale,Santaellaandherfriendsraisedmorethan$1,000for

UnitedforPuertoRico,aninitiativedesignedtoprovideaidandsupporttothoseaffectedinPuertoRicobythe

passageofHurricaneIrmaandHurricaneMaria.（在六個(gè)小時(shí)的銷售中，Santaella和她的朋友們?yōu)閁nitedfor

PuertoRico籌集了1000多美元，這是一項(xiàng)旨在為波多黎各受颶風(fēng)Irma和颶風(fēng)Maria影響的人提供援助和支

持的舉措）“可知，波多黎各人們已經(jīng)受颶風(fēng)Irma和颶風(fēng)Maria的影響，可得出波多黎各可能經(jīng)常遭受颶風(fēng)

襲擊。故選A項(xiàng)。

27.主旨大意題。文章主要講述了得知自己的家鄉(xiāng)遭受颶風(fēng)襲擊，人們生活無(wú)著落時(shí)，正在大學(xué)校園里學(xué)

習(xí)的Santaella決定利用自己學(xué)到的一技之長(zhǎng)，來(lái)幫助被颶風(fēng)襲擊的家鄉(xiāng)的故事，B項(xiàng)“學(xué)生運(yùn)用技能幫助家

鄉(xiāng)''符合此意。故選B項(xiàng)。

C

（2024?江西萍鄉(xiāng)?萍鄉(xiāng)中學(xué)?？家荒＃㊣magineyou'reoutforaneveningstrollinaforeigncity,lookingto

findarestaurantfordinner.Ifyou'relikemostpeople,youwilllookforthebusiestrestaurantwiththemostdiners

becauseitspopularityisboundtoreflectonthequalityoffoodandservice.Butisthistrue?

Naturallycopyingotherpeople'sthoughtsorchoicesorsimplygoingwiththecrowdisoftenreferredtoas

“herdbehaviour^^.Itisafrequentoccurrenceamonghumansaswellasmanyotheranimals,acommonexample

beingsheep.Herdingcanappeartomakealotofsense.Afterall,there9s'"safetyinnumbers^^.

Psychologyresearchsuggeststhatthephenomenonreliesontheexistenceofsocialconnectionsorpatterns

betweenindividualsaswellasspecificmechanismsofpassingoninformation.Akeyprerequisite（前提）isthe

humanabilityto“mentalise”,whichmeansbeingabletoreadandinterpretsomeoneelse'smentalstateandusing

theinformationtoexplaintheirchoices.

Contrarytotheso-called"wisdomofcrowds”,whichemergeswhenthejudgementofindividualgroup

membersareindependentlycollectedtoproduceanaverageopinion,herdbehaviortypicallyrelyonso-called

'"informationcascades（信/息瀑布）“，wherepeopletakeonothers5beliefsorcopytheirchoiceswithoutcritically

assessingtheunderlyingreasons.Thisfrequentlyleadstotheimitationofirrational（不理性的）orsimplystupid

behaviors.Consequently,herdingcanhavemanyundesirableoutcomes,includingunfavorableinfluenceson

consumerchoices,likeintherestaurantexampleabove.

However,itseemsthereisnoquickandeasyfixtoresistthelureofherdbehaviour.Instead,long-termattitude

changesmaybenecessary,whichcouldinvolveindividualsadoptingmorecriticalapproachestowardstheirpeers5

opinion,andquestioningothers9behaviorasopposedtoblindlyfollowingthem.

28.Whichofthefollowingcanbecalled"herdbehaviour^^?

A.Choosingthemostcrowdedrestauranttodinein.

B.Askingfriendsforsuggestionswheninconfusion.

C.Runningoutimmediatelywhenthefirebellrings.

D.Analyzingaproductcarefullybeforebuyingit.

29.Animportantconditionforherdbehaviourliesin.

A.explaininglifepatterns

B.understandingsocialconnections

C.comprehendingothers'mentalstate

D.sharinginformationamongindividuals

30.Whatleadstotheherdbehaviour?

A.Wisdomofcrowds.B.Uncertainoutcomes.

C.Lackofrationalanalyses.D.Enoughindividualopinions.

31.Howcanpeopleavoidthetheherdbehaviour?

A.Neverfollowthetrend.B.Keepaquestioningmind.

C.Saynotoanypopularevents.D.Standoppositeagainstthepublic.

【答案】28.A29.C30.C31.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章討論了跟隨他人行為的問(wèn)題，包括在選擇餐館時(shí)隨意跟隨人群的不良影

響并解釋了“羊群行為''的概念。文章強(qiáng)調(diào)了跟隨他人行為的危險(xiǎn)性，因?yàn)檫@種行為往往不需要批判性思考，

可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致模仿不合理或愚蠢的行為。因此建議要謹(jǐn)慎對(duì)待跟隨他人行為，并要保持批判性思維。

28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Naturallycopyingotherpeople'sthoughtsorchoicesorsimplygoingwiththe

crowdisoftenreferredtoas“herdbehaviour^^.（自然地模仿他人的想法或選擇或隨大流通常被稱為“從眾行

為可知，選擇最擁擠的餐廳用餐被稱為“羊群行為故選A。

<<,,

29.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Akeyprerequisite（M提）isthehumanabilitytomentalise?whichmeans

beingabletoreadandinterpretsomeoneelse'smentalstateandusingtheinformationtoexplaintheirchoices.（一

個(gè)關(guān)鍵的先決條件是人類“心理化'’的能力，這意味著能夠閱讀和解讀他人的心理狀態(tài)，并利用這些信息來(lái)解

釋他們的選擇）''可知，"羊群行為的一個(gè)重要條件是理解他人的心理狀態(tài)。故選C。

30.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段"Contrarytotheso-called"wisdomofcrowds”,whichemergeswhenthe

judgementofindividualgroupmembersareindependentlycollectedtoproduceanaverageopinion,herdbehavior

typicallyrelyonso-called'"informationcascades（信息瀑布）”,wherepeopletakeonothers'beliefsorcopytheir

choiceswithoutcriticallyassessingtheunderlyingreasons.Thisfrequentlyleadstotheimitationofirrational（不理

性的）orsimplystupidbehaviors.（與所謂的“群體智慧”相反，當(dāng)個(gè)體群體成員的判斷被獨(dú)立收集以產(chǎn)生平均

意見(jiàn)時(shí)，“羊群行為''通常依賴于所謂的“信息瀑布”，人們?cè)跊](méi)有批判性地評(píng)估潛在原因的情況下接受他人的

信念或復(fù)制他們的選擇。這經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致模仿不合理的行為或愚蠢的行為。）“可知，缺乏理性的分析導(dǎo)致了“羊

群行為故選C。

31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段"However,itseemsthereisnoquickandeasyfixtoresistthelureofherd

behaviour.Instead,long-termattitudechangesmaybenecessary,whichcouldinvolveindividualsadoptingmore

criticalapproachestowardstheirpeers'opinion,andquestioningothers'behaviorasopposedtoblindlyfollowing

them.（然而，似乎沒(méi)有快速和簡(jiǎn)單的解決辦法來(lái)抵制群體行為的誘惑。相反，長(zhǎng)期的態(tài)度改變可能是必要的，

這可能涉及個(gè)人對(duì)同齡人的觀點(diǎn)采取更批判的態(tài)度，質(zhì)疑他人的行為，而不是盲目地追隨他們）''可知，保持

質(zhì)疑的心態(tài)可以避免從眾行為。故選B。

D

（2024?江西景德鎮(zhèn)?統(tǒng)考一模）Itturnsoutourplantsarejustlikeusinsomeways.Weturntomedicinesto

relieveaminorfluorheadache,andplantstoohavetheirwaysofself^medicating.Theyprotectthemselvesfrom

environmentalhazardslikeinsects,droughtandheatbyproducingsalicylicacid（水楊酸）.Itisresponsibleforthe

anti-inflammatoryactionofaspirin,adrugwhichhasbeenusedbyhumansforcenturiestocounterpainand

inflammation.

Researchershavefoundthatplants'salicylicacid,whichisproducedinchloroplasts（葉綠體），isusually

generatedinresponsetothestresscausedbyclimatechange.a4Ifslikeplantsuseapainkillerforachesandpains,

justlikewedo,“saidplantbiologistWilhelminavandevenfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,River-side（U.

C.R）

"We'dliketobeabletousethefindingtoimprovecropresistance（作物抗性saidU.C.R.plantgeneticist

Jin-ZhengWang."Thatwillbecrucialforthefoodsupplyinourincreasinglyhot,brightworld.”

HumanskinproducesROS（Reactiveoxygenspecies）（活性氧）intheabsenceofsunscreen.Thiscauses

frecklesandbums.Similarly,environmentalstressesresultintheformationofROSinplantswhich,athighlevels,

cancausedeath.

Atlowlevels,however,ROSservesanessentialfunctioninplantcells.<4ROSisadouble-edgedsword,9,said

Wang."Atnon-lethallevels,ROSarelikeanemergencycalltoaction,enablingtheproductionofprotective

hormones（激素）suchassalicylicacid.^^Theacidthenactstoprotecttheplants'chloroplasts,knowntobethesite

ofphotosynthesis.

“Withclimatechange,thingslikesalicylicacid:helpingplantsstanduptostresseshavebecomemore

common.So,beingabletoincreaseplants'abilitytoproduceitrepresentsastepforwardinchallengingtheimpacts

ofclimatechangeoneverydaylife,,?saidKatayoonDehesh,UCRprofessorofmolecularbiochemistry.

“Thoseimpactsgobeyondourfood.Plantsbeingintroubleareasignofwhatthefutureholdsforus,“she

continued."'Plantscleanourairbyremovingthecarbondioxidefromitwhilealsoofferingusshade,andproviding

habitatsfornumerousanimals.Forhumankind,thebenefitsofboostingplants'abilitytosurvivearebecoming

increasinglyessential.^^

32.Whatisthemainfunctionofsalicylicacidinplants?

A.Tosecureplants.B.Toproducechloroplasts.

C.Torelievepainandinflammation.D.Togeneratehormones.

33.WhatisthemaincauseofROSformationinplants?

A.Lackofsunscreen.B.Chloroplasticacid.

C.Environmentalstresses.D.UseofPhotosynthesis.

34.WhatisthemaingoaloftheresearchersatUCR?

A.Toexplorethehistoryandsignificanceofaspirininhumanmedicine.

B.Toinventadevicethatcanmakeplantsdoself^medicating.

C.Tocomparethedifferencesbetweenplantsandhumansinself^medicating.

D.Toimprovecropresistancebyincreasingplants'abilitytoproducesalicylicacid.

35.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Plantscanbeimprovedtoresistenvironmentalhazards.

B.Plantsproducetheirownaspirintocopewithstress.

C.Plantsandhumanssharesomecommonfeaturesandneeds.

D.Plantscontributetothewell-beingofhumansandanimals.

【答案】32.A33.C34.D35.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是植物通過(guò)產(chǎn)生水楊酸來(lái)保護(hù)自己免受昆蟲(chóng)、干旱和高溫等環(huán)境危

害。

32.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"Theyprotectthemselvesfromenvironmentalhazardslikeinsects,droughtandheat

byproducingsalicylicacid（水楊酸）.（它們通過(guò)產(chǎn)生水楊酸來(lái)保護(hù)自己免受昆蟲(chóng)、干旱和高溫等環(huán)境危害。）”

可知，水楊酸在植物中的主要作用是保護(hù)植物，故選A。

33.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Similarly,environmentalstressesresultintheformationofROSinplantswhich,at

highlevels,cancausedeath.（!?|#,環(huán)境壓力會(huì)導(dǎo)致植物體內(nèi)ROS的形成，而這種ROS在高水平時(shí)可能導(dǎo)致

死亡。）“可知，植物中ROS形成的主要原因是環(huán)境壓力。故選C。

34.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“"We，dliketobeabletousethefindingtoimprovecropresistance（作物抗性）,''

saidU.C.R.plantgeneticistJin-ZhengWang.（“我們希望能夠利用這一發(fā)現(xiàn)來(lái)提高作物的抗性，”加州大學(xué)洛杉

磯分校植物遺傳學(xué)家