山東省聊城市高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題

2021—2022學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期期末教學(xué)質(zhì)量抽測高二英語試題本試卷分四部分，共12頁。滿分150分?？荚囉脮r(shí)120分鐘。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1WhatisChrisdoingnow?A.Havingbreakfast.B.Cleaninghisroom.C.Lookingforhiscellphone.2.WhatlanguagesisJohnlearningnow?A.FrenchandSpanish.B.SpanishandGreek.C.GreekandFrench.3.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A.Starttheparty.B.PickupTom.C.WaitforTom.4.HowdoesKatefindtheplay?A.Boring.B.Touching.C.Interesting.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Aboringlesson.B.Ademandingteacher.C.Adifficultexam.第二節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6.7題。6.Wherearethespeakersgoing?A.Auniversity.B.Ahospital.C.Abusstation.7.Howwilltheygettothedestination?A.Onfoot.B.Bybike.C.Bytaxi.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.WhatisDavid’ssisterstudyingnow?A.Law.B.Acting.C.Medicine.9.Whatisthewomanlikelytodonext?A.Attendaclass.B.AskaboutDavid’sstudy.C.GotogreetDavid’ssister.10.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inapark.B.Inahospital.C.Inacinema.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.WhydidLucy’sfamilyarrivehomelate?A.Theylosttheirway.B.Theyranoutofoil.C.Theyhadacaraccident.12.WhoofferedhelptoLucy’sfamilyyesterday?A.Afarmer.B.Apassingdriver.C.Thetrafficpolice.13.WhatdidLucydowhilewaitingforhelp?A.Sheplayedcards.B.Shelistenedtostories.C.Shehadawalk.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.WhatisJanieChodoshattending?A.Alecture.B.Ajobinterview.C.Aradioprogram.15.WhatisthestoryofJanie’sbookbasedon?A.Ananimaldoctor’srealexperiences.B.Aman’stravelstory.C.Areportontheelephant.16.WhatdidSarmaprobablywanttodoasalittleboy?A.Topreventpeoplefromkillingelephants.B.Tohelptreatsickelephants.CTomakeahomeforelephants.17.WhatdoesthemanthinkofwhatJaniedid?A.Meaningful.B.Shocking.C.Risky.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhatisSocotraIslandfamousfor?A.Itsnature.B.Itshistory.C.Itslocation.19.WhichmonthisbestforhikinginSocotra?A.August.B.SeptemberC.October.20.Whatdothetwowayshaveinmon?A.Botharenonstopflights.B.Bothtakeover2hours.C.Botharerunonceaweek.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AThere’snoothertimeofyearquitelikefall.Coolmorningsgivewaytoafternoonswarmedbythesunandthechangesintemperaturecreatebeautifulcolorsbeforewintersetsin.So,grabyourcameraforoneofnature’smostimpressivespectacles—thechangingcolorsoftheleavesduringfall.AcadiaNationalPark,MainePeakleafseasoninAcadiatraditionallyfallswithinthefirsttwoweeksofOctober.Thisiswhenyouwillseethebrightdisplaysoforanges,redsandyellows.WhilevisitingAcadia,plantostayatthenearbycoastaltownofBarHarbor,whichisconsideredtobethegatewaytothepark.Whileintown,treatyourselftoatraditionallobsterdinneratBeal’sLobsterPier.TheBerkshires,MassachusettsPeakseasonstartsaroundColumbusDayweekendinmidOctober,andyoucanexpecttoseecolorsrangingfromgoldenyellowstovividorangesanddeepreds.TheBerkshiresfeaturesworldclassentertainment,culturalofferingsandadeeprootedfoodculturewithmanylocallyfocuseddiningoptions.MckenzieRiverScenicByway,OregonPlanyourvisitforpeakseasonwhenthegoldsandredsaremostbright,usuallyinmidOctober.TheMckenzieRiverhassomeofthebestflyfishingsportsinOregon.Foragreatgetawaythatincludesdaysspentonflyfishing,whitewaterraftingandhikingtowaterfalls,makereservationsatEagleRockLodgeforaromanticbedandbreakfast.Charlottesville,VirginiaMidtolateOctoberiswhenyou’llusuallyseethemostdazzlingred,orangeandyellowleaves,butthecolorscanlingerintoearlyNovember.Whenyou’renotwatchingleaves,plantovisitThomasJefferson’sMonticello,theformerhome,gardensandgroundsofthethirdpresidentoftheUnitedStates.Intheevenings,enjoylivemusicattheMillroom.1.WhatcantouristsappreciateinbothAcadiaandtheBerkshires?A.Coastalscenery. B.Historicalbuildings.C.Excellentartexhibitions. D.Speciallocalfood.2.MckenzieRiverScenicBywayoffersagoodchanceto.A.plantsomefruittrees B.dowaterrelatedactivitiesC.enjoynightliveperformances D.takeadventuresintothewilderness3.WhichplacebestsuitstouristswantingtoseethefallcolorsattheendofOctober?A.Charlottesville,Virginia. B.AcadiaNationalPark,Maine.C.TheBerkshires,Massachusetts. D.MckenzieRiverScenicByway,Oregon.【答案】1.D2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了四個(gè)欣賞秋色的好去處?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AcadiaNationalPark,Maine部分“Whileintown,treatyourselftoatraditionallobsterdinneratBeal’sLobsterPier.(在城里的時(shí)候，在比爾的龍蝦碼頭享用傳統(tǒng)的龍蝦晚餐)”以及TheBerkshires,Massachusetts部分“TheBerkshiresfeaturesworldclassentertainment,culturalofferingsandadeeprootedfoodculturewithmanylocallyfocuseddiningoptions.(伯克希爾的特色是世界級(jí)的娛樂、文化產(chǎn)品和根深蒂固的飲食文化，以及許多以當(dāng)?shù)貫橹行牡牟惋嬤x擇)”可知，在Acadia和Berkshires都可以享受當(dāng)?shù)氐奶厣澄?。故選D。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MckenzieRiverScenicByway,Oregon部分“TheMckenzieRiverhassomeofthebestflyfishingsportsinOregon.Foragreatgetawaythatincludesdaysspentonflyfishing,whitewaterraftingandhikingtowaterfalls,makereservationsatEagleRockLodgeforaromanticbedandbreakfast.(麥肯齊河有俄勒岡州最好的飛釣運(yùn)動(dòng)。要想度過一個(gè)愉快的假期，包括飛釣、激流漂流和去瀑布徒步旅行，請(qǐng)?jiān)邡棊r旅館預(yù)訂一張浪漫的床和早餐)”可知，麥肯齊河風(fēng)景道提供了開展與水有關(guān)的活動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Charlottesville,Virginia部分“MidtolateOctoberiswhenyou’llusuallyseethemostdazzlingred,orangeandyellowleaves,butthecolorscanlingerintoearlyNovember.(10月中旬至下旬，你通常會(huì)看到最耀眼的紅色、橙色和黃色葉子，但這些顏色會(huì)持續(xù)到11月初)”可知，Charlottesville,Virginia最適合希望在10月底看到秋色的游客。故選A。BYouthArtForHealingisanonprofitorganizationfoundedbyJanPapirmeisterin2012.AstheExecutiveDirector,shemakesgreateffortstoworkwithschools,hospitalsandotherhealthcareorganizationstobringworksofartcreatedbytheyouthintohealthcareenvironments.Shewantstoprovideasenseoffort,inspirationandhealingforpatients,theirlovedonesandhealthcareprofessionalsduringverychallengingtimes.Asachild,Papirmeisterdonatedherartworkstoavolunteergroupcaringfordyingpeopleandacampforchildrenwithcancer.Shefeltpityforthemsoshehopedherworkscouldbringalittlehelp.Whenshegrewup,shebecameaschoolnurseandshowedstudentshowtocreatedrawingstodecoratethewallsofthehealthoffice.Then,asahospitalnurse,shemadethetimetositwithpatientsandcreateartwiththem.Inherjobasanurse,sherealizedworksofartcouldreallyhelppatientsfeelbetter.HerorganizationYouthArtForHealingisbasedinBethesda,MD.Itprovidesopportunitiesforstudentstolearnaboutthenatureofhealingart,thepowerofarttoheal,howtofollowguidelinesforhealingart,andthevalueofbuildingandstrengtheningmunityconnectionsandspirit.Asstudentssharetheirtalentwiththoseinneed,theyetotherealizationthattheycanmakeadifference.PapirmeisterwasawardedaSocietyfortheArtsinHealthcaregranttobringartworkstopatients,theirfamiliesandhospitalstaff.ShealsoreceivedtwoSCOREAwardsforhereffortstofortpatientsandtheirfamilies.Thiswomanisashiningexampleofanartistandhealerwhousesthehealingpowerofarttobringhugebenefitstochildren,patients,theirlovedones,healthcareproviders,andthemunityatlarge.4.WhydidJanPapirmeistermostprobablystarttheorganization?A.Toofferpeoplementalsupportthroughart. B.Toencouragekidstodevelopartistictaste.C.Tomakeafortuneoutofit. D.Tohelpimprovedoctors’medicalskills.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutJanPapirmeisterwhenshewaslittle?A.Sheoftenchangedherdreams. B.Shewasgenerousandcaredaboutothers.C.Herartworkswerehighlyappreciated. D.Thesufferingofpatientsinspiredher.6.Whatarestudentsawareofthroughworkingwiththeorganization?A.Freehealthcareisimportant. B.Theycanbeesuccessfulartists.C.Artworksareeasilyaccessible. D.Theycanbehelpfulinimprovingothers’life.7.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Papirmeister’sefforthasbeenwellrecognized.B.Papirmeisterpraisesstudentsfortheirprogress.C.Papirmeisteraskspeoplefromallwalksoflifetosupporther.D.Papirmeistermakesabreakthroughinthemedicalmunity.【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了由JanPapirmeister創(chuàng)建的青年康復(fù)藝術(shù)組織，將年輕人創(chuàng)作的藝術(shù)作品帶入醫(yī)療環(huán)境，為患者、他們的親人和醫(yī)療保健專業(yè)人員提供一種舒適感、靈感和治愈感?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“AstheExecutiveDirector,shemakesgreateffortstoworkwithschools,hospitalsandotherhealthcareorganizationstobringworksofartcreatedbytheyouthintohealthcareenvironments.Shewantstoprovideasenseoffort,inspirationandhealingforpatients,theirlovedonesandhealthcareprofessionalsduringverychallengingtimes.（作為執(zhí)行董事，她努力與學(xué)校、醫(yī)院和其他醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)合作，將年輕人創(chuàng)作的藝術(shù)作品帶入醫(yī)療環(huán)境。她希望在非常困難的時(shí)期為患者、他們的親人和醫(yī)療保健專業(yè)人員提供一種舒適感、靈感和治愈感。）”可知，JanPapirmeister成立這個(gè)組織是希望通過藝術(shù)為人們提供精神支持。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Asachild,Papirmeisterdonatedherartworkstoavolunteergroupcaringfordyingpeopleandacampforchildrenwithcancer.Shefeltpityforthemsoshehopedherworkscouldbringalittlehelp.（小時(shí)候，Papirmeister將她的作品捐贈(zèng)給了一個(gè)照顧垂死者的志愿者團(tuán)體和一個(gè)癌癥兒童營地。她很同情他們，希望自己的作品能給他們帶來一點(diǎn)幫助。）”可知，小時(shí)候的Papirmeister慷慨大方，關(guān)愛他人。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Asstudentssharetheirtalentwiththoseinneed,theyetotherealizationthattheycanmakeadifference.（當(dāng)學(xué)生與需要幫助的人分享他們的才能時(shí)，他們意識(shí)到他們可以有所作為。）”可知，通過與組織合作，學(xué)生們意識(shí)到他們能夠幫忙改善他人的生活。故選D?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“PapirmeisterwasawardedaSocietyfortheArtsinHealthcaregranttobringartworkstopatients,theirfamiliesandhospitalstaff.ShealsoreceivedtwoSCOREAwardsforhereffortstofortpatientsandtheirfamilies.（Papirmeister獲得了醫(yī)療保健藝術(shù)協(xié)會(huì)的撥款，為患者及其家人和醫(yī)院工作人員帶來藝術(shù)品。她還因努力安慰患者及其家人而獲得了20個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。）”可知，本段主要介紹了她的努力得到了廣泛認(rèn)可。故選A。CThefossil(化石)discoveryinVictorianowshowsthatmonksealswerewidespreadinAustralasiainthepast.“Monksealsareoneoftherarestandmostendangeredmarinemammals(海洋哺乳動(dòng)物)alivetoday,butthiswasn’talwaysthecase,”accordingtoleadstudyauthorDr.JamesRulefromMonashUniversity.“OurpapershowsthattheveryendangeredmonksealsoncecalledAustraliahomeaboutfivemillionyearsago(specificallyinVictoria),”hesaid.ThediscoverywasmadebystudyingtwofossilsagainfromMelbourneMuseum’scollections,theidentityofwhichhadbeenamysteryfor40years.“Whenwestudiedthem,theyturnedouttobetheoldestevidenceofmonkseals,”Dr.Rulesaid.“Thesefossils,alongwiththeextinctNewZealandspeciesthatwasdiscoveredlastyear,doubletheknowndiversityofthemonkseals,”hesaid.AccordingtoDr.Rule,monksealsdisappearedinAustralasiathreemillionyearsago,andtheyonlylivedinthetropics(熱帶地區(qū))andtheMediterraneanaftertemperaturesfellduringtheIceAges.Thisleftmonksealsontheedgeofdisappearanceafterbeingoverhuntedbyhumans,withabout2,000membersleft.ThediscoveryofNewZealandspeciesandAustralianmonksealsledtheresearcherstorestudytheoriginofthegroup.“OurresearchshowsthatmonksealsbeganinAustralia,”Dr.Rulesaid.“Thisisdifferentfromeverytheorypreviouslyputforwardbyscientists.”PreviousresearchhastheorizedclimatechangeledtothedisappearanceofmanyancientsealsintheSouthernHemisphere.ThiswouldhaveincludedNewZealand’sandAustralianmonkseals.“Thissuggeststheworld’slasttwospeciesofmonksealarealsoatriskfromclimatechange,”Dr.Rulesaid.Ifsealevelcontinuestorise,thebeachesmonksealsrelyonforrestingandraisingyoungonesmaydisappear.8.Whatdoesthenewdiscoveryshowaboutmonkseals?A.Theirlivinghabits. B.Theirgrowthprocess.C.Theirearlyappearance. D.Theirwaysofgettingfood.9.WhatdoweknowaboutthetwofossilsfromMelbourneMuseum?A.Researcherfoundithardtokeepthemingoodcondition.B.Researchersmangedtoidentifythemaftermanyyears.C.Theywereoncethoughttobefossilsofbirds.D.Theywerefirstdiscoveredlastyear.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph4probablyreferto?A.Fightingwaterpollution. B.Sufferingfromalackoffood.C.Havinglimitedlivingplaces. D.Facingincreasingnaturalenemies.11.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?A.Climatechangealwaysthreatensmonkseals’survival.B.Scientistscannowmeasuretherateofglobalwarming.C.HumanactivityinAustraliashouldbestrictlylimited.D.Peopleneedtohelpraiseyoungmonkseals.【答案】8.C9.B10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。僧海豹是現(xiàn)存的最稀少、最瀕危的海洋哺乳生物之一。研究人員通過對(duì)兩塊古老化石的研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)僧海豹以前廣泛存在于大西洋地區(qū)，但由于氣候變化的影響，這些地區(qū)的僧海豹都消失滅絕，最后說明氣候變化一直威脅著僧海豹的生存。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thefossil(化石)discoveryinVictorianowshowsthatmonksealswerewidespreadinAustralasiainthepast.(現(xiàn)在在維多利亞發(fā)現(xiàn)的化石表明，僧海豹過去在大洋洲廣泛存在。)”可知，新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)表明僧海豹以前在大洋洲廣泛存在，說明了僧海豹早期就露過面了。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“ThediscoverywasmadebystudyingtwofossilsagainfromMelbourneMuseum’scollections,theidentityofwhichhadbeenamysteryfor40years.(這一發(fā)現(xiàn)是在再次研究墨爾本博物館收藏的兩塊化石后發(fā)現(xiàn)的，這兩塊化石的身份40年來一直是一個(gè)謎)”可知，這兩塊化石的身份40年來一直是個(gè)謎，說明它們的身份一直沒解開，由此可知出研究人員們一直設(shè)法想解開這兩塊化石的身份，與B項(xiàng)互為同義表達(dá)。故選B項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第四段內(nèi)容“AccordingtoDr.Rule,monksealsdisappearedinAustralasiathreemillionyearsago,andtheyonlylivedinthetropics(熱帶地區(qū))andtheMediterraneanaftertemperaturesfellduringtheIceAges.Thisleftmonksealsontheedgeofdisappearanceafterbeingoverhuntedbyhumans,withabout2,000membersleft.(據(jù)魯爾博士說，僧海豹在300萬年前就在大洋洲消失了，它們只在冰河時(shí)期氣溫下降后才生活在熱帶和地中海地區(qū)。這使得僧海豹在被人類過度捕殺后處于消失的邊緣，目前約有2000名僧海豹成員。)”可知，指示代詞this指代前面的“theyonlylivedinthetropics（熱帶地區(qū)）andtheMediterraneanaftertemperaturesfellduringtheIceAges.(只在冰河時(shí)期生活氣溫下降后才生活在熱帶和地中海地區(qū))”即非常有限的生活空間。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段內(nèi)容“PreviousresearchhastheorizedclimatechangeledtothedisappearanceofmanyancientsealsintheSouthernHemisphere.ThiswouldhaveincludedNewZealand’sandAustralianmonkseals.“Thissuggeststheworld’slasttwospeciesofmonksealarealsoatriskfromclimatechange,”Dr.Rulesaid.Ifsealevelcontinuestorise,thebeachesmonksealsrelyonforrestingandraisingyoungonesmaydisappear.(此前的研究從理論上認(rèn)為，氣候變化導(dǎo)致了南半球許多古海豹的消失。其中包括新西蘭和澳大利亞的僧海豹?！斑@表明，世界上最后兩種僧海豹也面臨著氣候變化的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，”魯爾博士說。如果海平面繼續(xù)上升，僧海豹賴以休息和養(yǎng)育幼崽的海灘可能會(huì)消失。)”可知，氣候變化導(dǎo)致了許多古海豹的消失，其中就包括了新西蘭和澳大利亞僧海豹，如果海平面繼續(xù)上升的話，僧海豹賴以生存的海灘也會(huì)消失，進(jìn)而威脅到僧海豹。這一整段內(nèi)容都在講氣候變化給海豹帶來的影響，由此可推知?dú)夂蜃兓恢蓖{著僧海豹的存在。故選A項(xiàng)。DBlacktaxishavebeenamonsightinLondonfordecades.NowthesetaxisandtheirdrivershavebeethefocusofanewexplorationintoAlzheimer’s(阿茲海默癥).Forthoseontheoutside,itmayseemthatbehindthewheeloftheseblacktaxisarejustregularpeoplewhohelpmoveustoourdestinations.ButwithintheirbrainsisamapofLondon’sstreetsthathasputGPStechnologytoshamefordecades.“TheKnowledge”,thetestforLondon’staxidrivers,standsamongthehardestmentalexaminationsonecouldeverundergo.Itinvolvesrecallinginformationrepeatedlyfromthememoryofminutedetailsabout56,0000streetsinLondon,fromTrafalgarSquaretothetiniestresidentiallanes.Normally,thehippocampus(海馬體)feelstheeffectsofAlzheimer’smost.UniversityCollegeLondonandAlzheimer’sResearchUKarestudyingthesetaxidrivers’brains,asithasbeenfoundthatthehippocampuscontrollingthebrain’sshorttermmemoryandspatial(空間的)memorysystemsisenlargedintheirbrains.Moreover,thetaxidrivers’hippocampicontinuetoenlargeastheygoondoingthejobformoreyears,suggestingthatperhapsthere’ssomethingwecandotoreproducetheeffectinthegeneralpopulation.LeadresearcherHugoSpierswaspartoftheteamwhich20yearsagofoundthat,likebirdsandsquirrels,thetaxidrivers’hippocampigraduallygotbigger.Indeed,researchhasfoundforyearsthatanyanimalthatrequiresadetailedspatialknowledgeoftheirterritoryexperiencesgrowthinthehippocampus.Spiers’teamhopestodealwithAlzheimer’sbystudyingthetaxidrivers’brains.Tocollectmoreinformationonthemechanisms(機(jī)制)thatcausethe“braingain”,SpiershasaskedthirtyofLondon’staxidriversconnectedtoanMRImachinetodrivearoundontheirroutes.Themachinewillallowtheresearcherstogatherrealtimeobservationsoftheworkingsofthehippocampus.“It’sbeenajoytohelpscientistsfightwiththedisease,”saidtaxidriverRobertLordan.12.Whatcanwesayabout“TheKnowledge”?A.Itlastsforafewminutesonly. B.ItisusuallyheldinLondon’sbusystreets.C.Itisagreatchallengetopeople’smemory. D.ItinvitessomeresidentsinLondontobejudges.13.Whathasbeenfoundaboutthetaxidrivers’hippocampi?ATheyaremorelikelytobeharmed. B.Theygrowinthetaxidrivers’careers.C.Theybenefitfromdailymunicationmost. D.Theyarepooratcontrollingshorttermmemory.14.Whydoestheauthormentiontheresearchonanimals?A.Toimplythenewstudybenefitstheanimalkingdomaswell.B.Topointoutthatmorestudiesonanimals’brainsareneeded.C.Toshowanimals’hippocampiareverydifferentfromhumans’.D.Toprovetheuseofcertainknowledgeinfluencesbraindevelopment.15.WhydotheresearchersobservethetaxidriverswithanMRImachine?A.Tofigureoutwhohasthelargesthippocampus.B.ToknowhowAlzheimer’sdevelopsintheirbrains.C.Tofindouthowtheirhippocampiperformatwork.D.Totestwhetherthespecialmachineiseffective.【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了在倫敦出租車和司機(jī)已經(jīng)成為研究阿茲海默癥的新焦點(diǎn)，在他們的大腦中隱藏著一張倫敦街道地圖，幾十年來，它讓GPS技術(shù)相形見絀。這主要是他們大腦中的海馬體會(huì)隨著工作年限的延長而繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Itinvolvesrecallinginformationrepeatedlyfromthememoryofminutedetailsabout56,0000streetsinLondon,fromTrafalgarSquaretothetiniestresidentiallanes.(它涉及從倫敦56萬條街道的細(xì)節(jié)記憶中反復(fù)回憶信息，從特拉法加廣場到最小的住宅小巷)”可知，TheKnowledge對(duì)人的記憶力是一個(gè)很大的挑戰(zhàn)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Moreover,thetaxidrivers’hippocampicontinuetoenlargeastheygoondoingthejobformoreyears,suggestingthatperhapsthere’ssomethingwecandotoreproducetheeffectinthegeneralpopulation.(此外，出租車司機(jī)的海馬體隨著他們從事這項(xiàng)工作多年而不斷擴(kuò)大，這表明也許我們可以做些什么來在普通人群中重現(xiàn)這種影響)”可知，海馬體在出租車司機(jī)的職業(yè)生涯中成長。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Indeed,researchhasfoundforyearsthatanyanimalthatrequiresadetailedspatialknowledgeoftheirterritoryexperiencesgrowthinthehippocampus.(事實(shí)上，多年來的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，任何需要詳細(xì)領(lǐng)地空間知識(shí)的動(dòng)物都會(huì)經(jīng)歷海馬體的生長)”可知，作者提到動(dòng)物（鳥類和松鼠）的研究是為了證明某些知識(shí)的長期使用會(huì)影響大腦的發(fā)育。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Tocollectmoreinformationonthemechanismsthatcausethe“braingain”.SpiershasaskedthirtyofLondon’staxidriversconnectedtoanMRImachinetodrivearoundontheirroutes.(為了收集更多關(guān)于“大腦增益”機(jī)制的信息，斯皮爾斯已經(jīng)要求30名連接到核磁共振成像儀的倫敦出租車司機(jī)在他們的路線上四處開車)”可知，斯皮爾斯使用核磁共振成像儀的目的是收集更多關(guān)于導(dǎo)致“大腦增益”的機(jī)制的信息，即弄清楚他們的海馬體在工作中的表現(xiàn)。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Themostrelaxingcolorsaregenerallybelievedtobecoolshadessuchasgreenandblue.____16____Sowecanoftenseethesecolorsinhospitals,testcenters,andtelevisionstations,wherepeoplemaywantsomehelptoeasetheirnervesandbademotions.Homedesignersnotethatpeopleoftendescriberoomspaintedblueandgreenasrelaxingandfortable.Asaresult,architectsoftenusecolorsfromthecoolpartofthecolorcircleinbedroomsandbathrooms.____17____Drivingdownahighway.you’llnoticethatsomesignsconsistofwhitelettersonadarkgreenbackground.____18____Anotherplacewhereweseegreenusedisinthe“greenroom”oftheatersortelevisionstudiosbecausenervousperformersarequietedbythecolor.Thisisalsothereasonwhydoctorsweargreenclothesintheoperatingroom.Andprisoncellsoftenpainttheirwallsgreenforthesameeffect.____19____Oureyessensecolorusingtinysensorssensitivetotheredlight,thegreenlightorthebluelight.However,generallytheyarethemostsensitivetothegreenlight.Researchersthinkthatthissensitivitytogreenobjectsmightaffecthormonalproductionthatinturninfluencesthemood.What’smore,recentstudieshaveshownthatwhenapersonlooksatthegreencoloredpaperorisplacedinagreenroom,theirheartratedrops,bloodpressurelowers,andmusclesrelax.____20____Sonexttimeyou’refeelingnervousorupset,pleasetrytofocusyoureyesonsomethinggreeninsteadofred.A.Therewasresearchintocolorsinancienttimes.B.Incontrast,hotcolorscausethesetorise.C.Differentcolorscancausedifferentpsychologicalreactions.D.Engineersdeterminesuchsignswon’tgetpeople’seyestired.E.Andpaintersoftenusebluesandgreensonwallsandceilings.F.Scientistshavefoundsomeevidenceforthemagicpowerofgreen.G.Itisagreedthatthetwocanmakeusfeelcalm,balancedandlessemotional.【答案】16.G17.E18.D19.F20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章說明了最令人放松的顏色就是藍(lán)色和綠色，因?yàn)檫@些顏色能讓人放松、減壓，因此很多人會(huì)把臥室和浴室漆成藍(lán)色或綠色，甚至很多高速公路路標(biāo)也會(huì)采用暗綠色的背景?！?6題詳解】上文“Themostrelaxingcolorsaregenerallybelievedtobecoolshadessuchasgreenandblue.”提到了最令人放松的兩種顏色：藍(lán)色和綠色；而下文“Sowecanoftenseethesecolorsinhospitals,testcenters,andtelevisionstations,wherepeoplemaywantsomehelptoeasetheirnervesandbademotions.”則提到了經(jīng)常在醫(yī)院、測試中心和電視臺(tái)看到這兩種顏色，人們可能需要一些幫助來緩解緊張和不良情緒。由此可推知，設(shè)空處表明了這兩種顏色具有某種功用，所以醫(yī)院等地方才會(huì)經(jīng)常用到。G項(xiàng)“Itisagreedthatthetwocanmakeusfeelcalm,balancedandlessemotional.(人們一致認(rèn)為，這兩者可以讓我們感到平靜、平衡、不那么情緒化。)”中的“thetwo”與上文藍(lán)色和綠色兩種顏色對(duì)應(yīng)，“makeusfeelcalm,balancedandlessemotional”則對(duì)應(yīng)下文的“helptoeasetheirnervesandbademotions”。故選G項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】上文“Homedesignersnotethatpeopleoftendescriberoomspaintedblueandgreenasrelaxingandfortable.Asaresult,architectsoftenusecolorsfromthecoolpartofthecolorcircleinbedroomsandbathrooms.Asaresult,architectsoftenusecolorsfromthecoolpartofthecolorcircleinbedroomsandbathrooms.”提到了家居設(shè)計(jì)師注意到人們認(rèn)為漆成藍(lán)色和綠色的臥室很放松和舒適，因此，建筑師經(jīng)常在臥室和浴室中使用比較冷淡的顏色。由此可知，這一段都是與家居設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，故下文也應(yīng)保持一致。E項(xiàng)“Andpaintersoftenusebluesandgreensonwallsandceilings.(油漆工也經(jīng)常在墻壁和天花板上使用藍(lán)色和綠色。)”中的“wallsandceilings”恰好與上文中的“bedroomsandbathrooms”對(duì)應(yīng)。故選E項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】上文“Drivingdownahighway.you’llnoticethatsomesignsconsistofwhitelettersonadarkgreenbackground.”提到了高速路上的一些標(biāo)志的背景底色也是暗綠色的；下文“Anotherplacewhereweseegreenusedisinthe“greenroom”oftheatersortelevisionstudiosbecausenervousperformersarequietedbythecolor.”提到了另一個(gè)經(jīng)?？吹骄G色的地方就是劇院或電視演播室的“綠房間”，因?yàn)榫o張的演員看到綠色能安靜下來。由此可推知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該與使用綠色的原因相關(guān)。D項(xiàng)“Engineersdeterminesuchsignswon’tgetpeople’seyestired.(工程師們認(rèn)為這樣的標(biāo)志不會(huì)讓人們的眼睛感到疲勞。)”中的“suchsignswon’tgetpeople’seyestired”恰好與上文的“somesignsconsistofwhitelettersonadarkgreenbackground”相對(duì)應(yīng)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】設(shè)空處段首，故需要一個(gè)總括句。下文“Oureyessensecolorusingtinysensorssensitivetotheredlight,thegreenlightorthebluelight.However,generallytheyarethemostsensitivetothegreenlight.Researchersthinkthatthissensitivitytogreenobjectsmightaffecthormonalproductionthatinturninfluencesthemood.”提到了，我們的眼睛通過對(duì)紅光、綠光或藍(lán)光敏感的微型傳感器來感知顏色，但一般對(duì)綠光最敏感。研究人員認(rèn)為，這種對(duì)綠色物體的敏感性可能會(huì)影響荷爾蒙的產(chǎn)生，進(jìn)而影響情緒。F項(xiàng)“Scientistshavefoundsomeevidenceforthemagicpowerofgreen.(科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了綠色魔力的一些證據(jù)。)”中的“Scientists”與下文的“Researchers”對(duì)應(yīng)，且也是在重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)綠色的作用，與下文對(duì)應(yīng)。故選F項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】上文“What’smore,recentstudieshaveshownthatwhenapersonlooksatthegreencoloredpaperorisplacedinagreenroom,theirheartratedrops,bloodpressurelowers,andmusclesrelax.”提到了當(dāng)一個(gè)人看著綠色的彩紙或被放在綠色的房間里時(shí)，他們的心率會(huì)下降，血壓會(huì)降低，肌肉會(huì)放松。而下文“Sonexttimeyou’refeelingnervousorupset,pleasetrytofocusyoureyesonsomethinggreeninsteadofred.”提到了感到緊張或不安時(shí)，試著把眼睛集中在綠色而不是紅色的東西上。由此可推知，設(shè)空處提到了紅色這一概念。B項(xiàng)“Incontrast,hotcolorscausethesetorise.(相比之下，火熱的顏色使這些上升。)”提到了“火熱的顏色”，恰好對(duì)應(yīng)下文的“red”，而these則指代前面的heartrate、bloodpressure、muscles。故選B項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。IwalkedthroughthePrudentialCenterwearingmyoldblacksweatpantsandasimpleTshirt.Thenthebrightlightsfromthewindownearby____21____myeyeandIcameneartoit.Thewindowwas____22____withthenewcollectionsandsomeclassics.ThatwaswhenIsawthosebeautifulbut____23____GucciTshirts.Thegreenandredstrips（條紋）,akey____24____ofanyGucciproductbuteverybodyknows,shoutedsoloudthatIcouldheartheircries____25____theglass.What’smore,allofthepicturesofthoseGucciTshirtsIhadseen____26____methatIneededthem.ButthenIcollectedmythoughtsandaskedmyself,“DoItruly____27____thedesignofthem,ordoIwantthemjustfor____28____:toletmyfriendsandevenstrangersnoticethatIhaveGucciTshirts?Afterthinking____29____,Ifiguredoutthatthoseitemsaren’treally_____30_____tomeandthattheywouldnothelpmeimprovemyself.Inmyopinionitis_____31_____torelyonluxuriestomakeusfeelspecial._____32_____,notonlydothesebrandsleadustospendalotofmoney,buttheyalsofoolusintothinkingtheseitemsaregoingtomakeusget_____33_____byaparticulargroup.Asenseoftrue_____34_____shouldefromwhatyouhaveaddedtotheworldandhowyouhave_____35_____otherpeople’slivesinagoodway.21.A.hurt B.caught C.opened D.confused22.A.covered B.connected C.filled D.faced23.A.expensive B.fashionable C.simple D.graceful24.A.message B.proof C.function D.element25.A.through B.on C.above D.beneath26.A.forted B.educated C.reminded D.promised27.A.remember B.perceive C.oppose D.appreciate28.A.curiosity B.pleasure C.use D.show29.A.suddenly B.gradually C.carefully D.hurriedly30.A.important B.funny C.enough D.limited31.A.unfair B.dishonest C.unhealthy D.inconvenient32.A.Besides B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.However33.A.denied B.recognized C.avoided D.annoyed34.A.security B.duty C.achievement D.value35.A.saved B.influenced C.arranged D.controlled【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.A26.C27.D28.D29.C30.A31.C32.A33.B34.D35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。作者站在Gucci的店外，被櫥窗里的GucciT恤深深地吸引著，十分想擁有，但經(jīng)過冷靜思考后，認(rèn)為不該依賴奢侈品，它并不會(huì)幫助提升自己。作者認(rèn)為真正的價(jià)值感來自于你為這個(gè)世界做的貢獻(xiàn)，以及如何以一種好的方式影響他人的生活?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這時(shí)，附近窗戶里明亮的燈光引起了我的注意，我走近了它。A.hurt傷害；B.caught抓住、捕捉；C.opened打開；D.confused迷惑。根據(jù)下文“Icameneartoit”可知，能使作者走近它，說明作者已經(jīng)被它吸引。catchone’seye常作固定表達(dá)，意為“吸引某人的目光”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：櫥窗里擺滿了新的收藏品和一些經(jīng)典作品。A.covered覆蓋；B.connected連接；C.filled使充滿