2025年高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)4 單句語(yǔ)法填空＋閱讀理解

練習(xí)4單句語(yǔ)法填空+閱讀理解

I.單句語(yǔ)法填空（定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句）

1.Themeetingwillbeputofftillnextweek,atimemostofourclientswillhavebeenbackfrom

abroad.

答案與解析：when句意為：會(huì)議將被推遲到下周，那時(shí)我們的大部分客戶就已從國(guó)外回來(lái)了。設(shè)空

處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為atime,關(guān)系詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when。故填when。

2.[2024?湖南長(zhǎng)郡中學(xué)檢測(cè)]Thereasonhewaslateforworkwashemissedthebusby

oneminutethismorning.

答案與解析：why;that句意為：他上班遲到的原因是今天早晨晚了一分鐘，錯(cuò)過(guò)了公共汽車。第一空

應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞reason,第二空應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。故填why;that。

3.[2024-河北深州中學(xué)期末]Withatotallengthof4,000metersandawidthof75meters,oneofitsrunways

isa4Frunway-thehighestlevelintheinternationalaviationindustry,largecivilaircraftlikeanAirbus

A380cantakeoffandland.

答案與解析：where句意為：它其中的一條跑道總長(zhǎng)4000米，寬75米，是國(guó)際航空業(yè)中等級(jí)最高的

4F跑道，像空客A380這樣的大型民用飛機(jī)，可以在這里起飛和降落。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非

限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是runway,關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故填where。

4.WheneverIreadtheoldletters,wasfairlyoften,sweetmemorieswarmedmyheart.

答案與解析：which分析句子可知，wasfairlyoften是個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的整

個(gè)句子，系動(dòng)詞was前缺少主語(yǔ)，故填which。

5.Withalovingcharacter,Tomissuchakindandhelpfulpersonwecannotpraisetoomuch.

答案與解析:as分析句子可知，定語(yǔ)從句中，動(dòng)詞praise后缺少賓語(yǔ)，且先行詞akindandhelpfulperson

前有such修飾，故用as來(lái)引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。

6.ItisthefamilyphotohungonthewallthatalwaysremindsmethatfamilyistheplaceIshould

trymybesttotakecareof.

答案與解析：which/that分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)takecareof后缺少賓語(yǔ)，且先行詞為theplace,

故用which或that來(lái)引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。

7.AsfarasIamconcerned,youthisaperiodweshouldstudyhardandmakeourselveswell

preparedforthefuture.

答案與解析：when分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞aperiod,且在從句中作時(shí)間狀

語(yǔ)，故用when。就我而言，青春是我們應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)并且讓我們自己為未來(lái)做好充分準(zhǔn)備的時(shí)期。

8.Youngsheis,shehastraveledtomanycountriestoputonshows.

答案與解析：as/though分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，as/though在此引導(dǎo)用了倒裝形式的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示

“盡管”。

9.Theyoungcouple,whoreturnedmylostwallet,leftIcouldaskfortheirnames.

答案與解析：before那對(duì)年輕的夫婦歸還了我丟失的錢包，在我還沒(méi)有問(wèn)他們的名字之前他們就離開

To根據(jù)句子的意思，空處表示“在……之前"，故填before。

10.Tosuchadegreewasheexcitedhecouldn'tsleeplastnight.

答案與解析：that分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為such...that…“如此……以至于……”引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從

句,故填thato

II.閱讀理解

A

2023?新課標(biāo)I卷記敘文320詞★★★☆☆

WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolved

problems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretiny

creatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemesses

peopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandasking

questions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（細(xì)菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causing

chemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastetheway

naturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.

ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge（污泥）.First,he

constructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsand

streamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,these

differentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthe

sludge.

Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbeganto

eatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.

Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage

（污水）from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,a

cityinsoutheastChina.

（"Ecologicaldesign^^isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes."LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfor

theinventor,“hesays."Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat*shappening.Thenyoulet

thesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了JohnTodd從小就很愛思考且好學(xué)，他建造了一個(gè)生態(tài)機(jī)

器，利用大自然可以自我修復(fù)的原理來(lái)凈化污水。

1.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Hewasfondoftraveling.

B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

C.Hehadaninquiringmind.

D.Helongedtobeadoctor.

答案與解析：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoods

aroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafter

flowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthis

processcouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.（當(dāng)約翰?托德還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，他喜歡探索

房子周圍的樹林，觀察大自然是如何解決問(wèn)題的。例如，一條骯臟的小溪流經(jīng)植物和微小生物居住的巖石

后，往往會(huì)變得清澈。長(zhǎng)大后，約翰開始想知道這個(gè)過(guò)程是否可以用來(lái)清理人們制造的垃圾）”以及第二段

“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandasking

questions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（細(xì)菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causing

chemicals?（在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)學(xué)和漁業(yè)之后，約翰回到了觀察自然和提出問(wèn)題的生活中。為什么某些

植物能捕獲有害細(xì)菌？哪些魚類會(huì)食用致癌化學(xué)物質(zhì)？）”可知，約翰聰穎好學(xué)、好奇心很強(qiáng)。故選C。

2.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?

A.Tofeedtheanimals.

B.Tobuildanecosystem.

C.Toprotecttheplants.

D?Totesttheeco-machine.

答案與解析：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.（幾個(gè)星期后，約

翰把污泥加了進(jìn)去）”以及倒數(shù)第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsinthe

eco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleft

waspurewater.（他對(duì)結(jié)果感到驚訝。生態(tài)機(jī)器里的動(dòng)植物把污泥當(dāng)成了食物，開始吃了起來(lái)！幾周之內(nèi)，它

就完全被消化了，只剩下純凈水）”可知，約翰把污泥放進(jìn)罐子里是為了測(cè)試生態(tài)機(jī)器。故選D。

3.Whatistheauthor*spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?

A.ToreviewJohn*sresearchplans.

B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn'sidea.

C.TocompareJohn'sdifferentjobs.

D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn'sinvention.

答案與解析：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.He

developedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage（污水）from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healso

designedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.（這些年來(lái),約翰承擔(dān)了許多重

大工作。他開發(fā)了一個(gè)類似溫室的設(shè)施，可以處理來(lái)自南伯靈頓1600戶家庭的污水。他還設(shè)計(jì)了一種生態(tài)

機(jī)器來(lái)清潔中國(guó)東南部城市福州的運(yùn)河水）”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應(yīng)用。故選B。

4.WhatisthebasisforJohn*swork?

A.Naturecanrepairitself.

B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.

C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.

D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.

答案與解析：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat's

happening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.（你把微生物放在新的關(guān)系中,

并觀察要發(fā)生的事情。然后讓這些新系統(tǒng)形成它們自己的自我修復(fù)的方式）”可知，約翰工作的基礎(chǔ)是自然

可以自我修復(fù)。故選A。

B

2024.新課標(biāo)H卷，B記敘文269詞★★☆☆☆

Doyouevergettothetrainstationandrealizeyouforgottobringsomethingtoread?Yes,weallhaveour

phones,butmanyofusstillliketogooldschoolandreadsomethingprinted.

Well,there*sakiosk（小亭）forthat.IntheSanFranciscoBayArea,atleast.

“Youenterthefaregates（檢票口）andyou'llseeakioskthatislitupandittellsyoucangetaone-minute,a

three-minute,orafive-minutestory,“saysAliciaTrost,thechiefcommunicationsofficerfortheSanFrancisco

BayAreaRapidTransit-knownasBART."Youchoosewhichlengthyouwantanditgivesyouareceipt-like

shortstory.”

It'sthatsimple.Ridershaveprintednearly20,000shortstoriesandpoemssincetheprogramwaslaunched

lastMarch.Someareclassicshortstories,andsomeareneworiginalworks.

Trostalsowantstointroducelocalwriterstolocalriders."Wewantedtodosomethingwherewedoacallto

artistsintheBayAreatosubmitstoriesforacontest,“Trostsays."Andasofrightnow,we'vereceivedabout120

submissions.Thewinningstorieswouldgointoourkioskandthenyouwouldbeapublishedartist.^^

Ridershipontransit（交通）systemsacrossthecountryhasbeendownthepasthalfcentury,socouldshort

storiessavetransit?

Trostthinksso.

“Attheendofthedayalltransitagenciesrightnowaredoingeverythingtheycantoimprovetherider

experience.SoIabsolutelythinkwewillgetmoreridersjustbecauseofshortstories,“shesays.

Andyou'llneverbewithoutsomethingtoread.

語(yǔ)篇類型：記敘文主題語(yǔ)境：人與社會(huì)——社會(huì)服務(wù)——閱讀亭項(xiàng)目

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文主要講述了舊金山灣區(qū)捷運(yùn)系統(tǒng)的首席通訊官艾麗西亞?特羅斯特根據(jù)車站乘客的

需求啟動(dòng)閱讀亭項(xiàng)目，以便改善乘客的體驗(yàn)。

5.WhydidBARTstartthekioskprogram?

A.Topromotethelocalculture.

B.Todiscouragephoneuse.

C.Tomeetpassengers*needs.

D.Toreduceitsrunningcosts.

答案與解析：C推斷。題干中的kiosk在第二段“there'sakiosk（小亭）forthat”中首次出現(xiàn)，句中的that

指代文章第一段中的"butmanyofusstillliketogooldschoolandreadsomethingprinted”,即很多人仍然喜歡

選擇傳統(tǒng)方式，讀一些印刷的東西。所以為了滿足乘客需求，BART啟動(dòng)了閱讀亭項(xiàng)目，故答案為C。

6.Howarethestoriescategorizedinthekiosk?

A.Bypopularity.B.Bylength.

C.Bytheme.D.Bylanguage.

答案與解析：B理解具體信息。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“ittellsyoucangetaone-minute,athree-minute,or

afive-minutestory"和"Youchoosewhichlengthyouwant”可知，你可以根據(jù)自己想要的長(zhǎng)度選擇1分鐘、3

分鐘或者5分鐘閱讀時(shí)長(zhǎng)的故事，即閱讀亭里的故事是按長(zhǎng)度分類的，故答案為B。

7.WhathasTrostbeendoingrecently?

A.Organizingastorycontest.

B.Doingasurveyofcustomers.

C.Choosingaprintpublisher.

D.Conductinginterviewswithartists.

答案與解析：A理解具體信息。根據(jù)文章第五段中的"wedoacalltoartistsintheBayAreatosubmit

storiesforacontest"和"asofrightnow,we*vereceivedabout120submissions”可知，特羅斯特號(hào)召藝術(shù)家們提交

故事參加比賽，并且目前為止收到了大約120份參賽作品，所以她是在組織故事比賽，故答