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第份初中語法講義非謂語年月日 第17章非謂語動詞非謂語動詞包括動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式和過去分詞。非謂語動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,不受主語人稱和謂語動詞的時態(tài)變化干擾,但是有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。非謂語動詞在句中不能單獨作謂語,但仍保留動詞的特點,即可以有自己的賓語和狀語。典型例句:1.Tohearyourvoiceissonice.(聽到你的聲音真高興。)(動詞不定式)典型例句:2.Readingbooksmakesonewise.(讀書使人明智。)(動詞-ing形式)典型例句:3.ThisisabookwrittenbyBalzac.(這是巴爾扎克寫的一本書。)(過去分詞)1.動詞不定式動詞不定式是一種動詞的非謂語形式,可在句中充當多種成分,是初中英語學習中必須掌握的重要語法項目。1.動詞不定式的類型動詞不定式有兩種表現(xiàn)形式,一種是“to+動詞原形”,另一種是“疑問詞+to+動詞原形”,詳見后面的舉例。2.動詞不定式的句法功能A.動詞不定式作主語Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.(學習外語不是一件容易的事。)B.動詞不定式作表語Herjobistolookafterthechildren.(她的工作就是照顧孩子。)C.動詞不定式作賓語Hewantstobuysomestamps.(他想買一些郵票。)D.動詞不定式作賓語補足語Thedoctortoldmetohavearest.(醫(yī)生叫我休息一下。)E.動詞不定式作定語Iwantsomethingtoeat.(我想要一些吃的。)F.動詞不定式作狀語Yesterdaytheycametovisitus.(昨天他們來拜訪我們。)3.動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)A.一般式:todo表示不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語的動作之后,或同時發(fā)生。Iwanttovisitmyteacher.(我想去拜訪我的老師。)(表示之后)Ibelievehimtobeagoodstudent.(我相信他是個好學生。)(表示同時)B.完成式:tohavedone表示不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語的動作之前。Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforalongtime.(非常抱歉讓你等了那么長時間。)C.進行式:tobedoing表示不定式的動作與謂語的動作同時進行。Heseemstobeworryingaboutit.(他似乎正在擔心它。)D.被動語態(tài):tobedone表示被動關系。Thesickmanwillneedtobetakentoahospital.(這個病人需要被送到醫(yī)院。)4.動詞不定式的重點與難點(1)疑問詞+to+動詞原形A.該句型常可與賓語從句互換。Idon’tknowwhattodo.=Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddo.(我不知道應該做什么。)B.疑問詞在不定式中充當成分時,疑問代詞作賓語,疑問副詞作狀語。Idon’tknowwhattodo.(我不知道做什么。)(疑問代詞what作賓語)Idon’tknowhowtodoit.(我不知道怎么做。)(疑問副詞how作狀語)(2)動詞不定式作定語A.動詞不定式要放在所修飾的名詞、代詞之后。Hehasanimportantmeetingtoattend.(定語)(他有一個重要的會議要參加。)B.動詞不定式與所修飾的名詞、代詞構成邏輯上的動賓關系,因此若不定式的動詞是不及物動詞或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點、工具等,不定式后面就要加上相應的介詞。Theywantabigroomtolivein.(他們想要一個大房間住。)Passmeaknifetocutthebreadwith.(遞給我一把刀切面包。)(3)動詞不定式作狀語當動詞不定式修飾表語形容詞作狀語時,它和主語構成動賓關系。同樣,如果不定式中動詞是不及物動詞時要加相應的介詞。Thehouseisverycomfortabletolivein.(這房子住起來非常舒服。)Thepenisgoodtowritewith.(這支鋼筆寫起來很好用。)5.使用動詞不定式的注意事項A.有些動詞后的不定式省略to。(1)祈使動詞如make,let,haveThebossmadeTom’sfatherworkallday.(老板讓湯姆的爸爸整天工作。)(2)感官動詞如hear,see,noticeIsawhimgointotheclassroomjustnow.(我看到他剛才進了教室。)(3)用于被動語態(tài)時,被省略的to需要還原。Hewasmadetodothejobatonce.(他被迫立刻做這個工作。)補充:不定式省略to的口訣有些動詞跟不定式作賓語補足語時省去了to,其口訣是:一感二聽三讓四觀看。一感:feel;二聽:hear,listento;三讓:let,have,make;四觀看:observe,see,watch,lookatB.動詞不定式的否定需在to前加not。MotheroftentellsTomnottoplayfootballinthestreet.(媽媽經常叫湯姆不要在街上踢足球。)C.作簡略回答或為避免不必要的重復時,不定式常可省略to后面的動詞,只保留to。動詞make,let,see,hear...后面的詞可全部省略。A:DidyougotoseetheGreatWall?(你去長城了嗎?)B:Yes,Iwentto.(是的,我去了。)(省略了seetheGreatWall)A:DidMarygotherewithyou?(瑪麗是和你一起去的那里嗎?)B:No,hermotherdidn’tlether.(不,她媽媽沒有讓她去。)D.接不定式作賓語的動詞有want,wish,hope,decide等。E.接帶to的不定式作賓補的動詞有ask,tell,get,wish,want,like,teach等。F.接不帶to的不定式作賓補的動詞有l(wèi)et,make,have,see,watch,feel,listento等。G.接不定式作狀語的形容詞有happy,sorry,afraid,able,sure等。重要:只接不定式作賓語的一些常用特殊謂語動詞:want想要;hope希望;wish想做(某事);agree同意;decide決定;manage設法做成;refuse拒絕;pretend假裝H.帶to的不定式作主語時,常用形式主語it代替,其作表語的形容詞有important,easy,difficult,hard,good,bad,right等。Itistoohardforhimtoworkoutsuchadifficultproblem.(對他來說做出這么難的題目太困難了。)I.既可接不定式,又可接動詞-ing形式的動詞有l(wèi)ike,love,hate,start,begin,need和stop,remember,forget,goon,try等,前者意義沒有多大的區(qū)別,后者區(qū)別較大。J.帶to的不定式和疑問詞連用,相當于一個名詞作賓語或賓補,這種句式可把不定式轉換為復合句,這類動詞有know,decide,tell,ask,find,hear,learn,think等。K.帶to的不定式作定語的動詞有have,therebe。Ihaveafewletterstowrite.(我有一些信要寫。)L.不定式to在一些情態(tài)動詞或助動詞及一些表“意愿”的動詞之后代替上文提到的動詞。這類動詞有have,beable,begoing,hope,like,love,try等。A:Wouldyouliketogowithme?(你愿意跟我一起去嗎?)B:Yes,I’dliketo.(是的,我愿意。)6.動詞不定式的幾個重要句型A.疑問詞+動詞不定式Myteacherdidn’ttellmewhattodonext.(我的老師沒有告訴我下一步要做什么。)B.too...to.../enoughto...TheyaretooshytospeakEnglish.(他們太害羞了以至于不能說英語。)It’stoodarkforhimtoseeanythingintheroom.(對他來講房間里面太暗了什么也看不見。)補充:too...to與so...that的轉換Theboxistooheavyforhimtolift.(這個盒子對他來講太沉了,他抬不動。)=Theboxissoheavythathecan’tliftit.(這個盒子太沉了,他抬不動。)C.Itis/was+形容詞+ofsb.todosth.(形容詞能修飾sb.和todosth.)Itis/was+形容詞+forsb.todosth.(形容詞只能修飾todosth.)Itwasverycleverofhimtodoitlikethat.(他那樣做很聰明。)(他很聰明,像那樣做也是聰明之舉)Itwashardforhimtosaygoodbye.(對他來講,說聲再見是很難的。)(是說再見很難,不能說他很難)注意:ofsb.句型可以轉換成一個不定式作狀語的句子,而forsb.句型則不可以。Itisverykindofyoutohelpme.→Youareverykindtohelpme.(你幫助我真是太好了。)補充:形容詞/副詞+enoughtodosth.與so...that...candosth.的轉換:Herunsfastenoughtogettherefirst.(他跑得快可以第一個到那里。)→Herunssofastthathecangettherefirst.(他跑得那樣快以至于他能第一個到那里。)D.Why(not)do?為什么(不)……?A:Let’sgoouttoeattonight.(今晚我們出去吃吧。)B:Yes,whynot?(好啊。)E.Therebe...todo有……要做Therearesomeclothestowash.(有一些衣服要洗。)Thereisaroomtoclean.(有一間屋子要打掃。)F.beabouttodosth.正要去做;將要去做Iwasabouttogotobedwhenthepolicemanknockedatthedoor.(當警察敲門的時候我剛要睡覺。)G.hadbetterdosth.最好……/hadbetternotdosth.最好不要……Youhadbetternoteattoomuch.(你最好不要吃太多。)H.soasto...為了soasto...一般不能放在句首,意思相當于inorderto。Hegotupearlysoastomeethisparentsattheairport.(他很早就起床是為了到機場接他的父母。)2.動詞-ing形式動詞-ing形式是動詞的另一種非限定形式,包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞兩種,由動詞原形加-ing構成。動詞-ing形式可以作主語、賓語、表語賓語補足語、定語、狀語等,下面將一一介紹動詞-ing形式的這些用法。(1)動詞-ing形式作主語的情況動詞-ing形式作主語,有時也可用it作形式主語,而把動詞-ing形式放在后面。Readingpoetrybringspeoplefromdifferentplacesanddifferenttimestogether.(朗誦詩歌可以使人跨越時空聚在一起。)It’suselessarguingwithhim.(和他爭辯是沒有用的。)(2)動詞-ing形式作動詞賓語在下面這些詞后常接動詞-ing形式作賓語。mind介意finish完成consider考慮miss錯過enjoy喜歡practice訓練keep堅持appreciate欣賞Shelooksforwardtowalkingintheflower-linedgardeneveryspring.(她期待每個春天在這百花爭妍的花園里走一走。)Iamconsideringsellingmyhousetocollectthemoney.(我正考慮賣掉房子籌款。)Goodnewskeepsoncoming.(好消息接踵而至。)Thegirlwastoldtopracticeplayingthepianoforthreehourseveryday.(這個女孩被告訴每天要練習彈3個小時鋼琴。)補充:下列動詞和詞組只能用動詞-ing形式作賓語。enjoy喜歡consider考慮escape逃脫giveup放棄risk冒險deny否認objectto反對imagine想像delay耽誤putoff推遲advise建議allow允許admit承認permit允許finish完成suggest建議practise練習avoid避免mind介意keep(on)繼續(xù)miss錯過(3)動詞-ing形式放在系動詞后作表語Hisfavouritesportishiking.(他最喜歡的體育項目是徒步旅行。)Myjobisplayingallkindsofmusicalinstruments.(我的工作是演奏各種樂器。)(4)動詞-ing形式在一些動詞后作賓語補足語動詞-ing形式在listento,see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find,leave,lookat,have等動詞后作賓語補足語,表示動作正在進行。Theyleftthefireburningalldaylong.(他們讓火燒了一天。)Doyounoticehimwritingsomethingthere?(你注意到他在那里寫什么嗎?)Thepolicemancaughthimstealingthebike.(警察抓住他正在偷自行車。)Ihearhimsinginginthenextroom.(我聽見他在隔壁房間里唱歌。)(5)動詞-ing形式作定語的兩類情況A.我們常說的動名詞作定語,用來修飾無生命的名詞,且只能前置;這類定語不能改為定語從句。ateachingbuilding教學樓awalkingstick拐杖aswimmingpool游泳池asleepingbag睡袋asmilingface笑臉areadingroom閱覽室B.我們常說的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,多用來修飾有生命的名詞(有時也可用來修飾無生命的名詞)。這類定語,如果動詞-ing形式是單獨修飾名詞,常前置;如果動詞-ing短語修飾名詞,則常后置。不管是前置還是后置,它們都可以被改為定語從句。Thedancinggirl(=Thegirlwhoisdancing)ismyclassmate.(那個跳舞的女孩是我的同班同學。)Thenewhospitalbeingbuilt(=whichisbeingbuilt)isjustnearourschool.(正在建造的新醫(yī)院就在我們學校附近。)(6)動詞-ing形式作狀語這類結構常用來表示時間、原因、條件、結果。它相當于一個狀語從句,其邏輯主語就是主句的主語;也可置于句尾,表示伴隨、補充說明。A.動詞-ing形式作狀語表示時間Hearingthegoodnews(=Whentheyheardthegoodnews),thestudentswerewildwithjoy.(聽到這個好消息,同學們高興極了。)Havingwateredthevegetables(=Aftertheyhadwateredthevegetables),theywentbackhomeforbreakfast.(他們澆過菜之后,就回家吃早飯了。)B.動詞-ing形式作狀語表示原因Beingsopoorinthosedays(=Asweweresopoorinthosedays),wecouldn’taffordtosendtheboytothehospital.(由于那時太窮了,我們沒有能力送孩子上醫(yī)院。)Havingalreadyseenthefilmtwice(=Aswehadalreadyseenthefilmtwice),wedidn’tgotothecinema.(因為這部電影我們已經看過兩次了,所以我們沒有去電影院。)C.動詞-ing形式作狀語表示條件Standingonthetopofthetower(=Ifwestandonthetopofthetower),wecanseeasfarastheYangtzeRiver.(如果我們站在塔頂上就能看到長江。)D.動詞-ing形式作狀語表示自然而然的結果Herhusbanddiedin1942,leavingfivechildrenwithher(=andleftfivechildrenwithher).(1942年她丈夫死了,給她丟下5個孩子。)E.動詞-ing形式作狀語表示伴隨或補充說明EveryeveningtheysatonthesofawatchingTV(=andwatchedTV).(他們每天晚上坐在沙發(fā)上看電視。)3.過去分詞過去分詞的基本形式是“動詞+ed”,但也有不規(guī)則的形式。動詞的不規(guī)則過去分詞需要逐一記憶。過去分詞可以作定語、表語、賓語補足語、狀語等,下面將一一介紹過去分詞的這些用法。(1)過去分詞作前置定語單個的過去分詞或帶副詞的單個過去分詞作定語時,放在所修飾詞的前面,為前置定語,具有形容詞的特點。如:abrokenwindow一扇打碎了的窗戶;arecently-builthouse一棟最近建造的房子;anewly-marriedcouple一對新婚夫婦(2)過去分詞作后置定語有時為了強調,過去分詞作定語時要置于被修飾的名詞之后,作后置定語,此時過去分詞既有形容詞的特征,也有動詞的特征。Heisamanlovedandrespectedbyall.(他是一個受到大家愛戴和尊敬的人。)(3)過去分詞作定語與定語從句的關系及物動詞的過去分詞可以改為動詞為被動形式的定語從句;部分不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語時,可改為動詞為完成式或動詞為表示狀態(tài)的定語從句。areturned(不及物動詞)scholar(=ascholarwhohasreturned)一個歸國學者ThefirsttextbookswrittenforteachingEnglish(=whichwerewrittenforteachingEnglish)asaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe18thcentury.(首批把英語作為外語教學的教科書在18世紀出版。)Thecomputercenteropenedlastyear(=whichwasopenedlastyear)isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.(去年開辦的計算機中心很受這個學校學生的歡迎。)(4)過去分詞作表語表示主語所處的狀態(tài)Hewasterrifiedatseeingthisscene.(看到這個場景他很害怕。)Thedoorremainedunlocked.(門仍然沒鎖。)(5)過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別A.過去分詞作表語表示主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài),被動語態(tài)則表示一個被動的動作。Thecupisbroken.(杯子是破的。)(過去分詞表狀態(tài))Thecupwasbrokenbymybrother.(這個杯子是我弟弟打破的。)(被動語態(tài)表動作)B.過去分詞作表語除用于系動詞后面外,還可用于get,become,grow,turn等詞后面,而被動語態(tài)沒有此種用法。例如:(?)Webecame/gotexcited.(?)Wewereexcitedbythenews.(聽到這個消息我們很興奮。)(×)Webecame/gotexcitedbythenews.(6)過去分詞作賓語補足語的基本用法過去分詞作賓語補足語時,賓語與過去分詞之間為被動關系,表示被動意義和完成意義。A.使役動詞keep,leave,get,make的賓語后面經常帶過去分詞作表語補足語,表示“使……處于某種狀態(tài)”,分詞和賓語之間是被動關系,而“have/get+賓語+過去分詞”表示“讓別人做某事”或“遭遇到某種情況”。Heraisedhisvoiceinordertomakehimselfheardbytheaudience.(他提高了聲音,為了能讓觀眾聽到。)Imusthavemyhaircuttomorrow.(明天我得理發(fā)了。)Janehadherpursestolenonthebusyesterday.(昨天在公共汽車上,簡的錢包被偷了。)Marygotthecarwashed.(瑪麗請人給她洗了車。)Wemustn’tleavetheworkunfinished.(我們不能讓工作半途而廢。)B.表示感覺的動詞所帶的賓語后面都可以接過去分詞作表語補足語。及物動詞作賓語補足語通常表示被動和完成,不及物動詞一般只表示完成。Isawagirlknockeddownbyatruck.(我看見一個女孩被一輛卡車撞倒了。)IonceheardthesongsunginGerman.(我曾經聽過這首歌被用德語唱過。)C.動詞want,wish,like,expect及介詞with后面可用過去分詞作賓語補足語。Wewishedtheproblemsettledatonce!(我們希望問題馬上得到解決?。〩ewasthinkingforawhilewithhiseyesclosed.(他閉著眼睛思考了片刻。)(7)過去分詞作狀語可以表示時間、原因、條件及伴隨情況等A.過去分詞的邏輯主語必須和主句的主語保持一致,并且必須是被動關系,通常可以轉換成相應的狀語從句(過去分詞表示伴隨情況時可以將其轉換成并列句)。Asked(=Whenhewasasked)howhebrokeintotheroom,hemadenoanswer.(表示時間)(當有人質問他是怎么闖進屋里來的時候,他一聲不吭。)Deeplymoved(=Asweweredeeplymoved)bythefilm,weallcried.(表示原因)(由于被電影深深打動了,我們都哭了。)Given(=Ifwehadbeengiven)morehelp,wecouldhavedonetheworkbetter.(表示條件)(如果給我們的幫助多一些,我們原本能做得更好的。)Theteachersatthere,(=andwas)surroundedbyhisstudents.(表示伴隨情況)(那位老師坐在那兒,他的學生圍在周圍。)B.“連詞+分詞”作狀語是狀語從句的一種省略形式。當狀語從句中過去分詞的邏輯主語和主句的主語一致,并且有動詞be時,常將邏輯主語和動詞be省略。Whencomplete(=Whenthemuseumiscompleted),themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.(博物館竣工后,其將于第二年向公眾開放。)Theresearchissodesignedthatoncebegun(=oncetheresearchisbegun)nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(此項研究被設計成,一旦開展,將無可改變。)CommonMistakes(注意!失分陷阱!)陷阱例題①Iheardmother__________withfatherinthenextroomattenlastnight.A.talkB.talkingC.totalkD.istalking句意提示:昨天晚上10點我聽見母親和父親在隔壁房間談話。陷阱追擊:本題考查非謂語動詞中動詞不定式與動詞-ing形式的用法區(qū)別,容易誤選。正確解析:感官動詞后可以接不帶to的動詞不定式或動詞-ing作賓語補足語;前者指動作的全過程,后者強調動作正在進行。本題關鍵為ten這一時間點。正確答案為B。陷阱例題②A:Thelightintheofficeisstillon.B:Oh,Iforgot__________.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff句意提示:A:辦公室的燈還亮著。B:哦,我忘記關燈了。陷阱追擊:本題考查forget后接動詞-ing形式和接動詞不定式的區(qū)別,容易誤選。正確解析:有些動詞(短語)既能接動詞-ing形式,又能接不定式作賓語,但意義不一樣,這類詞有remember,forget等。當它們后接不定式時表動作尚未發(fā)生,接動詞-ing形式時表示動作已經完成。根據題意,正確答案為C。陷阱例題③__________inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed句意提示:穿著白色制服,他看起來更像是一名廚師而不是醫(yī)生。陷阱追擊:如沒有掌握好本題所考查的過去分詞短語作狀語的用法,則容易誤選。正確解析:固定短語sb.bedressedin(+衣服/顏色)意為“某人穿著(某種(顏色)衣服)”,dress作及物動詞時后接入。B項表示目的,不符合語境。正確答案為A。陷阱例題④Wefinishedtheruninlessthanhalfthetime__________.A.allowingB.toallowC.allowedD.allows句意提示:我們用不到規(guī)定時間的一半就跑完了全程。陷阱追擊:本題考查動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式和過去分詞作后置定語的區(qū)別,容易誤選。正確解析:allow與time之間是動賓關系,故用allowed作定語修飾time,相當于thathadbeenallowed的省略。正確答案為C。FinalCheck(實力測驗)1.選擇填空1.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade__________.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning2.Weagreed__________herebutsofarshehasn’tcomeyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet3.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered__________thefirstcomputer.A.tohaveinventedB.inventingC.toinventD.havinginvented4.LittleJimshouldlove__________tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking5.A:Iusuallygotherebytrain.B:Whynot__________byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing6.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped__________onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest7.Alicepretended__________mewhenIpassedby.A.tonotseeB.noseeingC.nottoseeD.havingnotseen8.Wedidn’twanttheproblem__________again.A.toaskB.tobeaskedC.beingaskedD.beasked9.Haveyouhadthenurse__________yourson’stemperature?A.totakeB.takingC.takeD.taken10.Hefeltastone__________hisback.A.hittingB.tohitC.hittedD.hit11.Helovesparties.Heisalwaysthefirst__________andthelast__________.A.coming;leavingB.tocome;toleaveC.comes;leavesD.come;leave12.__________,oneneedsmuchpractice.A.TolearnswimmingwellB.TolearntoswimwellC.SwimmingtobelearnedwellD.Learningswimmingwell13.__________nowseemsimpossible.A.SavingmoneyB.TosavemoneyC.BeingsavedmoneyD.Tobesavedmoney14.Itisnecessary__________wildlife.A.ofustoprotectB.forustoprotectC.ofusprotectingD.forusprotecting15.Hesaidhehadanimportantmeeting__________.A.toattendB.tobeattendedC.attendingD.attend16.It’sraininghard.Icannothelpbut__________athome.A.stayedB.stayingC.tostayD.stay17.It’seasiertopulldownthan__________.A.tobuildupB.buildupC.buildingupD.builtup18.Iwouldlove__________tothepartylastnight,butIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone19.Shecan’thelp__________thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned20.WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeorgewastherightperson__________.A.tosendB.tosendingitC.tosendittoD.forsendingitto21.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher__________upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow22.Thechairlookshard,butinfact,itisverycomfortableto__________.A.sitB.sitonC.besatD.besaton23.Mother__________usstorieswhenwewereyoung.A.wasusedtotellB.wasusedtotellingC.usedtotellD.usedtotelling24.Alicehasbeenworkingforanhourandnowshestops__________onthesofa.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest25.Therewasnothingforustodobut__________theinjuredmantothehospital.A.takingB.totakeC.tookD.take26.__________ateacherinauniversity,itisnecessarytohaveatleastamaster’sdegree.A.TobecomeB.BecomeC.OnebecomesD.Onbecoming27.Iusuallyforget__________thedoor,butIremembered__________itwhenIleftyesterday.A.toclose;closingB.toclose;tocloseC.closing;closingD.closing;toclose28.Everybodyisbusy__________readyforChristmasandbuyingChristmaspresents.A.getB.gettingC.togotD.got29.Mr.Brownaskedustostop__________,andwestopped__________tohimatonce.A.talking;tolistenB.totalk;tolistenC.talking;listeningD.totalk;listening30.Wekept__________theballtoeachother,andtheybegantogetangry.A.topassB.passingC.passD.passed31.WuDongisgoodat__________Englishaloud.A.readB.readsC.readingD.toread32.Itry__________thedoor,butshedoesn’tagree.A.tocloseB.closedC.closingD.picked33.Youshouldkeepon__________Englisheveryday.A.topracticetospeakB.topracticespeakingC.practicingtospeakD.practicingspeaking34.Thefoundmanypeople__________underthebigtree.A.seatB.seatingC.toseatD.seated35.Mr.Litookhistaperecordertotheshopto__________.A.havesomeonetorepairB.haveitrepairedC.haveittoberepairedD.haveitrepairing36.Theyoungmanenteredthehouseandleftme__________outside.A.standB.tostandC.standingD.tobestanding37.Thegirllookedatmewitha__________expression.Maybetheproblemwasquite__________.A.surprised;surprisingB.surprising;surprisedC.surprised;surprisedD.surprising;surprising38.OurheadteachercaughtLiHua__________inthecorner.A.smokeB.tosmokeC.smokingD.beingsmoking39.WhenIreturnedtomyvillagetwentyyearslater,Ifounditcompletely__________.A.changeB.changingC.changedD.tobechanged40.__________fromthetopofthehill,thesmalltownlooksverybeautiful.A.SeeB.SawC.SeenD.Seeing【課后作業(yè)】1.Lilyrefused______herdaughtertotheafter-schooltrainingcenterforextraclasses.(2019松江二模)A.tosend B.sending C.sent D.send2.Therewasalotoftraffic,butDanandhisfriendsmanaged________attheairportintime.(2019普陀二模)A.arrive B.arrived C.toarrive D.arriving3.Mygrandma’smemoryisgettingworse.Shekeeps________thingsandpeople’snames.(2019普陀二模)A.forget B.forgot C.toforget D.forgetting4、Theheadmasterhadthestudentstheirowndecisionaboutthenameanddifferentsectionsoftheschoolnewspaper.(2019寶山二模)A、tomakeB、makeC、makingD、made5、ThelitterboykeptquestionsaboutthespaceshipwhilewewereintheSpaceMuseum.(2019寶山二模)A、askB、askedC、toaskD、asking6.Itwasraining.Myfatheraskedme_____araincoat.(2019奉賢二模)A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.took7.___asportmayhelpchildrenrelax.A)PlayB)PlayingC)PlayedD)Plays8.Myparentstoldme_____alonebecauseIamtooyoungandit'snotsafe.(2019奉賢二模)A)nottravelingB)nottotravelC)nottravelD)notraveling9、Whileyouliveinmyhouse,Iexpectyou_____therules..(2019閔行二模)A、tofollowB、followC、followingD、followed10、It'swiseofyoungpeopletoavoid_____thesamemistakesagainandagain..(2019閔行二模)A、makeB、tomakeC、makingD、tomaking11.Accordingtothegovernment,airqualityinOlympiczonekeeps_______.(2019徐匯二模)A.improveB.toimproveC.improvingD.improved12.Windowsinthedininghallallowguests_______thewholecookingprocess.(2019徐匯二模)A.seeB.seeingC.toseeD.Seen13.JoehasdecidedthecomingsummerholidaywityhisfamilyinXinjiang.(2019金山二模)spendspenttospendspending14.It’sratherdifficultforaheavysmokertogiveupinashorttime.(2019金山二模)smokesmokingsmokessmoked15.Theheadmasterhadthestudents________theirowndecisionaboutthenameanddifferent sectionsoftheschoolnewspaper.(2019嘉定二模)tomake make making made16.Thelittleboykept________questionsaboutthespaceshipwhilewewereintheSpace Museum.(2019嘉定二模)ask asked toask asking17、Charlieenjoyshismotherwiththehouseworkinhisfreetime..(2019崇明二模)A、helpB、tohelpC、helpingD、helps18、Tinahasdecidedinavillageschoolaftergraduationtohelpthechildrenthere..(2019崇明二模)A、teachB、toteachC、teachingD、teaches19.Mymumalwaysavoids___homefromworkat5p.m.asthere’ssomuchtrafficthen.(2019楊浦二模)A.travel B.travelling C.totravel D.totravelling20.Ourdecision___forsomedrinkmadeuslateforthetrain.(2019楊浦二模)A.stop B.tostop C.stopping D.tostopping基礎題Choosethebestanswer.1.Thefarmersstop______inthefieldandhavearestwhenthesunsetseveryday.towork B.worked C.working D.work2.I'drather___________halfanhourtoworkthandriveacar.Drivinglesscanreduceairpollution.A.ride B.riding C.toride D.toriding3.Lucyissoshythatshedarenotinviteherclassmatestopractice_____________withherfortheNewYearParty.A.dancing B.dance C.todance D.todancing4.IfyouwanttobeontimeforanimportantmeetinginacrowdedcitylikeShanghai,you’dbetter________homeearly.A.toleave B.leave C.leaving D.left5.Mr.Whitewilltakechargeof_______invitationcardsforthecelebrationpartynextmonth.A.prepare B.prepared C.preparing D.toprepare6.You’dbetter______longhoursintheoffice.Gooutandhavearestforawhile.A.notwork B.nottowork C,don’twork D.nottoworking7.MothertoldJimmy______withherfriendsonlineandsaiditwasawasteoftime.A.tostoptochat B.stoopingtochatC.stoptochat D.tostopchatting8.Themostimportantthingforagooddetectivetodois______theinnocent.A.toprotect B.protects C.protected D.protect9.You’dbetter_____ thehomeworktoday,astomorrowwewillnothavetime.A.finishing B.finishes C.tofinish D.finish10.Inmyopinion,Hollywoodisreallyawonderfulplace_____.A.visit B.tovisit C.visiting D.visited11.Youcanaskyourteacherforhelpifyoucan’tfinish______thereportbyyourself.A.write B.writing C.towrite D.wrote12.Lilythinkssheistoofatandrefuses________asusual,whichmakeshisparentsworried.A.toeat B.eat C.eati

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