英語語法 課件 9 過去完成體和限定詞

過去完成體和限定詞Compare

We’ve

known

each

other

since

we

were

at

college.We’ve

known

each

other

since

we

have

been

at

college.Bythetimeheleftcollege,he_____________(learn)

Englishfor12years.Bythetimeyouleavecollege,you_________(learn)

Englishfor12years.Up

to

now,

I_____________(learn)Englishfor12years.持續(xù)性/狀態(tài)性動作已結(jié)束KP1常搭配的時間狀語從句I

haven’t

seen

him

since

he

came

to

Shanghai.I

saw

him

last

time

when

he

came

to

Shanghai,

but

I

haven’t

seen

him

since.Hehadn'tfinisheditbyyesterdayevening.I'dneverflownaplaneatalluntilIflewthisone!He

hadmetthembeforehewenttotheparty.Nosooner

had

heleft

thebuildingthanabomb

exploded.

(Hardly…when…)KP2

have

got/gotten

I

have

just

got

a

new

dictionary.

(get的完成體，不能去掉）Have

(got)

“有”Have

(got)

to

“必須”I’ve

got

a

book.

=I

have

a

book.He

hasn’t

got

to

do

it

=He

doesn’t

have

to

do

it.（got可去掉）

DoyouspeakEnglish?(2)Ihadanamusingexperiencelastyear.AfterIhadleftasmallvillageinthesouthofFrance,Idroveontothenexttown.Ontheway,ayoungmanwavedtome.Istoppedandheaskedmeforalift.NosoonerhadhegotintothecarthanIsaidgoodmorningtohiminFrenchandherepliedinthesamelanguage.Apartfromafewwords,IdonotknowanyFrenchatall.Neitherofusspokeduringthejourney.Ihadhardlyreachedthetownwhentheyoungmansuddenlysaid,veryslowly,'DoyouspeakEnglish?'AsIsoonlearnt,hewasEnglishhimself!過去完成體的時間狀語？Everythingexcepttheweather

Myoldfriend,Harrison,livedintheMediterraneanformanyyearsbeforehehadreturnedtoEngland.HehadoftendreamedofretiringinEnglandandplannedtosettledowninthecountry.NosoonerhehadreturnedtoEnglandthanheboughtafinehouseandwenttolivethere.Almostimmediatelyhebegantocomplainabouttheweather,foreventhoughitwasstillsummer,ithadrainedcontinuallyanditwasoftenbitterlycold.Aftersomanyyearsofsunshine,Harrisongotashock.HeactedasifheneverlivedinEnglandbefore.Intheend,itwasmorethanhecouldbear.HehardlyhadtimetosettledownintheMediterraneanonceagainwhenhehadsoldthehouseandleftthecountry.Thedreamhehadforsomanyyearsendedthere.Harrisonhasthoughtofeverythingexcepttheweather.Correct

the

storyEverythingexcepttheweather

Myoldfriend,Harrison,hadlivedintheMediterraneanformanyyearsbeforehereturnedtoEngland.HehadoftendreamedofretiringinEnglandand

plannedtosettledowninthecountry.Nosoonerhadhe

returnedthanheboughtafinehouseandwenttolivethere.Almostimmediatelyhebegantocomplainabouttheweather,foreventhoughitwasstillsummer,itrainedcontinuallyanditwasoftenbitterlycold.Aftersomanyyearsofsunshine,Harrisongotashock.HeactedasifhehadneverlivedinEnglandbefore.Intheend,itwasmorethanhecouldbear.Hehadhardlyhadtimetosettledownwhenhesoldthehouseandleftthecountry.Thedreamhehadhadforsomanyyearsendedthere.Harrisonhadthoughtofeverythingexcepttheweather.case

study案例分析1BeforemytriptoJapan,Ihadthoroughlystudiedthelocalcustomsandetiquette.Uponarrival,Ihadalreadymasteredtheartofthehandshakeandbow,whichhadbeenessentialinmakingagoodfirstimpression.Duringabusinessmeeting,Ihadcarefullyobservedthesubtlecuesandhadadaptedmyapproachaccordingly.Bythetimethenegotiationsconcluded,IhadgainedtherespectofmyJapanesecounterparts,andourpartnershiphadbeensolidified.TheeffortIhadinvestedinunderstandingtheirculturehadpaidoff,fosteringasuccessfulcross-culturalcollaboration.case

study案例分析2Whileworkingonaninternationalproject,wehadfacedasignificantcross-culturalconflict.TheteamfromIndiawasaccustomedtoamorecollectivedecision-makingprocess,whereasmyAmericanteamhadbeenadvocatingforindividualcontributions.Bythetimewehadrealizedtherootoftheissue,tensionshavealreadyescalated.Wehadnotanticipatedtheculturaldifferencesinourapproachtoteamwork.Afterseveraldiscussions,wecometounderstandeachother’sperspectivesandhadlearnedtointegrateourworkingstyles.請修改段落中出現(xiàn)的錯誤時態(tài)并說明原因任務(wù)在跨文化交際過程中常常會遇到各種尷尬或誤解的狀況。請搜集一些因言語表達不當(dāng)或身體語言理解不當(dāng)?shù)仍斐晌幕瘺_突的相關(guān)案例，用英文撰寫并分享出來(開頭已寫好)。I’mgoingtosharewithyouaninterestingcaseIsawonline.____________

限定詞AllthefourapplicantsAlltheselastfewdays名詞詞組：限定詞+前置修飾語+名詞中心詞+后置修飾語

a

rich

man

missing

last

night…起特指(specificreference)、類指(generalreference)以及表示確定數(shù)量(definitequantity)和非確定數(shù)量(indefinitequantity)等限定作用的詞類the

four

all

Applicants?

last

few

all

thesedays?Try

thisWhichofthefollowingisincorrect?AllhislectureswereboringHalfhismoneywasgone.Herfewfriendsareallfondofdancing.Heinvitedmanyhisfriendstotheparty.（0~1前）+（0~1中）+（n后）+中心詞KP1

限定詞之間的搭配all

the

fourteachers前中后half

hislecture前中all

your

threebooks

前中后all

these

last

fewdays前中后后those

last

fewmonths中后后mythatbook(?)all

otherstudents前后such

amisfortune前中some

suchalloy

中后thefirst

twochapters后后

suchabookonesuchbookSuch

a/an為前位限定詞，such為后位限定詞Many

a/an為前位限定詞，many為后位限定詞What

a/an為前位限定詞，what為中衛(wèi)限定詞KP2

跨類限定詞1）

類指（GeneralReference）類指是表示類別，也就是泛指一類人或事，定冠詞與單數(shù)名詞、定冠詞與形容詞或分詞、不定冠詞與單數(shù)名詞、零冠詞與復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞都可表示類指：a.

Therichgetricher,andthepoorgetchildren.b.

Anoxisausefulanimal.c.

Catsandtigersbelongtothesamefamilyofmammals.

d.

Unityisstrength.2）

特指

(DefiniteReference)特指一類人或物中的具體對象。一種是非常明確地指出人或物，即確定特指，定冠詞常用于此；一種是非確定特指即特指具體對象，但不很明確，不定冠詞和零冠詞用于此。Weownadogandacat.

Thedog

isbrown,and

thecat

iswhite.Imet

anoldman

inthestreet.

Thereis

aletter

foryou.Thestreetsarecleanandshadedwith

trees.

Sheput

carrots

inthestew.KP3

類指和特指KP3

類指和特指3）

后照應(yīng)特指、前照應(yīng)特指、語境特指確定特指又可分為后照應(yīng)特指（Anaphoricspecificreference）、前照應(yīng)特指(cataphoricspecificreference)和語境特指(situationalreference)后照應(yīng)特指即用定冠詞表示上文已經(jīng)提到的人或物。前照應(yīng)特指照應(yīng)的對象在后文，定冠詞的指定作用決定于名詞中心詞的后置修飾語。語境特指建立在談話雙方共有的基礎(chǔ)上，而不是上下文基礎(chǔ)上。Iorderedabooksometimeago.Thebookhasnowarrived.Hereisthe

student

Itoldyouabout.Shutthedoorplease.

I’mjustbackfromthemarket.零冠詞在一定的上下文中也可表示確定特指含義，也是一種語境特指：Whyisfatheroutofwork?

HewaselectedchairmanoftheStudents’

Union.1.

Theremustbe_____emptytalkbutmorehardwork.

A.fewerB.noC.theleastD.less2.

Thereare_____mistakesinthepaper.

A.theB.alittleC.muchD.afew3.

Isaw_____carsoutsidethebuilding.

A.alittleB.anyC.lotsofD.neitherDDCMultipleChoice.CorrecterrorsMr.Blakehashadfewopportunitytotravel.Wehavegotenoughtimetoreadsuchmanynovels.Ienjoybothkind,theredwineorthewhitewine.我可以跟你談幾句話嗎？(words)

MayIhavea

fewwordswithyou?2.每隔幾分鐘電話就響一次。Thetelephonerangeveryfewminutes.3.我們很快得知，還得再多等三個星期。

Soonwelearnedthatwehadtowaitanotherthreemoreweeks.Translationcase

study案例分析1ChinaandArabcountrieshavesetanexampleinupholdingmutualrespect,solidarityandcooperation.Thetraditionalfriendshipbetweenthetwosideshasbecomestrongerwithtime.Bothsidesfirmlysupporteachotheronissuesconcerningeachother’scoreinterestsandmajorconcerns.ChinahasalwaysextendedsupporttocountriesintheMiddleEast,solvingregionalsecu