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北京航空航天大學(xué)考博英語模擬試卷1(共5套)(共305題)北京航空航天大學(xué)考博英語模擬試卷第1套一、詞匯(本題共20題,每題1.0分,共20分。)1、Takingphotographsisstrictly_____here,asitmaydamagethepreciouscavepaintings.A、forbiddenB、rejectedC、excludedD、denied標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A知識點解析:禁止拍照要用forbid。2、Mr.Brown’sconditionlooksveryseriousanditisdoubtfulifhewill_____.A、pullbackB、pullupC、pullthroughD、pullout標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C知識點解析:動詞pull均可與選項中的介詞搭配。四個詞組的意義分別為:pullback表示“把……向后拉,反悔,(使)撤退,緊縮開支”;“拔起,停下,阻止”;“渡過難關(guān);脫離危險期,恢復(fù)健康”(=pullround.);“(火車)離站;撤離,離開”。根據(jù)前半部分的“condition(病,疾病)”可知本題選C。3、Sincetheearlynineties,thetrendinmostbusinesseshasbeentowardon-demand,always-availableproductsandservicesthatsuitthecustomer’s_____ratherthanthecompany’s.A、benefitB、availabilityC、suitabilityD、convenience標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D知識點解析:suitsb.’sconvenience是常見用法,表示“照顧某人的方便”。因此,答案為D。4、Thepriestmadethe____ofthecrosswhenheenteredthechurch.A、markB、signalC、signD、gesture標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C知識點解析:四個詞中,只有sign可與“cross(十字)”搭配。5、Thisspaciousroomis____furnishedwithjustafewarticlesinit.A、lightlyB、sparselyC、hardlyD、rarely標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B知識點解析:從空后的“justafewarticles”可推知答案為B。sparsely意為“稀疏地,稀少地”,表示間隔距離很大。6、Thedaywasbreakingandpeoplebegantogotoworksothemurdererwasunableto_____ofthebody.A、dispenseB、disposeC、discardD、discharge標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B知識點解析:本句想說的是因為天亮了人們開始去上班,所以兇手無法處理尸體。四個選項中dispense的意思是“分配,分發(fā)”;discard的意思是“丟棄,拋棄”;discharge的意思是“卸貨,放出”。只有dispose和of構(gòu)成固定搭配,意思是“處置,處理”。7、Canyouimagine!Heofferedme$5,000tobreakmycontract.That’s_____.OfcourseIdidn’tagree.Iwouldtakelegalaction.A、fraudB、blackmailC、briberyD、compensation標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C知識點解析:本句的意思是他提出給我五千美元來違約,這是種賄賂行為,我要提起法律訴訟。fraud的意思是“欺騙,欺詐”;blackmail的意思是“勒索”;compensation的意思是“補償,賠償”;只有bribery的意思是“賄賂”,因此C項正確。8、Herremarks____acompletedisregardforhumanrights.A、magnifiedB、maintainedC、manipulatedD、manifested標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D知識點解析:本句的意思是“她的評論表明了對人權(quán)的完全漠視”,只有manifested“表明,顯示”符合句意。mag—nified的意思是“擴大,放大”;maintained的意思是“保持,供養(yǎng)”;manipulated的意思是“操縱,控制”,都與句意不符。所以正確答案為D。9、I’vetoldyou_____thatyoucannotgooutandplayuntilyou’vefinishedyourhomework.A、onceandforallB、toallintentsC、allthewayD、inallrespects標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C知識點解析:四個選項的意思分別是onceandforall“斷然地,堅決地”;無toallintents這種表達方式,應(yīng)為toallintentsandpurposes實際上;alltheway自始至終,一直的;inallrespects在各個方面。句意是,我一直都跟你說,你得做完作業(yè)才能出去玩。所以正確答案是C選項。10、Ishouldbeabletofinishthetaskontime,____youprovidemewiththenecessaryguidance.A、incaseB、providedthatC、orelseD、asif標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B知識點解析:本句是一個條件句,前面說“我應(yīng)該能按時完成任務(wù)”,但條件是“只要你提供給我必要的指導(dǎo)”。四個選項中incase的意思是“萬一”;providedthat的意思是“只要”;orelse的意思是“否則,要不然”;asif的意思是好像”,根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選B。11、Onbehalfofmycompany,Iam____toyouandyourcolleaguesforyourgeneroushelp.A、subjectedB、inclinedC、availableD、obliged標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D知識點解析:本句說“我代表公司感謝你和你同事們的無私幫助”,obliged與to構(gòu)成固定搭配,意思是感激。而subjectedto的意思是“屈從于,隸屬于”;inclinedto的意思是“傾向于”;availableto的意思是“供給,有用”,都不符合句意。12、Hisofficeis_____tothePresident’s;itusuallytakeshimaboutthreeminutestogetthere.A、relatedB、adhesiveC、adherentD、adjacent標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D知識點解析:本句的后半句說他花大約三分鐘就到總統(tǒng)辦公室,那么前半句的意思應(yīng)該是他的辦公室離總統(tǒng)的很近。relatedto“有關(guān)的”;adhesiveto“粘性的”;adherentto“堅持于”都不符合句意。只有adjacentto“鄰近的,接近的”正確,因此應(yīng)選D項。13、Thereisnostudentsintheclasslikesthemistress,whoisusedtobeing_____ofeverythingtheydo.A、emotionalB、optimisticC、interestedD、critical標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D知識點解析:本句說班里的學(xué)生沒一個喜歡那位女老師,她慣于批評學(xué)生們所做的一切事。選項emotional“情緒的,情感的”;optimistic“樂觀的”;interested“感興趣的”都不對,只有critical“批評的,苛刻的”符合句意,因此D選項正確。14、Sharesonthestockmarkethave____asaresultofaworldwideeconomicdownturn.A、turnedB、changedC、floatedD、fluctuated標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C知識點解析:float指“(匯率)浮動”。15、Hewas____withthedeadlydiseasewhenhewas14,andhassufferedwithitfor10years.A、inducedB、inflictedC、insertedD、integrated標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B知識點解析:本題空格處是說他14歲時染上這種致命的疾病。B項inflicted“使承擔(dān)”符合題意。其他三項induced“勸誘”;inserted“插入”;integrated“使成整體”都不正確。16、Everypersononthesalesteamis_____becausetheyworktogetherwell.A、incompatibleB、incredibleC、indefiniteD、indispensable標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D知識點解析:本題空格處是說銷售隊伍的每個人都是不可或缺的。D項indispensable“不可或缺的”符合題意,其他三項incompatible“不相容的”;incredible“難以置信的”;indefinite“不確定的”都不正確。17、Thesecretarywantsto_____allthefileclerkstomakepreparationsforthecompanyChristmasparty.A、enlightenB、enlistC、enableD、enclose標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B知識點解析:本題是說秘書想征召所有的檔案管理員為公司圣誕晚會做準(zhǔn)備。B項enlist“征募,征召”符合題意,其他三項enlighten“啟發(fā)”;enable“使能夠”;enclose“裝入”都不正確。18、Tobeasuccessfulcriminal,onemustbe_____A、empiricalB、emigrantC、elegantD、elusive標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D知識點解析:本題是說一個人要成為成功的罪犯,必須容易被忘記。D項elusive“難懂的,易忘的”符合題意。其他三項empirical“經(jīng)驗主義的”;emigrant“移民”;elegant“文雅的”都不正確。19、Thelowoperatingcostsoftheforeigncompanywill_____thehighlaborcoststhebusinesspaysinitsowncountry.A、offendB、obstructC、obligeD、offset標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D知識點解析:本題空格處是說抵消高的勞動成本。D項offset“抵消”符合題意。其他三項offend“得罪“;obstruct“阻礙”;oblige“迫使”都不正確。20、Despitethefactthattheywere_____whentheymarried,after30yearstheylivetogetherharmoniously.A、contradictoryB、incompatibleC、contraryD、compatible標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B知識點解析:本題空格處是說盡管他們結(jié)婚時不調(diào)和。B項incompatible“不調(diào)和的”符合題意。其他三項contradictory“反對的”;contrary“相反的”;compatible“協(xié)調(diào)的”都不正確。二、閱讀理解(本題共20題,每題1.0分,共20分。)OnesillyquestionIsimplycannottolerateis"Howdoyoufeel?"Usuallythequestionisaskedofamaninaction-amanwalkingalongthestreet,orbusilyworkingathisdesk.Sowhatdoyouexpecthimtosay?He'llprobablysay,"Fine,I'mallright."Butyouhaveputabugahisear—maybenowheisnotsure.Ifyouarehisgoodfriend,youmayhaveseensomethingonhisface,orinhiswalk,thatheoverlookedthatmorning.Itmakeshimworryingalittle.Helooksinamirrortoseeifeverythingisallright,whileyougomerrilyonyourwayaskingsomeoneelse,"Howdoyoufeel?"Everyquestionhasitstimeandplace.It'sperfectlyacceptable,forinstance,toask"Howdoyoufeel?"ifyouarevisitingaclosefriendinthehospital.Butifthefellowiswalkingonbothlegs,hurryingtotakeatrainorsittingathisdeskworking,it'snotimetoaskhimthatsillyquestion.WhenGeorgeBernardShaw,thefamousBritishwriterofplayswasinhiseighties,someoneaskedhim,"Howdoyoufeel?"Shawputhiminhisplace."Whenyoureachmyage,"hesaid,"eitheryoufeelallrightoryouaredead."21、Accordingtothewriter,greetings,suchas"Howdoyoufeel?"_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D知識點解析:結(jié)合全文的內(nèi)容,可知正確答案為D項。22、Thequestion"Howdoyoufeel?"seemstobecorrectandsuitablewhenaskedof____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A知識點解析:從第二段第二句可知正確答案為A項。23、GeorgeBernardShaw’sreplyinthispassageshowshis_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B知識點解析:從最后一段可推測出蕭伯納的回答是聰明的。故選B項。24、"Youhaveputabuginhisear"meansthatyouhave____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D知識點解析:問候一個從事正?;顒拥娜?Howdoyoufeel?"可能暗示他現(xiàn)在還未曾意識到的某些問題。選D項。A、B、C項沒有體現(xiàn)在上下文中。25、Thispassagecanbeentitled____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A知識點解析:整篇文章作者都是圍繞著“Howdoyoufeel?”這個sillyquestion而展開的,最好的標(biāo)題應(yīng)是A項。Inrecentyearsmanycountriesoftheworldhavebeenfacedwiththeproblemofhowtomaketheirworkersmoreproductive.Someexpertsclaimtheansweristomakejobsmorevaried.Butdomorevariedjobsleadtogreaterproductivity?Theevidenceshowsthatwhilevarietycertainlymakestheworker'slifemoreenjoyable,itdoesnotactuallymakehimworkharder.Asfarasincreasingproductivityisconcerned,then,varietyisnotanimportantfactor.Otherexpertsfeelthatgivingtheworkerfreedomtodohisjobinhisownwayisimportant.Thereisnodoubtthatthisistrue.Theproblemisthatthiskindoffreedomcannoteasilybegiveninthemodernfactorywithitscomplicatedmachinerywhichmustbeusedinafixedway.Thus,althoughfreedomofchoicemaybeimportant,usuallyverylittlecanbedonetocreateit.Anotherimportantconsiderationishowmuchaworkercontributestotheproductheismaking.Inmostfactoriestheworkerseesonlyonesmallpartoftheproduct.Somecarfactoriesarenowexperimentingwithhavingmanysmallproductionlinesratherthanalargeone,sothateachworkercontributesmoretotheproductionofthecarsonhisline.Itwouldseemthatnotonlyisdegreeoftheworker'scontributionanimportantfactor,therefore,butitisalsoonewecandosomethingabout.Towhatextentdoesmoremoneyleadtogreaterproductivity?Theworkersthemselvescertainlythinkthisisimportant.Butperhapstheywantmoremoneyonlybecausetheworktheydoissoboring.Moneyjustletsthemenjoytheirsparetimemore.Asimilarargumentmayexplaindemandsforshorterworkinghours.Perhapsifwemaketheirjobsmoreinteresting,theywillwantneithermoremoneynorshorterworkinghours.26、Variedjobs,inwriter’sopinion,will_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D知識點解析:從第一段倒數(shù)第二個句子可知正確答案為D項。27、Accordingtothepassage,freedomcannotbeeasilygivensince_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D知識點解析:根據(jù)第二段的第三個句子可知本題的答案為D項。28、Degreeoftheworker’scontributionisgreaterwhen_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B知識點解析:根據(jù)第三段第三、四句可知本題的正確答案為B項。29、Workerswantmoremoneyandshorterworkinghoursto_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A知識點解析:根據(jù)最后一段可知正確答案為A項。30、Accordingtothepassage,thestatementthatbestdescribesthewriter’sattitudeis_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C知識點解析:本題屬于推斷題。第一段指出在于工作的"variety",第二段專家認為是"freedom”,第三段提出有人考慮“contribution”及“moremoneyandshorterworkhours”等,但是實際上這幾種都沒法提高生產(chǎn)力。因此,正確答案為C項。Thereareanumberofformatsforreportingresearch,suchasarticlestoappearinjournals,reportsaddressedtofundingagencies,thesesordissertationsaspartoftherequirementsforuniversitydegrees,andpaperstobepresentedatconferences.Theseformatsdifferfromoneanothermostlyintheirpurposesandtheaudienceswhomtheyaddress.Wewillnowbrieflydescribethem.Thejournalarticleisawayofreportingresearchforprofessionaljournalsoreditedcollections.Theresearchisreportinginabrief,yetinformativeway,focusingmostlyonthemainfeaturesoftheresearchsuchasthepurpose,reviewoftheliterature(oftenreferredtoas"background"),proceduresusedforcarryingouttheresearchaccompaniedbytables,charts,andgraphs,andinterpretationsoftheresults(oftenreferredtoasdiscussion).Thecontentandemphasisofthejournalarticlewillvaryaccordingtotheintendedreaders(researchorpractitioners)anditisimportantfortheresearchertobeawareofthebackgroundandinterestofthereadersofthejournal.Articlesintendedtobereadbypractitionerswillemphasizethepracticalimplicationsandrecommendationsoftheresearch,whilearticlesintendedtobereadbyresearcherswilldescribeindetailthemethodusedtocollectdata,theconstructionofdatacollectionprocedures,andthetechniquesusedforanalyzingthedata.Itisimportantforthenoviceresearchertobeawareofthefactthatarticlessubmittedtojournalsgothroughaprocessofevaluationbyexpertswhomakeajudgmentandrecommendwhethertheyshouldbepublishedornot.Thethesisordissertationisaformatforreportingresearchwhichgraduatestudentswriteaspartoffulfillingtherequirementsforanadvancedacademicdegree.Thestudentisexpectedtodescribeingreatdetailallthephasesoftheresearchsoitcanbeexaminedandevaluatedcarefullybythereader.Thusthethesisordissertationincludesthepurposeandsignificanceofthestudy,therationale,athoroughreviewoftheliterature,detailedinformationastotheresearchtoolsandtheproceduresinvolvedintheirdevelopment,adescriptionofdataanalysisandtheresults,andaninterpretationoftheresultsintheformofconclusions,implications,andrecommendation.Thisdetaileddescriptionoftheprocessoftheresearchisneededtoprovidetheprofessorswithanindicationofthestudent'sabilitytocarryoutresearch.Theconferencepaperisawayofreportingresearchatconferences,seminarsandcolloquia.Atsuchmeetingsresearchpapersareusuallypresentedorally.Theyaresimilartotheresearcharticlesinceresearchisreportedinaconcise,yetinformativeway,focusingonthemostessentialelementsoftheresearch.Handoutsandtransparenciescanalsoaccompanythepresentations.Aswiththeresearcharticle,heretoo,thecontentandemphasisoftheoralreportwilldependtoalargeextentonthetypeofaudiencepresentatthemeeting,andwhethertheyareresearchersorpractitioners.31、Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A知識點解析:本題可參照第一段,在這段中指出了用來報道研究成果有不同的形式,主要有:雜志上發(fā)表的研究報告、畢業(yè)生的學(xué)術(shù)論文、會議上做的報告。下文針對這三種報告分別介紹了它們的格式、內(nèi)容。所以正確答案是A。32、Thecommonaspectforthejournalarticles,thesesandconferencepapersliesinthat_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D知識點解析:本題可依據(jù)文章開頭的“Thereareanumberofformatsforreportingresearch,suchas…”,據(jù)此可知D項為正確答案。33、Wecandistinguishthoseresearchreportsfromeachothermainlythrough_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B知識點解析:本題可依據(jù)原文的“Theseformatsdifferfromoneanothermostlyintheirpurposesandtheaudienceswhichtheyaddress.”本題題干中換用了另一種表達方式。因此正確答案為B。34、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthispassage?標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B知識點解析:“Theresearchisreportinginabrief,yetinformativeway….”以及“They(theconferencepapers)aresimilartotheresearcharticlesinceresearchisreportedinaconcise,yetinformativeway”是A項在文中出現(xiàn)的依據(jù);“Articlesintendedto…analyzingthedata.以及Aswiththe…orpractitioners.”是涉及C項的依據(jù);由“Thethesisordissertationisaformatforreportingresearchwhichgraduatestudentswrite.”可以看出thesis和dissertation是書面形式的,而根據(jù)"Atsuchmeetingsresearchpapersareusuallypresentedorally."可知“researchpapers”采取的是口頭報告的形式,據(jù)此判斷D項也是在短文中提到過的。因此答案為B。35、Howcanaprofessorevaluateastudent’scapabilityofimplementingtheresearch?標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C知識點解析:由第四段的“Thisdetaileddescriptionoftheprocessoftheresearchisneededtoprovidetheprofessorswithanindicationofthestudent’sabilitytocarryoutresearch.”可知,正確答案是C。Inrecentyears,manyAmericansofbothsexesandvariousageshavebecomeinterestedinimprovingtheirbodies.Theyhavebecomedevotedtophysicalfitness.Theneedtoexercisehasalmostbecomecompulsivewithmanypersonswhohaveastrongdesiretobemorephysicallyfit.Bynature,Americansareenthusiasticandenergeticabouttheirhobbiesandpastimes.Theyapplythisenthusiasm,andenergytojogging/running.Asaresult,therearerunningclubstojoinandmanybooksandmagazinestoreadaboutrunning.Thedesiretobephysicallyfitisexplainedbya"passion"forgoodhealth.Thehighrateofheartattacksinthe1960scausedanincreaseonthepartofthepublicinimprovingthehumanbody.Middle-agedmenespeciallysufferfromheartattacks.Thus,theyareonegroupstronglyinterestedinmorephysicalexercise.Infact,manydoctorsencouragetheirpatientstobecomemorephysicallyactive,especiallythosewhohavesedentaryjobs.Itisinterestingtonotethattherateofheartattacksbegantodecreaseinthe1970sanditisstilldecreasing.PhysicalfitnesscurrentlyenjoysafavoredroleintheUnitedStates.Itisanew"love"thatmanyAmericanshavecherished.Willitlastlong?Onlytimewilltelloruntilanother"newpassion"comesa-long.36、Inrecentyears,manyAmericanshavebecomeinterestedinimprovingtheirbodiesbecause_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B知識點解析:題目要求回答,近年來許多美國人為何熱衷于改進體質(zhì)。第一段最后一句話解釋了這一原因。B項為正確答案。37、Thepassageimpliesthat_____isagreatfavoriteofmanyAmericans,menandwomen,oldandyoung.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A知識點解析:從文中第二段可知,美國人生來就喜歡消遣和有嗜好。他們熱衷于慢跑,結(jié)果各種慢跑俱樂部和慢跑運動書刊到處都有。A項為正確答案。38、Middle-agedmensufferingfromheartattacks_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C知識點解析:由第四段第一、二句可知正確答案為C項。39、Inthesentence"Infact,manydoctorsencouragetheirpatientstobecomemorephysicallyactive,e-speciallythosewhohavesedentaryjobs",theword"sedentary"means_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B知識點解析:根據(jù)上下文理解詞義。只有B項符合題意。40、Accordingtothepassage,willtheloveforphysicalexerciselastlongforAmericans?標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D知識點解析:從最后一段的“Onlytimecantell”可知D項為正確答案。三、完形填空(本題共20題,每題1.0分,共20分。)Whatattractscustomers?Obviouslythequalityofaproductdoes,butvisualimages【C1】______agreatdeal.Itisnotonlytheimageprovidedbythepackagingthat【C2】______butthewholecorporate【C3】______ofthecompany.Therearenowmanyproductsandservicesonthemarketwhicharesimilarincontent【C4】______producedbydifferentcompanies.Itisvital,therefore,foracompanyto【C5】______itselffromitscompetitorsbyhavingastrongcompanyimagewhichisimmediately【C6】______.Logosarepartofthisimage.Theyare【C7】______whichoftenincludeanameorinitialstoidentifyacompany.Thelogoestablishesa【C8】______identityforthecompany,justasdifferentgroupsofyoungpeopleexpresstheiridentitythroughhairstylesandclothes.Allgroupsfromallculturesand【C9】______theageshaveusedcolorsandsymbolstoshowtheiridentity.Indifferentcultures,differentcolors【C10】______differentmeanings.Somecolorsmaybeconnectedwithcoldnessinonecultureandwith【C11】______inanother:somecolorsrepresent【C12】______inoneculturebutdeathinanother.Internationalcompanieshave,【C13】______,tomakesurethattheirlogoswillnotbemisunderstoodormisinterpretedindifferentcountries.Manycompanieshave,overtheyears,【C14】______theirlogostofitinwithcontemporarydesignandtopresentmorepowerfulimages.Companylogoscanbeemotiveandcan【C15】______loyaltyby【C16】______theinstinct.Somelogos【C17】______anideaoftheproduct,andacaseinpointisthesteeringwheelintheMercedeslogo.Logosareusedonletterheads,packagingand【C18】______aswellasontheproductitself.Theymayalsoappearinnewspapersorontelevisionaspartofanadvertising【C19】______.Companiesneedtohaveastrongcorporateidentity.Thelogohelpstopromotethisimageandtofixitinthemindsofthe【C20】______.Logos,therefore,needtobeoriginalandtohaveimpactandstyle.41、【C1】A、attributeB、contributeC、devoteD、attract標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B知識點解析:本題考核的知識點是:動詞辨析。attribute意為“把……歸因子(to),認為……系某人所為”;contribute意為“捐獻,起作用,有助于,做出貢獻”;devote意為“專心致力于,獻(身),貢獻”;attract意為“吸引,引起(興趣、注意等)”。文章指出,吸引顧客的不僅僅是產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量,視覺圖像也起很大作用;B符合題意。42、【C2】A、concernsB、involvesC、countsD、means標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C知識點解析:本題考核的知識點是:動詞辨析。而且一看便知,是個不及物動詞。concern意為“與……有關(guān);擔(dān)心,掛念”。involve意為“牽涉,包括”。count意為“有價值,很重要”,常用方法是:sth.counts(alot)。mean意為“關(guān)系重大,很重要”,多與sb.搭配,表達方式為:sth.means(alot)tosb.。根據(jù)題意,C和D為可選的答案,但是文章并沒有說包裝圖案對誰很重要,因此C為最佳答案。43、【C3】A、featuresB、qualityC、identityD、status標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A知識點解析:本題考核的知識點是:名詞辨析。注意,文章中本句的notonly...but...也是“關(guān)聯(lián)對應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)”的技巧。feature意為“特征,特色,容貌”;quality意為“品質(zhì),質(zhì)量”;identity意為“身份,特性”;status意為“地位,狀態(tài)”。根據(jù)上下文可知,文章一直在強調(diào)產(chǎn)品視覺圖像的作用,因此該處應(yīng)與整篇文章相一致。B、C、D都不能表達該層含義,因此A為答案。44、【C4】A、insteadB、andC、thoughD、as標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C知識點解析:本題考核的知識點是:語篇連貫。根據(jù)語篇,該空前后為讓步關(guān)系,意思是:現(xiàn)在市場上有很多商品,它們雖然由不同的公司出品,但是內(nèi)容卻一樣,though符合題意。注意轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系和讓步關(guān)系的區(qū)別:轉(zhuǎn)折一否定前面一句話。讓步—否定前面這句話可能產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。45、【C5】A、existB、isolateC、holdD、distinguish標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D知識點解析:本題考核的知識點是:動詞辨析。exist意為“存在”;isolate意為“使隔離,使孤立”;hold意為“保持,維持”;distinguish與from連用時表示“識別,把……和……區(qū)別開”,如:Speechesdistinguishmanfromtheanimals語言使人區(qū)別于動物。根據(jù)文章,具有相同產(chǎn)品的公司要想脫穎而出,必須有很強的公司形象,D為最佳答案。46、【C6】A、observableB、differentiableC、recognizableD、accountable標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C知識點解析:本題考核的知識點是:形容詞辨析。observable意為“可以看得見的,觀察得出的”,強調(diào)通過觀察獲得;differentiable意為“可辨別的,可區(qū)分的”,強調(diào)仔細細微地辨別;recognizable意為“可被認出的,可辨認的”,不需要太多力氣;accountable意為“有責(zé)任的,可解釋的”。從文章中可以看出,公司的形象立即被認出,不需要費很多力氣。47、【C7】A、symbolsB、signsC、signalsD、indications標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A知識點解析:本題考核的知識點是:名詞辨析。symbol意為“象征,符號”;sign意為“記號,信號,暗號”;signal意為“信號”;indication意為“跡象,征兆”。包括公司名稱或首寫字母的標(biāo)志能夠使該公司區(qū)別于其他公司,因此公司的標(biāo)志代表了該公司,也就是其象征。因此A為答案。B和C是“絕對同義選項”,在考研完形填空中有11%的題目含有這樣的選項。它們都是錯誤的選項,可以直接排除。48、【C8】A、visibleB、visualC、briefD、explicit標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B知識點解析:本題考核的知識點是:形容詞辨析。visible意為“看得見的”;visual意為“視覺的,形象的”;brief意為“簡短的”;explicit意為“清楚的,明確的”。該句表達的意思是:看到公司的標(biāo)記,就會與該公司聯(lián)系起來,因此標(biāo)記是公司視覺上的代表。B為答案。B和A是“相對同義選項”,又叫做“約等于”選項,在考研完形填空之中有16%的題目含有這樣的選項。它們2選1,其中一個正確。49、【C9】A、inB、throughoutC、forD、between標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B知識點解析:本題考核的知識點是:介詞搭配和辨析。throughout和theages搭配,意為“很多年來”。for和ages搭配不需要冠詞;in和between不符合題意。50、【C10】A、containB、carryC、predominateD、convey標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D知識點解析:本題考核的知識點是:動詞辨析。contain意為“包含,容納,裝有”;carry意為“攜帶,具有,含有”;predominate意為“掌握,支配”;convey意為“傳達,表達”。這句話的含義是,不同的顏色表達不同的含義,因此D為答案。51、【C11】A、mildnessB、consolationC、affectionD、warmth標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D知識點解析:本題考核的知識點是:上下文邏輯。從上下文可以看出,這里需要填寫一個與coldness相反的詞,因此warmth為答案。52、【C12】A、lifeB、loveC、liveD、alive標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A知識點解析:本題考核的知識點是:上下文邏輯。從上下文可以看出,這里需要填寫一個與death相反的詞,因此,life為答案。53、【C13】A、otherwiseB、stillC、thereforeD、additionally標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C知識點解析:本題考核的知識點是:語篇連貫。當(dāng)大家看到“,——,”這樣的插入語時候,第一反應(yīng)是"however",但是這里沒有,所以根據(jù)語篇,本句與上文之間為因果關(guān)系,therefore符合題意。而且文章的尾句雖然沒有出題,但是為本題提供了“插入語”的線索。54、【C14】A、continuedB、keptC、changedD、refreshed標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C知識點解析:本題考核的知識點是:動詞辨析。根據(jù)文章,隨著時代的發(fā)展,很多公司不斷地更新它們的公司標(biāo)志以跟上當(dāng)代設(shè)計的需要,C為最佳選擇。55、【C15】A、promoteB、inspireC、promptD、stir標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B知識點解析:本題考核的知識點是:動詞辨析。promote意為“促進,發(fā)揚,提升,提拔”。inspire意為“鼓舞,感動,激發(fā),啟示”。prompt意為“提示,鼓動,促使”。stir意為“轟動,激起,惹起”,B符合題意。56、【C16】A、regardingB、impressingC、influencingD、effecting標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C知識點解析:本題考核的知識點是:動詞辨析。regard“看,重視,尊敬”;impress“留下印象”,impress的賓語必須是人;influence“影響”,一般是“好的”影響;effect“招致,實現(xiàn),達到”。根據(jù)句義應(yīng)選C。57、【C17】A、combineB、collaborateC、incorporateD、blend標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C知識點解析:本題考核的知識點是:動詞辨析。combine意為“(使)聯(lián)合,(使)結(jié)合”。collaborate意為“協(xié)作,合作,合著”。incorporate意為“合并,融入,具體體現(xiàn)”。blend意為“混合,融合”。58、【C18】A、coversB、brochuresC、contentsD、volumes標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B知識點解析:本題考核的知識點是:名詞辨析。cover意為“封面,蓋子”;brochure意為“宣傳冊”;content意為“內(nèi)容”;volume意為“卷,冊(多指書籍)”。根據(jù)常識,公司的標(biāo)志被用于信箋抬頭、外包裝、宣傳冊以及產(chǎn)品自身上,B為最佳選擇。本題又是“關(guān)聯(lián)對應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)”,文章中的and和之前的逗號都連接了前后的“對應(yīng)”的信息。59、【C19】A、movementB、planC、campaignD、function標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C知識點解析:本題考核的知識點是:名詞辨析。movement意為“運動”;plan意為“計劃”;campaign意為“活動,戰(zhàn)役”;function意為“功能”。此處指廣告宣傳活動,C符合題意。60、【C20】A、consumersB、employersC、reportersD、manufacturers標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A知識點解析:本題考核的知識點是:名詞辨析。consumer意為“消費者”;employer意為“雇主”;reporter意為“記者”;manufacturer意為“生產(chǎn)商,生產(chǎn)者”。該句意思為:公司的標(biāo)志可以提高公司的形象,給消費者很深的印象。A為最佳答案。四、英譯漢(本題共1題,每題1.0分,共1分。)61、AlmosteverydaythemediadiscoversanAfricanAmericancommunityfightingsomeformofenvironmentalthreatfromlandfills,garbagedumps,petrochemicalplants,refineries,busdepots,andthelistgoeson.Foryears,residentswatchedhelplesslyastheircommunitiesbecamedumpinggrounds.Butcitizensdidn’tremainsilentforlong.Localactivistshavebeenorganizingunderthemantleofenvironmentaljusticesinceasfarbackas1968.Morethanthreedecadesago,theconceptofenvironmentaljusticehadnotregisteredontheradarscreensofmanyenvironmentalorcivilrightsgroups.Butenvironmentaljusticefitssquarelyunderthecivilrightsumbrella.ItshouldnotbeforgottenthatDr.MartinLutherKingJr.wenttoMemphisonanenvironmentalandeconomicjusticemissionin1968,seekingsupportforstrikinggarbageworkerswhowereunderpaidandwhosebasicdutiesexposedthemtoenvironmentallyhazardousconditions.In1979,alandmarkenvironmentaldiscriminationlawsuitfiledinHouston,followedbysimilarlitigationeffortsinthe1980s,ralliedactiviststostanduptocorporationsanddemandgovernmentintervention.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:幾乎每一天,媒體都會發(fā)現(xiàn)非裔美國人社區(qū)為威脅環(huán)境的某種形式而戰(zhàn),這些威脅來自廢物填注地,垃圾堆放地,石化廠。煉油廠,巴士車廠,不勝枚舉。很多年來,居民們看到他們的社區(qū)變成垃圾場卻無能為力。但是市民們沒有長時間保持沉默。當(dāng)?shù)氐募みM主義分子從1968年就開始在環(huán)境正義的保護下組織了。三十多年前,環(huán)境正義的概念還沒有在環(huán)境的或民事權(quán)利的群體雷達網(wǎng)上注冊。但是環(huán)境正義在民事權(quán)利庇護下正合適。應(yīng)該記得馬丁路德金1968年跟著環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟使團去孟斐斯尋找支持那些所的工資過低的掃除垃圾的工人,他們的基本職責(zé)容易使他們自己處于環(huán)境危險的狀況。1979年,緊隨著20世紀80年代同樣的訴訟努力,在休斯敦環(huán)境歧視訴訟領(lǐng)域的一個里程碑,給予了的激進主義分子們勇敢的抵抗社團并拒絕政府干預(yù)。知識點解析:暫無解析五、寫作(本題共1題,每題1.0分,共1分。)62、A.Studythefollowinggraphcarefullyandwriteanessayin200words.B.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow.Outline:1.Interpretthegraph.2.Suggestcounter-measures.3.Giveadviceforjobseekers.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:Asisshowninthegraph,thejobfutureinCityAisnotlookingsobright.CityAPersonnelandTalentBureaureportedthatin2001,therewereonly50,000positionsavailableforthealmost60,000graduates.Whilethenumberofthegraduatesincreasedby67%inthefollowingtwoyears,thatofthejobopportunitiesremainedthesame.AsfarasIknow,thesituationisnobetterinotherbigcitiesofChina.Jobhuntinghasbecomeoneofthemostseriousproblemstoday.Inordertosolvetheproblem,thegovernmentshouldadjustjobmarketpoliciestotakepressureoffthenewjob-seekers.Foronething,they’resupposedtoprovidethegraduateswithmorejobopportunities.Foranother,theyshouldenlightenthegraduatingcollegestudentsastothefiercecompetitiona-head.Itismoreimportantthatthejobhuntersbefullyawareofthedifficultsituationandgetwellpreparedforthetoughjourney.Facingsuchatightjobmarket,theyoughttoadjusttheirattitudeandsetmorerealisticcareergoals.It’sadvisabletotrytheirluckinsmallerbutalsopromisingcities.Ifstilltheycannotfindasuitablejob,puttingoffemploymentandgoingabroadforfurtherstudymaybeothergoodchoices.知識點解析:暫無解析北京航空航天大學(xué)考博英語模擬試卷第2套一、詞匯(本題共20題,每題1.0分,共20分。)1、Notuntilthegamehadbegun_____atthesportsground.A、shouldhehavearrivedB、hadhearrivedC、didhearriveD、wouldhehadarrived標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C知識點解析:notuntil…放在句首時,主句要用部分倒裝。當(dāng)某些具有否定意義的詞或短語放在句首做狀語時,句子要用部分倒裝。常見的這部分詞有:hardly,little,never,notuntil,rarely,seldom等;常見的短語有:innoway,atnotime,innocase,bynomeans,undernocircumstances等以及部分關(guān)聯(lián)詞:hardly(scarcely/barely)…when…,nosooner…than…等。當(dāng)這些否定詞不放在句首時,就不用倒裝。2、Neitheratthismeetingnoratthepreviousone_____theproposal.A、theydidnotdiscussB、didtheydiscussC、dotheydiscussD、wouldtheydiscuss標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B知識點解析:在并列連接詞notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…等連接的句子中,如果notonly,neither放在句首,要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。但是,當(dāng)位于句首的neither…nor…或notonly…butalso…連接的是主語成分而不是句子時,句子須用正常語序。3、Themoleculesofgasesmovemorefreelythan____.A、doliquidsandsolidsB、liquidsandsolidsdoC、dothoseofliquidsandsolidsD、thosedoofliquidsandsolids標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C知識點解析:連接詞as或than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中,為了保持句子的平衡,句子可全部倒裝,也可局部倒裝。4、Thetallerthecontainer,____atthebottom.A、thegreaterwillthewaterpressurebeB、thewaterpressurewillbegreaterC、thegreaterwillbethewaterpressureD、greaterthewaterpressurewillbe標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C知識點解析:在“the+比較級,the+比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)中,也可用倒裝形式,既可用全部倒裝,也可用部分倒裝。意為“越……越……”。5、____fromthetenthfloorwhenthepolicemanpointedhispistolathim.A、JumpeddowntheburglarB、DowntheburglarjumpedC、TheburglarjumpeddownD、Downjumpedtheburglar標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D知識點解析:某些表示方位的副詞in,out,away,off,down,up等位于句首時,常常使用倒裝。這些詞常和go,come等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動作動詞的一般過去時連用,目的是為了生動地描寫這些動作。6、Tothenorthofthecity____asmallisland.A、lainB、liesC、wasthereD、therelays標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B知識點解析:當(dāng)表示地點的介詞短語在句中充當(dāng)狀語,而謂語又為某些表示狀態(tài)的動詞,如come,lie,stand,run,walk等時,為了上下文聯(lián)系緊密或保持句子平衡,常把狀語或表語放到句首,謂語動詞置于主語之前,引起全部倒裝。7、_____shefirstheardofthemanreferredtoasaspecialist.A、ThatwasfromStephenB、ItwasStephenwhomC、ItwasfromStephenthatD、ItwasStephenthat標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C知識點解析:本題考查強調(diào)句型。從題干來看,被強調(diào)部分應(yīng)該是狀語,所以應(yīng)選擇C。referredto引起的短語在句中作theman的后置定語。8、Wasit____theprofessorregardedwithsuchcontempt?A、themwhoB、themwhomC、hewhoD、those標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D知識點解析:這里強調(diào)賓語。當(dāng)賓語是代詞them,要改用those。9、theEuropeansbegantolearnhowtousethecompassontheirships.A、Itwasnotuntilthe12thcenturywhenB、Hardlyitwasthe12thcenturythanC、Nosooneritwasthe12thcenturywhenD、Itwasnotuntilthe12thcenturythat標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D知識點解析:只有D項是強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)形式,其他均不是。10、WhenItrytounderstand_____thatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasonemightexpect.itseemstomethattherearetwocauses.A、whyitdoesB、whatitdoesC、whatitisD、whyitis標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C知識點解析:本題考查的是句式比較復(fù)雜的強調(diào)句。A、B兩個選項不符合強調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu),可首先排除。題中understand的賓語是一個what從句,而從句本身又是一個強調(diào)句型,等于itis(what)thatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasonem

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