筆譯三級(jí)實(shí)務(wù)（綜合）模擬試卷1（共144題）

筆譯三級(jí)實(shí)務(wù)（綜合）模擬試卷1（共9套）（共144題）筆譯三級(jí)實(shí)務(wù)（綜合）模擬試卷第1套一、英譯漢(本題共8題，每題1.0分，共8分。)1、We’llhavemorepersonnelatourembassyinCuba,andourdiplomatswillhavetheabilitytoengagemorebroadlyacrosstheisland.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：我們將派更多人員前往駐古巴大使館，我們的外交人員將能在全島各地進(jìn)行更為廣泛的接觸。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析2、TheGreekParliamenttomorroworWednesdayhastoapprovenotonlythisagreement,buttheyhavetolegislatethingstheyhavealreadyagreedto,forexample,value-addedtaxhikesandpensioncuts.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：希臘議會(huì)必須在明天也即周三通過(guò)這份協(xié)議，同時(shí)也要對(duì)已經(jīng)達(dá)成一致的事項(xiàng)立法通過(guò)，包括增加增值稅和削減養(yǎng)老金。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析3、Thepriceoftherubleissinking.It’snowworth50percentlessagainstthedollarthanitwasayearago,asthepriceofoilfallsandWesterneconomicsanctionstighten.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：盧布不斷貶值。由于油價(jià)下跌及西方經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁收緊，與一年前相比，現(xiàn)在盧布與美元的兌換率已下跌50％。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析4、AbillthatwouldgivetheWhiteHouseexpeditedauthoritytoenterintoaPacificRimtradeagreementfinallyappearstobeonapathtothepresident’sdesk.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：授權(quán)白宮簽訂環(huán)太平洋貿(mào)易協(xié)定的快速通道議案，現(xiàn)在看來(lái)已能送往總統(tǒng)的辦公桌了。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析5、Whatweknowtoday,thankstoaNewYorkTimesstorybasedonnewlyreleaseddocumentsfromSnowden,isthattheNSA’swarrantlesssurveillanceoftheInternethasactuallyexpandedundertheObamaadministration.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：根據(jù)《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》基于斯諾登最新揭露文件的報(bào)道，我們現(xiàn)在知道，奧巴馬政府已經(jīng)事實(shí)上擴(kuò)大了美國(guó)國(guó)家安全局未經(jīng)授權(quán)的監(jiān)視網(wǎng)絡(luò)項(xiàng)目。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析6、Anotherpartoftheobserver’sjobistomakesurethatheavyweapons,youknow,thingsliketanksandrocketlaunchers,arebeingstoredatasafedistanceawayfromthefrontsotheycan’tbeused.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：觀察員的工作還包括其他內(nèi)容：確保像坦克、火箭發(fā)射器這類重型武器的儲(chǔ)存之地與前線之間保持安全距離，確保這類武器不被使用。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析7、RemarksatDinnerHonoringtheChinesePremierGoodevening,ladiesandgentlemen,andwelcometotheStateDepartmentandourbeautifulJeffersonRoom.Mr.Premier,IwelcomeyoutotheStateDepartmentthisevening,andIthinkit’susefultoleteverybodyknowthatyouandIhaveonethingverymuchincommon,eventhoughwearejustmeetingforthefirsttime,wearebothgeologists.Youactuallywentoffandpracticedgeology.AllIeverdidwashidebehindrocksduringmymilitarycareer.Mr.Premier,IreadyourrecentinterviewwithTheWashingtonPostwithgreatinterest.IwasparticularlystruckbyyourcommentsaboutthecommonsacrificesChineseandAmericanshavemadeinhelpingtoshapeourrelationshipandbuildabetterworld.IandmanyAmericansappreciated,particularly,yourreferencestotheAmericanArmyAirCorpspilotswhoflewacrossthehumpoftheHimalayastobringassistancetoChinaduringWorldWarII.ThesesacrificesandthoseoftheChinesepeoplesomanyyearsagoareindeed,asyousaid,"testimonytothecooperationbetweenChineseandAmericans."IappreciateyoureffortsontheAIDScrisis,andIparticularlyapplaudyoureffortstoremovethestigmaofAIDSinChina,andtohelpthosesomuchinneedofmedicalcare.Onthisandmanyothermatters,youhavebeencandid,constructive,andyouhavesoughtcooperativerelationships,andthatispreciselywhatweseekwithChina:acandid,constructiveandcooperativerelationship.Weneedsucharelationshipbecausewehavearesponsibilitytofuturegenerationstodeepenandexpandthepeace.IapplaudyourcontributionsinworkingforadenuclearizedNorthKorea,inhelpingtoreconstructIraq,andinbringingstabilitytoyourneighbor,Afghanistan.Iapplaudyourhelpandcooperationinfightingthescourgeofterrorism.Wealsohavearesponsibilitytofuturegenerationstousethewealththatwegeneratetoeducatepeople,togivethemanopportunitytobettertheirlivesandthelivesoftheirchildren.Asyousaidinyourinterview,wemustliberatethecreativityandenterprisingspiritofourpeople.Weallknowthat,inthelongrun,itistheireffortsthatwillachieveourcommongoalofprosperityandpeace,athomeandabroad.Tohelpourpeoplewemustalsoworktogethertoensurethatourmarketsremainopen,andthatourexpandingeconomicandtraderelationshipremainstransparentandfair.AndsoIwouldliketoproposeatoasttothePremier,andtoourChinesecolleagues:ToasttothecontinuedadvancementofrelationsbetweentheUnitedStatesandChina.Toabrightfutureforournationsandourneighbors,andtotheworkaheadofustobuildasecure,prosperousandpeacefulworld.Ganbei.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：歡迎中國(guó)總理的晚宴致詞女士們、先生們，晚上好。歡迎各位蒞臨國(guó)務(wù)院，來(lái)到我們漂亮的杰斐遜廳?？偫硐壬?，歡迎您今晚光臨國(guó)務(wù)院。我想有必要告訴大家，雖然你我二人是初次見(jiàn)面，但我們有一個(gè)十分相同之處，那就是我們都是地質(zhì)工作者。您曾身體力行從事地質(zhì)工作，而我所做的是在從軍期間利用巖石作掩護(hù)?？偫硐壬?，我以極大的興趣閱讀了您最近接受《華盛頓郵報(bào)》采訪時(shí)的談話。您的談話提到中美兩國(guó)人民為締造兩國(guó)關(guān)系和建立更美好的世界共同作出犧牲，給我留下特別深刻的印象。特別是您談到二戰(zhàn)期間美國(guó)“飛虎隊(duì)”的飛行員飛越喜馬拉雅山脈，向中國(guó)提供援助的情況，我和很多美國(guó)人都很贊賞。確實(shí)如您所說(shuō)，多年前美國(guó)“飛虎隊(duì)”成員以及中國(guó)人民所作的犧牲，“見(jiàn)證了中美人民合作的歷史”。我贊賞您為應(yīng)對(duì)艾滋病危機(jī)所作的努力。我尤其贊賞您努力在中國(guó)消除人們因艾滋病產(chǎn)生的羞恥感，并幫助急需醫(yī)療護(hù)理的人。在此問(wèn)題上和在其他很多問(wèn)題上，您都坦誠(chéng)相見(jiàn)，建設(shè)性地尋求合作關(guān)系。這正是我們尋求與中國(guó)建立的關(guān)系：一種坦誠(chéng)的、建設(shè)性的合作關(guān)系。我們需要這樣的關(guān)系，因?yàn)槲覀儗?duì)子孫后代負(fù)有深化和擴(kuò)大和平的責(zé)任。我贊賞您為努力實(shí)現(xiàn)朝鮮無(wú)核化，幫助重建伊拉克和促使貴國(guó)的鄰國(guó)阿富汗實(shí)現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定所作出的貢獻(xiàn)。我贊賞您為打擊恐怖主義這一禍患提供的幫助與合作。我們還對(duì)子孫后代負(fù)有一項(xiàng)責(zé)任，即運(yùn)用我們創(chuàng)造的財(cái)富為人民提供教育，給他們以改善自己的生活及其子女生活的機(jī)會(huì)。如您在接受采訪時(shí)所說(shuō)，我們必須充分發(fā)揮我們?nèi)嗣竦膭?chuàng)造力和創(chuàng)業(yè)精神。我們都知道，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)，只有通過(guò)人民的努力才能達(dá)到我們的共同目標(biāo)，在國(guó)內(nèi)外實(shí)現(xiàn)繁榮與和平。為了幫助我們的人民，我們還必須作出共同努力，保證市場(chǎng)始終開(kāi)放，切實(shí)做到雙方日益擴(kuò)大的經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易關(guān)系保持透明和公平。為此，我向總理，向我們的中國(guó)客人提議，為美中兩國(guó)關(guān)系的繼續(xù)推進(jìn)干杯。為我們兩國(guó)和我們鄰國(guó)的光明未來(lái)，為我們面臨的建立安全、繁榮與和平的世界的重任干杯。干杯。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析8、PakistanPlanstoBuyRussianorChineseJetsInsteadofUSJetsPakistanhasthreatenedtobuyadvancedRussianorChinesecombatjetsafterWashingtonwithdrewfinancingforaUSarmspurchaseamidaweakeningofitsstrategicrelationshipwithIslamabad."Iffundingisarranged,PakistanwillgettheF16,"saidSartajAziz,foreignaffairsadvisertoNawazSharif,thePakistaniprimeminister."Otherwise,wewilloptforjetsfromsomeotherplace."ThePakistanAirForceislookingatotheroptionsincludingtheRussianSU35,theChineseJ10andtheChineseJ20stealthfighter,accordingtoaseniorforeignministryofficial.TheUSandPakistanhavelonghadclosetiesandjointlysupportedtheTalibanrebelswhodroveSovietinvadersoutofAfghanistanin1989.Butthe9/11terrorattacks,mastermindedbyal-QaedafromAfghansoil,usheredinamorecomplexperiodinwhichUSforceshelpedoverthrowtheTalibanregime.TheUScontinuestofightthegroup’smilitantswhilePakistangivesthemhaven.WashingtonisalsoupsetbyPakistan’ssupportforotherIslamistorganisations,whilePresidentBarackObamahassaidIslamabadismoving"inthewrongdirection"byadoptingbattlefieldatomicweaponsthatincreasetheriskofanuclearconflictwithIndia.AlthoughtheUShasnotcancelledthesaleoftheeightadditionalF16sfor$700million,ithaswithdrawntheofferofUScreditforthecontractbecausemembersofCongressfrombothmainpartiesaredemandingwhatonecalled"behaviouralchanges"fromPakistansothatitstopssupportingterrorism."FirsttheAmericansgaveusF16sinthe1980swhenPakistanwasacloseallyandsuspendedtheirsalein1990onlytoresumethesaleafterthe9/11attacks,"saysoneformerPakistanAirForcegeneral."Evenifthisimmediatematterisresolved,nooneinIslamabadwilltrusttheAmericans.IfearthefeelinginPakistan’spolicycirclesisincreasinglytogototheRussiansandtheChineseforotherplanesthatcomewithamorereliablesupplyassurance."標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：巴基斯坦擬購(gòu)中俄戰(zhàn)機(jī)，而非美國(guó)戰(zhàn)機(jī)美國(guó)與伊斯蘭堡的戰(zhàn)略關(guān)系有所弱化，在此情況下，美國(guó)政府撤銷了對(duì)購(gòu)買美國(guó)武器的資金支持。隨后，巴基斯坦揚(yáng)言要購(gòu)買俄羅斯或中國(guó)的先進(jìn)戰(zhàn)機(jī)。巴基斯坦總理納瓦茲-謝里夫的外事顧問(wèn)薩爾塔杰-阿齊茲說(shuō)，“若安排資金支持，巴基斯坦將購(gòu)買F-16戰(zhàn)機(jī)。否則，我們會(huì)選擇其他國(guó)家的噴氣式飛機(jī)?！睋?jù)巴基斯坦外交部一位高級(jí)官員透露，該國(guó)空軍正在尋找其他替代選項(xiàng)，包括俄羅斯的蘇-35，中國(guó)的殲-10，以及中國(guó)的隱形戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)殲-20。很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間以來(lái)，美國(guó)和巴基斯坦關(guān)系密切，曾聯(lián)手支持阿富汗的塔利班叛軍，后者于1989年把蘇聯(lián)入侵者驅(qū)趕出阿富汗。但是，由基地組織在阿富汗境內(nèi)策劃的9／11恐怖襲擊將美巴關(guān)系引入了一個(gè)更為復(fù)雜的時(shí)期，其間美軍幫助推翻了塔利班政權(quán)。如今，美軍仍在同塔利班武裝分子作戰(zhàn)，而巴基斯坦則為他們提供避風(fēng)港。巴基斯坦對(duì)其它伊斯蘭組織的支持，也令美國(guó)政府十分不滿。美國(guó)總統(tǒng)巴拉克-奧巴馬表示，伊斯蘭堡方面“正朝著錯(cuò)誤的方向走去”，因?yàn)樗麄儾捎昧藨?zhàn)場(chǎng)核武器，這會(huì)增加與印度發(fā)生核沖突的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。雖然美方尚未取消以7億美元價(jià)格再買給巴基斯坦八架F16戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)的合同，但美方已中止為該合同提供信貸，因?yàn)閲?guó)會(huì)兩黨議員要求巴基斯坦“改變其行為”，不再支持恐怖主義。一位已經(jīng)退役的巴基斯坦空軍將軍說(shuō)，“最初，巴基斯坦是美國(guó)的密切盟友，美國(guó)人在80年代為我們提供F-16戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)；隨后美方在1990年暫停出售戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)給我們；但在9／11恐怖襲擊后又恢復(fù)出售。即使當(dāng)前的問(wèn)題得以解決，在伊斯蘭堡也沒(méi)有人會(huì)信賴美國(guó)佬。我擔(dān)心，巴基斯坦決策層要向俄國(guó)人和中國(guó)人購(gòu)買其他飛機(jī)，決策層的這種情緒越來(lái)越強(qiáng)烈，因?yàn)槎矸胶椭蟹降墓┴浻懈煽康谋ＷC?！敝R(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析二、漢譯英(本題共8題，每題1.0分，共8分。)9、我們積極推進(jìn)同各大國(guó)關(guān)系，加強(qiáng)與周邊鄰國(guó)的互利合作關(guān)系，順利建成中國(guó)一東盟自貿(mào)區(qū)，推動(dòng)上海合作組織等區(qū)域合作機(jī)制發(fā)展。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Weactively/vigorouslydevelopedourrelationswithothermajorcountries,enhancedmutuallybeneficialcooperationwithourneighbors(theneighboringcountries),successfullyestablishedtheChina-ASEANFreeTradeArea,andpromoted/propelled/spurredthedevelopmentoftheShanghaiCooperationOrganizationandothermechanismsforpromotingregionalcooperation(andotherregionalcollaborationmechanisms).知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析10、中國(guó)不會(huì)在國(guó)家主權(quán)、領(lǐng)土完整問(wèn)題上作任何妥協(xié)，也不會(huì)謀求世界霸權(quán)。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Chinawillnevercompromise(yieldaninch)onissuesofnational/statesovereigntyandterritorialintegrity;norwillitseekglobalhegemony.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析11、兩國(guó)關(guān)系愈發(fā)緊張，戰(zhàn)事一觸即發(fā)，越來(lái)越多的邊境居民背井離鄉(xiāng)，遷往他國(guó)。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Tensionisbuildingup/mountingbetweenthetwocountriesandwarmaybreakoutatanymoment(warisimminent/loomslarge/itisatouch-and-gowhetherwarwillbreakout).Moreborderinhabitants/residentsareleavingforforeigncountries/lands.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析12、俄羅斯、烏克蘭兩國(guó)由于在今年天然氣價(jià)格問(wèn)題上未能達(dá)成一致，俄羅斯于一月初切斷了向?yàn)蹩颂m的天然氣供應(yīng)。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Russiacutoff/stoppedgassupplies/thegassupplytoUkraineinearlyJanuaryafterthetwocountriesfailedtoenterinto/arriveat/reachanagreementongaspricesforthisyear.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析13、外交部發(fā)言人表示，中國(guó)不接受菲律賓方面就兩國(guó)領(lǐng)土爭(zhēng)端提起仲裁的結(jié)果。中國(guó)一向堅(jiān)持同直接有關(guān)的當(dāng)事國(guó)通過(guò)談判協(xié)商解決有關(guān)爭(zhēng)議。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：AForeignMinistryspokespersonsaysChinawillrefusetorecognizetheconclusionofthearbitrationrequestedbythePhilippinesoverthetwocountries’disputes.Chinainsiststhatdisputesshouldberesolvedthroughnegotiationandconsultationwiththecountriesdirectlyinvolved.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析14、外交部宣布，根據(jù)既定計(jì)劃，中國(guó)在南沙群島部分島礁已于近日完成陸域吹填工程，下階段將開(kāi)展設(shè)施建設(shè)。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：TheMinistryofForeignAffairs/TheForeignMinistryhasannouncedthatlandreclamationonsomeislandsandreefsoftheNanshaIslandsintheSouthChinaSeahasbeencompletedasplanned,andworkwillnowstartonthebuildingoffacilitiesfortheislands.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析15、國(guó)際新秩序冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來(lái)，世界形勢(shì)總體來(lái)說(shuō)趨向緩和。各國(guó)人民要和平、求穩(wěn)定、謀發(fā)展的呼聲日益高漲?？茖W(xué)技術(shù)日新月異的發(fā)展，為人類開(kāi)發(fā)和利用自然提供了空前巨大的能力，也為人類自身能力的發(fā)展開(kāi)辟了廣闊的前景。但天下仍很不太平，世界的和平與發(fā)展依然受到這樣或那樣的威脅。強(qiáng)權(quán)政治和霸權(quán)主義在國(guó)際政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和安全領(lǐng)域中依然存在并有新的發(fā)展，地區(qū)沖突此起彼伏，南北發(fā)展差距繼續(xù)拉大，環(huán)境惡化、武器擴(kuò)散、國(guó)際犯罪、恐怖主義等跨國(guó)問(wèn)題困擾著人類。如果我們不能抓緊解決這一系列重大問(wèn)題，世界就難以發(fā)展。何去何從，解決這些問(wèn)題的主動(dòng)權(quán)掌握在世界人民手中。推動(dòng)建立公正合理的國(guó)際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序，是各國(guó)人民和有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)的政治家必須認(rèn)真而審慎思考的極其重大的課題。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：NewInternationalOrderSincetheendoftheColdWar,theworldsituationhas,generallyspeaking,movedtowardsrelaxation.Therehasbeenanincreasinglyloudercallforpeace,stabilityanddevelopmentfrompeopleoftheworld.Scienceandtechnology,whichadvancebyleadsandbounds,havenotonlyprovidedanunprecedentedcapacityformankindtoexploreandharnessnature,butalsoopenedupbroadprospectsforthedevelopmentofman’sownability.Buttheworldisfarfromtranquil,andworldpeaceanddevelopmentarestillunderthreatinonewayoranother.Powerpoliticsandhegemonystillexistininternationalpolitics,economyandsecurityandhavefurtheraggravated.Regionalconflictshaverisenandfallen.ThegapindevelopmentbetweenNorthandSouthcontinuestowiden.Humankindisbothered/troubledbytrans-nationalproblemslikeenvironmentaldegradation,armsproliferation,internationalcrimesandterrorism.Ifwecannotseizethetimetoaddresstheseriesofmajorproblems,theworldcanhardlydevelop.Withregardtowhatcoursetofollowandhowtoresolvethoseproblems,theinitiativeisinthehandsofthepeopleoftheworld.Tocontributetotheestablishmentofajustandrationalnewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorderisataskofvitalimportancethatpeopleofvariouscountriesandlongsightedstatesmenhavetoseriouslyandcarefullythink/consider.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析16、反恐恐怖主義是國(guó)際社會(huì)的一大公害，嚴(yán)重威脅著世界的和平與穩(wěn)定。中國(guó)一貫反對(duì)一切形式的恐怖主義。無(wú)論恐怖主義發(fā)生在何時(shí)、何地、針對(duì)何人，以何種方式出現(xiàn)，國(guó)際社會(huì)都應(yīng)采取一致立場(chǎng)，堅(jiān)決予以譴責(zé)和打擊。中國(guó)積極參與國(guó)際反恐合作。中國(guó)已參加了絕大多數(shù)國(guó)際反對(duì)恐怖主義公約，還批準(zhǔn)了上海合作組織成員國(guó)締結(jié)的《打擊恐怖主義、分裂主義和極端主義上海公約》。中國(guó)主張，聯(lián)合國(guó)和安理會(huì)應(yīng)在國(guó)際反恐問(wèn)題上發(fā)揮主導(dǎo)作用。中國(guó)支持聯(lián)合國(guó)和安理會(huì)通過(guò)有關(guān)決議，支持各國(guó)加強(qiáng)國(guó)際合作與協(xié)調(diào)。中國(guó)堅(jiān)持，針對(duì)恐怖主義的軍事行動(dòng)應(yīng)目標(biāo)明確，要避免傷及無(wú)辜，不能搞雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。一切行動(dòng)應(yīng)符合《聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章》的宗旨和原則及其他公認(rèn)的國(guó)際法準(zhǔn)則，有利于維護(hù)地區(qū)及世界和平的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)利益。中國(guó)認(rèn)為，恐怖主義屬于極少數(shù)極端邪惡勢(shì)力，絕不代表任何民族或宗教，所以不能將恐怖主義與特定的民族或宗教混為一談。中國(guó)也面臨恐怖主義的危害?！皷|突”恐怖勢(shì)力受到國(guó)際恐怖組織的訓(xùn)練、武裝和資助。反對(duì)“東突”是國(guó)際反恐怖主義斗爭(zhēng)的重要方面。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：FightAgainstTerrorismTerrorismisacommonscourge/cursetotheinternational/globalcommunityandaseriousmenace/threattoglobalpeaceandstability.Chinaopposes/hasalwaysbeenopposedtoallformsofterrorism/terrorisminallitsmanifestations.Nomatterwhen,whereorinwhatformterrorismstrikes,andnomatteragainstwhomitisdirected,itshouldbemetwithcondemnationandcounterstrikesbytheinternationalcommunitytakingaunifiedpositionthereon(Regardlessofthetime,placeorformofanattack,andirrespectiveofitstarget,theinternationalcommunityshouldbeunifiedindenouncingandcounterattackingtheterrorists).Chinahastakenanactivepartininternationalcooperationagainstterrorism.Inadditiontojoiningmostinternationalconventionsagainstterrorism,Chinahasratified(isasignatoryto)theShanghaiConventiononCombatingTerrorism,SeparatismandExtremismconcludedbythememberstatesoftheShanghaiCooperationOrganization.Chinastandsforaprimaryrole/theleadingrolebytheUnitedNationsanditsSecurityCouncilintheinternationaleffortsagainstterrorism.Chinasupportstherelevantresolutionstheyhaveadoptedandclosercooperationandco-ordinationamongthevariouscountriestothisend.Chinastronglybelieves/maintains/holdsthatmilitaryactionsagainstterrorismshouldhaveclearlydefinedtargetsandavoidanyharmdonetotheinnocent,andshouldrefrainfromadoublestandard/dualcriteria.Allsuchactionsshouldbeconsistentwith(mustconformto)thepurposesandprinciplesoftheUNCharterandotheruniversallyrecognizednormsofinternationallaw,andshouldservethelong-terminterestsofpeaceintheregionandtheworldatlarge.Chinabelievesthatterrorismisatinyfringeofextremeevil,representingneitheranyethnicgroupnoranyreligion(Chinaviewsterroristsasasmallevilelementdivorcedfromanyreligiousorethnicgroup.).Therefore,theymustnotbelumpedtogether.Chinaisalsothreatenedbyterrorism.The"EasternTurkestan"terroristforcesaretrained,equippedandfinancedbyinternationalterroristorganizations.Thefightagainstthe"EasternTurkestan"groupisanimportantaspectoftheinternationalfightagainstterrorism.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析筆譯三級(jí)實(shí)務(wù)（綜合）模擬試卷第2套一、英譯漢(本題共8題，每題1.0分，共8分。)1、AgricultureisamajorindustryintheUnitedStates,whichisanetexporteroffood.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：農(nóng)業(yè)是美國(guó)的重要產(chǎn)業(yè)，因?yàn)槊绹?guó)是一個(gè)糧食凈出口國(guó)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析2、Someareaswheretherearelargerivervalleysormorelevelplainsinthedrymountainousaredevotedtospecializedfarming.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：在干燥的山區(qū)，有些地方有巨大的河谷或較為平坦的平原，這些地方用于專業(yè)化的種植業(yè)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析3、Continentalwindsblowfromthenorthwestthroughoutwinterandspring,creatingcolddryweathersuitableforwheat;insummer,themonsoonfromthesoutheastdriveswarmmoisture-ladenairintothecontinent.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：整個(gè)冬春兩季，大陸風(fēng)從西北吹來(lái)，形成了適于小麥生長(zhǎng)的干寒氣候；而在夏季，從東南吹來(lái)的季風(fēng)把飽含水分的空氣帶上了大陸。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析4、Amajorconcernofagriculturetodayisdevelopingenoughnewfarmlandnotonlytokeepupwiththepopulationgrowth,buttoreplaceprimefarmlanddestroyedbythegrowthofurbanareas.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：如今農(nóng)業(yè)方面要關(guān)注的一個(gè)主要問(wèn)題就是開(kāi)發(fā)足夠的新農(nóng)田，這不僅是為了保持與人口增長(zhǎng)的平衡，同時(shí)也是為了補(bǔ)償由于城市地區(qū)的擴(kuò)展而損失了的原有良田。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析5、Seventyyearsagoafamousprofessorwrotethatacitycouldbedestroyedandrebuilt,butfarmlandoncelostwaslostforgood.Californiafiguresthatforeverytenpeopleincreaseinpopulation,anacreofgoodarablelandislostfromagriculture.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：70年前一位著名的教授寫道，一個(gè)城市毀棄后可以重建，但農(nóng)田一旦失去就永遠(yuǎn)失去了。據(jù)加利福尼亞州估算，人口每增加十人，農(nóng)業(yè)就要失去一英畝良好的可耕地。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析6、Anotherservicethathelpspreventsurplusoffarmproductsduringpeakseasonsisconsumermarketinginformation.Thiskeepsconsumersinformedofcurrentfoodsupplyandpricesituations,whatischeapateachseason,howtopreparetasty,nutritiousdisheswithit,andhowtopreserveit.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：為防止在旺季農(nóng)產(chǎn)品過(guò)剩，另一種服務(wù)就是提供消費(fèi)市場(chǎng)的信息。這使消費(fèi)者能及時(shí)了解當(dāng)前食品供應(yīng)情況和價(jià)格形勢(shì)，在不同季節(jié)什么東西便宜，怎樣用便宜食品制作味道好、營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富的食品，以及怎樣儲(chǔ)存食品。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析7、ModifiedAgriculturalPracticesSinceagricultureaccountsfornearly70percentoftheworld’sfreshwaterwithdrawnfromrivers,lakes,andundergroundaquifersforhumanuse,thegreatestpotentialforconservationlieswithincreasingirrigationefficiency.Byreducingirrigationby10percent,wecoulddoubletheamountavailablefordomesticwaterworldwide.Thiscanbedonebyconvertingtowater-conservingirrigationsystems;takingthepoorestandsteepestlandsoutofproduction;switchingtoless-thirstycrops(whichmayrequirechangestogovernmentsubsidiesforcertaincrops);implementingproperagriculturallanddrainageandsoilmanagementpractices,andreducingfertilizerandpesticideuse.Typically,governmentsprovidewatertolargecommercialfarmersatgreatlysubsidizedrates,decreasingtheneedforconservationandpromotingwastefulpractices.Thishasledtowidespreaduseofwastefulirrigationsystems.Studiesshowthatjust35-50percentofwaterwithdrawnforirrigatedagricultureactuallyreachesthecrops.Mostsoaksintothegroundthroughunlinedcanals,leaksoutofpipes,orevaporatesbeforereachingfields.Althoughsomeofthewaterlostininefficientirrigationsystemsreturnstostreamsoraquiferswhereitcanbetappedagain,waterqualityisinvariablydegradedbypesticides,fertilizersandsalts.Thisisinfactanotherwaythatcommercialagriculture"uses"water:bypollutingitsothatitisnolongersafetodrink.Inareaswherecommercialagricultureisprevalent,runofffromfarmshaspoisonedwatersupplywithdangerouslevelsoftoxics.Poorlyplannedandpoorlybuiltirrigationsystemsnotonlyharmwaterquality,butcanalsoirreparablyharmthecrop-growingcapabilityofthelandthroughsalinization.Especiallyinaridareas,saltsthatoccurnaturallyaccumulateinirrigatedsoils.Poorlydrainedirrigationwatercanpollutewatersupply,andraisethegroundwatertableuntilitreachestherootzone,waterlogginganddrowningcrops.Globally,some80millionhectaresoffarmlandhavebeendegradedbyacombinationofsalinizationandwaterlogging.Switchingtoconservingirrigationsystemshasthebiggestpotentialtosavewaterusedforagriculture(expertssaydripirrigationcouldpotentiallysave40-60percentofwaternowusedforagriculture).Themostcommonwater-conservingirrigationsystemsaresomeformofdripirrigation(alsocalledmicro-irrigation).Conventionalsprinklersspraywaterovercrops,notonlyirrigatingmorelandthanisneededtogrowthecropbutalsolosingmuchtoevaporation.Dripirrigation,however,supplieswaterdirectlytothecrop’srootsysteminsmalldoses,whereitcanbeusedbytheplant’sroots.Waterisdeliveredthroughemittersthatdripwaterateachplant,orperforatedpiping,installedonthesurfaceorbelowground.Thiskeepsevaporationlosseslow,atanefficiencyrateof95percent.Althoughby1991some1.6millionhectareswereusingdripirrigationworldwide,thisisstilllessthanonepercentofallirrigatedlandworldwide.Somecountrieshavemadedripirrigationaseriousnationalpriority,suchasIsrael,whichusesdripirrigationon50percentofitstotalirrigatedarea.Butclearlyitistheexception,andmostdrycountrieshavealongwaytogo.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：改良的農(nóng)業(yè)耕作從全世界河流、湖泊和地下蓄水層汲取的供人類使用的淡水中，有近70％是用于農(nóng)業(yè)，因此節(jié)水的最大潛力在于提高農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉效率。減少10％的灌溉用水，我們就能夠使世界各地的家庭用水量增加一倍(翻一番)。我們可以改用節(jié)水的灌溉系統(tǒng)，停止耕種(停止使用)最貧瘠、最陡峭的土地，再種植耗水量較低的植物(這可能會(huì)要求改變政府對(duì)某些農(nóng)作物的津貼額)；采取適當(dāng)?shù)霓r(nóng)業(yè)土地排水及土壤管理辦法；減少化肥和殺蟲(chóng)劑的使用。通常，政府以很高的津貼優(yōu)惠向大戶的商業(yè)性農(nóng)民供水，這就削弱了節(jié)水的必要性，鼓勵(lì)了浪費(fèi)行為。這種做法已導(dǎo)致農(nóng)民廣泛使用浪費(fèi)水資源的灌溉設(shè)備。研究表明，農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉用水中只有35％~50％真正用在農(nóng)作物上。大部分的水通過(guò)沒(méi)有鋪襯里的灌溉渠道浸入土壤，或從水管泄漏出來(lái)，或在到達(dá)農(nóng)田之前就蒸發(fā)掉了。盡管從低效的灌溉系統(tǒng)中損失的部分水，會(huì)重新返回可再次利用的(可再次抽取的)河流或地下蓄水層中，但其水質(zhì)因殺蟲(chóng)劑、化肥和鹽分的滲入?yún)s不可避免地下降了。這實(shí)際上就是商業(yè)性農(nóng)業(yè)“使用”水的另一種方式：對(duì)水造成污染，使水無(wú)法再安全飲用。在商業(yè)性農(nóng)業(yè)盛行的地區(qū)，從農(nóng)田中流出的水已經(jīng)污染生活供水，使得水中的有毒物質(zhì)達(dá)到危險(xiǎn)的程度。計(jì)劃不周或建造不好的灌溉系統(tǒng)不僅會(huì)破壞水質(zhì)，還會(huì)由于土壤堿化而損害土壤的作物生長(zhǎng)能力，這是不可復(fù)原的。尤其是在干旱地區(qū)，天然生成的鹽會(huì)在灌溉過(guò)的土壤中越積越多。排放不暢的灌溉用水會(huì)污染供水，提高地下水位，直到地下水位達(dá)到作物的根區(qū)，浸透土壤，淹死農(nóng)作物。全球約有8000萬(wàn)公頃農(nóng)田因土壤堿化和浸透而退化。轉(zhuǎn)而使用節(jié)水的灌溉系統(tǒng)可以最大限度地節(jié)省農(nóng)業(yè)用水(專家聲稱，水滴灌溉有可能節(jié)省40％～60％現(xiàn)在所用的農(nóng)業(yè)用水)。最常使用的節(jié)水灌溉系統(tǒng)是某種水滴灌溉系統(tǒng)(也稱作“微灌溉”)。傳統(tǒng)的灑水裝置在農(nóng)作物上方噴水，不僅灌溉了農(nóng)作物生長(zhǎng)所需的土地范圍以外的土地(不僅使得到灌溉的土地超出了農(nóng)作物生長(zhǎng)所需的土地范圍)，而且使得大量水分蒸發(fā)(而且由于水分蒸發(fā)而損失了更多的水)。然而，滴灌是直接向植物的根系提供少量的水(一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地提供水分)，植物的根部能夠吸收到這些水。水通過(guò)滴灌裝置傳遞到每株植物，或通過(guò)安裝在地表或地下的穿洞管道進(jìn)行傳遞。這將水分蒸發(fā)的損失控制在較低量，從而用水效率提高到95％。盡管到1991年之前，世界各地已有約160萬(wàn)公頃農(nóng)田采用水滴灌溉，但這仍不到全世界灌溉土地面積的1％。一些國(guó)家已正式將水滴灌溉列為全國(guó)重點(diǎn)推廣事項(xiàng)(全國(guó)優(yōu)先考慮的事項(xiàng))，例如以色列總灌溉面積的50％都采用水滴灌溉。但是很明顯，這只是個(gè)特例，大多數(shù)干旱的國(guó)家還有很長(zhǎng)的一段路要走。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析8、BiotechCropsBiotechcropsbringhigheryieldswithsolidenvironmentalbenefits:lessuseofenergy,bettersoilconservation,lessfertilizeremployedandthereforelesspollutingrunoffintogroundwater.Butthevoicesopposedarealsoloud.Prof.BruceChassy,anAmericanexpertinthefield,wasrecentlyinBeijingforaninternationalconference;ourjournalisttooktheopportunitytointerviewhimonthesubject.Q:Thepeoplewhodenouncebiotechnologicalcropssaytheyareworriedaboutthepossibilityofthealiengenesingeneticallymodifiedcropsspreadingtootherspecies.Forexample,supposeherbicide-tolerantcottontransmitsitsgenestoweeds—thentheweedscouldbecome"superweeds".Doyouthinkthisconcernisjustified?A:BeforeanewbiotechcropcanbegrownintheUSA,itmustbeapprovedbytheUSDepartmentofAgricultureandtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Theyrequiredeveloperstoprovideevidencethattherewillbenounexpectedordamagingenvironmentalconsequencesifthecropisplanted.Thequestionsrequireanexaminationofthepotentialforgeneflowandanyconsequencesthatwouldensue,includingissuessuchassuperweedsandtheimpactonavarietyofnon-targetspeciessuchasbirds,butterflies,earthwormsandfrogs.Resistancetotheherbicidesusedinconventionalagriculturedoesoccurfromtimetotime,andthereisnoreasontobelievethatbiotechcropswillproduceanydifferentkindofherbicide-resistantweedsthanwealreadyseeinagriculture.Infact,aftersixyearsofplantingherbicide-resistantcropsintheUS,wehavenotseentheemergenceofherbicide-resistantweeds.Q:IntheUSwhatpercentageofpeoplesupportbiotechcrops?Anddothosewhosupportbiotechcropsalsoeatbiotechcrops?Whatpercentageoffoodonthemarkethasgeneticallymodifiedingredients?A:USconsumershavebeensubjectedtoaveryeffectiveanti-biotechnologypropagandacampaignforthelastfewyears,butaccordingtopollsover70%supportbiotechnology.Forexample,inarecentreferenduminOregon,votersrejectedaproposaltorequirespeciallabelsonallproductscontainingbiotechingredientsbyanoverwhelming73%to27%.That’sprobablybecauseconsumersknowthatwehaveaneffectiveregulatorysystem.Manymayalsoknowthat70%-80%oftheprocessedfoodproductsonsupermarketshelvescontainoneormoreingredientsderivedfrombiotechcrops.AllAmericanseatbiotechcropsunlesstheydeliberatelyseekoutproductsthatarelabeledotherwise.Evidencesuggeststhatthisislessthan5%ofconsumers.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物采用生物技術(shù)的轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物不僅產(chǎn)量高，對(duì)環(huán)境也有很大益處，如能量消耗少、對(duì)土壤保護(hù)有利、化肥用得少，因而匯入地下水的污流也隨之減少。但是反對(duì)生物技術(shù)的呼聲也很高。最近，轉(zhuǎn)基因領(lǐng)域的美國(guó)專家布魯斯?沙西教授來(lái)到北京參加國(guó)際會(huì)議，本報(bào)記者就此問(wèn)題采訪了他。問(wèn)：指責(zé)生物技術(shù)的人們說(shuō)，他們擔(dān)心轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物中的外來(lái)基因會(huì)擴(kuò)散到其他物種中。比如，倘若抗除草劑的棉花把“抗除草劑基因”傳給了雜草，那就會(huì)出現(xiàn)超級(jí)雜草。您覺(jué)得這種擔(dān)心有道理嗎?答：在美國(guó)，一種新的采用轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的農(nóng)作物在種植前，必須經(jīng)過(guò)美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部與環(huán)保局的批準(zhǔn)。他們要求研制者提供證明，證明該農(nóng)作物種植后不會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生預(yù)料不到的或是有害的后果。這些問(wèn)題要求對(duì)基因轉(zhuǎn)移以及任何由此產(chǎn)生的后果的可能性，包括超級(jí)雜草、對(duì)于非目標(biāo)性物種如鳥(niǎo)類、蝴蝶、蚯蚓、青蛙等各物種的影響進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)。對(duì)傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)使用的除草劑產(chǎn)生抵抗力在自然界時(shí)有發(fā)生，因此沒(méi)有理由認(rèn)為采用生物技術(shù)的農(nóng)作物會(huì)產(chǎn)生出與我們?cè)谵r(nóng)業(yè)中已經(jīng)見(jiàn)到的那些抗除草劑雜草所不同的雜草。實(shí)際上，美國(guó)種植了六年的抗除草劑作物，我們并沒(méi)有看到抗除草劑雜草的出現(xiàn)。問(wèn)：美國(guó)人當(dāng)中有多大比例支持利用生物技術(shù)種植作物?支持生物技術(shù)的人也吃這種農(nóng)產(chǎn)品嗎?市場(chǎng)上的食品有多大比例含有轉(zhuǎn)基因成分?答：過(guò)去幾年中，美國(guó)消費(fèi)者遭遇到很有聲勢(shì)的反生物技術(shù)的宣傳運(yùn)動(dòng)，但根據(jù)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查，有超過(guò)70％的人支持生物技術(shù)。比如，在最近俄勒岡州的一次全民公決中，選民們以73％對(duì)27％的壓倒多數(shù)否決了在含轉(zhuǎn)基因成分的食品上貼特殊標(biāo)簽的提議。這可能是因?yàn)橄M(fèi)者知道我們擁有有效的法規(guī)體系，很多人也可能知道超市貨架上70％至80％的加工食品都含有一種或多種源于轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的成分。幾乎所有的美國(guó)人都吃轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，除了那些刻意尋找標(biāo)明沒(méi)有轉(zhuǎn)基因成分的人。有證據(jù)表明，這樣的人不到全體消費(fèi)者的5％。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析二、漢譯英(本題共8題，每題1.0分，共8分。)9、中國(guó)只有世界耕地的7％，卻要養(yǎng)活世界22％的人口。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Chinahasonly7%oftheworld’s(total)cultivatedland(farmland),andyethastofeed/support22%oftheworld’s/theworldpopulation.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析10、將來(lái)農(nóng)民可使用農(nóng)業(yè)無(wú)人機(jī)收集的信息，以便將化肥僅施在確實(shí)需要化肥的地方，這就能省錢并減少污染。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Inthefuturefarmerscanuseinformationgatheredbyagriculturaldronestouse/applyfertilizeronlyinareaswhereitisneeded.Thissavesmoneyandreducespollution.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析11、非洲的大多數(shù)農(nóng)民都使用多年來(lái)一直使用的同樣種子，這和發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的農(nóng)民不同，這種種子沒(méi)有得到改良，無(wú)法抵抗疾病和耐旱災(zāi)。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Unlikefarmersinadvancedcountries,mostfarmersinAfricausethesameseedstheyhavebeenplantingformanyyears,whichhavenotbeenimprovedtobedisease-resistantanddrought-resistant(toresistdiseaseortoleratedrought).知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析12、我們興修水利，開(kāi)展農(nóng)村土地整治，建設(shè)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田，耕地面積保持在18．2億畝以上。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Webuiltmorewaterconservancyprojects,improvedruralland,developedhigh-gradefarmland,andkept/maintainedatotalareaoffarmlandofover121.3millionhectaresinthecountry.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析13、我們要毫不放松糧食生產(chǎn)，建設(shè)高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田，推廣先進(jìn)技術(shù)，增強(qiáng)農(nóng)業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)能力，保障糧食和重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的有效供給。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Weshouldalwaysgivehighprioritytograinproduction,develophigh-yieldfarmland,spread/popularizeadvancedtechnologies,increase/expandoverallagriculturalproductioncapacity,andeffectivelyensurethesupplyofgrainandotherimportantagriculturalproducts.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析14、初步解決了進(jìn)城務(wù)工人員隨遷子女在城市接受義務(wù)教育問(wèn)題，現(xiàn)有1260萬(wàn)農(nóng)村戶籍孩子在城市接受義務(wù)教育。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Theproblemofprovidingcompulsoryeducationfor/tochildrenofruralmigrantsworkingincitieswasbasicallysolved,and12.6millionchildrenwithruralresidencestatusarenowreceivingcompulsoryeducationincities.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析15、糧食生產(chǎn)中國(guó)政府通過(guò)增加國(guó)內(nèi)糧食生產(chǎn)，保持糧食供需平衡的決心是堅(jiān)定的，有信心領(lǐng)導(dǎo)全國(guó)人民實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)。同時(shí)，中國(guó)政府也清醒地認(rèn)識(shí)到實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)的艱巨性：第一，中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)資源人均占有量在世界上屬于低水平，耕地和水資源不足是農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的最大制約因素。在這樣的資源條件下，要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造出遠(yuǎn)高于世界平均水平的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)率，必須花大力氣。第二，中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施薄弱，生產(chǎn)手段落后，抗災(zāi)能力差，需要堅(jiān)持不懈地改善生產(chǎn)條件，提高抗災(zāi)能力。第三，中國(guó)農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)規(guī)模小，經(jīng)營(yíng)分散，在向社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制轉(zhuǎn)變的過(guò)程中，容易造成糧食生產(chǎn)的波動(dòng)，需要進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)對(duì)糧食生產(chǎn)的調(diào)控。第四，中國(guó)正處在工業(yè)化迅速發(fā)展的階段，在資源分配上還存在不利于糧食生產(chǎn)的傾向，需要繼續(xù)對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)特別是糧食生產(chǎn)采取有效的支持措施?？傊袊?guó)政府將正視困難，在經(jīng)濟(jì)布局和工作指導(dǎo)上，繼續(xù)嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行保護(hù)耕地和生態(tài)環(huán)境的基本國(guó)策，實(shí)施科教興農(nóng)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展兩大戰(zhàn)略，推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制和農(nóng)業(yè)增長(zhǎng)方式的根本性轉(zhuǎn)變，以促進(jìn)糧食綜合生產(chǎn)能力的穩(wěn)步提高。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：GrainProductionTheChinesegovernmenthasdeterminedtoevenupthegrainsupplytomeetthedemandthroughincreasinggrainproduction,andisconfidentofitsabilitytoleadthepeoplethroughoutthecountrytoachievethisgoal.Butatthesametimeitalsoknowsclearlythatthisisnotaneasytask.First,theaverageamountofagriculturalresourcespercapitainChinaislowcomparedwithmanyothercountries.Chinalackscultivatedlandandwaterresources,andthisisthedominantfactorrestrictingitsagriculturaldevelopment.IntheseconditionsChinamustmakegreateffortstoadvanceitsagriculturalproductivityandmakeitfarhigherthantheaverageworldlevel.Second,China’sagriculturalinfrastructureisweak,meansofproductionlagbehindanditdoesnothavesufficientabilitytofightnaturalcalamities.Soasustainedeffortshouldbemadeintheserespects.Third,grainproductionwillfluctuateinthecourseofthetransform