2017年考研英語二真題

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2017年全國碩士研究生招生考試

英語（二）

（科目代碼：204）

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1

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark

A,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(lOpoints)

Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.Todayisno

different,withacademics,writers,andactivistsonceagain]thattechnology

isreplacinghumanworkers.Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbe

definedby2:Afewwealthypeoplewillownallthecapital,andthemasses

willstruggleinanimpoverishedwasteland.

Adifferentandnotmutuallyexclusive3holdsthatthefuturewillbea

wastelandofadifferentsort,one4bypurposelessness:Withoutjobstogive

theirlives5,peoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed.6,today's

unemployeddon'tseemtobehavingagreattime.OneGalluppollfoundthat20

percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployedforatleastayearreporthaving

depression,doubletheratefor7Americans.Also,someresearchsuggests

thatthe8forrisingratesofmortality,mental-healthproblems,andaddiction

9poorly-educated,middle-agedpeopleisashortageofwell-paidjobs.Perhaps

thisiswhymany10theagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.

Butitdoesn't11followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithout

workwouldbefilledwithunease.Suchvisionsarebasedonthe12ofbeing

unemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment.Inthe13of

work,asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould14strikinglydifferent

circumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure.Today,the15ofworkmay

beabitoverblown.4tManyjobsareboring,degrading,unhealthy,andawasteof

humanpotential,saysJohnDanaher,alecturerattheNationalUniversityof

IrelandinGalway.

Thesedays,becauseleisuretimeisrelatively16formostworkers,

peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional17

oftheirjobs."WhenIcomehomefromahardday'swork,Ioftenfeel18J

Danahersays,adding,t4InaworldinwhichIdon'thavetowork,Imightfeelrather

different”-perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself19ahobbyora

passionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfbr20matters.

2

1.[AJboasting[BJdenying[CJwarning[D]ensuring

2.[A]inequality[B]instability[C]unreliability[DJuncertainty

3.[A]policy[B]guideline[C]resolution[D]prediction

4.[A]characterized[BJdivided[C]balanced[D]measured

5.[AJwisdom[B]meaningICJglory[D]freedom

6.[A]Instead[B]Indeed[C]Thus[D]Nevertheless

7.[A]rich[B]urban[C]working[DIeducated

8.[A]explanation[B]requirement[CJcompensation[D|substitute

9.[A]under[B]beyond[C]alongside[D]among

10.[A]leavebehind[B]makeup[C]worryabout[D]setaside

11.[A]statistically[B]occasionally[C]necessarily[D]economically

12.[A]chances[B]downsides[C]benefits[D]principles

13.[A]absence[B]height[C]face[D]course

14.[A]disturb[B]restore[C]exclude[D]yield

15.[A]model[B]practice[C]virtue[D]hardship

16.[A]tricky[B]lengthy[C]mysteriousfD]scarce

17.[A]demands[B]standards[C]qualities[D]threats

18.[AJignored[B]tired[CJconfused[D]starved

19.[A]off[B]against[C]behind[D]into

20.[A]technological[B]professionalfC]educational[D]interpersonal

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,

B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

3

Text1

EverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5km

aroundtheirlocalpark.TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsand

hasinspired400eventsintheUKandmoreabroad.Eventsarefree,staffedby

thousandsofvolunteers.Runnersrangefromfouryearsoldtograndparents;their

timesrangefromAndrewBaddeley'sworldrecord13minutes48secondsuptoan

hour.

ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon'sOlympic“l(fā)egacy“isfailing.Tenyears

agoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympiadwouldbein

London.PlanningdocumentspledgedthatthegreatlegacyoftheGameswouldbe

toleveranationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches.Thepopulationwouldbe

fitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnothappened.Thenumberof

adultsdoingweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun-upto2012-but

thegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatan

acceleratingrate.Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwo

hoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.Obesityhasrisenamongadultsand

children.OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2012failedto“inspirea

generation.ThesuccessofParkrunoffersanswers.

Parkunisnotaracebutatimetrial:Youronlycompetitoristheclock.The

ethoswelcomesanybody.Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeing

clappedoverthelineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.TheOlympicbidders,by

contrast,wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.

Thedualaimwasmixedup:Thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidating

fornewcomers.

Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedinthe

planningofsuchafundamentally“grassroots“conceptascommunitysports

associations.Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedin

providingcommongoods-makingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthe

moneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingtheprovisionofallthese

activitiesinschools.Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedoversellinggreen

spaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportin

education.Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomore

toprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.Oratleastnotmakethemworse.

4

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Parkrunhas.

[A]gainedgreatpopularity

[B]createdmanyjobs

[C]strengthenedcommunityties

[D]becomeanofficialfestival

22.TheauthorbelievesthatLondon'sOlympic“l(fā)egacy“hasfailedto

[A]boostpopulationgrowth

[B]promotesportparticipation

[C]improvethecity'simage

[D]increasesporthoursinschools

23.ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthatit.

[A]aimsatdiscoveringtalents

[B]focusesonmasscompetition

[C]doesnotemphasizeelitism

[D]doesnotattractfirst-timers

24.Withregardtomasssports,theauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshould

[A]organize"grassroots“sportsevents

[B]superviselocalsportsassociations

[C]increasefundsforsportsclubs

[DJinvestinpublicsportsfacilities

25.Theauthor'sattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshavedoneforsportsis

[AJtolerant

[B]critical

[C]uncertain

[D]sympathetic

5

Text2

Withsomuchfocusonchildren'suseofscreens,it'seasyforparentstoforget

abouttheirownscreenuse."Techisdesignedtoreallysuckyouin,^^saysJenny

Radeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,“anddigitalproductsaretheretopromote

maximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-over

intothefamilyroutine.”

Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesby

givingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhoused

devicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewer

nonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesaw

thatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingat

theiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.

Infantsarewiredtolookatparents'facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,and

ifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive-astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedina

device-itcanbeextremelydisconcertingforthechildren.Radeskycitesthe“still

faceexperiment“devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.

Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingona

blankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback:Thechild

becomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother'sattention.

“Parentsdon'thavetobeexquisitelypresentatalltimes,butthereneedstobea

balanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild'sverbalor

nonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,“saysRadesky.

Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids'

useofscreensarebomoutofan''oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparents

shouldalwaysbeinteracting^^withtheirchildren:"It'sbasedonasomewhat

fantasised,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou'refailing

toexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem."Tronickbelieves

thatjustbecauseachildisn'tlearningfromthescreendoesn'tmeanthere'snovalue

toit-particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimply

haveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheir

devicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethem

feelhappier,whichletsthembemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.

6

26.AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesignedto

[A]simplifyroutinematters

[B]absorbuserattention

[C]betterinterpersonalrelations

[D]increaseworkefficiency

27.Radesky'sfbod-testingexerciseshowsthatmothers'useofdevices

[A]takesawaybabies5appetite

[B]distractschildren'sattention

[C]slowsdownbabies'verbaldevelopment

[D]reducesmother-childcommunication

28.Radeskycitesthe“stillfaceexperiment“toshowthat.

[A]itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressions

[B]verbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchange

[C]childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents'mood

[D]parentsneedtorespondtochildren'semotionalneeds

29.TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto

[A]protectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasies

[BJteachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayear

[C]ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren

[D]remainconcernedaboutkids'useofscreens

30.AccordingtoTronick,kids'useofscreensmay.

[A]givetheirparentssomefreetime

[B]maketheirparentsmorecreative

[C]helpthemwiththeirhomework

[D]helpthembecomemoreattentive

7

Text3

Today,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelygotocollegeinconjunction

withincreasinglyhighexpectationsinafast-movingworldoftencausesstudentsto

completelyoverlookthepossibilityoftakingagapyear.Afterall,ifeveryoneyou

knowisgoingtocollegeinthefall,itseemssillytostaybackayear,doesn'tit?And

aftergoingtoschoolfbr12years,itdoesn'tfeelnaturaltospendayeardoing

somethingthatisn'tacademic.

Butwhilethismaybetrue,it'snotagoodenoughreasontocondemngapyears.

There'salwaysaconstantfearoffallingbehindeveryoneelseonthesocially

perpetuated“racetothefinishline,“whetherthatbetowardgraduateschool,

medicalschooloralucrativecareer.Butdespitecommonmisconceptions,agapyear

doesnothinderthesuccessofacademicpursuits-infact,itprobablyenhancesit.

StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagap

yeararegenerallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthose

whodonot.Ratherthanpullingstudentsback,agapyearpushesthemaheadby

preparingthemforindependence,newresponsibilitiesandenvironmentalchanges

一allthingsthatfirst-yearstudentsoftenstrugglewith(hemost.Gapyear

experiencescanlessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeing

thrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsand

activitiesratherthanacclimationblunders.

Ifyou'renotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearofftoexplore

interests,thenconsideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices.Accordingto

theNationalCenterforEducationStatistics,nearly80percentofcollegestudentsend

upchangingtheirmajorsatleastonce.Thisisn'tsurprising,consideringthebasic

mandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleavesstudentswithapoorunderstandingofthe

vastacademicpossibilitiesthatawaitthemincollege.Manystudentsfindthemselves

listingonemajorontheircollegeapplications,butswitchingtoanotheraftertaking

collegeclasses.It'snotnecessarilyabadthing,butdependingontheschool,itcanbe

costlytomakeupcreditsafterswitchingtoolateinthegame.AtBostonCollege,for

example,youwouldhavetocompleteanextrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursing

schoolfromanotherdepartment.Takingagapyeartofigurethingsoutinitiallycan

helppreventstressandsavemoneylateron.

8

31.Oneofthereasonsforhigh-schoolgraduatesnottakingagapyearisthat

[A]theythinkitacademicallymisleading

[B]theyhavealotoffuntoexpectincollege

[C]itfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfromothers

[D]itseemsworthlesstotakeoff-campuscourses

32.StudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplythattakingagapyearhelps

[A]keepstudentsfrombeingunrealistic

[B]lowerrisksinchoosingcareers

[C]easefreshmen'sfinancialburdens

[D]relievefreshmenofpressures

33.Theword“acclimation"(Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto.

[A]adaptation

[B]application

[C]motivation

[D]competition

34.Agapyearmaysavemoneyforstudentsbyhelpingthem.

[A]avoidacademicfailures

[B]establishlong-termgoals

[C]switchtoanothercollege

[DJdecideontherightmajor

35.Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe.

[AJInFavoroftheGapYear

[B]TheABCsoftheG叩Year

[C]TheGapYearComesBack

[D]TheGapYear:ADilemma

9

Text4

Thoughoftenviewedasaproblemforwesternstates,thegrowingfrequencyof

wildfiresisanationalconcernbecauseofitsimpactonfederaltaxdollars,says

ProfessorMaxMoritz,aspecialistinfireecologyandmanagement.

In2015,theUSForestServiceforthefirsttimespentmorethanhalfofits$5.5

billionannualbudgetfightingfires-nearlydoublethepercentageitspentonsuch

efforts20yearsago.Ineffect,fewerfederalfundstodayaregoingtowardsthe

agency'sotherwork-suchasforestconservation,watershedandculturalresources

management,andinfrastructureupkeep-thataffectthelivesofallAmericans.

Anothernationwideconcerniswhetherpublicfundsfromotheragenciesare

goingintoconstructioninfire-pronedistricts.AsMoritzputsit,howoftenare

federaldollarsbuildinghomesthatarelikelytobelosttoawildfire?

“It'salreadyahugeproblemfromapublicexpenditureperspectiveforthe

wholecountry,hesays."Weneedtotakeamagnifyingglasstothat.Like,'Waita

minute,isthisOK?'Dowewantinsteadtoredirectthosefundstoconcentrateon

lower-hazardpartsofthelandscape?”

SuchaviewwouldrequireacorrespondingshiftinthewayUSsocietytoday

viewsfire,researcherssay.

Foronething,conversationsaboutwildfiresneedtobemoreinclusive.Over

thepastdecade,thefocushasbeenonclimatechange-howthewarmingofthe

Earthfromgreenhousegasesisleadingtoconditionsthatworsenfires.

Whileclimateisakeyelement,Moritzsays,itshouldn'tcomeattheexpense

oftherestoftheequation.

“Thehumansystemsandthelandscapesweliveonarelinked,andthe

interactionsgobothways,“hesays.Failingtorecognizethat,henotes,leadsto"an

overlysimplifiedviewofwhatthesolutionsmightbe.Ourperceptionofthe

problemandofwhatthesolutionisbecomesverylimited.^^

Atthesametime,peoplecontinuetotreatfireasaneventthatneedstobe

whollycontrolledandunleashedonlyoutofnecessity,saysProfessorBalchatthe

UniversityofColorado.Butacknowledgingfire9sinevitablepresenceinhumanlife

isanattitudecrucialtodevelopingthelaws,policies,andpracticesthatmakeitas

safeaspossible,shesays.

“We'vedisconnectedourselvesfromlivingwithfire,^^Balchsays."Itisreally

importanttounderstandandtryandteaseoutwhatisthehumanconnectionwith

firetoday.”

10

36.Morefrequentwildfireshavebecomeanationalconcernbecausein2015they

[A]exhaustedunprecedentedmanagementefforts

[B]consumedarecord-highpercentageofbudget

[C]severelydamagedtheecologyofwesternstates

[D]causedahugeriseofinfrastructureexpenditure

37.Moritzcallsfortheuseof"amagnifyingglass"to.

[A]raisemorefundsforfire-proneareas

[B]avoidtheredirectionoffederalmoney

[C]findwildfire-freepartsofthelandscape

[D]guaranteesaferspendingofpublicfunds

38.Whileadmittingthatclimateisakeyelement,Moritznotesthat.

[A]publicdebateshavenotsettledyet

[B]fire-fightingconditionsareimproving

[C]otherfactorsshouldnotbeoverlooked

[D]ashiftintheviewoffirehastakenplace

39.TheoverlysimplifiedviewMoritzmentionsisaresultoffailingto

[A]discoverthefundamentalmakeupofnature

[B]explorethemechanismofthehumansystems

[C]maximizetheroleoflandscapeinhumanlife

[DJunderstandtheinterrelationsofmanandnature

40.ProfessorBalchpointsoutthatfireissomethingmanshould.

[AJdoawaywith

[B]cometotermswith

[C]payapricefor

[D]keepawayfrom

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumnto

itscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesin

therightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(lOpoints)

ThedeclineinAmericanmanufacturingisacommonrefrain,particularlyfrom

DonaldTrump,"Wedon'tmakeanythinganymore,“hetoldFoxNews,while

defendinghisownmade-in-Mexicoclothingline.

Withoutquestion,manufacturinghastakenasignificanthitduringrecent

decades,andfurthertradedealsraisequestionsaboutwhethernewshockscouldhit

manufacturing.

Butthereisalsoadifferentwaytolookatthedata.

Acrossthecountry,factoryownersarenowgrapplingwithanewchallenge:

Insteadofhavingtoomanyworkers,theymayendupwithtoofew.Despitetrade

competitionandoutsourcing,Americanmanufacturingstillneedstoreplacetensof

thousandsofretiringboomerseveryyear.Millennialsmaynotbethatinterestedin

takingtheirplace.Otherindustriesarerecruitingthemwithsimilarorbetterpay.

Forfactoryowners,italladdsuptostiffcompetitionforworkers-andupward

pressureonwages."They'rehardertofindandtheyhavejoboffers,saysJay

Dunwell,presidentofWolverineCoilSpring,afamily-ownedfirm,“Theymaybe

coming[intotheworkforce],butthey'vebeenpluckedbyotherindustriesthatare

alsodoingaswellasmanufacturing."Mr.Dunwellhasbegunbringinghighschool

juniorstothefactorysotheycangetexposedtoitsculture.

AtRoManManufacturing,amakerofelectricaltransformersandwelding

equipmentthathisfathercofoundedin1980,RobertRothkeepsacloseeyeonthe

ageofhisnearly200workers.Fiveareretiringthisyear.Mr.Rothhasthree

community-collegestudentsenrolledinawork-placementprogram,withastarting

wageof$13anhourthatrisesto$17aftertwoyears.

Ataworktableinsidethetransformerplant,youngJasonStenquistlooks

flusteredbythecoppercoilshe'stryingtoassembleandthearrivaloftwovisitors.

It'shisfirstweekonthejob.Askedabouthischoiceofcareer,hesaysathigh

schoolheconsideredmedicalschoolbeforeswitchingtoelectricalengineering.

loveworkingwithtools.Ilovecreating,hesays.

Buttowinovertheseyoungworkers,manufacturershavetoclearanother

12

majorhurdle:parents,wholivedthroughtheworstUSeconomicdownturnsince

theGreatDepression,tellingthemtoavoidthefactory.Millennials“remembertheir

fatherandmotherbothwerelaidoff.Theyblameitonthemanufacturingrecession,

saysBirgitKlohs,chiefexecutiveofTheRightPlace,abusinessdevelopment

agencyforwesternMichigan.

Theseconcernsaren'tmisplaced:Employmentinmanufacturinghasfallen

from17millionin1970to12millionin2015.Whentherecoverybegan,worker

shortagesfirstappearedinthehigh-skilledtrades.Nowshortagesareappearingat

themid-skilllevels.

“Thegapisbetweenthejobsthattakenoskillsandthosethatrequirealotof

skill,“saysRobSpohr,abusinessprofessoratMontcalmCommunityCollege.

'There9reenoughpeopletofillthejobsatMcDonaldsandotherplaceswhereyou

don'tneedtohavemuchskill.Ifsthatgapinbetween,andthat'swheretheproblem

is.”

JulieParksofGrandRapidsCommunityCollegepointstoanotherkeyto

luringMillennialsintomanufacturing:awork/lifebalance.Whiletheirparentswere

contenttoworklonghours,youngpeoplevalueflexibility."Overtimeisnot

attractivetothisgeneration.Theyreallywanttolivetheirlives,shesays.

[A]saysthatheswitchedtoelectricalengineeringbecausehe

lovesworkingwithtools.

41.JayDunwell[B]pointsoutthatthereareenoughpeopletofillthejobsthat

don'tneedmuchskill.

42.JasonStenquist[C]pointsoutthattheUSdoesn'tmanufactureanything

anymore.

43.BirgitKlohs[DIbelievesthatitisimportanttokeepacloseeyeontheageof

hisworkers.

44.RobSpohrfE]saysthatforfactoryowners,workersarehardertofind

becauseofstiffcompetition.

45.JulieParks[F]pointsoutthatawork/lifebalancecanattractyoung

peopleintomanufacturing.

[G]saysthatthemanufacturingrecessionistoblameforthe

lay-offoftheyoungpeople'sparents.

13

SectionIIITranslation

46.Directions

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWER

SHEET.(15points)

Mydreamhasalwaysbeentoworksomewhere