河南省新鄉(xiāng)市原陽(yáng)縣第一高級(jí)中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期開學(xué)英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

2024—2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期入學(xué)測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試卷第二部分

閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ABonn&theRhineinFlamesThursday5MaytoMonday9MayArelaxing5-dayrailbreaktoBonn,agreatcityontheRhine.Day1TraveltoBonnTakingamid-morningEurostarfromLondon’sStPancrasstationtoBrusselsMidiinBelgiumwhereweconnectwithanInterCityExpresstraintoCologne.HerewemakeafinalchangeoftrainandtraveltoBonnwhereweenjoya4-nightstayattheIntercityHotel.Day2DrachenfelsCogRailway&aTourofSchlossDrachenburgMorningtram(電車)ridetoKonigswintertotakethefamouscograilwayuptheDrachenfelshill.LaterweheadtoSchlossDrachenburg,builtforthebankerBaronStephanvonSarter.Day3“RheininFlammen”BoatCruise(乘船游覽)＆FireworkShowAfreemorningandearlyafternoontospendexploringBonn,knownasthebirthplaceofLudwigvanBeethoven.Avisittothisworldfamouscomposer’shouseisamust.Fromlateafternoonwetakeaboatcruiseandwatchthebeautifulfireworkshow.Day4WuppertalSchwebebahnWetakeamorningtraintoWuppertalandenjoyareturntripontheSchwebebahnhangingrailway.Therailwayopenedin1901andhasbeeninalmostcontinuousserviceabovethecityeversince.AnimportantpartoftheWuppertaltransportsystem,thistrainismadeevenmoreattractivebythefactthatthewheelsareontheroof!EarlyeveningwereturntoBonn.Day5ReturnHometoLondonAfterbreakfastwetakeamid-morningtrainfromBonnbacktoCologne’smainstation.HerewereturntoLondon.5Daysfrom￡785perPersonPRICEINCLUDES■Allrailtravelasstated■UnlimitedtravelonlocaltransportinBonncityarea■Excursions(游覽)aslisted■Accommodationingood,qualityhotelonabedandbreakfastbasis■ServicesofatourleaderfromLondonandthroughoutthetour1.OnwhichdaywilltouristsvisitthefamouscomposerBeethoven’shouse?A.Day2. B.Day3. C.Day4. D.Day5.2.WhatdoweknowaboutWuppertalSchwebebahn?A.Itopenedin1921. B.Itisahangingrailway.C.Itisalreadyoutofservice. D.ItwasbuiltbyStephanvonSarter.3.Whatdotouristsneedtopayextraforduringthetrip?A.Breakfasts.B.Servicesofatourleader.C.Lunchesandeveningmeals.D.TravelonlocaltransportinBonn.【答案】1.B2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章主要介紹一個(gè)去萊茵河邊波恩城市的五天旅行?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章Day3中“AfreemorningandearlyafternoontospendexploringBonn,knownasthebirthplaceofLudwigvanBeethoven.Avisittothisworldfamouscomposer’shouseisamust.(一個(gè)自由的上午和下午早些時(shí)候花在探索波恩，被稱為路德維?！し丁へ惗喾业某錾亍⒂^這位世界著名作曲家的家是必須的。)”可知，第三天可以參觀著名作曲家貝多芬的家。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章Day4中“WetakeamorningtraintoWuppertalandenjoyareturntripontheSchwebebahnhangingrailway.(我們乘坐早班火車前往Wuppertal，在Schwebahn懸空鐵路上享受回程。)”可知，WuppertalSchwebebahn是一個(gè)懸空鐵路。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段“Accommodationingood,qualityhotelonabedandbreakfastbasis(住宿在優(yōu)質(zhì)酒店，提供住宿和早餐)”以及上文可知，該旅游費(fèi)用中指包括早餐，所以午餐和晚餐需要額外支付。故選C項(xiàng)。BItwasinabrightly-litroominMexicoCity,Mexico,thatonJune18,2014itwasannouncedthatIndia-bornDrSanjayaRajaramhadbeennamedthewinneroftheWorldFoodPrize.DrRajaramwonthisawardforsuccessfullycrossbreeding(雜交)thewinterandspringwheat(小麥)varieties,whichhavebeentwodistinctandisolatedgenepools(分離的基因庫(kù))sincethebeginningoffarming.Andbecauseofthisbreakthrough,thescientisthasbeenabletobreedover480wheatvarieties.BorninVaranasiin1943,DrRajaramlivedwithhisfamilyoffaplotoflandgrowingwheat,riceandmaize.“AftermyeducationhereinIndia,IwentofftoAustraliaformyPhDandsoonIjoinedCIMMYT(theInternationalMaizeandWheatImprovementCentre)inMexico,wheremycareerasaplantbreederstarted,”saidDrRajaram.“Everycountryisunique—thereareclimatesystems,culture,thefinancialsituationandeachofthenationsIvisitedneededadifferentsetofsolutions,”saidDrRajaram.Hissolutionsbecamepartofwhatiswidelydescribedastheworld’sfirst“wheatnetwork”,aglobalexchangeof

“geneticinformationandinnovationsamongresearchers”.Hisvarietiesofwheatwerestronginnutrition,delayed(延遲)theattackofsomeplantdiseasesandwereabletosurvivetheseverestofconditions.Afternearlyhalfacenturyinthefield,DrRajaramsaidhisworkwasstillnotfinished.“Inscience,youneverstoplearning.IhavebeendoingthisallmylifeandI’veneverreallyhadtimeforanythingelse.Asfarashobbiesgo,well,there’sabitofmusicIliketolistentoandthat’sprettymuchit.Ihavebeenonalongjourneyofpushingtheboundaries(邊界)ofwhat’spossibleandtoday,there’sstillworkleft.Learningmustneverstopandtheworldmustnotgohungry.”4.WhywasDrRajaramawardedtheWorldFoodPrize?A.Heimprovedseveralwheatvarietiesgenetically.B.Hecrossbredthewinterandspringwheatvarieties.C.Hesuccessfullybredtwowheatvarieties.D.Hefoundthedifferencebetweenthewinterandspringwheatvarieties.5.WhendidDrRajaramstarttoworkonplantbreeding?A.DuringhiscollegeyearsinIndia.B.WhiledoinghisPhDinAustralia.C.AfterbecomingamemberofCIMMYTinMexico.D.Whilelivingwithhisfamilynearwheat-growingland.6.WhatisoneadvantageofthewheatvarietiesdevelopedbyDrRajaram?A.Theycanbeplantedinanyseason.B.Theyarefreefromtheattackofsomepantdiseases.C.Theycangrowwellinterribleenvironments.D.Theycangrowtallerthantraditionalones.7.WhatcanwelearnaboutDrRajaramfromthelastparagraph?A.Hewastoobusywithworktodevelopanyhobby.B.Hewasn’tsatisfiedwiththeresultsofhisresearch.C.Heplannedtodoresearchinanewfieldofscience.D.Hemadehismindtoworkonworldfoodproblems.【答案】4.B5.C6.C7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了小麥育種專家SanjayaRajaram成功培育出冬春雜交小麥品種，獲得世界糧食獎(jiǎng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Itwasinabrightly-litroominMexicoCity,Mexico,thatonJune18,2014itwasannouncedthatIndia-bornDrSanjayaRajaramhadbeennamedthewinneroftheWorldFoodPrize.(2014年6月18日，在墨西哥墨西哥城一個(gè)燈火通明的房間里，印度出生的SanjayaRajaram博士被宣布為世界糧食獎(jiǎng)獲得者)”以及第二段“DrRajaramwonthisawardforsuccessfullycrossbreeding(雜交)thewinterandspringwheat(小麥)varieties,(Rajaram博士因成功雜交冬小麥和春小麥品種而獲得該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng))”可知，SanjayaRajaram博士被授予世界糧食獎(jiǎng)，是因?yàn)樗s交了冬小麥和春小麥品種。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“AftermyeducationhereinIndia,IwentofftoAustraliaformyPhDandsoonIjoinedCIMMYT(theInternationalMaizeandWheatImprovementCentre)inMexico,wheremycareerasaplantbreederstarted,(在印度接受教育后，我去了澳大利亞攻讀博士學(xué)位，很快我加入了墨西哥的CIMMYT（國(guó)際玉米小麥改良中心），在那里我開始了我的植物育種者職業(yè)生涯)”可知，Rajaram博士加入國(guó)際玉米小麥改良中心后，開始從事植物育種工作。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Hisvarietiesofwheatwerestronginnutrition,delayed(延遲)theattackofsomeplantdiseasesandwereabletosurvivetheseverestofconditions.(他的小麥品種營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富，延遲了一些植物病害的侵襲，能夠在最惡劣的條件下存活下來)”可知，Rajaram博士培育的小麥品種能在惡劣的環(huán)境中生長(zhǎng)。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Afternearlyhalfacenturyinthefield,DrRajaramsaidhisworkwasstillnotfinished.“Inscience,youneverstoplearning.IhavebeendoingthisallmylifeandI’veneverreallyhadtimeforanythingelse.Asfarashobbiesgo,well,there’sabitofmusicIliketolistentoandthat’sprettymuchit.Ihavebeenonalongjourneyofpushingtheboundaries(邊界)ofwhat’spossibleandtoday,there’sstillworkleft.Learningmustneverstopandtheworldmustnotgohungry.”(在該領(lǐng)域工作了近半個(gè)世紀(jì)后，Rajaram博士說他的工作還沒有完成?！诳茖W(xué)領(lǐng)域，你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)停止學(xué)習(xí)。我一輩子都在做這件事，我從來沒有真正有時(shí)間做其他事情。就愛好而言，好吧，有一點(diǎn)我喜歡聽的音樂，幾乎就是這樣。我一直在努力突破可能的極限，今天還有工作要做。學(xué)習(xí)永遠(yuǎn)不能停止，世界也不能挨餓。’)”可知，Rajaram博士已經(jīng)在糧食領(lǐng)域工作了數(shù)十年，他認(rèn)為自己還有很多工作要做，需要不斷學(xué)習(xí)，讓世界人民不再饑餓。因此可推斷，他決定致力于解決世界糧食問題。故選D。CTheconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurtherchangingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse，evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.＂We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,＂explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow(發(fā)光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight，aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby，isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself-poweredstreetlamps.Inthefuture，theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff＂switch＂wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(電源)-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission(傳輸).Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.8.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B.Abigfallincrimerates.C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.9.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineer?A.Todetectplants’lackofwaterBTochangecompositionsofplantsC.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.D.Totestchemicalsinplants.10.Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?A.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.B.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.D.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?BHowdowelivewithglowingplants?C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?【答案】8D9.A10.C11.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了綠色植物對(duì)人們很有好處，因此麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師開發(fā)了一種發(fā)光植物。文章介紹了他們發(fā)明這種植物的過程，以及這種植物的一些優(yōu)勢(shì)，指出在未來發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達(dá)到節(jié)約能源的作用。【8題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州揚(yáng)斯敦進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，城市綠化較好的地區(qū)犯罪率較低。在另一項(xiàng)研究中，當(dāng)員工的工作場(chǎng)所被室內(nèi)植物裝飾時(shí)，他們的工作效率會(huì)提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是關(guān)于綠色植物的益處。故選D。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.可知這就包括葉子上印有傳感器來顯示植物缺水的情況的植物，還有一種植物可以檢測(cè)到地下水中的有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)。由此可知，麻省理工學(xué)院工程師植物葉片上印上傳感器的作用是檢測(cè)植物缺水的情況。故選A。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知發(fā)光的植物可以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節(jié)約能源。由此可知，這種發(fā)光的植物在未來可能有助于減少能源消耗。故選C。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知照明約占美國(guó)總耗電量的7%。由于照明通常遠(yuǎn)離電源，例如從發(fā)電廠到偏僻公路上路燈的距離，在傳輸過程中會(huì)損失大量能源。發(fā)光的植物可以縮短這段距離，從而幫助節(jié)約能源。結(jié)合文章主要說明了綠色植物對(duì)人們很有好處，因此麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師開發(fā)了一種發(fā)光植物，文章介紹了他們發(fā)明這種植物的過程，以及這種植物的一些優(yōu)勢(shì)，指出在未來發(fā)光植物有可能取代路燈，達(dá)到節(jié)約能源的作用。由此可知，C選項(xiàng)“發(fā)光的植物能取代路燈嗎？”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。DImagineyou’reatthesupermarketcheckout.Youpaythecashier,loadyourfoodintothecart,thentakeonethirdofyournewlypurchaseditemsoutsideandthrowthemintothetrash.Thismaysoundunbelievable,butmillionsofusworldwidedothisregularly,althoughinamorenon-directway.IntheWest,mostofthisfoodisthrownawaybybusinessesthatareunabletosellit,orbyconsumerswhobuytoomuch.Andthemajorityofthisfood,despitebeingpastitsshelflife,isstillperfectlyfitforhumanconsumption.Sowheredotheseexcessproductsendup?“Wereceivefoodfromvarioussources,includingfoodbanks,restaurants,cafes,foodphotographers,andevents”saysAdamSmith,founderofTheRealJunkFoodProject.TheBritishcompanyrecentlymadeheadlinesintheUKafteritbecamethecountry’sfirst“foodwastesupermarket”,offeringproductsthatwouldotherwisehaveendedupinwaste.Mostofitscustomersarelow-incomefamilies,orevencollegestudentswhofinditdifficulttoaffordfood.“Weaskourcustomerstopaywhattheyfeelintime,moneyorskills.Wedohavepeoplecomingwiththeintentionofpayingandifitcarriesonlikeitdoes,itwillpayforthecostofthewarehouse,”Smithexplains.SomeshopsacrossEuropearealsotakingaction.Francerecentlypassedalawthatsaysallsupermarketsmustnowdonatealloftheirunsoldproducetocharities,whiletheItaliangovernmenthasalsoputsimilarmeasuresinplace.Hundredsofcafesthatservemealsmadefromsurplusfoodhavebeensetupacrossthecontinenttoo,sellingdishesatbottompricesorevengivingthemawayforfree.Sowhatcanwedotopreventourdinnerendingupinthebin?“Buyless.Oratleastshopsmarter,”saidSmith.Afterall,thebestplaceforfoodisinourstomachs,notthetrash.12.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlined“beingpastitsshelflife”inParagraph2?ABeingpastits“sell-by”date. B.Beingfarfromenough.C.Beingpastthelengthofbeingeatable. D.Beingoutofdate.13.WhatdoweknowaboutTheRealJunkFoodProject?A.Itgetsfoodfromthewaste. B.Itwantstomakeafatprofit.C.Itdrewmassiveattentionlately. D.Itsmainaimistodocharities.14.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?A.SomecountriesinEuropeareactivelyhelpingpoorpeople.B.SomecountriesinEuropearetryingtoaddressfoodwaste.C.RelatedshopsinEuropearewillingtogiveawaytheirfood.D.AllthecountriesinEuropehavemadelawstohandlefoodwaste.15.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TurningTrashintoTreats B.BuyingLessandSmarterC.FoodTrashIndustry D.WarnagainstFoodWaste【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述全世界現(xiàn)在存在一種浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象：超市里有近三分之一的東西淪為垃圾，而實(shí)際上這些商品還是可以使用的。針對(duì)這種情況，歐美一些國(guó)家正在采取行動(dòng)?！?2題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。由劃分部分所在句子“Andthemajorityofthisfood,despitebeingpastitsshelflife,isstillperfectlyfitforhumanconsumption.”可知，大部分這些食物仍然是非常適合人們消費(fèi)的，盡管它們超過了它們的貨架壽命。由此可見，這些食物只是超過了在貨架上銷售的時(shí)間，需要下架，但是它們?nèi)匀豢梢允秤?，“beingpastitsshelflife”表示的是超過了最佳售賣的日期。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)A正確?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。由第三段的第二句“TheBritishcompanyrecentlymadeheadlinesintheUKafteritbecamethecountry’sfirst“foodwastesupermarket”,offeringproductsthatwouldotherwisehaveendedupinwaste.”可知，在它成為英國(guó)第一個(gè)提供可能會(huì)變成廢物的產(chǎn)品的“食物廢品超市”之后，這個(gè)英國(guó)公司最近在英國(guó)成為頭條。由此可見，這個(gè)英國(guó)公司的真的垃圾食物項(xiàng)目吸引了人們的注意力，成為了頭條。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)C正確。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。由第四段的第二句“Francerecentlypassedalawthatsaysallsupermarketsmustnowdonatealloftheirunsoldproducetocharities,whiletheItaliangovernmenthasalsoputsimilarmeasuresinplace.”可知，法國(guó)最近通過了一部法律，規(guī)定所有的超市現(xiàn)在必須將所有它們不售賣的食物捐贈(zèng)給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，同時(shí)，意大利政府也適當(dāng)?shù)貙?shí)施了相似的措施。由此可見，歐洲的一些國(guó)家正在努力解決食物浪費(fèi)問題。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)B正確。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。由全文內(nèi)容可知，第二段的第一句“IntheWest,mostofthisfoodisthrownawaybybusinessesthatareunabletosellit,orbyconsumerswhobuytoomuch.”表示的是在西方，大部分這種食物被不能再銷售它的企業(yè)丟棄或者被購(gòu)買太多的消費(fèi)者丟棄。第三段的第二句“TheBritishcompanyrecentlymadeheadlinesintheUKafteritbecamethecountry’sfirst“foodwastesupermarket”,offeringproductsthatwouldotherwisehaveendedupinwaste.”表達(dá)的是在它成為英國(guó)第一個(gè)提供可能會(huì)變成廢物的產(chǎn)品的“食物廢品超市”之后，這個(gè)英國(guó)公司最近在英國(guó)成為頭條。第四段的第一句“SomeshopsacrossEuropearealsotakingaction.”表示的是全歐洲的一些商店也正在采取行動(dòng)。最后一段的最后一句“Afterall,thebestplaceforfoodisinourstomachs,notthetrash.”表示的是畢竟，食物最佳的地方是在我們的胃里而不是垃圾。由此可見，整篇文章主要是針對(duì)被丟棄的食物的問題，介紹了幾種將廢物轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楹梦锏姆椒?。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)A正確。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。LearningtoLoveLocally-GrownFoodsCookingshowsonTVareusuallyallaboutforeignfoods.Thankstoglobalization,peopleeverywhereareintroducingtheirtastebudstodishesfromeverycorneroftheworld.___16___Inthepastfewyears,thenumberofpeoplepurchasinglocalfoodshasbeenrisingbecauseitoffersalotofbenefits.Forstarters,localfoodisoftentastierbecauseitisfresher.Importedgoodsmustbeflownorshippedinfromfaraway,sotheynaturallylosesomeoftheirfreshnessduringthejourney.___17___Thesematerialsmaycausethenutritionalvalueofthesegoodstodeclineduringtheshippingprocess.Foodsafetyisanotherreasonwhypeoplearechoosinglocalproduce.Today’slawsregardingfoodsvaryfromcountrytocountry.___18___Butwhenyouknowthelocalfarmerwhogrowsyourfood,thechancesofitbeingpollutedaregreatlyreduced.Buyinglocalfoodscanalsohaveabeneficialimpactontheenvironment.Buyinglocal,consumerscanmaintaingreenspaceandfarmlandintheircommunities.Besides,iffarmerscanselldirectlytoconsumers,theywillearnmoremoneyfortheirfamilies.Additionalprofitsalsoenablefarmerstobettercarefortheirsoilandkeepqualitystandardshigh.___19______20___Thisisanopenareawherefarmerssellfruits,vegetables,andmeatdirectlytothepublic.Onceyouexperiencethefreshnessoflocalfoodsforyourself,itmightbetoughtogobacktothesupermarket.A.Intheend,it’sawin-winsituation.B.However,somedisagreewiththeidea.C.Toconclude,thefarmerscanmakemoremoney.D.Importedgoodsmustalsobepackagedinplasticorothercontainers.E.Thismakesitdifficulttodetectifanyharmfulchemicalshavebeenused.F.Atthesametime,otherpeoplearediscoveringfoodfromtheirareaisthebest.G.Ifyou’reinterestedinhavingmorelocalfoods,youcanevenattendafarmers’market.【答案】16.F17.D18.E19.A20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹購(gòu)買本地食物也會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生有益的影響，所以作者建議我們學(xué)會(huì)愛上當(dāng)?shù)胤N植的食物?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Inthepastfewyears,thenumberofpeoplepurchasinglocalfoodshasbeenrisingbecauseitoffersalotofbenefits.(在過去的幾年里，購(gòu)買當(dāng)?shù)厥称返娜藬?shù)一直在上升，因?yàn)樗峁┝撕芏嗪锰?”可知，下文提到在過去的幾年里購(gòu)買當(dāng)?shù)厥澄锏娜藬?shù)在上升，說明人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了當(dāng)?shù)厥澄锏暮锰帯９蔉選項(xiàng)“與此同時(shí)，其他人發(fā)現(xiàn)他們所在地區(qū)的食物是最好的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Forstarters,localfoodisoftentastierbecauseitisfresher.Importedgoodsmustbeflownorshippedinfromfaraway,sotheynaturallylosesomeoftheirfreshnessduringthejourney.(首先，當(dāng)?shù)氐氖澄锿ǔ８迈r，所以味道更好。進(jìn)口貨物必須從很遠(yuǎn)的地方空運(yùn)或運(yùn)來，所以在運(yùn)輸過程中它們自然會(huì)失去一些新鮮度)”以及后文“Thesematerialsmaycausethenutritionalvalueofthesegoodstodeclineduringtheshippingprocess.(這些材料可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致這些貨物的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值在運(yùn)輸過程中下降)”可知，后文提到了某種材料會(huì)導(dǎo)致貨物的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值下降，可知本句是在說明是什么物質(zhì)。故D選項(xiàng)“進(jìn)口貨物也必須用塑料或其他容器包裝”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Foodsafetyisanotherreasonwhypeoplearechoosinglocalproduce.Today’slawsregardingfoodsvaryfromcountrytocountry.(食品安全是人們選擇當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)產(chǎn)品的另一個(gè)原因。今天關(guān)于食品的法律因國(guó)家而異)”可知，本句承接上文說明“關(guān)于食品的法律因國(guó)家而異”的結(jié)果：使得很難檢測(cè)是否使用了任何有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)，故E選項(xiàng)“這使得很難檢測(cè)是否使用了任何有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Buyinglocalfoodscanalsohaveabeneficialimpactontheenvironment.Buyinglocal,consumerscanmaintaingreenspaceandfarmlandintheircommunities.Besides,iffarmerscanselldirectlytoconsumers,theywillearnmoremoneyfortheirfamilies.Additionalprofitsalsoenablefarmerstobettercarefortheirsoilandkeepqualitystandardshigh.(購(gòu)買當(dāng)?shù)厥称芬部梢詫?duì)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生有益的影響。在當(dāng)?shù)刭?gòu)買，消費(fèi)者可以在他們的社區(qū)保持綠色空間和農(nóng)田。此外，如果農(nóng)民可以直接賣給消費(fèi)者，他們將為他們的家庭賺更多的錢。額外的利潤(rùn)也使農(nóng)民能夠更好地保護(hù)他們的土壤，并保持高質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn))”可知，本段主要介紹購(gòu)買本地食物給本地消費(fèi)者和農(nóng)民都會(huì)帶來好處。故A選項(xiàng)“最終，這是一個(gè)雙贏的局面”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Thisisanopenareawherefarmerssellfruits,vegetables,andmeatdirectlytothepublic.Onceyouexperiencethefreshnessoflocalfoodsforyourself,itmightbetoughtogobacktothesupermarket.(這是一個(gè)開放的區(qū)域，農(nóng)民在這里直接向公眾出售水果、蔬菜和肉類。一旦你親身體驗(yàn)了當(dāng)?shù)厥澄锏男迈r，可能就很難再去超市了)”可知，本段主要是關(guān)于農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)的本地食物更加新鮮。故G選項(xiàng)“如果你對(duì)更多的當(dāng)?shù)厥澄锔信d趣，你甚至可以去農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。第三部分

語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Observingisaprocessthatletsustakeastepclosertosomething.Whengivingthenaturalworldour

___21___,wecannotethepatterns(圖案)inalandscapeoraleaf,or

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seehowanimalsbehave.Humanbrainsarewiredinawaythatwhenwe

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something,we’remorelikelytoloveit.Themoreyoulookatandunderstanddetailsinnature,thebetteryouwillknowand

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theselittlepeculiarities(獨(dú)特性).Youwillbeginto

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them,andrecognizethem.Bylookingcloselyataspectsthatmightnotseem

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atfirstlook,youmayfindnewappreciationforthem—thishappenedafewyearsagowhenI

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thatbirdsweremorethanstrange-lookingcreatures,butactuallyintelligentandbeautifulcreatures.I’veneverbeenabigbird-watcher,

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nowIam,andIlovelearningmoreaboutit.Ifyoufeelpassionate(熱愛的)aboutsomething,youusuallywanttohelp

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itwhenitisendangered.Thereareother

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effectswhenobservingnature.Youusuallygrowcalmand

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whenyouareinanaturalenvironment.Thishasactuallybeenverified(證實(shí))instudies,althoughIbelievemostofusalreadyknowittobetrue.Naturecanbe

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everywhere.Evenasingletreeoutsideyourwindowcanhavethis

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onyou.Imaginewhatawalkthroughthewoodscando.Wonderingatthe

____34____

anddiversityofnaturecanhelptoquietnegativethoughtsaboutyourselforothersandbringamomentof

____35____.21.A.attention B.information C.advice D.trust22.A.strangely B.slowly C.directly D.hardly23A.describe B.understand C.experience D.remember24.A.like B.forget C.change D.share25.A.giveupon B.lookoutfor C.takeover D.useup26.A.interesting B.important C.different D.difficult27.A.wondered B.dreamed C.discovered D.promised28.A.unless B.if C.so D.but29.A.protect B.control C.miss D.choose30.A.undesirable B.similar C.dangerous D.positive31.A.rich B.old C.relaxed D.professional32.A.explained B.observed C.discussed D.accepted33.A.effect B.pressure C.point D.option34.A.end B.beauty C.future D.purpose35.A.boredom B.inspiration C.confusion D.peace【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.A25.B26.A27.C28.D29.A30.D31.C32.B33.A34.B35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了觀察自然能增進(jìn)對(duì)自然的理解和欣賞，帶來平靜心情，并激發(fā)保護(hù)自然的愿望。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我們關(guān)注自然界時(shí)，我們可以注意到風(fēng)景或樹葉中的圖案，或者直接看到動(dòng)物的行為。A.attention注意；B.information信息；C.advice建議；D.trust信任。根據(jù)上文“wecannotethepatterns(圖案)inalandscapeoraleaf,or___2___seehowanimalsbehave.”以及常識(shí)可知，仔細(xì)觀察自然界可以得到觀察的細(xì)節(jié)，此處表示集中注意力在自然界上。故選A。【22題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.strangely奇怪地；B.slowly緩慢地；C.directly直接地；D.hardly幾乎不。根據(jù)上文“Whengivingthenaturalworldour___1___,”以及下文“seehowanimalsbehave”可知，觀察自然界時(shí)，可以直接觀察到動(dòng)物的行為。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：人類的大腦是以這種方式連接的，當(dāng)我們理解某事時(shí)，我們更有可能喜歡它。A.describe描述；B.understand理解；C.experience經(jīng)歷；D.remember記住。根據(jù)上文“Themoreyoulookatandunderstanddetailsinnature”可知，此處表示，理解某物更有可能會(huì)讓人喜歡它。故選B。【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：你越是觀察和理解自然界中的細(xì)節(jié)，你就越能了解并喜歡這些小的獨(dú)特性。A.like喜歡；B.forget忘記；C.change改變；D.share分享。根據(jù)上文“Humanbrainsarewiredinawaythatwhenwe___3___something,we’remorelikelytoloveit.”可知，此處表示越理解某物，越可能喜歡這些小的獨(dú)特性。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：你會(huì)開始留意它們，并識(shí)別出它們。A.giveupon放棄；B.lookoutfor留意；C.takeover接管；D.useup用光。根據(jù)下文“andrecognizethem”以及語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示留意小的獨(dú)特性。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：通過仔細(xì)觀察那些在第一眼看起來可能不那么有趣的方面，你可能會(huì)對(duì)它們產(chǎn)生新的欣賞——這發(fā)生在幾年前，當(dāng)時(shí)我發(fā)現(xiàn)鳥類不僅僅是長(zhǎng)相奇怪的生物，而實(shí)際上是聰明美麗的生物。A.interesting有趣的；B.important重要的；C.different不同的；D.difficult困難的。根據(jù)下文“atfirstlook,youmayfindnewappreciationforthem”可推知，此處表示第一眼看起來可能不那么有趣，但通過仔細(xì)觀察，你可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生新的欣賞。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.wondered想知道；B.dreamed夢(mèng)想；C.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.promised承諾。根據(jù)下文“thatbirdsweremorethanstrange-lookingcreatures,butactuallyintelligentandbeautifulcreatures.”可知，此處表示作者發(fā)現(xiàn)了鳥類的美麗與智慧。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：我從來不是一個(gè)大的觀鳥愛好者，但現(xiàn)在我是，并且我喜歡了解更多關(guān)于鳥類的知識(shí)。A.unless除非；B.if如果；C.so所以；D.but但是。根據(jù)下文“nowIam,andIlovelearningmoreaboutit.”以及語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示現(xiàn)在的情況與之前進(jìn)行對(duì)比，句子前后表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用連詞but連接。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你對(duì)某樣?xùn)|西充滿熱情，你通常會(huì)想在它瀕臨滅絕時(shí)幫助保護(hù)它。A.protect保護(hù)；B.control控制；C.miss錯(cuò)過；D.choose選擇。根據(jù)下文“whenitisendangered”可知，當(dāng)它瀕臨滅絕時(shí)，你通常會(huì)想要保護(hù)它。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：觀察自然還有其他積極的影響。A.undesirable不受歡迎的；B.similar類似的；C.dangerous危險(xiǎn)的；D.positive積極的。根據(jù)下文“Youusuallygrowcalmand___11___whenyouareinanaturalenvironment.”可知，觀察自然有積極的影響。故選D?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)你在自然環(huán)境中時(shí)，你通常會(huì)變得平靜和放松。A.rich富有的；B.old年老的；C.relaxed放松的；D.professional專業(yè)的。根據(jù)下文“Wonderingatthe___14___anddiversityofnaturecanhelptoquietnegativethoughtsaboutyourselforothersandbringamomentof___15___.”以及語(yǔ)境可知，處于自然環(huán)境中，你會(huì)變得平靜和放松。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：自然可以在任何地方被觀察。A.explained解釋；B.observed觀察；C.discussed討論；D.accepted接受。根據(jù)下文“Evenasingletreeoutsideyourwindowcanhavethis___13___onyou.”可推知，此處表示自然可以在任何地方被觀察。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：即使是窗外的一棵樹也會(huì)對(duì)你產(chǎn)生這種影響。A.effect影響；B.pressure壓力；C.point點(diǎn)；D.option選項(xiàng)。根據(jù)上文“Thereareother___10___effectswhenobservingnature.”以及下文“Imaginewhatawalkthroughthewoodscando.”可知，此處表示即使是窗外的一棵樹也會(huì)對(duì)你產(chǎn)生積極的影響。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：驚嘆于大自然的美麗和多樣性可以幫助平息對(duì)自己或他人的負(fù)面想法，帶來片刻的平靜。A.end結(jié)束；B.beauty美麗；C.future未來；D.purpose目的。根據(jù)上文“Whengivingthenaturalworldour___1___,wecannotethepatterns(圖案)inalandscapeoraleaf,or___2___seehowanimalsbehave.”可知，此處表示大自然的美麗。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.boredom無聊；B.inspiration靈感；C.confusion困惑；D.peace平靜。根據(jù)上文“Youusuallygrowcalmand___11___whenyouareinanaturalenvironment.”以及“Wonderingatthe___14___anddiversityofnaturecanhelptoquietnegativethoughtsaboutyourselforothers”可知，此處表示大自然可以幫助平息負(fù)面想法，帶來平靜。故選D。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。36.SolargeisthePacificthatenergy________(generate)byitswarmingisenoughtotouchoffaseriesofClimatechanges.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】generated【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：太平洋如此之大，其變暖所產(chǎn)生的能量足以引發(fā)一系列的氣候變化。分析句子可知，從句中的主語(yǔ)energy與generate為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此要用過去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)來修飾。故填generated。37.Theyhadnoalternativebut__________

(put)themeetingoff.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】toput【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他們別無選擇，只能將會(huì)議推遲。分析句子可知，此處符合短語(yǔ)havenoalternativebuttodosth.意為“沒有其他選擇只能……”，應(yīng)用不定式，put搭配off意為“推遲，延遲”。故填toput。38._____(devote)tohisresearchwork,theprofessorcaredlittleaboutanyotherthings.(用單詞適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】Devoted【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：因?yàn)閷Ｗ⒂谘芯抗ぷ鳎淌诓魂P(guān)心其他事。bedevotedto(doing)sth“專注于”，做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于：becausehewasdevotedtohisresearchwork，故填Devoted。39.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto________（set）upsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】setting【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：里德先生決心把他的一切都奉獻(xiàn)給為貧困兒童建立一些學(xué)校。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，hehad作all的定語(yǔ)從句。所以該題考查devotesth.todoingsth.（把……貢獻(xiàn)給……）結(jié)構(gòu)。to是介詞，后面接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故填setting。40.