油畫專業(yè)術語(英語)

油畫專業(yè)術語（英語）1.Canvas（畫布）Thecanvasisthefoundationuponwhichoilpaintingsarecreated,providingatexturedsurfaceforartiststoapplytheirpigments.2.Pigment（顏料）Pigmentsarethecoloredmaterialsusedtocreatethewiderangeofcolorsseeninoilpaintings.Theyaremixedwithoiltoformpaint.3.OilPaint（油畫顏料）4.Brush（畫筆）5.Palette（調色板）Apaletteisaflatsurface,usuallymadeofwood,plastic,orglass,whereartistsmixtheirpaintsandplantheircolorschemes.6.Impasto（厚涂）Impastoisatechniquewherepaintisappliedthicklytothecanvas,creatingtextureanddepth.Thiscanbeachievedusingapaletteknifeorthickbrushes.7.Glazing（透明涂層）Glazinginvolvesapplyingthin,transparentlayersofpaintoveradrysurface.Thistechniquecancreatealuminouseffectandisoftenusedtomodifyorenhancethecolorbeneath.8.Underpainting（底畫）Anunderpaintingistheinitiallayerofpaintappliedtothecanvas,whichservesasabaseforsubsequentlayers.Itcanbeinmonochromeoralimitedpalette.9.allaprima（一次性畫法）10.StretcherBar（畫布框）Stretcherbarsarewoodenoraluminumframesusedtostretchthecanvastight,providingafirmsurfaceforpainting.11.Medium（媒介劑）Amediumisasubstancethatcanbeaddedtooilpainttochangeitsconsistency,dryingtime,orotherproperties.Commontypesincludelinseedoil,turpentine,andvarnishes.12.Sgraffito（刮畫法）Sgraffitoisatechniquewherealayerofpaintisscrapedawaytorevealtheunderlyinglayer,creatingapatternoraddingfinedetailstothepainting.13.Chiaroscuro（明暗對比）Chiaroscuroistheuseofstrongcontrastsbetweenlightanddarktocreateasenseofvolumeanddepthinapainting.14.sfumato（漸隱法）Sfumatoisatechniqueforsofteningthetransitionbetweencolorsandtones,oftenusedtocreateasubtleblendingeffectthatmimicsthewaythehumaneyeperceivesobjectsinnature.15.Tondo（圓形畫）16.Easel（畫架）17.Gesso（石膏底）Gessoisaprimerthatpreparesthecanvasorpanelforpainting.Itprovidesasmooth,absorbentsurfacethatpaintcanadhereto,anditalsohelpstopreventtheoilfromseepingintothefibersofthecanvas.18.Ground（底色）Thegroundistheinitiallayerofcolorormaterialappliedtothecanvasbeforethepaintingbegins.Itcaninfluencethetoneofthepaintingandhowthesubsequentcolorsappear.19.allaprima（直接畫法）20.Scumbling（干刷法）Scumblinginvolvesapplyingalayerofpaintwithadrybrushoveradrylayerofpaint.Thiscreatesarough,brokentextureandcanbeusedtomodifyorsoftentheunderlyingcolors.21.CremnitzWhite（克雷米茨白）22.CadmiumColors（鎘顏料）Cadmiumcolorsarearangeofoilpaintsthatcontaincadmium,atoxicheavymetal,whichgivesthemtheirbrightandvibranthues.Theyareoftenusedfortheirintensecolorandopacity.23.Umber（烏賊棕）24.Turpentine（松節(jié)油）Turpentineisavolatilesolventderivedfromtheresinofpinetrees.It'susedtothinoilpaints,cleanbrushes,andspeedupthedryingtimeofthepaint.25.Resin（樹脂）26.SolventFreePainting（無溶劑繪畫）Solventfreepaintingisatechniquethatavoidstheuseoftraditionalsolventsliketurpentine,optinginsteadfornontoxicalternativessuchaswalnutoilorwaterbasedmediumsforhealthandenvironmentalreasons.27.ColdWaxMedium（冷蠟媒介劑）Coldwaxmediumisasemisolidpastemadefrombeeswaxandasolvent.Itcanbemixedwithoilpainttocreateamattingeffect,increasetexture,andextendthedryingtime.28.fatoverlean（肥蓋瘦原則）The"fatoverlean"ruleisafundamentalprincipleinoilpaintingthatdictatestheorderinwhichlayersofpaintshouldbeapplied.Itmeansthateachnewlayerofpaintshouldbefatter(moreoilormedium)thanthelayerbeneathittopreventcrackingandensureproperadhesion.29.wetonwet（濕上加濕技法）Wetonwetisapaintingtechniquewherefreshpaintisappliedontoanareaofthecanvasthathasnotyetdried.Thismethodallowsforseamlessblendingandsofttransitionsbetweencolors.30.impastotechnique（厚涂技法）Theimpastotechniqueisusedtocreatetextureanddepthonthecanvasapplyingthicklayersofpaint,oftenwithapaletteknifeorbrushstrokesthatarevisible,givingthepaintingasculpturalquality.31.drybrushtechnique（干刷技法）Thedrybrushtechniqueinvolvesusingabrushwithverylittlepaintonittocreateastreakedortexturedeffectonthecanvas.Thiscanbeusefulforaddingfinedetailsorsimulatethelookoftextureslikehairorfur.32.glazelayer（透明色層）Aglazelayerisathin,transparentcoatofpaintthatisappliedoveradrylayer.Glazescanaltertheappearanceofthecolorsbeneath,creatingaluminouseffectorintensifyingthetones.33.scumblelayer（干刷色層）Ascumblelayeriscreatedapplyingatranslucentorsemiopaquelayerofpaintoveradrylayerusingadrybrushorascrubbingmotion.Thiscansoftenedges,modifycolors,oraddasenseofatmosphericdepth.34.pentimenti（痕跡保留）35.opticalmixing（光學混合）Opticalmixingisacolortheorytechniquewheresmalldotsorstrokesofprimarycolorsareplacedclosetogether,andfromadistance,theyblendopticallyintheviewer'seyetocreateanewcolor.36.grisaille（單色畫法）Grisailleisamonochromaticpaintingtechniquethatusesshadesofgrayoranotherneutralcolortocreateanimage.Itcanbeusedasanunderpaintingforsubsequentcolorlayersorasafinishedworkinitsownright.37.hatching（交叉線陰影法）Hatchingisadrawingorpaintingtechniquewhereparallellinesaredrawncloselytogethertocreatetheillusionofshadeortexture.Crosshatching,avariation,involveslayeringlinesatdifferentanglestoenhancetheeffect.38.sfumatoblending（煙霧狀混合）Sfumatoblendingisatechniquethatinvolvesgentlyandsubtly