2022年安徽省六安市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級模擬考試(含答案)

2022年安徽省六安市大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英

語六級模擬考試（含答案）

學(xué)校:班級:姓名:考號:

一、l.Writing（10題）

1.Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthe

topicMyViewpointonUnemploymentofCollegeGraduates.Youshould

writeatleast150wordsaccordingtothesuggestionsgivenbelowinChinese:

1.大學(xué)生失業(yè)已經(jīng)成為嚴(yán)重的社會問題

2.大學(xué)生失業(yè)的原因

3.提出自己對待這個現(xiàn)象的看法和認(rèn)為的解決途徑

MyViewpointonUnemploymentofCollegeGraduates

2.Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopic

DoWeNeed"Nevergiveup"?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowing

theoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

1.“永不言棄，，一直被認(rèn)為是一種積極的生活態(tài)度，是個人成功的關(guān)鍵因

素

2.但是，也有人認(rèn)為適當(dāng)?shù)姆艞壊攀敲髦堑倪x擇

3.你對此的看法及理由

DoWeNeed"Nevergiveup"?

3.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealetterto

applyforaposition.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingthe

instructionsgivenbelow:

假如你叫方小宇，你在《北京青年報》看到以下招聘廣告，請就此寫一

封求職信：

x公司誠聘文秘一員，要求如下：

本科以上學(xué)歷；有良好的溝通和協(xié)調(diào)能力；精通英語和計算機者優(yōu)先。

應(yīng)聘者請將簡歷寄至：北京市中關(guān)村北路108號紫光大廈人力資源部,

郵編100081

4.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay

entitledOntheAdaptationoftheClassics.Youshouldwriteatleast150words

followingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.近來，許多經(jīng)典名著被改寫成各種版本以供大眾娛樂

2.這種現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因

3.我的看法

OntheAdaptationoftheClassics

5.Direction:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowritea

compositiononthetopicHarmfulnessofFakeCommodities.Youshould

writeatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline

(giveninChinese)below.

1.目前社會上有不少假冒偽劣商品(fakecommodities)。為什么會有這種

現(xiàn)象？

2.舉例說明假冒偽劣商品對消費者個人、社會的危害。

6.Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitled

ShouldWeAbolishtheOne-ChildPolicy?Youshouldwriteatleast150

wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.有人贊成現(xiàn)在廢除獨生子女政策

2.有人則表示反對

3.我的看法

ShouldWeAbolishtheOne-ChildPolicy?

7.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacomposition

onthetopic"AFewRe.marksonCompetition".Yourcompositionshouldbe

nolessthan150wordsandbaseontheoutline(giveninChinese)below.

1.競爭是存在于當(dāng)今社會的普遍現(xiàn)象

2.競爭的好處

3.競爭的同時不要忘記合作

8.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay

entitledNatureorNurture.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingthe

outlinegivenbelow.

1.有些人認(rèn)為遺傳因素起決定作用；

2.也有人認(rèn)為環(huán)境影響作用更大；

3.你的觀點。

Infant

DailyLife

mortality

GNPperheadcalorieexpectancy

Countryratesper

(2000,$)supplyperatbirth

1000live

head(years)

biiths

Bangladesh46219225263

Bolivia245821076748

Egypt332329466840

Indonesia311723146531

U.S.A1877937817911

10.Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitled

ClassAttendance.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsaccordingtothe

outlinegivenbelowinChinese:

1.有人認(rèn)為大學(xué)生必須去上課

2.有人認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該強迫大學(xué)生上課

3.我認(rèn)為…

ClassAttendance

二、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(10題)

11.ForpeoplewhoplantodependonUIforaperiodoftime,theyshould

periodicallyinform,theunemploymentofficeabout.

12.Visawillintroduceanew"waveandpay”cardinLondonforpurchases

A.under$25B.under￡10C.abroadD.intraveling

13.

Theauthorthinksuchtaglineas"Steaksauceonlyacowcouldhate,'conveys

anegativefeelinghardy.

14.WithincreasingpopularityofdigitalTVandset-topboxes,thedebateon

publicfundingfortheBBCis.

15.Fromherresearch,SusanD.Blumsetouttounderstandthatstudentsare

A.havinganewunderstandingofcreatingandquoting

B.noteasytogetaccesstotheauthorship

C.onthewaytoacceptnewnotionofauthorship

0.tryingtoredefinethenotionofauthorship

16.

Undertheinfluenceofhightemperatureandmuchdamagecausedbythe

human,Earthandlifewill.

17.

Fiber-opticsystemshouldbebackedupby.

18.

Theweatherconditionforacertainplaceorcountrywillverylikelyvary

everyyear.

A.YB.NC.NG

19.

Educationhaschangedenough,soitwillnotchangedanymore.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.

RiceisoneofthemajorGMcropscontaininggeneswhichhelptoeitherresist

insectortolerateweed-killingherbicides.

A.YB.NC.NG

三、3.ListeningComprehension。0題)

21.(26)

A.Shethinkstheyareimpractical.

B.Shethinkstheyareusefulbuttooexpensive.

C.Shethinkstheyarefeasible.

D.Shethinkstheyarenotinstructiveenough.

22.(32)

A.Artificialhearts.

B.Telescopes.

C.Microscopes.

D.Radiotelescopes.

23.聽力原文：W:I'mreallylookingforwardtothistripwithourgeology

class.ButI'mnotcertainIhavethestrengthtocarryabackpackupanddown

themountain,especiallywhenit'sfulloftools.

M:Theyaretakingtwodonkeystocarrythetools.Wejusthavetocarryour

personalitems,theclothingandsleepingbags.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

(17)

A.Hedoesn'tknowwhattoolstobring.

B.Hedoesn'tmindhelpingthewoman.

C.Thewomanwon'thavetocarrytools.

D.Thedonkeyswillcarrythewoman'spersonalitems.

24.聽力原文：M:IamjustwritingMaryaboutourvacation.Whydon'tyou

enclosethispictureofusinfrontoftheGrandCanyon?

W:Don'tyouthinkit'salittleoutoffocus?

Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?

(13)

A.Thephotographisnotgoodenoughtosend.

B.ThephotographwasnottakenattheGrandCanyon.

C.TheyalreadysentMaryaphotographoftheirvacation.

D.Sendingpicturesthroughthemailistooexpensive.

25.

[B6]

26.(29)

A.Time.B.Memoiy.C.Habit.D.Textbook.

27.

[B9]

28.(15)

A.Thereisacaraccidentonthehighway,butnobodygetshurt.

B.Theladyinthecarshouldbesenttohospitalimmediately.

C.Anambulanceissentbecauseapersongetsbadlyhurt.

D.Acarbrokedownandhastostayonthehighway.

29.

[B4]

30.聽力原文：W:Iwonderwhatmakesmothersoupsetthesedays.

M:Fatherwouldliketoaffordanewvillainthefarawaysuburbs,whichgoes

againstherwishes.And,whatismore,heturnsadeafeartoherwords.

Q:Whyismotherveryunhappyrecently?

(16)

A.Shewantstoliveinthesuburbs.

B.Sheisoffendedbyhernaughtychildren.

C.Shedisagreeswithfather.

D.Sheturnsadeafeartoherhusband'swords.

四、4.ReadingComprehension（ReadinginDepth）（3題）

31.Superfastbroadbanddeliveredbyfibresavesusersofinstant

communicationfromdelayswhich

32.

[C4]

33.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedby

somequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefour

choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

OneAprilSaturdayin1965,aneconomistattheAmericanStockExchange

wastakenbyafriendtoanorchestralrehearsal（管弦樂隊排演）.Hewatched

impassivelyasLeopoldstop-startedlyconductedGustavMahler'sSymphony

No.2allafternoon.Theeconomistthoughtlittleofituntillaterthatnight,

when,sleeplessly,hetossedandturned,hauntedbythemusichehadheard.

Nextmorningheboughtaticketandattheconcert"justfoundmyselfsobbing,

absolutelyexcited11.

Theyoungmanwasabouttolaunchapublishingbusinessand,withit,to

defineanoccupation.With$100,000borrowedfromGeraldBronfman,a

whiskygiant,and$50,000frombanks,friendsandhisownsavings,Gilbert

Kaplan,24yearsold,foundedInstitutionalInvestor,amonthlymagazinethat

broughttogetherbankers,analystsandmoneymanagers.Itquicklybecame

anessentialmeansofcommunicationforfinanciers,attracting150,000

subscribersin140countries.Beforethe1960swereoverMr.Kaplanwasa

millionaireandonfirst-nametermswithfinanceministersandinternational

banker.

ButMahler'ssymphonywouldnotlethimrest.Overthenextfewyearshe

attendedeveryperformancewithinreach,methisfuturewifeintheadjacent

seatatLondon'sRoyalFestivalHalland,astheobsessionintensified,took18

monthsoffworktostudythescoreanddiscussitwithsuchleading

interpreters.InSeptember1982,afteranInternationalMonetaryFundsummit,

heputhisreputationonthelinebyconductingtheAmericanSymphony

Orchestrainaprivateperformanceforfinanciersandpoliticiansatthe

LincolnCentre.

Mahler'ssecondsymphony,knownasthe"Resurrection（復(fù)蘇）"forits

excitingchoralclimaxandtheologicaltheme,isoneofthetrickiestworksin

theperformingfield,a90-minuteepicinvolvingahugeorchestra,chorus,two

soloistsandaninvisibleoffstagegroupthatseldomcomeinoncue.

Discussingthepurposeoflifeonearth,itsclumsinessregularlydefeatsthe

besteffortsoffamousmasters.Forarankamateurtoaccomplisha

performancewithoutbreakingdownwasequaltoamusicalrevolution.

PrivatelyMr.Kaplannowadmitsthatifthemusicianshadfailedtorespond

tohisbeatorthemusicfellapart（asitsometimesdoesinthebestofhands）,

hisfallbackplanwastoturnaroundtotheaudienceandannounce:*'Ladies

andgentlemen,dinnerisserved.n

WhatwasGilbertKaplan'sattitudewhenhefirstwatchedtheGustavMahler's

Symphony?

A.Hethoughtitwasimpressive.

B.Heshowednosignoffeeling.

C.Hewasfullofenthusiasm.

D.Hefeltdeeplyinloveofit.

五、5.ErrorCorrection?題）

34.

[S6]

35.

[S2]

36.

[S10]

六、6.ErrorCorrection。題）

37.

[S8]

38.

[S10]

39.

[S7]

參考答案

l.MyViewpointonUnemploymentofCollegeGraduatesWiththepolicyof

expandingrecruitmentofhighereducationandfiercecompetitionofjob-

huntingmarkettheunemploymentofcollegegraduationisbecomingthehot

issueMyViewpointonUnemploymentofCollegeGraduatesWiththepolicy

ofexpandingrecruitmentofhighereducationandfiercecompetitionofjob-

huntingmarket,theunemploymentofcollegegraduationisbecomingthehot

issue

2.DoWeNeed"Nevergiveup"?Itiswidelyacceptedthat"NevergiveupMa

strongandpositivelifeattitudeisthekeyforindividualsuccessonthe

groundsthatpermanentpersistencemayboostourconfidencestrDoWeNeed

"Nevergiveup"?Itiswidelyacceptedthat"Nevergiveup”，astrongand

positivelifeattitude,isthekeyforindividualsuccessonthegroundsthat

permanentpersistencemayboostourconfidence,str

3.FangXiaoyuRoom323No.7BuildingNo.1037LongshanRoadWuhan

430074DepartmentofHumanResourcesZiguangBuildingNo.108

ZhongguancunNorthRoadBeijing100081DearSirorMadamIlearnedfrom

BeijingYouthDailyonDec.2ndthatyourcompanyisofferingapositionfor

asecretaryandit'sagreatpleasureformetowritetoexplorethepossibility

ofseekingthejob.IgraduatedtwoyearsagofromPekingUniversityand

obtainedabachelor'sdegreeinbusinessmanagement.Duringmystayinthe

universitymymajorcoursesincludedeconomicsmarketingandcomputer

applications.Iwasespeciallyfondofthecommunicationskillswhichenabled

metodealwithpeopleandthingsaroundwell.InadditionIpassedCET-6

withahighscoreandcanspeakEnglishfluently.BeforegraduationIwas

engagedwithP&GBeijingBranchasanassistanttotheheadofMarketing

Department.Thetwo-yearexperiencehelpsmealotinmanyways.In

particularIbecomeincreasinglyawareoftheimportanceofcooperation

amongco-workers.Ialsobelievetheexperiencewillqualifymeforthe

currentvacancyinyourcompany.Ienclosehereinmyresumeandsome

relevantdocumentsasrequired.Iappreciateyourkindconsiderationofme

andIamlookingforwardtoanearlyinterviewwithyou.SincerelyyoursFang

XiaoyuFangXiaoyuRoom323,No.7BuildingNo.1037,LongshanRoad

Wuhan,430074DepartmentofHumanResourcesZiguangBuildingNo.108,

ZhongguancunNorthRoadBeijing,100081DearSirorMadam,Ilearned

fromBeijingYouthDailyonDec.2ndthatyourcompanyisofferinga

positionforasecretary,andit*sagreatpleasureformetowritetoexplorethe

possibilityofseekingthejob.IgraduatedtwoyearsagofromPeking

University,andobtainedabachelor'sdegreeinbusinessmanagement.During

mystayintheuniversity,mymajorcoursesincludedeconomics,marketing

andcomputerapplications.Iwasespeciallyfondofthecommunicationskills

whichenabledmetodealwithpeopleandthingsaroundwell.Inaddition,I

passedCET-6withahighscoreandcanspeakEnglishfluently.Before

graduationIwasengagedwithP&GBeijingBranchasanassistanttothehead

ofMarketingDepartment.Thetwo-yearexperiencehelpsmealotinmany

ways.Inparticular,Ibecomeincreasinglyawareoftheimportanceof

cooperationamongco-workers.Ialsobelievetheexperiencewillqualifyme

forthecurrentvacancyinyourcompany.Ienclosehereinmyresumeand

somerelevantdocumentsasrequired.Iappreciateyourkindconsiderationof

me,andIamlookingforwardtoanearlyinterviewwithyou.Sincerelyyours,

FangXiaoyu解析：寫作提示：應(yīng)用文寫作具有很強的實用性，在歷年

考試中也有涉及。此篇作文要求考生就招聘廣告寫一封求職信。寫作時

首先應(yīng)指出從報紙上看到招聘信息，并表達自己對這個職位很感興趣：

第二段可以詳細(xì)介紹自己的情況，如自己的教育情況和知識技能等；第

三段可以介紹自己的相關(guān)工作經(jīng)驗，強調(diào)自己有能力勝任這項工作；最

后一段可以講自己隨信寄出簡歷，并渴望有面試的機會。當(dāng)然，還有一

點需要重點注意的就是書信的格式。

4.[1]Inrecentyearsmanyclassicalworkshavebeenadaptedintopopular

versionsinordertoentertainthepeople.[2]Someareadaptedintocartoons

othersareadaptedintofilmsTVprogramsorelectronicgames.[3]Thereare

severalreasons[l]Inrecentyears,manyclassicalworkshavebeenadapted

intopopularversionsinordertoentertainthepeople.[2]Someareadapted

intocartoons,othersareadaptedintofilms,TVprograms,orelectronicgames.

[3]Thereareseveralreasons解析：作文標(biāo)題是“論名著的改編”，根據(jù)

outline的要求，文章的重點應(yīng)該放在分析這種“名著改編熱”現(xiàn)象背后的

原因上。這是典型的“簡要介紹社會現(xiàn)象一分析現(xiàn)象背后的原因一發(fā)表

自己對這種現(xiàn)象的看法”類作文。

為什么有這么多名著被改編?要說清背后的理由，不是一件容易的事、準(zhǔn)

備動筆前，一定先列出幾條理由來，然后對這些理由加以整合。范文從

3個方面分析理由：首先，隨著時代（技術(shù)）進步，一些新媒體應(yīng)運而生，

人們有一種通過這些新媒介了解傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)典的愿望，所以就會有名著的改

編；最后，人們改編經(jīng)典可以滿足不同背景的人們的需要。

AnalySiS

[1]介紹名著改編熱這種社會現(xiàn)象。

[2]具體說明改編的方式，（十）“電影、電視、網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲”為代表，內(nèi)容具

體，更有說服力。

[3]弓I導(dǎo)原因的常用句型。

[4][5]first,second引出不同理由的常用信號問，層次分明。

[4]從新媒介的山現(xiàn)說明改編之必要。

[5]從不同讀者需要的角度說明名著改編之必要。

5.HarmfulnessofFakeCommoditiesNowadaysthemarketisinfestedwith

fakecommodities.Fakegoodsandclothesfakecigarettesanddrinksfake

electricalappliancespiratedbooksanddiscs...thelistcangoonandon.Why

aretheresomanyfakegoods?Theanswertothequestionliesinpeople's

greedformoney.Theproducersoffakegoodswanttoamassabigfortunein

ashorttimethesellerswanttogetsomeillegalprofitswhereassomeofthe

consumerswanttopurchasesomecheapgoodsandsatisfytheirownvanity.

Fakecommoditiescandogreatharmtobothconsumersandoursociety.

Supposeyoubuyafakepairofleathershoestheymaycauseinconvenience

andawasteofmoney.Ifyoubuysomefakemedicinetheconsequencecan

befatal.Itwasreportedthatfakebrandliquorhadcausedhundredsofpeople

tobecomeblind.Tosumupfakecommoditieshaveclonelotsofharmto

people'shealthandupsetthefairlycompetitivemarketinthelongrumthey

willcorruptpeople'smoralityanderodetrust.Soweshouldtakeeverystep

tobantheproductionandsaleoffakecommodities.HarmfulnessofFake

CommoditiesNowadaysthemarketisinfestedwithfakecommodities.Fake

goodsandclothes,fakecigarettesanddrinks,fakeelectricalappliances,

piratedbooksanddiscs...thelistcangoonandon.Whyaretheresomany

fakegoods?Theanswertothequestionliesinpeople'sgreedformoney.The

producersoffakegoodswanttoamassabigfortuneinashorttime,thesellers

wanttogetsomeillegalprofits,whereassomeoftheconsumerswantto

purchasesomecheapgoodsandsatisfytheirownvanity.Fakecommodities

candogreatharmtobothconsumersandoursociety.Supposeyoubuyafake

pairofleathershoes,theymaycauseinconvenienceandawasteofmoney.If

youbuysomefakemedicine,theconsequencecanbefatal.Itwasreported

thatfakebrandliquorhadcausedhundredsofpeopletobecomeblind.Tosum

up,fakecommoditieshaveclonelotsofharmtopeople'shealthandupsetthe

fairlycompetitivemarket,inthelongrumtheywillcorruptpeople'smorality

anderodetrust.Soweshouldtakeeverysteptobantheproductionandsale

offakecommodities.

6.ShouldWeAbolishtheOne-ChildPolicy?Inrecentyearsdebatehasbeen

growingoverwhethertheone-childpolicyshouldbeabolished.Somepeople

maintainthatitshouldbeabolishedasithasresultedinmanyproblems.For

exampleithascontributedtotheshortageofmigrantworkersinbigcities

whichwillslowthedevelopmentoftheeconomy.Birthcontrolhasledto

genderbalancetoowhichisaveryserioussocialproblemnow.Opponents

howeverinsistthatweshouldstickwiththeone-childpolicy.Theysaythat

thecurrentfamilyplanningpolicyformedasaresultofgradualchangesin

thepasttwodecadeshasprovedcompatiblewithnationalconditions.Besides

200millionpeoplewouldenterchildbearingageduringthenextdecade.

Givensuchalargepopulationbasetherewouldbemajorfluctuationsin

populationgrowthifweabandonedtheone-childrulenow.Inmyopinionthe

one-childpolicyshouldbekeptunchangedatthistimetoensurestableand

balancedpopulationgrowth.Howeveritisadvisablethatthegovernment

shouldgraduallyrelaxregulationsforexamplebyallowingtwoonly-children

toeachhavetwooffspring.Thiswouldbefaireasytoenforceandwouldalso

helptorebalancethepopulation.ShouldWeAbolishtheOne-ChildPolicy?In

recentyears,debatehasbeengrowingoverwhethertheone-childpolicy

shouldbeabolished.Somepeoplemaintainthatitshouldbeabolishedasit

hasresultedinmanyproblems.Forexample,ithascontributedtotheshortage

ofmigrantworkersinbigcities,whichwillslowthedevelopmentofthe

economy.Birthcontrolhasledtogenderbalancetoo,whichisaveryserious

socialproblemnow.Opponents,however,insistthatweshouldstickwiththe

one-childpolicy.Theysaythatthecurrentfamilyplanningpolicy,formedas

aresultofgradualchangesinthepasttwodecades,hasprovedcompatible

withnationalconditions.Besides,200millionpeoplewouldenter

childbearingageduringthenextdecade.Givensuchalargepopulationbase,

therewouldbemajorfluctuationsinpopulationgrowthifweabandonedthe

one-childrulenow.Inmyopinion,theone-childpolicyshouldbekept

unchangedatthistimetoensurestableandbalancedpopulationgrowth.

However,itisadvisablethatthegovernmentshouldgraduallyrelax

regulations,forexamplebyallowingtwoonly-childrentoeachhavetwo

offspring.Thiswouldbefair,easytoenforceandwouldalsohelptorebalance

thepopulation.

7.AFewRemarksonCompetitionInourmodernsocietyyoumayfeel

competitioneverywhere.Tileathletesforexamplefightwitheachotherfor

championships.Thestudentscompeteforprizesandscholarshipsatschool.

Theunemployedstruggleforanyopportunitiesavailableinthejobmarket.

Andeverydayinthebusinessworldthefiercestcompetitionistakingplace

aseachenterprisetriestogetabiggersliceofthemarket.Hardascompetition

isithascertainadvantagesaswell.Firstlyitprovidescitizenswhateversocial

statustheyhavewithopportunitiestoachievetheirgoals.Everyonewithhis

owneffortsisequalonthewaytosuccess.Secondlypeopleusuallyfeel

stimulatedbythechallengesfromrivals.Undercompetitiononeturnsoutto

bemoreactiveandefficient.Furthermorecompetitiongivesimpetustothe

fastdevelopmentofthemodernworldinwhicheachpersonshowsgreater

initiativeatwork.Howeveracompetitivesocietycanneverneglectthe

importanceofcooperationforcompetitiondoesnotmeantheisolationfrom

others.Infactrightcooperationwithotherpeoplewillmakewiserandmore

effectiveuseofourintelligenceandenergyandthusincreasetheforcefulness

ofcom-petition.AFewRemarksonCompetitionInourmodernsocietyyou

mayfeelcompetitioneverywhere.Tileathletes,forexample,fightwitheach

otherforchampionships.Thestudentscompeteforprizesandscholarshipsat

school.Theunemployedstruggleforanyopportunitiesavailableinthejob

market.Andeverydayinthebusinessworldthefiercestcompetitionistaking

placeaseachenterprisetriestogetabiggersliceofthemarket.Hardas

competitionis,ithascertainadvantagesaswell.Firstly,itprovidescitizens,

whateversocialstatustheyhave,withopportunitiestoachievetheirgoals.

Everyonewithhisowneffortsisequalonthewaytosuccess.Secondly,

peopleusuallyfeelstimulatedbythechallengesfromrivals.Under

competitiononeturnsouttobemoreactiveandefficient.Furthermore,

competitiongivesimpetustothefastdevelopmentofthemodernworld,in

whicheachpersonshowsgreaterinitiativeatwork.However,acompetitive

societycanneverneglecttheimportanceofcooperation,forcompetitiondoes

notmeantheisolationfromothers.Infact,rightcooperationwithotherpeople

willmakewiserandmoreeffectiveuseofourintelligenceandenergy,and

thusincreasetheforcefulnessofcom-petition.

8.NatureorNurture?Todaythewayweconsiderhumanpsychologyand

mentaldevelopmentisheavilydeterminedbythegeneticsciences.Wenow

understandtheimportanceofinheritedcharacteristicsmorethaneverbefore.

Yetwearestillunabletodecidewhetheranindividual'spersonalityand

developmentaremoreinfluencedbygeneticfactors(nature)orbythe

environment(nurture).Researchrelatingtoidenticaltwinshashighlighted

howsignificantinheritedcharacteristicscanbeforanindividual'slife.But

whetherthesecharacteristicsareabletodevelopwithinthepersonalityofan

individualsurelydependsonwhetherthecircumstancesallowsucha

development.Itseemsthattheexperienceswehaveinlifeareso

unpredictableandsopowerfulthattheycanboostorover-rideother

influencesandthereseemstobeplentyofresearchfindingstoconfirmthis.

Myownviewisthatthereisnoonemajorinfluenceinaperson'slife.Instead

thetraitsweinheritfromourparentsandthesituationandexperiencesthat

weencounterinlifeareconstantlyinteracting.Itistheinteractionofthetwo

thatshapesaperson'spersonalityanddictateshowthatpersonalitydevelops.

Ifthiswerenottruewewouldbeabletopredictthebehaviorandcharacterof

apersonfromthemomenttheywereborn.InconclusionIdonotthinkthat

eithernatureornurtureisthemajorinfluenceonapersonbutthatbothhave

powerfuleffects.NatureorNurture?Todaythewayweconsiderhuman

psychologyandmentaldevelopmentisheavilydeterminedbythegenetic

sciences.Wenowunderstandtheimportanceofinheritedcharacteristicsmore

thaneverbefore.YetwearestillunabletodecidewhetheranindividuaFs

personalityanddevelopmentaremoreinfluencedbygeneticfactors(nature)

orbytheenvironment(nurture).Research,relatingtoidenticaltwins,has

highlightedhowsignificantinheritedcharacteristicscanbeforanindividuaFs

life.Butwhetherthesecharacteristicsareabletodevelopwithinthe

personalityofanindividualsurelydependsonwhetherthecircumstances

allowsuchadevelopment.Itseemsthattheexperienceswehaveinlifeare

sounpredictableandsopowerful,thattheycanboostorover-rideother

influences,andthereseemstobeplentyofresearchfindingstoconfirmthis.

Myownviewisthatthereisnoonemajorinfluenceinaperson'slife.Instead,

thetraitsweinheritfromourparentsandthesituationandexperiencesthat

weencounterinlifeareconstantlyinteracting.Itistheinteractionofthetwo

thatshapesaperson'spersonalityanddictateshowthatpersonalitydevelops.

Ifthiswerenottrue,wewouldbeabletopredictthebehavior,andcharacter

ofapersonfromthemomenttheywereborn.Inconclusion,Idonotthink

thateithernatureornurtureisthemajorinfluenceonaperson,butthatboth

havepowerfuleffects.

9.Thetableusesfourbroadeconomicindicatorstoshowthestandardofliving

infiveselectedcountriesin2000includingboththemostdevelopednationin

theworldandsomeofthemuchlessdevelopednations.Ascanbeseenfrom

thestatisticstheU.S.A.-oneoftherichestcountriesintheworld-hadthe

highestGNPanddailycalorieintakethelongestlifeexpectancyandthe

lowestinfantmortalityrate.Theotherdevelopingcountrieshada

considerablylowerqualityoflife.EgyptIndonesiaandBoliviaweresimilar

intheirrangeofindicatorswithEgypthavingthehighestqualityoflifeamong

thethree.HoweverEgypfsinfantmortalityratewasslightlyhigherthan

Indonesia'sat40deathsper1000comparedto31inIndonesia.Bangladesh

hadbyfarthelowestqualityoflifeinallthefourindicators.ItsGNPwas

onlyaboutone-fortieththatoftheU.S.A.Thefigureintermsofthedaily

caloriesupplyperheadinBangladeshisthehalfofthatinU.S.A,andits

infantmortalityratewas6timesgreater.Inconclusionitcanbeseenfromthe

economicindicatorsthatthefourdevelopingcountrieshavealongwaytogo

beforereachingthesamelevelofqualityoflifeastheU.S.A.Atthesame

timetheU.S.A,hastheresponsibilitytohelptheothercountriestodevelop

theireconomiesandimprovetheirpeople'slivingstandards.Thetableuses

fourbroadeconomicindicatorstoshowthestandardoflivinginfiveselected

countriesin2000,includingboththemostdevelopednationintheworldand

someofthemuchlessdevelopednations.Ascanbeseenfromthestatistics,

theU.S.A.-oneoftherichestcountriesintheworld-hadthehighestGNPand

dailycalorieintake,thelongestlifeexpectancyandthelowestinfantmortality

rate.Theotherdevelopingcountrieshadaconsiderablylowerqualityoflife.

Egypt,IndonesiaandBoliviaweresimilarintheirrangeofindicators,with

Egypthavingthehighestqualityoflifeamongthethree.However,Egypt's

infantmortalityratewasslightlyhigherthanIndonesia's,at40deathsper

1,000comparedto31inIndonesia.Bangladeshhadbyfarthelowestquality

oflifeinallthefourindicators.ItsGNPwasonlyaboutone-fortieththatof

theU.S.A.Thefigureintermsofthedailycaloriesupplyperheadin

BangladeshisthehalfofthatinU.S.A.,anditsinfantmortalityratewas6

timesgreater.Inconclusion,itcanbeseenfromtheeconomicindicatorsthat

thefourdevelopingc