高考英語聽力解題法則之結(jié)構(gòu)法則（Ⅰ）

PAGE1PAGE高考英語聽力解題法則Ⅱ——結(jié)構(gòu)法則（Ⅰ）一：基礎方法論述在高考聽力考試中,我們從卷面上能看到每道題的題目及選項,因此,根據(jù)選項及題目推測問題的內(nèi)容就顯得尤為重要。通過分析選項我們發(fā)現(xiàn),三個選項的結(jié)構(gòu)或句式基本一致,且都有一些共同的規(guī)律。利用這些選項特點,再結(jié)合選項中的關鍵詞語,我們可以預測出問題是針對什么提問的,并以此來判斷我們的聽音重點在哪里。下面是幾種常見的選項結(jié)構(gòu)特點、不同選項的考查類型以及相應的聽音重點:選項結(jié)構(gòu)考察類型聽音重點動詞原形建議或計劃建議處、計劃處.時間處、問答處、結(jié)尾處動詞不定式原因或目的因果處、情態(tài)動詞處(動)名詞(詞組)主旨或細節(jié)開頭處、結(jié)尾處、比較處、舉例處、并列處、轉(zhuǎn)折處、相關細節(jié)處完整的句子某事的原因或綜合理解因果處、轉(zhuǎn)折處、比較處、引言處二：例題講解及思路分析例題Ⅰ：選項均以動詞原形開頭如果選項均以動詞原形開頭,問題可能考查某人的計劃或建議,聽錄音時應留意表示“行為動作”的詞語以及含有should、suggest、may等表示建議的關鍵詞。以長對話為例1：Whatdoesthewomansayshewillpossiblydotomorrow?選項分析AMakeinquirieswithsomeothercompanies.選項結(jié)構(gòu)動詞原形開頭BReporttheinformationtohersuperior考查類型某人的計劃或下一步的打算CRingbackwhenshecomestoadecision.聽音重點對話中表示將來時間的地方或者含有should、may等表示建議的關鍵詞的地方聽力原文及翻譯呈現(xiàn)：….M:Ohdear.Thegirlwhotakesordersforallthosesuppliesisn'therethismorning.SoIcan'ttakethoseordersforyou.Ionlydotheequipment,yousee.W:OK,well,perhapsI'llringbacktomorrow.….譯文：M：哦，天哪。今天早上，那個接受所有這些用品訂單的女孩不在這里。所以我不能替你接受這些訂單。我只做設備，你看。W：好吧，好吧，也許我明天會回電話。根據(jù)原文分析：答案選擇C項例題Ⅱ：選項均為動詞不定式我們都知道,帶有to的不定式往往表示目的,因此,如果選項均為動詞不定式短語的話,題目往往考查某人做某事的原因或目的,聽錄音時要留意出現(xiàn)because、thus、sothat、inordertowant.need等詞語的地方。2：Whatisthewoman'spurposeinmakingthephonecall?選項分析AToplaceanorder選項結(jié)構(gòu)動詞不定式BToapplyforajob.考查類型某人做某事的目的CToreturnsomegoods.聽音重點聽錄音時要留意對話中出現(xiàn)want.need等詞的地方聽力原文及翻譯呈現(xiàn)：M:Hello.Yes?W.Hello.Isthatthesalesdepartment?M:Yes,itis.W:Oh,well.MynameisJaneKingsburyofGPFlimited.Ah,weneedsomesuppliesforourdesignoffice...Whatisthewoman'spurposeinmakingthephonecall?譯文：M：你好。是的？W.你好。那是銷售部門嗎？M：是的。W：哦，好吧。我的名字是GPF有限公司的JaneKingsbury。啊，我們的設計辦公室需要一些用品根據(jù)原文分析：答案選擇A項例題Ⅲ：選項均為(動)名詞(詞組)如果選項均為概括性較強的(動)名詞(詞組),且各選項內(nèi)容差異較大,問題可能考查對話所談論的主題或短文的中心議題,聽錄音時要注意捕捉與話題相關的關鍵詞語并進行概括。如果選項的概括性不強,又比較具體,那么問題一般是考查聽力材料中的某個細節(jié)。3：WhatcausetheUSgovernmenttoabandontheAirlander10asaspyaircraft?選項分析AEngineeringproblems選項結(jié)構(gòu)名詞詞組，且內(nèi)容互不相關BTheairpollutionitproduced.考查類型對某一細節(jié)的捕捉CInadequatefunding聽音重點根據(jù)“所聽即所得”原則，聽錄音時留意四個選項中的中心名詞聽力原文及翻譯呈現(xiàn)：Theaircraftismassive-aslongasafootballfieldandastallassixdoubledeckerbusesandcapableofflyingforuptofivedays.ItwasfirstdevelopedfortheUSgovernmentasalong-rangespyaircraft,butwasabandonedfollowingbudgetcutbacks..譯文：這架飛機很大，像足球場一樣長，有六輛雙層巴士那么高，能夠飛行長達五天。它最初是為美國政府開發(fā)的遠程間諜飛機，但在預算削減后被放棄。.根據(jù)原文分析：答案選擇C項例題Ⅳ：選項均為完整的句子如果選項均為完整的句子,通常要結(jié)合各選項語義來判斷問題的內(nèi)容。如果四個選項描述了某一事物的相關細節(jié),那么題目可能考查對某事物細節(jié)信息的捕捉。需要注意的是,聽力考試中的原因目的題的選項往往是省略了because的句子,我們在分析選項語義的時候要尤為注意。4：Whydoesthemansuggestthewomanseetheworkerwhowaslate??選項分析ASheisatradeunionrepresentative.選項結(jié)構(gòu)四個選項均為完整的句子，且描述選項結(jié)構(gòu)了She的職位或能力BSheisinchargeofpublicrelations.考查類型She能做某事的原因CSheisbetterathandlingsuchmatters.聽音重點出現(xiàn)because的地方聽力原文及翻譯呈現(xiàn)：W:Well,whatdoyouwantmetodo?M.Iwaswonderingifyou'dseeSmith--themanwhowaslate-becauseyouaresomuchbetterathandlingthingslikethis.W:Oh,alright.I'llseehim...譯文：W：嗯，你想讓我做什么？M.我想知道你是否能看到史密斯——那個遲到的人——因為你好多了在處理這樣的事情時。W：哦，好吧。我會見到他的根據(jù)原文分析：答案選擇C項三：名校模擬題訓練PassageA2024屆重慶市西南大學附屬中學校高三11月模擬預聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whywasthemanlateforwork?A.Hewasstuckintraffic,B.Hehadatrafficaccident.C.Hiscarbrokedownontheroad.2.Whereisthewomanprobablyfrom?A.Peru. B.Britain. C.Mexico.3.Whatisthemandoing?A.Placinganorder,B.Complainingaboutanitem.C.Inquiringaboutadeliveryservice.4.WhatdoweknowaboutJim?A.Hehasaleginjury.B.Hewithdrewfromthefootballteam.C.Hespenthisholidaywithhisteammates.5.WhomightLilybe?A.Thewoman’sbabysitter. B.Thewoman’sboss. C.Thewoman’schild.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答吋間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatwasthewomandoingwhenitstartedraining?A.Shewaswalkinghome. B.Shewasplayingfootball, C.Shewaschattingwithafriend.7.Whatdidthewomanfailtodo?A.Findashelter B.Contacthermom, C.Seethelightning.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inthemorning. B.Atnoon. C.Intheafternoon.9.Whydoesn’tthemangototheconferenceroomnow?A.Heneedstomeettheclients.B.Heisworkingonanothertask.C.Hehascheckedtheheaterbefore.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Borrowingatent. B.Packingatent. C.Returningatent.11.Whatisthewoman’smotivationforclimbing?A.Tohavefun. B.Toimproveherfitness. C.Togetclosetonature.12.Wherewillthespeakersdorockclimbingtogether?A.Atagym. B.Inthewild C.Ataclimbingcenter.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whathappenedtothewomanatthebeginning?A.Shelostherphone.B.Shecouldn’tfindtheway.C.Shewastrappedinheavysnow.14.Whydidthewomanturnofftheengine?A.Thecarwasrunningoutofgas,B.Shestoppedtoansweracall.C.Theenginecouldn’tworkproperly.15.Howdidthewomankeepwarm?A.Bydrinkinghottea. B.Byusingthecarheater. C.Byhavingmoreclotheson.16.Whatdidtheemergencyservicesdo?A.Theycalledanambulance,B.Theyledthewomantoherhome.C.Theyhelpedthewomangotothemainroad.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whichrequirementisfirstmentioned?A.Theagelimit. B.Policerecords. C.References.18.Whocanbeareferencefortheapplicants?A.Policeofficers. B.Theirformerbosses. C.Theirrelatives.19.Whatshouldthereferencebeabout?A.Workperformance. B.Workhabits. C.Workexperience.20.Whatwillbeatthevolunteers1ownexpense?A.Dinners. B.Phonecalls. C.Transportation.參考答案：1—5：ABCAC 6—10：ACABC 11—15：BCBAC 16—20：CABBA聽力原文：Text1M:Gettingtoworkinthemorningseemstotakelongereachday.Iwaslateagainthismorning.W:Areyoustilldrivingin?M:Yes.Thetrafficwassobadinthemorning.It’sjustonetrafficjamafteranotherontheroad(1).Text2W:HaveyounoticedthatpeoplehereinMexicostandveryclosetogether?M:Yes.It’sthesameinPerutoo.W:It’stheoppositeinBritain.Iwasalittleuncomfortablehereatfirst(2).Butafterafewdays,I’mgellingusedtoit.Text3M:Hi,IorderedabookfromJustinLewisIasiweek.Iwaswonderingifithascomeinyet(3).MynameisPeterSchneider.W:Leimecheckitforyou,Mr.Schneider.Yes,thebookhasarrivedthismorningandshouldbereadyforyoutopickupthisafternoon.Text4W:HaveyouseenJimsinceithappened?M:Yes.Hewashopingtospendhisholidaytouringwithhisfootballteambuthehadtopullout.W:Whenwillhebeabletoplayagain?M:Ittakesmonthsforabrokenleglorecoverfully(4).Text5W:IwishIhadmoretimetospendwithLily.Shehastogotoababysittereverymorning.M:It’stoughwhenyouworksomuch.W:Well,sometimesIhavetoaskmybossforaleavelolookafterher(5).Text6M:Didyouseethatthunderstormyesterdayafternoon?Thelightningwasamazing.W:Iwaswalkinghomefromfootballpracticewhentherainstarted(6).M:Itwasreallyheavy.W:Yeah.WhenitbeganI’djustleftthesportscenter,soIwasabletogobackandtakecoverinside.IcalledmymumtosayI’dbehomelate.Anyway,Imetafriendwhowasstilltheresowejustchattedandwaitedtillitwasover.ShameImissedseeingthelightningthough(7).Iheardiiwasveryimpressive.Text7W:Oh,Jeremy,thereyouarc.HaveyouhadachancetocheckouttheproblemImentionedyesterday?Ithinkthere’sanissuewiththeheaterintheconferenceroom.M:Ah...notyet.I’vebeensettingupthenewworkspacesforthepart-timeworkerswerecentlyhired(9).W:I’mplanningtohostourvisitingclientsinthatroomthisafternoon,soI’llchangethelocationifit’sstillcoldinthere.M:OK,I’llgettotheconferenceroomassoonasIfinish.W:Great.Andletmeknowifitcan’tbefixedbynoon(8).Text8W:Thanksforlettingmeborrowthelent,Sam(10).M:Noproblem,Tara.Iwasworriedit’dbetoosmall.W:Itwasalittletightbutwemanaged.We’llhavetogetabigonefornexttime.Anyway,itwasagreatcampingtrip!M:Areyougoingagainsoon?W:No,we’repracticingourrockclimbingforalittlewhiletogetintoshape(11).M:It’sgreatforbuildingstrength!MeandShellydoiiattheclimbingcenterjustoutoftown.It’sfunsolvingthepuzzleofhowtogetup,andexcitingtoo!W:Truethat!Mygymhasapracticewallbutwe’dliketodoitinthewildoneday!M:IhaveaguideIcanrecommend.He’lltakeyoutothebestclimbingspotandithasalltheequipmenttoo!W:Great!Doyouwanttopracticetogether?M:Sure,I’mgoingwithShellyat6pmtonight.W:Excellent.I’llmeetyouatthecenterthen!(12)Text9M:SoOlivia,tellushowthathappened.W:Well,whenIwasdrivinginthemountainroad,Itookawrongturningandgotcompletelylost(13).M:Wasthatfrightening?W:Yeah.WhileIwastryingtodecidehowtogetbacktothemainroad,someheavysnowstartedcomingdown.M:Iwasquitecertainitwouldn’tlastlong.ItwasMarchinItaly.W:Iwasn’tworriedatfirst,butIdidn’thavemuchpetrolleftsoIswitchedofftheengine(14).Itriedtophoneforhelpbutcouldn’tgetthrough.M:Howdidyoustaywarm?Withthecarheater?W:ThatmeanthavingtheengineonsoIonlyuseditabit.InsteadIgotallofmyjumpersandtrousersfrommysuitcasesandworethemallnight(15).Iwasstillfrozen,though,andwishedIhadsomecoffeeorteawithme.M:Soyouspentthewholenightinsidethecar?W:Yes.Imanagedtocontacttheemergencyservicesfinally.Theyknewmylocationfrommyphonesignal.They’dcalledtoaskifIneededanambulanceandluckilyIdidn’tneedit,sotheyjustclearedthesnowandledmealongtheroadbacktothemainroad(16).Text10M:Continuingourbroadcastofpublicserviceannouncements,WorldwideHelpersannouncesupcomingopeningsforanumberofvolunteerworkerpositions.Allapplicantsmustmeetthefollowingrequirements.Firstofall,applicantsmustbeover18yearsofage(17).Thecompanyapologizes,buttherecanbenoexceptionstothisrule.Second,peopleinterestedinthesepositionsmaynothavepolicerecords.Aparkingticketandthingslikethatare,ofcourse,noproblem.Theemployerwill,ofcourse,checkwiththepolicetoconfirmyourcleanrecord.Inaddition,applicantsmustsupplyreferencesfrompastorpresentemployersorteachersalongwiththeirrecentCV(18).Thesereferencesmustberelevanttotheapplicant’sworkhabits(19).Remember,thesearereferencesfromemployersorteachers.AnotefromyourdearoldMumwon’tdo.WorldwideHelpersassuresmethattheywillcontactthesereferencestoconfirmtheyaregenuine.Althoughallpositionsarevolunteers,theemployerwillcoversomeofyourexpenses.Forexample,theywillpayfortransportationtoandfromthejobsite.Asidefromthat,thecostofphonecallsiscovered.ButI’msorrytosaythatyouhavetohavedinneratyourownhomePassageB山東省淄博市2023-2024學年高三上學期期中英語試題第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whydoesthewomancalltheman?A.Toplaceanorder. B.Toreportadelay C.Toarrangeadeliverydate.2.Whatdoesthewomanwantthemaitodo?A.Collectherbook. B.Lendherabook. C.Buysomejuice.3.Whatisthewomanlookingfor?A.Herhandbag. B.Herpassport. C.Herboardingpass4.Whatwilltheweatherprobablybelikethisafternoon?A.Rainy B.Foggy C.Sunny5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Atree. B.Asurvey C.Acountry第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Howwillthawomangotothemeetingcenter?A.Onfoot. B.Bycar. C.Bytaxi.7.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant. B.Inahotel. C.Atatrainstation.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatdidthewomandislikeabouttheconcert?A.Thevenue. B.Thesinger. CThemusic.9.Whatdidthespeakersthinkofthesupportbands?A.Moving B.Surprising. C.Disappointing聽第8段材料，回答第10至13題。10.Whatdoesthemanwanttodeliver?A.Somebooks. B.Somebrochures. C.SomeDVDs.11.HowlongwillittakethemantosenditbyAirmail?A.Twodays B.Threedays C.Withintwoweeks.12.HowmuchshouldthemanpayifheusesInternationalSignedFor?A.?9.50. B.?11.50. C.?13.50.13.Howwillthemandeliverhispackage?A.ByAirmail. B.ByAirSure. C.Bysurfacemail.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatisthemostdifficultthingforthemantoplayasuperhero?A.Keepinghisfigure. B.Rememberingthelines. C.Completingexcitingactions.15.Whendidthemanstartacting?A.Aftergettinghisfirstjob.B.Whenjoiningadramaclub.C.Beforestudyingatuniversity.16.Whatdidtheman'sbrothersliketodoatweekends?A.Playsports B.Watchfilms. C.Makeposters17.Whorunsabusinessintheman'sfamily?A.Hismother. B.Hisfather. C.Hisolderbrother.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatdidthespeakerwanttobeatfirst?A.Aresearchscientist. B.AnEnglishteacher. C.Adivinginstructor.19.Wheredidthespeakergorightafteruniversity?A.ToAustralia. B.ToJamaica. C.ToSouthAfrica.20.Howdomostcustomersknowthespeaker'scompany?A.Frommagazines B.OntheInternet. C.Throughwordofmouth.參考答案：1-5BACCB6-10ABACB11-15BABCA16-20ACACB聽力原文：Text1W:Hello.Myproductwassupposedtocomeby10:30.Iwaitedalldayfortheorder.Sowhatareyougoingtodoaboutit?M:We'reverysorry,madam.Pleasegiveusanotherhalfanhour.Text2W:HiJack.IhadsomejuiceinthecafethisafternoonandIthinkImayhaveleftmyhistorytextbookthere.Youlivenextdoor,socouldyoupopintomorrowmorningtogetitforme?M:Sure.Theteacherwillbeannoyedifyoudon'thaveitwithyou.Text3M:Itleavesinfiveminutes—surelyyouputitinsideyourpassport,likeyouusuallydo.W:Yeah.AndIalwayskeeptheminthesideofmyhandbag,buttheboardingpassisn'tthere.Text4M:Whatdoestheweatherforecastsay?W:There'squitealotoffogthismorningbutitshouldcleartogiveafinedayaroundmidday.Thenachangeaswemoveintotheweekend.Wecanexpectheavyrainasthecloudsmovein.Text5W:Didyouhearthatnewsitemthismorningaboutatreesurvey?M:Yes,itsaidthat70%ofcityschoolchildrencan'ttellthedifferencebetweencommontrees.Iknowloadsofdifferenttrees.W:Well,weliveinthecountry,soIsupposeit'seasierforus.Text6M:Goodmorning,ma'am.Howwasyourstay?W:Great,thanks.BeforeIcheckout,letmeaskyouradvice.WouldyousuggestIdrivetothemeetingcenterortakeacab?Idon'tknowifthere'sanyparkingthere.M:Actually,it'scloseenoughtowalk.Ifyouturnrightatthecornernexttotherestaurantandthengotwoblocks,you'llbethere.It'sjustpastthetrainstation.W:Wonderful!I'drathernotdrivearoundlookingforparkingorpaycabfare.Text7M:Whatdidyouthinkoftheconcertthen?Sawyouupthereonthebalcony.W:Itwasawesome—atleastSallyRydoutwas—butanold-fashionedtheatrewasafunnyplacetoholdarockconcert.Itwaslikeallgoldpaintandredcarpetseverywhere.M:Oh,Ithoughtthatwascool—anywayIgotmyticketathalfpricebecauseIboughtithalfanhourbeforetheconcertstarted.W:Ishouldhavedonethattoo.BecauseIdidn'tthinkthesupportbandswereuptomuchactually.M:No,sameoldstuff—gladIdidn'tpayfullprice!Text8M:Hello.I'dliketosendthispackagetoSwitzerland.W:Canyouputitonthescales,please?OK,sothat'sabout13pounds.That'llbef5.50bysurfacemail.Itshouldbethereinundertwoweeks.What'sinit,anyway?BooksorDVDs?M:Neither,somebrochuresforacolleague.Howlongwillittakebyairmail?W:Airmailwilltakethreedays.I'lljustchecktheprice…Oh,f6.00.Notmuchdifference.M:Oh,well,I'llsenditbyairmailthen.Isitsafe?Imean,thisisquiteimportant.W:Well,ifyouwantasignaturewhenit'sdelivered,youcansenditbyInternationalSignedFor.That'sanextra?3.50.M:IseeW:Or,foranextraf4.50,youcansenditbyAirsure.Thatmeansonlinetrackingforthewholejourney.It'sthemostsecurewaytosendit,andfastest,too.M:Oh,right.I'llsenditbythelastwayyousaid.Thequickest.Text9W:Martin,you'veplayedmanysuperheroesinthefilms.Whatisthehardestpartofplayingasuperhero?M:Well,youhavetobefittoplaytherole,butgettingyourbodyinshapeisn'tthehardestpart.It'smasteringallthatleaping,falling,turningandrollingthat'sactuallythetrickiest.W:Sohowdidyougetintoacting?M:I'dneverconsideredit.