北京市海淀區(qū)2024屆高三下學(xué)期二模試題 英語 含解析

海淀區(qū)2023—2024學(xué)年第二學(xué)期期末練習(xí)高三英語2024.05本試卷共10頁，100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Movementisourfirstlanguage;Ibelievewe’reborntodance.I’vealwayshadaspeciallikingfordance,andmyjob.Igotgreat___1___workinginthetherapeutic(治療的)world;itfeltmorelikeacalling.Ienjoyedeverymoment;mypurposeandmission___2___me.MyhighlightsarewhenI’vewitnessedoncedullandhopelesseyeslightupwhenthepersonfeltseen,heard,andaccepted.Then,illhealthstruck.Asmyhealthdeclinedprogressively,IhadtostopdoingwhatIloved.___3___,allIhadwasbeingabletofacilitatetheoccasionalworkshopwhenopportunityandenergyaligned(一致).Chronicfatiguesyndrome(慢性疲勞綜合癥)isamercilessbeast.In2020,theunimaginablehappened.Inadditiontosoul-destroyingfeelingofbeing___4___,Ibeganexperiencingfrequentvocalchallengesofvaryingdegrees.Icouldnolongeracceptfacilitationinvitationsbecausemy___5___wasnowunreliable.Igrieved,feelinglikeIwasbeingswallowedbyadamp,darkfog.Afteranextendedperiodofbeinginself-pity,I___6___mythinking.Ihaveinternalvalue.Myvalueoridentityisnot___7___bywhatIcanorcannotdo.Regardingmyhealthjourney,intime,I___8___this:itiswhatitis.Forthisseason,thisismypath.So,Istarteddancingagain.Lifeisfullofsurprises,pleasant,unpleasant,andneutral,yetwhatmattersishowwe___9___tothosesurprises.Despiteongoingvoicelossandhealthchallenges,Ifoundnewwaystomakeadifference.YouandImaynotbeabletochoosethe____10____lifeplaysforus;however,wedogettochoosehowwewilldancetoit.Maywedancewithstrength,courage,andgrace.1.A.fame B.surprise C.pleasure D.inspiration2.A.fuelled B.attracted C.instructed D.calmed3.A.Simply B.Particularly C.Eventually D.Apparently4.A.tired B.annoyed C.disappointed D.injured5.A.mind B.sight C.sense D.voice6.A.discovered B.adjusted C.abandoned D.controlled7.A.ignored B.selected C.defined D.assisted8.A.accepted B.recalled C.questioned D.expected9.A.refer B.appeal C.turn D.respond10.A.role B.music C.joke D.game【答案】1.C2.A3.C4.A5.D6.B7.C8.A9.D10.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是熱愛舞蹈和治療工作的作者的生活變遷和心路歷程?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我很高興在治療領(lǐng)域工作；這更像是一種召喚。A.fame名聲；B.surprise驚訝；C.pleasure快樂；D.inspiration靈感。根據(jù)下文“Ienjoyedeverymoment”可知，作者很高興能在治療領(lǐng)域里工作，空格處是“快樂”。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的目標(biāo)和使命激勵(lì)著我。A.fuelled刺激；B.attracted吸引；C.instructed指示；D.calmed使平靜。根據(jù)上文“itfeltmorelikeacalling”可知，作者覺得自己在治療領(lǐng)域工作像是一種召喚，由此可見，作者的目標(biāo)和使命激勵(lì)著作者。故選A?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：最終，我所能做的就是在機(jī)會(huì)和精力一致的時(shí)候，促成偶爾的研討會(huì)。A.Simply僅僅，只；B.Particularly特別，尤其；C.Eventually最終；D.Apparently顯然。根據(jù)下文“allIhadwasbeingabletofacilitatetheoccasionalworkshopwhenopportunityandenergyaligned”可知，空后內(nèi)容是作者最終得到的結(jié)果，因此空格處是“最終”。故選C。【4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：除了疲憊的靈魂毀滅感之外，我開始頻繁地經(jīng)歷不同程度的聲音挑戰(zhàn)。A.tired累的；B.annoyed生氣的；C.disappointed失望的；D.injured受傷的。根據(jù)上文“Chronicfatiguesyndrome(慢性疲勞綜合癥)isamercilessbeast”可知，作者得了慢性疲勞綜合癥，所以會(huì)覺得累。故選A。【5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我不能再接受邀請(qǐng)，因?yàn)槲业穆曇衄F(xiàn)在不可靠了。A.mind頭腦，大腦；B.sight視力，視覺；C.sense意義；D.voice嗓音，說話聲。根據(jù)上文“Ibeganexperiencingfrequentvocalchallengesofvaryingdegrees”可知，作者開始頻繁地經(jīng)歷不同程度的聲音挑戰(zhàn)，所以聲音不再可靠。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的自憐之后，我調(diào)整了自己的想法。A.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.adjusted調(diào)整；C.abandoned拋棄；D.controlled控制。根據(jù)下文“Ihaveinternalvalue”可知，作者在自憐之后開始調(diào)整自己的想法，認(rèn)識(shí)到了自己有內(nèi)部?jī)r(jià)值。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的價(jià)值或身份不是由我能做什么或不能做什么來定義的。A.ignored忽視；B.selected挑選；C.defined下定義；D.assisted幫助。根據(jù)上文“Ihaveinternalvalue”和下文“bywhatIcanorcannotdo”可知，作者覺得自己有內(nèi)部?jī)r(jià)值，作者的價(jià)值或身份不是由作者能做什么或不能做什么來定義的。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：關(guān)于我的健康之旅，我最終接受了這個(gè)事實(shí)：它就是這樣。A.accepted接受；B.recalled回想起；C.questioned質(zhì)疑；D.expected期待。根據(jù)下文“itiswhatitis.Forthisseason,thisismypath”可知，作者最終接受了“它就是這樣”的這個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：生活充滿了驚喜，愉快的，不愉快的，平淡無奇的，但重要的是我們?nèi)绾螒?yīng)對(duì)這些驚喜。A.refer提到，談及；B.appeal呼吁，懇求；C.turn轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；D.respond回答。根據(jù)下文“Despiteongoingvoicelossandhealthchallenges,Ifoundnewwaystomakeadifference”可知，作者找到了有所影響的新方法，因此作者想說的是生活充滿了驚喜，愉快的，不愉快的，平淡無奇的，但重要的是我們?nèi)绾螒?yīng)對(duì)這些驚喜。故選D。【10題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：你和我也許無法選擇生活為我們彈奏的音樂；然而，我們可以選擇如何隨它起舞。A.role角色；B.music音樂；C.joke玩笑；D.game游戲。根據(jù)下文“however,wedogettochoosehowwewilldancetoit”可知，跳舞是和著音樂跳舞的，因此此處表示“你和我也許無法選擇生活為我們彈奏的音樂”，因此空格處是“音樂”。故選B。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Nathen____11____(cycle)alongaremoteroadwhenhecameacrossanabandonedkitten.Movedbyhersadeyesandpitifulmeowing,NathendecidedtoadoptherandnamedherMilo.Together,theyexperiencedkindness,____12____(visit)charities,andrescuedanimals,forminganunbreakablebond.Miloespeciallylikedgoingtotherailwaystationneartheirhomeduringrushhour,____13____commuting(通勤)waschallengingformostpeople.Often____14____(find)sittingonaticketgate,Milogreetedcommutersandbroughtsmilestoallsheencountered,makingthespringmorningalittlebrighter.【答案】11.wascycling12.visited13.when14.found【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文屬于記敘文，Nathen在偏遠(yuǎn)路上偶遇棄貓，出于憐憫將其收養(yǎng)并取名Milo。他們共同傳遞愛心、訪問慈善機(jī)構(gòu)、拯救動(dòng)物，建立深厚情誼。Milo尤其喜歡在高峰期到家附近的車站為通勤者帶去慰藉，用它的存在點(diǎn)亮人們的清晨?！?1題詳解】考查固定句型和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：Nathen在一條偏僻的路上騎自行車時(shí)，遇到了一只被遺棄的小貓。cycle“騎自行車”。根據(jù)句意和空后的when和came可知，此處為固定句型“was/weredoing...when...”，本空用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，主語Nathen為第三人稱單數(shù)，be動(dòng)詞用was。故填wascycling?！?2題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他們一起體驗(yàn)了善意，參觀了慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，救助了動(dòng)物，形成了不可破的紐帶。visit“參觀”。本空用過去式visited，與experienced和rescued并列，用連詞and連接。故填visited?！?3題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：Milo尤其喜歡在上下班高峰期去家附近的火車站，那時(shí)上下班對(duì)大多數(shù)人來說都是一種挑戰(zhàn)。本空引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是rushhour，關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)。故填when。【14題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：Milo經(jīng)常被發(fā)現(xiàn)坐在檢票口，向上下班往返的人打招呼，并給她遇到的所有人帶來微笑，使春天的早晨變得更加明亮。本句謂語為greeted，此處為非謂語動(dòng)詞，且Milo與find“發(fā)現(xiàn)”為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞，作狀語，表示被動(dòng)。故填found。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Researchsuggestsaconnectionbetweendeforestation,____15____(result)inpoorerairquality,andincreasedratesofdepressionandanxiety.Ithasbeenrevealedthatcountrieswithmoreforestedlandtendtosee____16____(few)casesofmentalhealthdisorders.Inthe1980s,“forestbathing”wasintroducedasatherapeuticpracticecenteredaroundtreestoenhancethepsychologicalbenefitsofoutdoorexperiences.Uptillnow,thispractice____17____(use)fortreatingpatients.【答案】15.resulting16.fewer17.hasbeenused【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文的體裁為說明文。文章解釋了森林砍伐與空氣質(zhì)量、心理健康之間的聯(lián)系，并介紹了一種基于此的治療方法（森林浴）?！?5題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：研究指出，森林砍伐導(dǎo)致空氣質(zhì)量變差，并且抑郁癥和焦慮癥的發(fā)病率上升。本句謂語為suggests，此處為非謂語動(dòng)詞，本空用result“導(dǎo)致”的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，作結(jié)果狀語。故填resulting。【16題詳解】考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：據(jù)透露，森林覆蓋率較高的國(guó)家，精神健康障礙的案例較少。結(jié)合句意和moreforestedland可知，本空用few的比較級(jí)fewer“更少的”，修飾名詞cases“案例”，作定語。故填fewer?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞語態(tài)、主謂一致。句意：到目前為止，這種實(shí)踐已經(jīng)被用于治療病人。根據(jù)Uptillnow可知，use“使用”這一動(dòng)作開始于過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且thispractice與use為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，助動(dòng)詞用has。故填hasbeenused。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Manyofouractionsareinitiatedbyemotion.Challengingsituationswillariseinourlivesand____18____wehandlethesesituationsisamarkofhowmatureandindependentweare.Keepingouremotions____19____dominatingourlivesisessentialbecausestableemotionbringsasenseofcontentmentandcalm.Luckily,therearemany____20____(help)techniquestocontrolouremotions,suchasmeditation,yoga,andbreathingexercises.【答案】18.how19.from20.helpful【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文的體裁為說明文。作者介紹了控制情緒的重要性以及幾種實(shí)用的方法?！?8題詳解】考查連詞。句意：在我們的生活中會(huì)出現(xiàn)挑戰(zhàn)性的情況，我們?nèi)绾翁幚磉@些情況標(biāo)志著我們的成熟和獨(dú)立程度。本空用連接詞how“如何”，引導(dǎo)主語語從句，表示方式，說明處理問題的方式。故填how。【19題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：控制情緒不被其主宰我們的生活至關(guān)重要，因?yàn)榉€(wěn)定的情緒能帶來滿足感和平靜。本空填介詞from，keep...from...“阻止……做……，使……免于……”為固定短語。故填from?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：幸運(yùn)的是，有許多有用的技巧來控制我們的情緒，比如冥想、瑜伽和呼吸練習(xí)。本空用形容詞helpful“有幫助的”，修飾名詞techniques，作定語。故填helpful。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AUNFAOWorldFoodDayPosterContestapplicationsarenowbeingaccepted.Trytopictureafuturewhereeveryonehasaccesstofoodandwater.Whatcomestomind?Youmayhelpcreateasustainablefuturebytakingappropriateaction.CreateapostershowingyourwateractionforfoodaspartoftheWorldFoodDayPosterContesttoshowcaseyourartistictalent.FoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO)TheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNationsisaspecializedagencythatleadsinternationaleffortstoendhunger,promotenutrition,andensurefoodsecurity.ProcedureandBenefitsFillouttheformonourwebsite,takeapictureoforscanyoursubmission,andsubmititonline.Thescreeningcommitteewillchoose15postersfromeachcategoryforthefirstround(atotalof60postersfrom4agecategories),andthosechosenwillbenotifiedinDecember2024.Acertificateforthisaccomplishmentwillbegiventotheshortlistedindividuals.WinnerswillbehighlightedontheFAOsocialmediachannelsandbyregionalFAOoffices.Ourjudgeswillchoosethreewinnersineachagegroup,andtheywillberevealedinDecember.Thewinnerswillalsogetadiplomaandasurprisegiftpackage,aswellaspromotionfromFAOofficesthroughouttheworld.EntryRequirements●TheentryperiodwillopenonJune1,2024,andendonNovember3,2024.●Perindividual,onlyoneentrymaybesubmitted.●Posterentriesmaybepainted,sketched,ordrawnusingoilorwatercolorpaintaswellasmixedmedia,pens,pencils,crayons,orcharcoal.Artworkproduceddigitallyisalsoacceptable.Nophotosarepermitted.●Textmayormaynotbeincludedinposterentries.Useoftextislimitedtonomorethan25words.●Nevermentionprivateinformationsuchasnames,schools,ages,etc.●Pleasedonotsendinphysicalposters;onlydigitalfilessavedasJPEGswillbeallowed.21.Bytakingpartinthecontest,participantscan________.A.showtheircookingtalent B.contributetofoodsustainabilityC.raisetheirnutritionalawareness D.havemoreaccesstofoodandwater22.Thefinalwinnersofthecontestwillbe________.A.bepromotedglobally B.informedbeforeDecemberC.invitedtoregionalFAOoffices D.decidedbyFAOafterthreerounds23.Whichofthefollowingpostersmeetstheentryrequirements?A. B.C. D.【答案】21.B22.A23.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了聯(lián)合國(guó)糧食及農(nóng)業(yè)組織的世界糧食日海報(bào)競(jìng)賽的相關(guān)信息，包括競(jìng)賽目的、組織背景、參賽程序和好處，以及參賽要求等。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Youmayhelpcreateasustainablefuturebytakingappropriateaction.(你可以通過采取適當(dāng)?shù)男袆?dòng)來幫助創(chuàng)造一個(gè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的未來。)”可知，通過參加比賽，參與者可以為食物的可持續(xù)性做出貢獻(xiàn)。故選B?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ProcedureandBenefits部分的“Thewinnerswillalsogetadiplomaandasurprisegiftpackage,aswellaspromotionfromFAOofficesthroughouttheworld.(獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)哌€將獲得文憑和驚喜禮品包，以及糧農(nóng)組織在世界各地辦事處的推廣機(jī)會(huì)。)”可知，比賽的最終獲勝者將在全球推廣。故選A?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)EntryRequirements部分的“Nevermentionprivateinformationsuchasnames,schools,ages,etc.(不要提及個(gè)人信息，如姓名、學(xué)校、年齡等。)”可知，B選項(xiàng)不符合要求；根據(jù)EntryRequirements部分的“Useoftextislimitedtonomorethan25words.(文本的使用限制在不超過25個(gè)單詞。)”可知，C選項(xiàng)不符合要求；根據(jù)EntryRequirements部分的“Nophotosarepermitted.(不允許拍照。)”可知，D選項(xiàng)不符合要求。故選A。BWhenIwasnamedCEOofaglobalcompanyin2006,Iwasdeterminedtorunthecompanysothatitwouldbothdelivergoodshort-termperformanceandthriveinthelongterm,yearsafterIwasgone.Itwasalreadyingoodshape,butIdreamedofcreatingadefiningcorporationofthe21stcentury,proudofitsroot,yetglobalandresponsibleintheshiftingtimes.FormonthsIquietlyreadallIcouldaboutthebigsocialtrendsinfluencingbusiness.Iwalkedthemarket,andexaminedemployees’feedback.Ialsodugdeepintotheobligationsofpubliccorporations.Fromallofthisemergedavisionforthecompanythatguidedusforthenextdozenyearsorso.Icalledit“PerformancewithPurpose”.Thegoalwastodelivergreatfinancialreturns,aswealwayshad,withthreeadditionalclearobjects:tonourishhumanityandthecommunities,toprotectourenvironmentandtocherishourpeople.Mymotivationwaswhollyto“futureproof”,orde-risk.Anditworked.Inmy12yearsasCEO,totalshareholderreturnwas149%,andnetprofitjumped80%.Wecutthesalt,fat,andsugarinsodaandchips,addedmorehealthfulbrandsandproducts,andloweredtheamountofwaterneeded.Wekeptinnovationgoingandourdesignstudioswonmanyawards.OurtalentacademywassobrilliantthatnineseniormanagerslefttotakeCEOjobselsewhere.Ibelievethatleadersmustthinkfromthefutureback,evenwhenthingsaregoingfine.Andwenowhaveaframeworktohelp:theevolvingtemplates(模板)forenvironmental,social,andgovernancemetrics(ESG衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn))that,inessence,servetode-riskcompaniesandmarkets.Thesecriteriaforcediscussionofhardtruthsforanyonewiththeambitiontostayrelevantinthelongterm.Ifthemetricsarecarefullyselected,ESGisnotcontrarytoinvestors’interests.Importantly,de-riskingthecompanyactuallycreatesshareholdervalue.“PerformancewithPurpose”presentedtoughmomentsforme,includingwhenoneinvestorquestioned,“Whodoyouthinkyouare?Aphilanthropist(慈善家)?”Butskepticismfadedwhenacollectivemissiontookholdthatincludedboththebottomlineandmuchbeyond.Thiswasmyhopefromthestart.24.Theauthor’snewvisionforthecompanycamefrom_________.A.itsuniqueculturalroot B.herthoroughresearchC.customers’fundamentalneeds D.shareholders’strongrequirements25.Accordingto“PerformancewithPurpose”,anidealcompanyshould_________.A.shiftitsstrategiesproperly B.valueemployees’feedbackC.shouldersocialresponsibility D.prioritizefinancialreturns26.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Therisksacompanymayface. B.Theauthor’sambitiontocreatevalue.C.Theinterestsinvestorsseekafter. D.Theauthor’srecipeforsuccessfulbusiness.27.AsCEO,theauthorcanbebestdescribedas_________.A.inspiringandwarm-hearted B.determinedandfar-sightedC.ambitiousandgenerous D.modestandstrategic【答案】24.B25.C26.D27.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文，作者于2006年成為一家全球公司的CEO時(shí)，決心讓公司在短期內(nèi)取得佳績(jī)，并在作者離開后依然長(zhǎng)期繁榮。作者提出“績(jī)效與目的”的愿景，旨在實(shí)現(xiàn)財(cái)務(wù)成功的同時(shí)，關(guān)注社會(huì)責(zé)任、環(huán)境保護(hù)和員工發(fā)展。【24題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Formonths,IquietlyreadallIcouldaboutthebigsocialtrendsinfluencingbusiness.Iwalkedthemarket,andexaminedemployees’feedback.Ialsodugdeepintotheobligationsofpubliccorporations.Fromallofthisemergedavisionforthecompanythatguidedusforthenextdozenyearsorso.Icalledit“PerformancewithPurpose”.Thegoalwastodelivergreatfinancialreturns,aswealwayshad,withthreeadditionalclearobjects:tonourishhumanityandthecommunities,toprotectourenvironmentandtocherishourpeople.(幾個(gè)月來，我靜靜地閱讀了所有影響商業(yè)的重大社會(huì)趨勢(shì)。我在市場(chǎng)里走了一圈，查看了員工的反饋。我還深入研究了公共企業(yè)的義務(wù)。從這一切中，我們看到了公司未來十幾年的發(fā)展方向。我稱之為“有目的的表現(xiàn)”。我們的目標(biāo)是提供巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)，就像我們一直做的那樣，同時(shí)還有三個(gè)明確的目標(biāo)：滋養(yǎng)人類和社區(qū)，保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境，珍惜我們的人民。)”可知，作者進(jìn)行了大量的研究工作，包括閱讀有關(guān)影響商業(yè)的重大社會(huì)趨勢(shì)的資料、考察市場(chǎng)以及深入研究公共公司的義務(wù)，基于這些研究形成了新的公司愿景。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Icalledit“PerformancewithPurpose”.Thegoalwastodelivergreatfinancialreturns,aswealwayshad,withthreeadditionalclearobjects:tonourishhumanityandthecommunities,toprotectourenvironmentandtocherishourpeople.(我稱之為“有目的的表現(xiàn)”。我們的目標(biāo)是提供巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)，就像我們一直做的那樣，同時(shí)還有三個(gè)明確的目標(biāo)：滋養(yǎng)人類和社區(qū)，保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境，珍惜我們的人民。)”可知，一個(gè)理想的公司應(yīng)該承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章第四段“Ibelievethatleadersmustthinkfromthefutureback,evenwhenthingsaregoingfine.Andwenowhaveaframeworktohelp:theevolvingtemplates(模板)forenvironmental,social,andgovernancemetrics(ESG衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn))that,inessence,servetode-riskcompaniesandmarkets.Thesecriteriaforcediscussionofhardtruthsforanyonewiththeambitiontostayrelevantinthelongterm.Ifthemetricsarecarefullyselected,ESGisnotcontrarytoinvestors’interests.Importantly,de-riskingthecompanyactuallycreatesshareholdervalue.(我認(rèn)為，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者必須從未來的角度考慮問題，即使事情進(jìn)展順利。我們現(xiàn)在有了一個(gè)可以提供幫助的框架：不斷發(fā)展的環(huán)境、社會(huì)和治理指標(biāo)模板（ESG衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)），從本質(zhì)上講，這些模板有助于企業(yè)和市場(chǎng)降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)迫使任何有志于長(zhǎng)期保持相關(guān)性的人討論殘酷的事實(shí)。如果這些指標(biāo)經(jīng)過精心挑選，ESG并不會(huì)違背投資者的利益。重要的是，降低公司風(fēng)險(xiǎn)實(shí)際上創(chuàng)造了股東價(jià)值。)”可知，第四段主要講述了作者如何通過ESG衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來為公司“去風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”，這是作者成功經(jīng)商的秘訣。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段“WhenIwasnamedCEOofaglobalcompanyin2006,Iwasdeterminedtorunthecompanysothatitwouldbothdelivergoodshort-termperformanceandthriveinthelongterm,yearsafterIwasgone.Itwasalreadyingoodshape,butIdreamedofcreatingadefiningcorporationofthe21stcentury,proudofitsroot,yetglobalandresponsibleintheshiftingtimes.(2006年，當(dāng)我被任命為一家跨國(guó)公司的首席執(zhí)行官時(shí)，我決心管理這家公司，讓它在我離開多年后，既能提供良好的短期業(yè)績(jī)，又能保持長(zhǎng)期繁榮。它已經(jīng)處于良好的狀態(tài)，但我夢(mèng)想著創(chuàng)建一個(gè)21世紀(jì)的標(biāo)志性公司，為自己的根源感到自豪，同時(shí)在不斷變化的時(shí)代具有全球性和責(zé)任感。)”可知，作者作為CEO，不僅決心要讓公司在短期內(nèi)表現(xiàn)良好，還致力于長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展，提出了前瞻性的“PerformancewithPurpose”愿景，并成功實(shí)施，使公司在經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和環(huán)境等多方面取得顯著成效。這表明作者既堅(jiān)定又具有遠(yuǎn)見卓識(shí)。故選B項(xiàng)。CTheideathatagingreducesadults’abilitytoimagine,acommonthemeinchildren’sliterature,iscontradictedbypsychologicalresearch.Whilechildrenareoftenportrayedasmoreimaginative,researchindicatesthatadultsnotonlykeepthisabilitybutsometimessurpasschildreninimaginativethinking.Childrenarefrequentlycelebratedforboundlessimagination.Yet,researchrevealsthattheirmake-believegamesoftencenteraroundrealisticscenarios,suchascookingandcleaning,asdemonstratedina2020studypublishedinJournalofCognitionandDevelopment.Anotherstudy,lastingforfourdecades,alsosuggeststhatchildrenarenotnaturallymoreimaginativethanadults;theirlimitationsresultfromalackofknowledgeandexpertisetoeffectivelyusetheirimaginativecapacityasadults.Imaginationmayhaveevolvedforconsideringalternativestoreality,butweuseitmostnaturallytoexploreclosealternatives,likepreparingadifferentmeal,ratherthanfaralternatives,likeridingonclouds.Whenweuseimaginationtoenvisionfaralternatives—toinnovateorinvent—we’renotdiggingintoaninbornappreciationoftheextraordinary;we’reusingatooldesignedtoexploretheordinary.Whenconsideringalternativestoreality,wefixourattentiononpossibilitiesthatarephysicallyreasonable,statisticallyprobable,sociallyconventionalandmorallypermissible.Whentoldaboutpossibilitiesthatviolatesuchregularities,weusuallydenytheycouldhappen.Generallyspeaking,ourideasaboutwhatcouldhappenarefirmlyrootedinwhatweexpecttohappen.Thismindsetisalsoparticularlyapparentinyoungchildren.Ina2018studyIco-designedwithpsychologistJonathanPhillips,4-year-oldswereaskedtohelpadistressedgirlwhodislikedgoingtoschoolduetomissinghermother.Amongallthesolutionsgiven,theyperceivedtheonlypossiblesolutionwasforhermothertodosomethingspecialafterschooltoeaseherconcerns.Unexpectedalternatives,suchassnappingfingersandmakingitSaturday,wearingpajamastoschoolorlyingaboutschoolbeingclosed,wereallregardedimpossible.Fromthis,wecanconcludethatchildren’searliestintuitions(直覺力)aboutpossibilityconfusewhatcouldhappenwithwhatshouldhappen.Historically,theimprobableeventoftravelingfasterthanahorsewasconsideredimpossible,aswastravelingbyairortravelingintospace.Beforethearrivaloftrainsandplanes,thereweregoodreasonstothinkthatpeoplecouldtravelonlysofarandonlysofast.Butthesereasonswereempirical(經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的),notlogical.Imagination,onitsown,lumpstheimprobablewiththeimpossible,butwecancombineimaginationwithotherabilities—namely,knowledgeandreflection—toseparatethetwo.Whileimaginationinchildrenoftensubjectstoexpectation,adultscancontroltheirimaginativecapacityforinnovationbyintegratingitwithaccumulatedknowledgeandreflectivethinking.28.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,weknowthat_________.A.childrendevelopimaginationthroughgamesB.childrenfacelimitationsinacquiringknowledgeC.adultsareasgoodaschildreninimaginativethinkingD.adults’imaginativeabilityislikelytostayconstantwithage29.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_________.A.expectationresultsfromimaginativecapacityB.certainpracticalconcernscanlimitimaginationC.breakingregularitiesmayleadtoclosealternativesD.faralternativesaremoreimportantthanclosealternatives30.The2018studyshowsthatchildren_________.A.cameupwithawiderangeofalternatives B.werequickertofigureoutsolutionsC.tookwhatshouldhappenaspossibilities D.usedimaginationinareasonableway31.Theunderlinedword“l(fā)umps”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans_________.A.mix B.match C.compare D.replace【答案】28.D29.B30.C31.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。這篇短文主要指出心理學(xué)研究反駁了老年人想象力下降的觀點(diǎn)，實(shí)際上成年人在某些方面可能比兒童更有想象力。研究表明，兒童的想象游戲通常圍繞現(xiàn)實(shí)場(chǎng)景，并非天生比成人更具想象力，而是受限于知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。人們傾向于用想象力探索與現(xiàn)實(shí)相近的可能性，而非遙遠(yuǎn)的不切實(shí)際的事物。研究還顯示，兒童對(duì)可能性的理解容易與期望混淆。最后，文章強(qiáng)調(diào)成人可以通過結(jié)合知識(shí)和反思來控制想象力，從而進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。由第一段中“Whilechildrenareoftenportrayedasmoreimaginative,researchindicatesthatadultsnotonlykeepthisabilitybutsometimessurpasschildreninimaginativethinking.(雖然兒童通常被描繪成更有想象力，但研究表明，成年人不僅保持了這種能力，而且有時(shí)在想象力思維方面超過了兒童)”和第二段中“Anotherstudy,lastingforfourdecades,alsosuggeststhatchildrenarenotnaturallymoreimaginativethanadults(另一項(xiàng)持續(xù)四十年的研究也表明，兒童天生并不比成年人更有想象力)”可知，兒童天生并不比成年人更有想象力，人成年后也更有想象力，成年人不僅保持了這種能力，而且有時(shí)在想象力思維方面超過了兒童，可得出成年人的想象力可能會(huì)隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而保持不變。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。由第三段中“Whenweuseimaginationtoenvisionfaralternatives—toinnovateorinvent—we’renotdiggingintoaninbornappreciationoftheextraordinary;we’reusingatooldesignedtoexploretheordinary.Whenconsideringalternativestoreality,wefixourattentiononpossibilitiesthatarephysicallyreasonable,statisticallyprobable,sociallyconventionalandmorallypermissible.Whentoldaboutpossibilitiesthatviolatesuchregularities,weusuallydenytheycouldhappen.Generallyspeaking,ourideasaboutwhatcouldhappenarefirmlyrootedinwhatweexpecttohappen.(當(dāng)我們用想象力來設(shè)想創(chuàng)新或發(fā)明的遙遠(yuǎn)替代方案時(shí)，我們并不是在挖掘與生俱來的非凡鑒賞力；我們正在使用一種旨在探索普通事物的工具。在考慮現(xiàn)實(shí)的替代方案時(shí)，我們將注意力集中在物理上合理、統(tǒng)計(jì)上可能、社會(huì)傳統(tǒng)和道德上允許的可能性上。當(dāng)被告知違反這種規(guī)律的可能性時(shí)，我們通常否認(rèn)它們可能發(fā)生。一般來說，我們對(duì)可能發(fā)生的事情的想法深深植根于我們所期望的事情)”可得出，某些實(shí)際問題會(huì)限制想象力。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中“Fromthis,wecanconcludethatchildren’searliestintuitions(直覺力)aboutpossibilityconfusewhatcouldhappenwithwhatshouldhappen.(由此，我們可以得出結(jié)論，孩子們最早對(duì)可能性的直覺混淆了可能發(fā)生的事情和應(yīng)該發(fā)生的事情)”可知，2018年的研究表明，兒童把應(yīng)該發(fā)生的事情視為可能。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。由最后一段中“Butthesereasonswereempirical(經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的),notlogical.Imagination,onitsown,lumpstheimprobablewiththeimpossible,butwecancombineimaginationwithotherabilities—namely,knowledgeandreflection—toseparatethetwo.(但這些原因都是經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，而非邏輯的。想象力本身就lumps不大可能（還有機(jī)會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)）和大不可能（絕無可能實(shí)現(xiàn)），但我們可以把想象力與其他能力——即知識(shí)和反思——結(jié)合起來，把兩者分開)”可知，but后講人們可以通過將想象力與其他能力，即知識(shí)和反思相結(jié)合，將不大可能（還有機(jī)會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)）和大不可能（絕無可能實(shí)現(xiàn)）分開，說明想象力本身會(huì)將不大可能（還有機(jī)會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)）和大不可能（絕無可能實(shí)現(xiàn)）混為一談，劃線詞lumps意為“混合”。故選A項(xiàng)。DWeareasocialanimal.Indeed,itisoursociality—suchastheabilitytomakesenseofeachother,tocommunicate,toworkcooperativelyand,finally,tocreateculture—thatmarksusofffromotheranimalspecies.Butthenwhyareweeverywherestrivingtoincreaseourisolationandlimitourcontactwithothers?AsmusicianDavidByrnearguesinanessaypublishedlastmonth,itisastrikingfactaboutthenewtechnologiesthathavesocometoshapeourlives,thattheyhavepreciselythiseffect:theylimitourneedforhumancontact.Onlineshopping?Check.Automatedcheckout?Check.Ridehailapps?Check.Efficiencyisthekey.Wepurchaseefficiencybylimitingthehumanaspect,knownas“autonomousoperation”.Thisisperhapsevenmorepronouncedwithnewtechnologiesonthehorizon.TaketheMOOC,theteacher-lessvirtualclassroom.AsByrnenotes,thisismeanttodeliverthevaluesofalearningenvironmentwithout,well,withouttheenvironment—yougettostayathome—noteacher,butalso,nofellowstudents.Byrneisn’tclaimingweareconsciouslychoosingtoisolateourselves.Weshoponlinebecauseitisconvenient.Theabsenceofcontactwithothersisaside-effect.Maybeevenanunavoidableone,asoneofthethingsthatmakesonlineshoppingsoeasyispreciselytheabsenceofcontactwithotherpeople.ButBryne’sthoughtisthatwhateverourintention,thetendencyofourtechtoisolateusmaybeafeature,notabug.Hishypothesisisthatweactually,atsomelevel,crave(渴望)theincreasedisolationandweareactuallymakingtechnologiestosatisfyimpulsesthat,insomeway,gobeyondoragainstoursocialnature.ButIwonder,isthisreallynew?Evenifwearesocialbynature,anddoeverythingwecantoembedourselvessocially,theneedtofindwaystobealoneis,well,nothingnew.It’salsostrikingthattheveryactivitiesthatriskseparatingus—intheolddays,books,newspapers,TV;nowadays,thelatestappsalsoconnectus.Wereadabouteachother.Whatwereadgivesusinformationtosharewitheachother.Iamwellawareofthedatathatshowsthemoretimeyouspendonsocialmedia,thesadderandmoreisolatedandenviousyoufeelofothers.Buthownovelistheisolatingeffectofsocialmedia?Beingthereremindsmealotofwhatitwasliketobesocialinhighschool—youhaveavividsenseofyourstatusandyourstandinginrelationtoothers,andyouhavetodealwiththat.Thismaybeisolating,sure.Butit’stheisolatingfaceofthesocialliveswe’vealwayshad.Itisisolatingbecauseofthewaystechnologybringsusintorealcontactwithothers,notbecauseitremovesthatcontact.Iwonderwhethermoreisolationisarealoption,afterall.32.Whichofthefollowingbestreflects“autonomousoperation”?AGettingatoothbrushviaahoteldeliveryrobot.B.Teachingmomhowtoestablishasmarthome.C.Seekinghelpbycallinghumancustomerservices.D.Havinganonlinemeetingathomewithcolleagues.33.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragree?A.Technologyoffersfreshinsightsintooursocialstatus.BActionsseeminglyisolatingcanbondpeople.C.Socialplatformshelpbringpeoplecloser.D.Socialmediahascometodefineourlife.34.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhatTechnologiesDotoHumanNature B.DoTechnologiesShapeOurLives?C.HowIsolationChangeswithConnection D.CanWeEraseHumanElement?【答案】32.A33.B34.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章討論了在線購(gòu)物和社交媒體如何可能無意中導(dǎo)致人們感到孤獨(dú)，但同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這些活動(dòng)也提供了與他人建立聯(lián)系的機(jī)會(huì)，反映了現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中人們?cè)谧非蟊憷c社交之間的平衡。32題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第三段中“Efficiencyisthekey.Wepurchaseefficiencybylimitingthehumanaspect,knownas“autonomousoperation”.Thisisperhapsevenmorepronouncedwithnewtechnologiesonthehorizon.TaketheMOOC,theteacher-lessvirtualclassroom.AsByrnenotes,thisismeanttodeliverthevaluesofalearningenvironmentwithout,well,withouttheenvironment—yougettostayathome—noteacher,butalso,nofellowstudents.(效率是關(guān)鍵。我們通過限制人的方面來獲得效率，被稱為“自主操作”。隨著新技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)，這一點(diǎn)可能更加明顯。以MOOC為例，即沒有教師的虛擬課堂。正如伯恩所指出的，這意味著在沒有環(huán)境的情況下，傳遞學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境的價(jià)值——你可以呆在家里——沒有老師，也沒有同學(xué))”可知，通過限制人為因素（即自主操作）來提高效率。由此推知，通過酒店