2024年人教版中考英語構詞法復習課件

構詞法

1.Nevertroubletroubletilltroubletroublesyou.2.Canyoucanacanasacannercancanacan?3.Iwishtowishthewishyouwishtowish,butifyouwishthewishthewitchwishes,Iwon'twishthewishyouwishtowish.1.Nevertroubletroubletilltroubletroublesyou.2.Canyoucanacanasacannercancanacan?3.Iwishtowishthewishyouwishtowish,butifyouwishthewishthewitchwishes,Iwon'twishthewishyouwishtowish.1.Iwillnotmakefriendswithadishonestperson.2.Herinjuredleghurtsomuchthatshehadtotakeapain-killer.3.Abad-looking

pickpocketstolemywallet.表示某一類人的名詞+er

+or

+ist

+ian

+man

變名詞farmer,worker,dancer,reporter,writer,visitor,actor,inventor,translator,professordentist,artist,pianist,violinist，scientist,tourist,journalist,musician,librarian,Canadian,Indianpostman,fisherman,Englishman,Frenchman，policeman變抽象名詞+t(s)ion

+ment

+ty

+th

+ness

+ance

+ship

t變ce

其他invention,collection,pronunciation,pollution,solution,discussion,congratulation,suggestion,permission,attention,agreement,development,argumentdifficulty,activity,beauty，safety,popularity,death,growth,truth,youth,wealth,health,lengthbusiness,kindness,illness,goodness,darknessappearancefriendship,hardshipdifferent→difference,important→importance,confident→confidence,silent→silencefail→failureproud→pride，high→height，weigh→weight，fly→flight，succeed→success，speak→speech,please→pleasureun+

dis+

in+

im+

+less

變反義詞unhappy,unfriendly,uncomfortable,unusual,unlucky,unpleasant,unable,unfairdislike,dishonest,disadvantage,disagree

impossible,impolite,imperfecthomeless,hopeless,helpless,careless,useless,fearlessinexpensive,indirect,incorrect,inhuman+ing/ed

+y

+ly

+ful

+ous

變形容詞exciting/excited,interesting/interested,boring/bored,relaxing/relaxedsunny,noisy,healthy,lucky,funny,foggy,salty,tasty,thirstycareful,useful,beautiful,hopeful,helpful,thankful,colorful,wonderfulfriendly,lively,lovely,daily,lonelydangerous,mysterious,famous,serious,anxious+ern

+al

+ive

+ic+en+able變形容詞western,northern,southernprofessional,original,normal,physicalactive,creative,aggressiveenergetic,scientific,realisticwooden,woolen,goldenenjoyable,comfortable初中英語詞形轉(zhuǎn)換一般情況下，直接加____

以y結尾的，____________

以不發(fā)音的e結尾的，___

以able/ible結尾的，_____以元音字母加l結尾的，___________變副詞lyquickly，slowlylucky—happy—extreme—變y為i再加lyfinal—

real—

ly去e加ly加lytrulywhollyluckilyhappilyextremelypossible—capable—capablypossiblyfinallyreally一般情況下，直接加____

以y結尾的，____________

以不發(fā)音的e結尾的，___

以able/ible結尾的，_____以元音字母加l結尾的，___________變副詞lyquickly，slowlyluckily，happily，easily，healthilyextremelycapably，possibly，terribly變y為i再加lyfinally，carefully，really，speciallyly去e加ly加lytrulywholly

構詞法英語構詞法主要有三種：合成詞(有兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞)轉(zhuǎn)化詞(將一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化成另一種詞性)派生詞(在詞根上加上前、后綴構成另外一個詞)春風又綠江南岸。2.Therainpoureddown.1.Itrainscatsanddogs.考點一轉(zhuǎn)化法

Conversion是指詞性變化，詞形不變1.動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞大多意思沒有多大的變化

有時意思有一定變化有的與其他單詞構成短語→同一個動作①Let'sgooutforawalk.②Heisamanofstrongbuild.考點一轉(zhuǎn)化法

Conversion是指詞性變化，詞形不變2.名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞很多表示物件、身體部位、某類人的名詞可以用作動詞來表示動作①Pleasehandmethebook.②Shenursedherhusbandbacktohealth.考點一轉(zhuǎn)化法

Conversion是指詞性變化，詞形不變3.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.

4.副詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞

Murderwillout.(諺語)考點一轉(zhuǎn)化法

Conversion是指詞性變化，詞形不變5.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞1）表示顏色的形容詞?？赊D(zhuǎn)化為名詞2）the+形容詞→表示一類人Youshouldbedressedinblackatthefuneral.

Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.考點一常見詞性轉(zhuǎn)化的詞stopvt.

停止—n.車站watchvt.

觀看—n.

手表recordvt.

錄音—n.

紀錄combvt.

梳理—-n.梳子abusevt.

辱罵—-n.

辱罵minen.礦山—vt.開礦barbecuen.燒烤—vt.

在烤架上烤shipn.船—vt.用船裝運financen.金融—vt.為……提供資金

stainn.污點,污跡—vt.玷污，污染handn.

手—vt.

上交seatn.

座位—vt.

坐nursen.

護士—vt.

護理oiln.

油—vt.

上油timen.

時間—vt.

定時shouldern.

肩膀—vt.

肩負draft

n.

草稿—

vt.

起草head

n.

頭—

v.

前進考點一常見詞性轉(zhuǎn)化的詞downadv.向下—v.放下nowhereadv.任何地方都不—n.無處，無名的地方freezingadj.冰凍的—n.冰點solidadj.固體的,堅實的—n.固體secondnum.第二—n.秒Practice1Lookingback,IcanseethatthoseterribleeventsshapedmeintothepersonIamtoday.2Mymotherairedthesheetswellv.塑造mattern麻煩，問題matter=beimportant/count重要猜測詞義

shapen形狀v.通風3.Whatreallymattersisnotwhatyouhavebutwhoyouare.airn.空氣4.

AdictionaryisamustforEnglishlearning.must必須

n.必須做的事

Guessthemeaningsoftheunderlinedwordsandtheirpartofspeech(詞性)1.TaylorSwiftisherfavourite

singer.2.ShelovesalotofsingersbutTaylorSwiftisherfavourite.

n.意為“最喜愛的東西或人”a.意為“最喜愛的”3.TouristsmusttryhotpotwhentheyvisitSichuan.4.Hotpotisa

mustforalltouriststotasteinSichuan.n.意為“必須做（買、看）的事”v.意為“必須做”5.Thechildwaslookingatthechocolatecakewithhisgreedyeyes.6.Thechildwaseyeingthechocolatecakegreedily.v.意為“注視”n.意為“眼睛”Prefix前綴Root詞根Suffix后綴Derivation派生法

anewwordunbelievable加前綴：happy—___happy加后綴：develop—develop_______既加前綴又加后綴：employ—____employ_______是通過在詞根上加前綴或者后綴構成構成一個與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞unmentunment考點二派生詞（derivation）表示否定的前綴考點二派生詞（derivation）—前綴un-dis-in-immis-non-il-ir-unfair,unhappydisagree,disappear,dislikeinactive,inhuman,indirectimpolite,impossiblemisunderstand,misjudge,misleadnonsmoker，nonstop，nonsenseillegalirreal,irregular常用在n.adj.adv.前常用在adj.后用在b,p,m開頭的詞前pre-prewarpost-postwarfore-(前，預先)foretell,forecast,foresee,weatherforecast表示向背的前綴考點二派生詞（derivation）—前綴pro-anti-pro-Chineseantiwar,anti-Japanesewar

親，支持阻止，抗表示時間的前綴pre-fore-post-prewar，pre-school，prevent，previousforetell,forecast,foresee,postwar，postpone（延遲），postgraduate（研究生）預先；前后pre-prewarpost-postwarfore-(前，預先)foretell,forecast,foresee,weatherforecast表示程度、大小的前綴考點二派生詞（derivation）—前綴super-over-mini-

superstar,superman,superpoweroverexcited,overeat,overuseminibus,miniskirt超級過多迷你表示位置的前綴inter-之間；相互international,interclass構成形容詞或副詞a-asleep,alive,awake,aloneen-構成動詞endanger，enrich，enlarge，enable前綴一般只引起意思上的變化而不造成詞類的變化，只有少數(shù)能引起詞類的變化。Practicein/mis/un/disa-en-inter-re-tele-autoco-anti-multi-構成反義詞構成動詞使互相再，又，重遠程的自動共同反對，抵抗多考點二派生詞（derivation）—后綴+ern

+al

+ive

+ic+en+ablewestern,northern,southernprofessional,original,normal,physicalactive,creative,aggressiveenergetic,scientific,realisticwooden,woolen,goldenenjoyable,comfortable考點二派生詞（derivation）—前綴，后綴同時使用1.Iam,despiteimperfections,areal,positiveperson;2.Settingunrealisticgoalsforourselves.不完美不現(xiàn)實的Those“l(fā)adies”arebeautiful.shemaleshe+maleGender:MaleorFemale?lady+boyladyboydaydream把兩個或兩個以上的獨立的詞結合在一起構成新詞?？键c三合成詞（compounding）class班級+room房間Guessthemeaningpain-killersleep-walkcolor-blind=classroom教室考點三合成詞（compounding）1.合成代詞2.合成介詞3.合成副詞herselfanythingnobody介詞+名詞介詞十介詞insidewithinthroughoutanyway；everywhere；however；forever4.合成動詞名詞+動詞形容詞+動詞副詞+動詞sleepwalkwhitewashoverthrow

考點三合成詞（compounding）5.合成形容詞manmade人造的cold-blooded冷血的newborn新生的過去分詞或帶ed詞尾的詞構成動詞的ing或另一詞構成English-speaking講英語的good-looking好看的hard-working勤奮的easygoing隨和的考點三合成詞（compounding）6.合成名詞n+nairconditionerbloodpressurecreditcard

adj+n

centralbank

fastfood

v-ing+另一詞

washingmachinedrivinglicense其他方式by-producteditor-in-chief

Brainstormsunsunglassessunlightsunrisesunshinesunburntsunsetsunflowersunbathsuncream…greenhouse?dead-president?Practice猜測詞義

1laughinghelpstoproducemoreantibody-producingcells.2WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeKate?AInnocentandsingle-minded.3.afine-lookinggentlemaninmilitaryuniformhasbeenstandingacrossthecorner.4.Aself-employedjobber,hewasalwaysbuildingthingsoutofoddsandends.抗體生成

好看的專心致志自由職業(yè)的，個體經(jīng)營的考點四截斷法即單詞縮寫，詞義和詞性保持不變，主要有截頭，去尾、截頭去尾等形式。1.截頭telephone-→phoneairplane-→planeinfluenza→flurefrigerator→fridgemathematics→math

examination→examkilogram→kilo

laboratory→lab2.去尾3.截頭去尾考點四截斷法television+broadcast→telecast電視廣播smoke+fog→smog煙霧motor+hotel→motel

汽車旅館veryimportantperson→VIP大人物WorldHealthOrganization

4.混合法將兩個詞混合或各取一部分緊縮而成一個新詞。前半部分表示屬性后半部分表示主體。5.首字母縮略法用單詞首字母組成一個新詞。讀字母和作為一個單詞讀音。VeryImportantPersonChiefExecutiveOfficerChinaCentralTelevisionWorldTradeOrganizationVirtualRealityPhotoshopVIPCEOCCTVWTOVRPSPRACTICE否定前綴un-dis-in-im-mis-non-understandpolitesmokeragreefairvisible（）1.Don’tlistentohisnonsense.A.foolishtalkormeaninglesswordsB.beautifulwordsC.clevertalkormeaningfulwords()2.Hemisunderstoodme.A.understoodrightlyB.understoodwronglyC.didn’tunderstand()3.Herenamedtherestaurant“Paradise”.A.calledB.namedafterC.gaveanewnameABC1.Oneyearago,whenFionaturnedfour,SamandIdecidedto

home-schoolherinsteadofsendinghertopre-school.2.Isitdifficultforyoutogetupinthemorning?Doyousometimes

oversleep?3.Readingcanenrichyourlife.4.

Forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlife-and-deathaffairs.5.Nevertrouble

trouble

untiltrouble

troubles

you.6.Everymorningwegetwaterfromthewellandwatertheyoungplantswell.7.Thelessonslastfromonetothree,andthelastlessonisEnglish.8.Imustwork

hardsothatImayfinishthehard

workbyAugust.9.Hewrotethosewordsslowly,“Driveslow(ataslowspeed)!”(一)按要求寫出下列詞匯的變化形式。1.encourage________________(寫出n.) 2personal________(n.)3.European____________(寫出n.) 4.especially____________(寫出adj.)5.imagine__________(現(xiàn)在分詞) 6.polite________(反義詞)7.possible___________(反義詞)___________(n.) 8.natural____________(n.)9.lucky_________(n.)_________(adv.)_________(反義詞)10.excellent______________(比較級)________________(最高級)encouragementpersonEuropeespecialimaginingimpoliteimpossiblepossibilitynatureluckluckilyunluckymore

excellentthemostexcellent1.Whenitcomestoinsectpests,redfireantswouldprobablytopeveryone'slist.2.First,youshouldtakeanactivepartinthediscussionsandfreelyvoiceyouropinion.3.Yes,Iwasblessed;itwasn’tamaterialone,butthekindthatwillwarmmyheartforever.n.頂部→v.超過n.聲音→v.發(fā)表；說話暢所欲言adj.溫暖的→v.使溫暖4.Suddenlyshefelttearsfloodedhereyes.5.Inmostcitiestheskylooksasthoughithasbeenemptiedofstars,leavingbehindavacanthaze(霾）thatmirrors

ourfearofthedark.6.Sooneday,justtoseewhatshewoulddo,Igentlyplacedoneontopofthegroundhog’s（土撥鼠）head,Again,notamove.n.鏡子→v.反映n.地方→v.放置v.移動→n.舉動n.洪水→v.淹沒;泛濫淚水奪眶而出adj.空的→v.變空；倒空

Johnandhisfatherneveragreeononething,sotheyoften

(agree)

witheachother,

fortherewassome