Unit 1 Encyclopaedias【速記清單】-2023-2024學(xué)年八年級(jí)英語上冊單元速記•巧練（牛津滬教版）

第頁Unit1EncyclopaediasUnit1話題百科全書詞匯1.encyclopedia/?n?sa?kl??pi?di?/n.百科全書

2.human/?hju?m?n/adj.人的

3.dinosaur/?da?n?s??(r)/n.恐龍

4.inventor/?n?vent?(r)/n.發(fā)明家

5.musician/mju?z??n/n.音樂家

6.scientist/?sa??nt?st/n.科學(xué)家

7.born/b??n/v.出生

8.countryside/?k?ntrisa?d/n.鄉(xiāng)村；農(nóng)村

9.intelligence/?n?tel?d??ns/n.才智；智慧

10.ability/??b?l?ti/n.才能；能力

11.perhaps/p??h?ps;pr?ps/adv.可能；大概

12.invention/?n?ven?n/n.發(fā)明

13.notebook/?n??tb?k/n.筆記本

14.include/?n?klu?d/v.包括；包含

15.even/?i?vn/adv.(強(qiáng)調(diào)出乎意料)甚至

16.however/ha??ev?(r)/adv.然而

17.suddenly/?s?d?nli/adv.突然；忽然

18.nobody/?n??b?di/pron.沒有人

19.win/w?n/v.(won,won)(在比賽中)獲勝，贏

20.dollar/?d?l?(r)/n.元(美國，加拿大等國家貨幣單位)

短語1.inthecountryside在鄉(xiāng)村；在農(nóng)村

2.humanbeing人

3.dieout滅絕；消失

4.findout了解(到)；弄清

5.goforawalk去散步

6.beborn出生

7.fromanearlyage從很小的時(shí)候

8.attheendof在……結(jié)束時(shí)

9.befamousfor因……而出名

10.thehistoryof……的歷史

11.consistof由……組成；由……構(gòu)成

12.atthetopof在……的頂端

13.bemadeupof由……組成

重點(diǎn)句子1.Fromanearlyage,heshowedgreatintelligenceandartisticability.

他從小就表現(xiàn)出很高的智力和藝術(shù)才能。

2.Ashegrewolder,helearnttodomanydifferentthings.

隨著年齡的增長，他學(xué)會(huì)了做許多不同的事情。

3.Somedinosaurswereassmallaschickens.

有些恐龍和雞一樣小。

4.Ihavesomequestionsaboutdinosaurs.

我有一些關(guān)于恐龍的問題。

5.Shedoesnothaveanyquestionsaboutdinosaurs.

她沒有關(guān)于恐龍的任何問題。

6.—Isthereanythingonthenoticeboard?

布告欄上有什么東西嗎？

—Yes,there’ssomethingonthenoticeboard.

是的，布告欄上有些東西。

7.I’msureyou’lllearnmanythingsfromit.

我相信你會(huì)從中學(xué)到很多東西。

8.It’salwaysusefultohaveanencyclopediaaroundthehouse.

家里有本百科全書總是有用的。

9.It’llbeagreathelpwithyourstudies.

這會(huì)對你的學(xué)習(xí)有很大的幫助。

語法不定代詞寫作人物描寫要點(diǎn)1lookup查，查找lookup是由動(dòng)詞＋副詞構(gòu)成的短語，如果賓語是代詞，要放在look與up之間，如果是名詞，可放在lookup后面，也可以放在look與up之間。【重點(diǎn)】另外注意動(dòng)詞后加介詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)介短語，此時(shí)，該短語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，后面必須加賓語(由名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞充當(dāng))，且該賓語不能放在動(dòng)介短語的中間。MayIcomeintothisroom？我可以進(jìn)到這個(gè)房間里來嗎？(comeinto是動(dòng)+介短語，賓語thisroom不能省略。)【拓展】與look有關(guān)的常用短語：lookoutlookthroughlookoverlookafterlookforwardtolooklikelookforlookoutof【典例分析】1.—Idon’tknowthenewword.—Itdoesn’tmatter,youcan________inthedictionary.A．lookupit B．lookitup C．lookforit【答案】B【解析】句意：我不認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)生詞，沒關(guān)系，你可以在字典里查一下它?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語的辨析。lookfor的意思是“尋找”；lookup的意思是“查字典”，跟代詞時(shí)應(yīng)該放在look與up的中間，因此，答案為B項(xiàng)。2.—What’sthemeaningof“OneBeltandOneRoad”?—Letme_____thewordsinthenewdictionary.A.lookatB.lookforC.lookafterD.lookup【答案】用短語辨析法解題。lookat看……；lookfor尋找；lookafter照顧；lookup查找。結(jié)合句意可知，“在詞典中查找單詞”。3.Whenyoudon’tknowaword，youcan________inthedictionary．A.lookitupB.setitupC.giveitupD.pickitup【答案】考查固定短語。A.lookitup查單詞；B.setitup建立；C.giveitup放棄；D.pickitup拾起；句意：當(dāng)你不知道這個(gè)單詞的意思時(shí)，請查個(gè)字典，故選A項(xiàng)。4.Mymotherisillinhospital.Ihaveto________mygrandparentsathome.A．lookforB．lookatC．lookupD．lookafter【答案】A．lookfor尋找B．lookat看C．lookup查閱D．lookafter照顧。根據(jù)句意選D。要點(diǎn)2inventor【典例分析】1.這位科學(xué)家發(fā)明了許多東西，他最重要的一項(xiàng)發(fā)明是電燈泡。。Thescientist_________manythings，hismostimportant__________wasthelightbulb.【答案】第一空這位科學(xué)家發(fā)明了很多東西。發(fā)明用動(dòng)詞invent的過去時(shí)。invented。第二空用名詞形式。invention。注意invention一般做可數(shù)名詞用。2.Thelightbulbisaveryimportant_________(invent)inhistory.【答案】invention3.Thesefamous__________________________alotofuseful_____________.(invent)【答案】inventorsinventedinventions要點(diǎn)3musician【典例分析】1.LangLangisoneofthemostpopular________(music)inChina.Hislotsof_________(music)soundsbeautiful【解析】郎朗是最偉大的音樂家之一。musician音樂家。他的音樂music聽起來很美。要點(diǎn)4intelligence【典例分析】1.Intelligentpeoplecan’tbeledbythenose.(選出可以替換畫線部分的最佳選項(xiàng))A.Ugly B.Foolish C.Wise【解析】intelligent形容詞。聰明的有才智的。所以與C意思相同。Intelligence名詞。智慧，才能。要點(diǎn)5ability【典例分析】1.我有能力做好這份工作。Ihavethe___________todothisjobwell.=I_____________________dothisjobwell.【解析】ability名詞“能力”able形容詞“能干的，能會(huì)”第一空我有能力做好這件工作。用名詞ability。第二空我能將工作做好。amableto情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。要點(diǎn)6perhaps【典例分析】1.PerhapsTomwilljoinourpartytonight.(選出可以替換畫線部分的最佳選項(xiàng))A.Maybe B.Probable C.Maybe【答案】perhapsprobablymaybe這三單詞同義。有時(shí)可替換。要點(diǎn)7includeincluding的用法including作介詞,意為“包括;包含”,后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。例如:Thesingersangmanysongs,includingsomeofmyfavourites.這個(gè)歌手唱了很多首歌,包括一些我最喜歡的歌。辨析include,including與includedinclude作及物動(dòng)詞,可在句中作謂語,意為“包括;包含;使……成為一部分”。通常不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。including作介詞,位于它所修飾的詞之前,意為“包括”,和其后的名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成介賓短語,意為“包括……在內(nèi)”。including+名詞/代詞=名詞/代詞+included。included作形容詞,常位于名詞或代詞后,意為“包括在內(nèi)的”。Yourdutieswillincludeputtingthechildrentobed.你的職責(zé)將包括讓孩子們上床睡覺。Thirtypeople,includingsixchildren/sixchildrenincluded,wenttoseethefilm.有30個(gè)人去看了這部電影,其中包括6個(gè)孩子。Everyonelaughed,meincluded.每個(gè)人都笑了,包括我在內(nèi)?！镜淅治觥?.我有很多工作要做，包括做飯和打掃房間。Ihavemuchworktodo,______________________mealsandcleaningthehouse.【答案】includingcooking。including是介詞引導(dǎo)的介詞短語在句中作狀語，起補(bǔ)充說明的作用，前面可用逗號(hào)隔開。2.我的工作包括做飯、打掃房間等。Mywork____________________meals,cleaningthehouseandsoon.【答案】includes。include是及物動(dòng)詞，在句中作謂語3.Ihavetomakebreakfastforfivepeople，____me.A.includeB.includingC.included D.toinclude【答案】B此題用語法判定法。分析句子成分可知，空格前是一個(gè)完整的句子，排除A與C兩項(xiàng)。including介詞，意為“包括”，與后面的代詞me構(gòu)成介詞短語。4.Congratulations!Mostofyouhavepassedthefinalexam,Tony________.A.includingB.includeC.includesD.included【答案】D【解析】including為介詞，和其后的名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞的ing形式構(gòu)成介賓短語；include為動(dòng)詞，在句中作謂語；included為形容詞，用在名詞或代詞后，including＋名稱，代詞構(gòu)成介詞短語。要點(diǎn)8however【典例分析】用but和however填空。1.Heisn't'strong.___________,heworkshard.2.Heisn't'strong,____________heworkshard.【答案】第一題有逗號(hào)隔開，故用however。第二題用but。3.Ifeelabittired.________，Icanholdon.A.ButB.ThoughC.WhileD.However【答案】D句意：我感到有點(diǎn)累，然而，我能堅(jiān)持住。A.But但是；B.Though盡管；C.While當(dāng)……的時(shí)候；D.However然而。根據(jù)語境可知這里表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。根據(jù)題意，故選D。要點(diǎn)9win;beat;loseBeatvt. 打敗…,戰(zhàn)勝…beatsb 打敗某人。其賓語是對手(人或團(tuán)隊(duì)),即表示人的名詞或代詞.winsth. 贏得某物。 其賓語是比賽(game)、獎(jiǎng)品(prize)或戰(zhàn)爭(war)等,即表示物的名詞或代詞.lose：輸?shù)?；失?。拔飫?dòng)詞+比賽、競賽、游戲獎(jiǎng)品或獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)之類的名詞作賓語）（不及物動(dòng)詞+to+人或團(tuán)隊(duì)之類的名詞）【典例分析】1．—Whichteam_______thematch,TeamOneorTeamTwo?—TeamOne_______TeamTwo.A.won;won B.beat;beatC.beat;won D.won;beat【答案】D【解析】句意：哪一個(gè)隊(duì)贏得了比賽的勝利，一隊(duì)還是二隊(duì)？——一隊(duì)擊敗了二隊(duì)。充當(dāng)win的賓語的是比賽、戰(zhàn)爭、獎(jiǎng)品、金錢等名詞；充當(dāng)beat的賓語的則是比賽、競爭的對手，即指人或球隊(duì)的名詞或代詞。故答案為D。2.Thisyearwetrainedharder,weshouldn’t________________totheotherteam.A.win B.beat C.lose D.defeat【答案】C【解析】句意：今年我們訓(xùn)練的更加刻苦，我們不應(yīng)該再輸給另一個(gè)隊(duì)伍了?？疾橐谆靹?dòng)詞辨析。win：贏；獲勝（及物動(dòng)詞+比賽、競賽、游戲、獎(jiǎng)品或獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)之類的名詞作賓語）；beat：打??；擊敗（及物動(dòng)詞+人或團(tuán)隊(duì)之類的名詞作賓語）；lose：輸?shù)?；失?。拔飫?dòng)詞+比賽、競賽、游戲獎(jiǎng)品或獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)之類的名詞作賓語）；根據(jù)totheotherteam；故選C。3.我們贏了這場比賽/獲得了第一名。We______thematch/game/race/thefirstplace.【答案】wonwin贏；獲勝（及物動(dòng)詞+比賽、競賽、游戲、獎(jiǎng)品或獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)之類的名詞作賓語）We____________TeamA,sowe____________thegameatlast.【答案】beatwonbeatsb打敗某人。其賓語是對手(人或團(tuán)隊(duì))。要點(diǎn)9as…as…意為“和……一樣……”，表示同級(jí)比較。常用基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：as+adj./adv.+as,其否定結(jié)構(gòu)為：notas/so+adj./adv.+as【典例分析】1.WangWeispeaksEnglishas_____asYangLan．TheybothstudyEnglishhard．goodB.wellC.betterD.best【解析】句意：王偉的英語講的和楊瀾的一樣好。他們學(xué)習(xí)英語都努力。A為形容詞原級(jí)；B為副詞的原級(jí)；C為比較級(jí)；D為最高級(jí)。本題考查同級(jí)的比較。as…as中間用形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)，排除C/D；此處是副詞修飾動(dòng)詞speak。故選B。2.這部電影和那部電影一樣有趣。Thisfilmis___________________thatone.3.這本字典沒有那本字典厚Thisdictionaryisn’t__________________thatone.【解析】句式甲與乙程度相同用asas這個(gè)句式。答案：asinterestingas甲不及乙用否定形式。notas…as或notso….as故答案為：so/asthickas4.用單詞的正確形式填空(1)Gracewasas_______________(care)asTom.Theymadefewmistakesintheexam.(2)Gracewroteas_______________(care)asTom.Theymadefewmistakesintheexam.(3)Gracewroteas_______________(care)asTom.Theymadeafewmistakesintheexam.(4)Englishisnotsointerestingasmaths.=Englishis___________interesting__________maths.【答案】（1）carful(2)carefully(3)careless(4)as….as要點(diǎn)10learnabout意為“了解，得知”。在意義上與learn單獨(dú)使用有區(qū)別，兩者的區(qū)別如下：learn 學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)會(huì)learnabout了解，學(xué)到關(guān)于……的內(nèi)容如：【典例分析】我在博物館里了解到了英國的歷史I________________thehistoryofEnglandinthemuseum.【解析】learn學(xué)習(xí)。Learnabout學(xué)習(xí)了解。故答案：learnedabout要點(diǎn)11takepicturesof給……拍照。如：=takephotosof【典例分析】Let’stakepicturesofthebeautifulflowers.（同義句改寫）我們來給這些漂亮的花兒拍照吧。【解析】let’stakephotosofthebeautifulflowers.takepicturesof=takephotosof1.我們照了許多名勝古跡的照片。We__________________________________placesofgreatinterest.【答案】tookmanyphotos/picturesof.2.Pleasesmile.I’lltakeaphotoyoutwo.for B.to C.at D.of【答案】D拍下……的照片takephotoof要點(diǎn)12辨析die，death，dying和dead的用法區(qū)別。die是動(dòng)詞“死，死亡”，death是名詞“死，死亡”。dead是形容詞“死的”。dying是形容詞“快死的，垂死的”?！镜淅治觥坑胐ie，death，dying，dead的正確形式完成句子：1.Hein1989attheageof76.2.Twochildrenwereburnttointhefire.3.Themanwasalreadywhentheotherpeoplefoundhim.4.Thereisalioninthezoo.【答案】1.died動(dòng)詞過去式。2.death名詞，句意：2個(gè)孩子被燒死。3.dead形容詞。4.dyingdying是形容詞“快死的，垂死的”。2.Intheoldsociety(社會(huì)),manyoldpeople______coldinthecountrysideinwinter.AdiedofB.diedfromC.diedawayD.diedout【答案】A【解析】dieof制diefrom的區(qū)別：若死因存在于人體之上或之內(nèi)（主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因）,一般用介詞of,若死因不是存在人體之內(nèi)或之上而是由壞境造成的（主要指事故等方面的外部原因）,一般用介詞from。dieout滅絕，死光。Cold寒冷，感冒，疾病。用A3.Peopledon’tknowwhydinosaursalldiedoutsuddenly.A.appearedB.discoveredC.disappearedD.Disappointed【答案】D【解析】dieout是“滅絕，死光”之意。故答案選D4.ManykindsofanimalsonEarthare_________.A.diefromB.dieofC.dyingoutD.diedout【答案】C【解析】diefrom/dieof死于。。。。后面接原因。1，不定代詞:some&any2，復(fù)合不定代詞【典例分析】1.Thereis________withyourcar.AnothingseriouslywrongB.seriouslywrongnothingC．nothingwrongseriouslyD．wrongseriouslynothing【答案】A【解析】形容詞修飾不定代詞，放在后面。2.Heaskedmeiftherewas_______toread.A.easyenoughsomethingB.enougheasysomethingC．somethingeasyenoughD．somethingenougheasy【答案】C【解析】形容詞修飾不定代詞，放在后面。Enough修飾形容詞也放在形容詞后面。3.Ireallyhavesomethingimportant_______.A．do B．todoingC．todo D．does【答案】C【解析】復(fù)合不定代詞與動(dòng)詞不定式連用，不定式必須后置。4.Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon’tagreewith______.A．everything B．a(chǎn)nythingC．something D．nothing【答案】A【解析】A．everything 每件事強(qiáng)調(diào)整體。這里指整體，所以A符合。B．a(chǎn)nything任何事強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體。C．something有些事 D．nothing沒有事。5.—Theexamwasdifficult,wasn’tit?

—No,butIdon’tthink______couldpassit.A．somebodyB．a(chǎn)nybodyC．nobodyD．everybody【答案】D【解析】everybody每一人。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體。Anybody任何人，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體。6.Thereis____wrongwithyourwatch.Look!Itworkswell.A．something B．nothingC．everything D．a(chǎn)nything【答案】B【解析】從句意看因?yàn)楸砉ぷ骱芎谩９时頉]有問題。答案選B7.—Goodmorning,class.Is____here?

—No,sir.Tomisabsent(缺席).A．a(chǎn)nyone B．everyoneC．noone D．someone【答案】B【解析】強(qiáng)調(diào)整體用B8.Everything____ready.A．a(chǎn)reB．is C．be D．were【答案】B【解析】不定代詞做主語用單數(shù)形式。二、用some或any填空。1.Couldyougiveme_________coffee,please?2.Iheardthathewouldstaytherefor__________days.3.Don’ttake_________magazinesoutofthereadingroom.4.Didhebuy__________cakesorcookies?Cookies,Ithink.5.Ifyouhave__________questions,askme,please.6.Doyouwanttotake__________photos?7.Isthere___________riceinthekitchen?8.Thereare____________newbuildingsi