2022屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)分類閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解直接理解題

2022屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)分類閱讀理解之細(xì)節(jié)理解直接理解題A（2021·吉林長春外國語學(xué)校高一期中）Supposeyouwanttogoabroadandlearnabouttheforeignexchangeincultureindifferentcountries.Hereissomeinformationyoumayneed.Name:SusanLaneAge:22Place:Reykjavik,Iceland,1994.Cost:$7,000Organization:AFSExperience:Ithinkitwasaturningpointinmylife.Ibegantounderstandmoreaboutmyownculturebyexperiencinganothercultureandseeinghowotherpeoplelive.”Name:SaraSmallAge:23Place:Crivitz,Germany,1996.Cost:$8,000Organization:EFFoundationExperience:“IlovethetravelingandImadealotoffriends.IfoundtheEuropeanschoolsystemtobehardbutIamfluentnowinGermansoitisworthit.IdidmissmyfamilyandfriendsinAustraliabutIwouldlovetodoitagain.”Name:DavidLinksAge:16Place:Stuttgart,Germany,1996.Cost:$4,500Organization:SouthernCrossCulturalExchangeExperience:“Iwantedtotrysomethingthatwasverydifferentinculture.InGermanyeverythingwasdifferentbutIsoongotsettled.ThefamilyIwaswithwasgreatandIreallyfeelasthoughIhaveasecondfamily.”Name:TomJenningsAge:21Place:Conflans,France,1995.Cost:$7,000Organization:SouthernCrossCulturalExchangeExperience:“ThereweretimeswhenitwasdifficultbutIlikedit,experiencingadifferentculture.”Youjusthavetoadapttoeachsituationasitcomes.Ifthereisonethingyoulearnwhenyouareonastudent-exchangeprogramitishowtotakecareofyourself.”Name:LindaMarksAge:19Place:ChonburiProvince,Thailand,1994.Cost:$3,500Organization:RotaryInternationalExperience:“Therearelotsofupsanddowns,butyoualwayscomebackformore.Ihadafewproblemsbuttherewasalwayssomeonetoturntoandthatwasgreat.”1．Accordingtotheinformation,takingpartinaforeignexchangeprogramcancost________.A．from$4,500to$8,000 B．from$3,500to$8,000C．a(chǎn)nythingfrom$3,500 D．nomorethan$7,0002．Thestudentswhorefertoboththegoodandbadtimesasanexchangestudentinclude________.A．SusanLaneandSaraSmallB．LindaMarksandDavidLinksC．TomJenningsandLindaMarksD．SusanLaneandTomJennings3．Ifastudentwantedtotakepartinaforeignexchangeprogram,buthadnotenoughmoney,thenthebestplacewouldbe________.A．IcelandandAmerica B．ThailandandFranceC．GermanyandIceland D．GermanyandThailandB（2021·北京市第四十四中學(xué)高三）Regardlessofhowfamoustheyare,anddespitethestartreatmenttheyreceive,manycelebritiesmakeitapointtogivebacktocharities.Somehaveevensetuptheirownprivatefoundations.Theirwidelypublicisedvisitstotroubledareasoftheworldhelptoraiseawarenessofissuessuchasfamineandpoverty.AccordingtoJaneCooperofUnicefUK,celebritieshaveauniqueabilitytoreachhugenumbersofpeople,manyofwhommightnototherwisebeengagedincharitablecauses.Shepointedoutthatfamousfaceshadplayedasignificantroleinraisingfundsinrecentyears,andtheirenergieshadproducedtangibleresults,suchasenablingmillionsofchildreninpoorercountriestoattendschool.Butinspiteofthesesuccessesthereisevidencetosuggestthatcelebrityendorsement(代言)maybeoverrated.Inasurveyofmembersofthepublictofindoutifcelebrityinvolvementwouldencouragepeopletodonate,researchersfoundthattheimpactwasnotasgreataspreviouslythought.Whenshownalistofwell-knownorganisationsandfamouspeoplewhorepresentthem,overhalfofrespondentswereunabletomatchthecelebritywiththecause.What’smore,threequartersclaimedthattheydidn’trespondtocelebrityendorsementinanyway.Thesurveyalsoshowedthatafewnamesdidstandoutasbeingassociatedwithparticularcharities.Butthepresenceofacelebrityinacampaign,wasnotasignificantfactorwhenitcametoadecisiontodonatetimeormoney.Instead,themajorityofpeoplecontributebecauseofpersonalconnectionsintheirlivesandfamilieswhichmakeacharityimportanttothem.Inanotherstudyaimedatyoungpeople,mostparticipantscitedacompelling(無法抗拒的)missionastheirmainmotivationtogive.Thesecondmostimportantincentivewasifafriendorpeerrecommendedsupportingaparticularcause.Onlytwopercentofrespondentssaidtheyweremotivatedbycelebrityendorsement.Thisseemstocontradictthegeneralassumptionthatteenagersareparticularlyinfluencedbyfamouspeople.Onepossibleexplanationisthatthereisageneralfatigue(疲倦)withcelebrityculture.Thereisalsoasuspicionthatthestarsaretheonewhobenefitmostwhentheyoffertodocharitywork.Somecriticshaveaccusedthatcelebritiesmightactuallytakeattentionawayfromissuesbyattractingmoreattentionthanthecausestheyrepresent.Sotakingalltheseissuesintoaccount,isittimeforcharitiestorethinktheircampaignstrategiesandlookforalternativewaystoreachnewaudiences?Whicheverpointofviewyoufavour,thereseemstobeopportunitiesformoreresearchintohowcharitycampaignsmightdeveloprelationshipswithcelebritiestomaximisetheirpotential.Thisinturnwillopenupmoreengagement,andbettertargetedcampaigns-whichcanonlybenefitthosewhoreallymatter—thepeopleandanimalsthatareinneedofassistance.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tangible”inparagraphIprobablymean?A．Definite. B．Complicated. C．Limited. D．Temporary.5．Accordingtothepassage,mostpeoplecontributetocharitiesbecause________.A．theygainbenefitfromthecharitiesB．theyareforcedtofinishanecessarytaskC．theybelieveinthefamouspeopletheylikeD．theyareinspiredbythepeoplearoundthem6．Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout________.A．whatcelebritiesachieveindoingcharitiesB．HowyoungpeoplereacttocelebritycultureC．whyyoungpeoplearehardlyinfluencedbycelebritiesD．whoistoblamefortakingattentionawayfromcharities7．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardscelebritydoingcharities?A．Objective. B．Positive.C．Negative. D．Unclear.C（2021·江蘇高一期中）I’mMay.highschoolseniorsallaroundtheU.S.scramble(爭搶)togetreadyforprom.Prom.shortforpromenade,isaformaldanceheldbyahighschoolbeforegraduation.It'sanimportantaspectofAmericanschoolculturebecauseit'sthelasthigh-schooldanceseniorswilleverattend.Promentails(牽涉)countlesstraditions.Firstaguymustaskagirltogotopromwithhim.Mostguyschoosetodospecialpromproposalsinhopesofwinningthegirl'sheartwiththeircreativity.Thenhewillrentatuxedo(燕尾服),andthegirlwilloftengettheirhair,nailsandmakeupdoneprofessionally.Thatnightcoupleswilltakepictures,andthentheywilloftentakealimousine(豪華轎車)todinnerandtothedance.Severalreportsstatethatparentscanspendupwardof$2,000togivetheirkidstheperfectpromexperience.Thehistoryofpromcanbetracedbacktothelasthalfofthe1800s.Atthattime,Americanuniversitiesandcollegesorganizeddanceseachyearfortheirgraduatingstudents.Thepurposewasnotonlytoentertainthestudentsbutalsotopreparethemforthewiderworldbyteachingthempropermannersformenandwomen.Later,highschoolstookoverthepromtradition.Inthe1950s,highschoolsbeganmovingthedancefromtheirgymstobeautifulhotelsorcountryclubstomaketheeventevenmorespecial.Perhapsthemostamazingpromtookplacein1975,whenSusanFord,thedaughterofthecountry'spresident,receivedpermissiontoholdherhighschool'spromattheWhiteHouse.Sofar,nootherpromhasmanagedtotopthat.8．Whatdoesthisarticlemainlyexplainaboutprom?A．Itsunusualatmosphere.B．Itspresentandfuture.C．Itseducationalbenefits.D．Itscustomsandroots.9．Accordingtothisarticle,whatdotheparticipantsinprommainlypayattentionto?A．Theirappearance.B．Theirpossessions.C．Theirtransportation.D．Theirsupervisors.10．Whatwerepeoplesupposedtolearnfrompromatonetime?A．Whatmarketingplantouse.B．Howtobehavearoundothers.C．Whichfoodwasbesttoeat.D．Whentoearnagreatdegree.11．Accordingtothisarticle,wherewasaspecialeventheldmorethanfourdecadesago?A．Inanofficialresidence.B．Inaninternationalcourt.C．Inamotionpicturestudio.D．Inamoderngallery.D（2021·北京昌平·）FutureCityCompetitionFutureCitystartswithaquestion—howcanwemaketheworldabetterplace?Toanswerit,10th,11th,and12thgradestudentsimagine,research,design,andbuildcitiesofthefuturethatshowcasetheirsolutiontoacitywidesustainabilityissue.PasttopicsincludeUrbanAgriculture,Publicspaces,andGreenenergywhilethetopicofthisyearisLivingontheMoon.TeamswilldesignafuturisticlunarcityandprovideexamplesofhowthecityusesMoonresourcestokeepitsresidentssafeandhealthy.Participantscompletefivedeliverables:a1,500-wordcityessay:ascalemodel;aprojectplan;apresentationvideo;andavirtual/onlineQ&Asessionwith/judges.RegionalwinnersrepresenttheirregionattheinternationalFinals.AftercompletingFutureCity,studentparticipantsarenotonlypreparedtobecitizensoftoday’scomplexandtechnicalworld,butalsoreadytobecomethedriversoftomorrow.WhatyoucanlearnThisflexible,cross-curricular(跨課程的)educationalprogramgivesstudentsanopportunitytodothethingsthatengineersdo-identifyproblems:brainstormideas;designsolutions;test,retestandbuild;andsharetheirresults.Withthisatitscenter,FutureCityisanengagingwaytobuildstudents’21stcenturyskills.StudentsparticipatinginFutureCityalsolearnhowtheircommunitiesworkandbecomebettercitizensanddevelopstrongtimemanagementandprojectmanagementskills.WhatyouneedFutureCitycostsjust$25perorganization—andyoucanregisterIteamor100.Thepricealwaysstaysthesame.Wekeepthepriceaffordablesoeveryonecanparticipate.Notonlythat,welimitthebudgetformaterialsfortheCityModelandCityPresentationto$100andencourageteamstouserecycledmaterials.Youdon’tneedexpensiveequipmenttoexcel.Creativity,hardwork,andcommitmentareallyouneedtogetahead.Pleasenote:SomeregionslimitthenumberofteamsanorganizationcanbringtotheRegionalCompetition.PleasecheckwithyourRegionalCoordinatortofindouttheguidelinesinyourregion.12．InFutureCityCompetition2021,studentsneedto________.A．completemorethanfivetaskesB．designacitywithgreenenergyC．a(chǎn)ddressproblemsonthemoonD．makeuseoflunarresources13．WhatliesatthecoreofFutureCityCompetition?A．Designingcities.B．Identifyingproblems.C．TrainingbettercitizensD．Engineeringdesignprocess14．Ifyouwanttosucceedinthecompetition,youneed________.A．tobecreativeanddevoted.B．tousetherecycledmaterials.C．tobuysomeexpensiveequipment.D．toaskmorepeopletojoininyourteam.E（2021·福建南平·高三）Independentlivingathomeistheidealforeveryagingperson.Butafallorotherhealth-threateningincidentscanchangeeverythingrapidly.Thewearable“panicbuttons”introducedinthelate1980swereagreatadvance.Buttheyonlyworkifpeopleactuallywearthemandcanreachthebuttoninanemergency.Todaytherearepassivewearablesthatautomaticallydetectfalls,andcamera-basedsystemstomonitoreldersafety.Comingfroma40-yearcareerinthesemiconductorandwirelesscommunicationfield,RafiZackdecidedtofindabetteralternative.“Peoplearen’tdevotedtowearingsmalldevices24/7,andcamera-basedsystemsareaninvasion（侵犯）ofprivacy,”hepointsout,“Themostchallengingaspectisafall.Howfastwecandetectafallmattersbecausethemedicalsituationworsensquickly.Sometimespeoplestayonthefloorforalongtime.Wehavetofindouthowtosolvethatproblem.”Zackisaco-founder,CEOandvicepresidentofR&DatEchoCareTechnologieswhichhasdevelopedECHO(ElderlyCareHomeObserver),acloud-connectedmonitorbasedonradartechnologyandmachinelearning.Becauseradarseesthroughwalls,oneECHOunitfixedontheceilingorwallcanmonitoroneperson(ortwopersons,inafutureversion)inastandard-sizedapartmentinaseniorlivingfacility.Thedevicedetectsfalls,breathingdifficulties,drowninginabathtubandotherdangerousevents.Itgivesoutwarningstopotentialhealthworseningconditionsbycontinuouslymonitoringandanalyzingtheperson’slocation,posture（姿勢）,motionandbreath.EchoCaretestedthedeviceintheUnitedStates,Japan,AustraliaandIsrael.ECHOwascertified（認(rèn)證）in2019inJapanwiththemostagingpopulationintheworld.“Bathroomswerethemaintestingareawhereabout17,000deadlyaccidentshappenannually.”saidSMKDirectorandExecutiveVicePresidentTetsuoHara.“Bathroommakers,homesecurityserviceprovidersandnursinghomesarehighlyinterestedinEchoCare’ssolution.”Zacknoted,“Asmoreandmoreelderpeoplelivealoneasaresultofsocialdistancing,thereisanincreasedneedtomonitorthemwithouttheburdenofwearablesorprivacy-invadingcameras.”15．What’stheadvantageofECHOover“panicbuttons”?A．Ithascamera-basedsystems. B．Ithasbeenwidelyaccepted.C．Itcanfunctionwithoutcameras. D．Itsbuttonscanbeeasilyreached.16．WhatcanweknowaboutECHOfromparagraph5?A．Itisdesignedtosendoutwarningsregularly.B．Itmonitorsdangeroushealth-relatedevents.C．Itwascertifiedinmanydevelopedcountries.D．Itdetectsmorethanonepersonatthesametime.17．WhatcanweinferaboutthefutureofECHO?A．It’llbecomemorepopularwiththeelderly.B．It’llstop17,000deathshappeningannually.C．It’llbeusedinnursinghomesandhospitals.D．It’llhelpelderlypeopletoliveanactivelife.18．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．AnAdvancedMedicalInstrumentB．AHigh-techMonitorfortheElderlyC．TheInventionofaHealthcareDeviceD．TheImprovementofaMedicalFacilityF（2021·江蘇鹽城·高三）DuringtheCOVID-19pandemic,Juliabeganhersecondyearasafirstgradeteacherinanonlineclassroom.OneSeptemberafternoon,shereceivedacallfromandCynthia,whowashavingtechnicaldifficultieswithhergranddaughter'stoolsforonlinelearning.JuliaimmediatelyknewsomethingwaswrongwithCynthia.Thetwowomenhadspokenmanytimesbefore,butJuliahadneverheardshesoundedlikethis.HerwordsweresojumbledthatJuliacouldbarelyunderstandher.Juliacalledherheadmaster,Charlie,whoconvincedherthathewouldcallandcheckonCynthiahimself.JustlikeJulia,CharliecouldbarelyunderstandCynthia.Hesuspectedshemightbehavingastroke(中風(fēng))—herecognizedthesignsfromwhenhisownfatherhadsufferedone.CharlieimmediatelybecameconcernedthatCynthia'stwograndchildren,agessixandeight,wereprobablyhomealonewithherandscared.Charlieaskedhisofficemanagertosendanambulancetothegrandmother'shome.ThequickresponsefromJuliaandCharliesavedCynthia'slife.Shearrivedatthehospitalintimetogettreatmentbeforelong-termdamageoccurred.Thankstoanextendedstayinthehospital,shehasregainedmostofthemovementthroughoutherbodyexceptforonehandandaregionofhermouth.“I'mproudofthepeopleIworkwith,thattheyrespondedsoquicklyandthatitdidmakeadifferencetoCynthia,”saysJulia.“Iamsopleasedtobepartofsuchacaringcommunity.”Buttheschool'scrisisresponseisonlyonepieceofthecommunity'sextraordinaryeffortstohelpCynthiaandhergranddaughters.Anotherfamilywithyoungchildrentookinthetwogirls.Virtuallearninghasbeenachallengeacrossthecountry,butit'sfairtosaythatithashelpedthecommunitygrowcloser.Manyteacherstheregavetheirpersonalphonenumberstostudentsandfamiliesincasetheyneededextrahelp.Inthiscase,theexchangewasliterallylife-altering.19．CynthiacalledJuliainorderto.A．complainaboutthepoorcontentsofonlinelearningB．consultabouthergranddaughter'sacademicperformanceC．seeksomehelpforlackofcertaintechnicalknowledgeD．volunteerherservicesasateacherinanonlineclassroom20．Theunderlinedword“jumbled”inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto.A．briefB．unclearC．gentleD．impolite21．HowdidCharliedecidethatCynthiamighthavesufferedastroke?A．Byrecallinghisownprevioussufferingsfromthedisease.B．Byusinghisprofessionalknowledgetoformthejudgment.C．BycombiningJulia'scallwiththegranddaughters'description.D．Byidentifyingthesymptomsthatastrokepatientmayhave.22．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvirtualleaning?A．Ithascausedmuchinconveniencetoparents.B．Itwillbringaboutunavoidableleakofprivacy.C．Ithasprovidedmorebenefitsthanchallenges.D．Itneedstechnicalguidancetobehighlyeffective.G（2021·大名縣第一中學(xué)高二開學(xué)考試）TheuseofAI(artificialintelligence)isbecomingmorecommoninmanybranchesofindustryandonlineshopping.Traditionallinesofwork,suchasgoodstransportanddriving,aredevelopinginasimilardirectionalthoughmainlyoutofpublicview.ScientistsattheUniversityofG?ttingenhavenowinvestigatedhowefficient(高效的)theuseofAIcanbeinthecommercialmanagementoftrucks.“Digitalapplications—aswellasmachineleaning,akindofAI—areincreasinglyappliedtooperationsandcoursesinthetransportarea,”explainsProfessorMatthiasKlumppfromtheFacultyofEconomics.“Thequestioninthecommercialarea,however,iswhetherornotthiscontributestoachievinggoals.”Toanswerthisquestion,theresearcherscomparedtheworkefficiencyoftruckdriverswiththeirmainuseofAIapplications.Lookingattradedeliverybytruck,theystudiedthreegroups:thefirstdrovecompletelyfollowinghumandecision-makingmodels;thesecondusedacombinationofhumanandmachine;andthethirddependedcompletelyonfullyautomateddecisions.Theresearchersfoundthatanintelligentcombinationofhumanworkanddecision-makingabilitieswithAIapplicationspromisesthehighesttransportanddrivingefficiency.“Onaverage,thesecondgroupachievedthemostefficienttransporttrips,withthefewestinterventions(干預(yù))andoff-coursefromthebestpath.”oneresearchersaid,“Clearly,neitheracompletelyhumandecision-makingstructurenorafullyautomateddrivingsystemcanpromisetomeetcurrentgoodstransportrequirements.”ThescientiststhereforesummarizedthatdespitetheprogressofAIinthefieldoftransportationbytruck,humanexperienceanddecision-makingabilitieswillstillbenecessaryinthelongerterm.However,thechallengeisthatawiderangeoftrainingandqualification(資格)needswillcomealongbyworkingwithAlapplications,especiallyforsimplegoodstransportactivities.23．WhatdoesMatthiasKlumppfocuson?A．TheefficiencyofAI.B．TheadvantagesofAI.C．TheproblemscausedbyAI.D．ThewideapplicationsofAI.24．Howdidtheresearchersgetthefinding?A．Byprovidingexamples.B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Byusingdifferenttrucks.D．Bylistingthreeexperiments.25．Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A．Alisbetteratmakingdecisions.B．AbalanceisneededbetweenhumanandAI.C．HumanwillsoonbereplacedbyAIindriving.D．Alapplicationsmeetthecurrentrequirements.26．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Thefutureoftransport.B．Artificialintelligenceasaco-driver.C．Artificialintelligence-abetterchoiceindriving.D．Thestrengthsofartificialintelligenceintransport.H（2021·福建寧德·）Justasahungrybraincraves(渴望)food,alonelybraincravespeople.Anewbrainstudydemonstratesthis.Afterbeingleftalone,itshowspeople'sbrainswouldbeactivatedatthesightofotherpeople.Theactionwasinthesamebrainregionthatspeedsupwhenahungrypersonseesfood.LiviaTomova,aneuroscientist,whostudieshowthebrainproducesmentalactivities,andhercolleaguesbeganthisstudy.Theyrecruited(招募)40people.Ononeday,theparticipantshadtofast—noteatanythingatall—for10hours.Onanotherday,thesamepeoplewereplacedinaroomfor10hours.Theycouldn'tseeanyone.Nofriends,nofamilyandnosocialmedia.Theyweren'tevenallowedtochecktheiremail.Afterbothdays,TomovaandhercolleaguesputthepeopleinaMRImachine.Itshowsactivityinthebrainbytrackinghowmuchbloodisflowingtoeachregion.Attheendofeachday,theparticipantsshowedhighactivityinabrainareacalledthemidbrain.Thescientistswereinterestedintwo,smallareaswithinit.Bothareasproducedopamine,achemicalthatisimportantincravingandrewards.Thetwoareasactivatedwhenhungryparticipantssawpicturesoftastypizzaorjuicyhamburgers.Afterthevolunteershadbeenisolated,thosebrainareasbecameactivewhentheysawsocialactivitiestheymissed.Itmightbeplayingsportsorchattingwithfriends.Themidbrainplaysanimportantpartinpeople'smotivationtoseekfoodorfriends.Infact,itrespondstofoodandsocialsignalsevenwhenpeoplearen'thungryorlonely.Buthungerandlonelinessincreasedthereactionsandmadepeople'sresponsesspecifictothethingtheyweremissing.Andthemorehungerorisolationthevolunteerssaidtheywereexperiencing,thestrongertheactivityinthispartofthebrain.TomovaandhercolleaguespublishedtheirresultsNovember23inNatureNeuroscience.27．HowdoesTomovatestouttheresultofthestudy?A．Bystimulatingdesire. B．Bycontrollingbloodflow.C．Bymonitoringbrainactivity. D．Byexaminingmentalactivities.28．Whatdoweknowaboutmidbrain?A．Itconsistsoftwoareas. B．Ithelpsmotivatedesireforfood.C．Itstopsworkingwhenpeoplearefull. D．Itdecreasesresponsestolostfriends.29．Whatdoestheunderlined“it”inparagraph3referto?A．Amidbrainarea. B．Asocialactivity. C．Avolunteer. D．Ahamburger.30．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Dopamine—aSureSignofAge B．Midbrain—aNestfortheThoughtsC．HungerMakesMentalHealthStruggle D．LonelinessMakesOurBrainsNeedPeople參考答案A篇：BCD【大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要通過圖表介紹了四個交換生的交換地點(diǎn)以及其相關(guān)的信息對比。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)上文幾個表格中的花費(fèi)大意可知，參加一個對外交流項(xiàng)目的費(fèi)用在3500美元到8000美元之間。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中最后兩張表格中的“ThereweretimeswhenitwasdifficultbutIlikedit,experiencingadifferentculture.(有時會遇到困難，但我喜歡，體驗(yàn)不同的文化)”和“Therearelotsofupsanddowns,butyoualwayscomebackformore.Ihadafewproblemsbuttherewasalwayssomeonetoturntoandthatwasgreat.(有很多的起起落落，但你總是會回來要更多。我有一些問題，但總有人可以求助，這很好)”可知，TomJennings和LindaMarks都認(rèn)為作為交換生，既有過好時光、也有過壞時光。故選C。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。如果一個學(xué)生沒有足夠的錢，可以去價格最便宜的地方。根據(jù)文中表格中的花費(fèi)大意可知，最便宜的兩個國家是Germany和Thailand。故選D。B篇：ADCA【大意】這是一篇議論文。文章主要大意了名人做慈善的利與弊。4．詞句猜測題。第一段劃線詞所在句“Shepointedoutthatfamousfaceshadplayedasignificantroleinraisingfundsinrecentyears,andtheirenergieshadproducedtangibleresults,suchasenablingmillionsofchildreninpoorercountriestoattendschool.(她指出，名人近年來在籌集資金方面發(fā)揮了重要作用，他們的精力產(chǎn)生了切實(shí)的成果，比如讓貧困國家的數(shù)百萬兒童上學(xué))”中的“suchasenablingmillionsofchildreninpoorercountriestoattendschool”部分表明，名人們在慈善方面的努力取得了實(shí)在的成果，所以可以推測tangible意為“切實(shí)的，實(shí)在的”。A.Definite.確切的；B.Complicated.復(fù)雜的；C.Limited.有限的；D.Temporary.暫時的。所以A選項(xiàng)和劃線詞詞義最接近，B、C、D都不符合。故選A項(xiàng)。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Instead,themajorityofpeoplecontributebecauseofpersonalconnectionsintheirlivesandfamilieswhichmakeacharityimportanttothem.(相反，大多數(shù)人捐款是因?yàn)樗麄兩詈图彝ブ械乃饺岁P(guān)系，這使得慈善對他們很重要)”可知，大多數(shù)人向慈善機(jī)構(gòu)捐款是因?yàn)樗麄兪艿街車说墓奈琛９蔬xD項(xiàng)。6．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Onlytwopercentofrespondentssaidtheyweremotivatedbycelebrityendorsement.Thisseemstocontradictthegeneralassumptionthatteenagersareparticularlyinfluencedbyfamouspeople.(只有2%的受訪者說他們受到名人代言的激勵。這似乎與一般的假設(shè)相矛盾，即青少年特別容易受到名人的影響)”可知，與一般的假設(shè)相反的是，青年人幾乎不會受到名人的影響，余下內(nèi)容“Onepossibleexplanationisthat…Thereisalsoasuspicionthat…Somecriticshaveaccusedthat…”則主要講述了原因，所以第三段主要講述青少年幾乎不受名人影響的原因。故選C項(xiàng)。7．推理判斷題。文章前面主要講述了名人做慈善帶來的切實(shí)的成果以及被夸大的現(xiàn)象，最后一段“Sotakingalltheseissuesintoaccount,isittimeforcharitiestorethinktheircampaignstrategiesandlookforalternativewaystoreachnewaudiences?...Thisinturnwillopenupmoreengagement,andbettertargetedcampaigns-whichcanonlybenefitthosewhoreallymatter—thepeopleandanimalsthatareinneedofassistance.(因此，考慮到所有這些問題，慈善機(jī)構(gòu)是否應(yīng)該重新考慮他們的競選策略，尋找其他途徑來接觸新的受眾？……這反過來又會促進(jìn)更多的參與和更有針對性的運(yùn)動——這只會讓真正重要的人受益——那些需要援助的人和動物)”提出慈善機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該多方考慮，最終目的是使得真正需要的人或動物受益。所以作者是以客觀的態(tài)度來大意名人做慈善這件事。A.Objective.客觀的；B.Positive.積極的；C.Negative.消極的；D.Unclear.不清楚的。故選A項(xiàng)。C篇：DABA【大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述畢業(yè)舞會的文化和起源。8．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“It'sanimportantaspectofAmericanschoolculturebecauseit'sthelasthigh-schooldanceseniorswilleverattend.”（這是美國學(xué)校文化的一個重要方面，因?yàn)檫@是高年級學(xué)生最后一次參加高中舞會。）第二段“Promentails(牽涉)countlesstraditions.”（舞會需要無數(shù)的傳統(tǒng)。）和第三段“Thehistoryofpromcanbetracedbacktothelasthalfofthe1800s.”（畢業(yè)舞會的歷史可以追溯到19世紀(jì)后半葉。）可知這篇文章主要講述了舞會的文化和起源，故選D。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Firstaguymustaskagirltogotopromwithhim.Mostguyschoosetodospecialpromproposalsinhopesofwinningthegirl'sheartwiththeircreativity.Thenhewillrentatuxedo(燕尾服),andthegirlwilloftengettheirhair,nailsandmakeupdoneprofessionally.Thatnightcoupleswilltakepictures,andthentheywilloftentakealimousine(豪華轎車)todinnerandtothedance.”（首先，男生必須邀請女生和他一起去畢業(yè)舞會。大多數(shù)男生會選擇做一些特別的舞會求婚，希望用他們的創(chuàng)造力贏得女孩的心。然后他會租一件燕尾服，女孩會經(jīng)常讓專業(yè)人員做頭發(fā)、指甲和化妝。那天晚上，情侶們會拍照，然后他們通常會乘坐豪華轎車去吃飯和參加舞會。）可知，參加舞會的人員都很注重外表，故選A。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Atthattime,Americanuniversitiesandcollegesorganizeddanceseachyearfortheirgraduatingstudents.Thepurposewasnotonlytoentertainthestudentsbutalsotopreparethemforthewiderworldbyteachingthempropermannersformenandwomen.”（當(dāng)時，美國的大學(xué)和學(xué)院每年都為他們的畢業(yè)生組織舞會。其目的不僅是為了使學(xué)生快樂，而且通過教導(dǎo)他們正確的禮儀，使他們?yōu)楦鼜V闊的世界做準(zhǔn)備。）可知當(dāng)時的畢業(yè)生舞會為不僅是為了使學(xué)生快樂，還要教導(dǎo)他們正確的禮儀，也就是如何在他人面前表現(xiàn)，故選B。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Perhapsthemostamazingpromtookplacein1975,whenSusanFord,thedaughterofthecountry'spresident,receivedpermissiontoholdherhighschool'spromattheWhiteHouse.Sofar,nootherpromhasmanagedtotopthat.”（最令人驚嘆的畢業(yè)舞會可能發(fā)生在1975年，當(dāng)時美國總統(tǒng)的女兒蘇珊·福特(SusanFord)獲準(zhǔn)在白宮舉辦她的高中畢業(yè)舞會。到目前為止，還沒有其他畢業(yè)舞會能超越這一水平。）根據(jù)常識可知白宮是美國政府所在地，所以40多年前曾在官方府邸舉行了一場特別的舞會，故選A。D篇：DDA【大意】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了“未來城市競賽”這一活動的相關(guān)內(nèi)容和參加這一項(xiàng)目需要注意的事項(xiàng)。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“TeamswilldesignafuturisticlunarcityandprovideexamplesofhowthecityusesMoonresourcestokeepitsresidentssafeandhealthy.（團(tuán)隊(duì)將設(shè)計一個未來的月球城市，并提供城市如何使用月球資源，以保持其居民的安全和健康的例子。）”可知，在2021年未來城市競賽中，學(xué)生需要利用到月球資源。故選D項(xiàng)。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whatyoucanlearn部分的“Thisflexible,cross-curricular(跨課程的)educationalprogramgivesstudentsanopportunitytodothethingsthatengineersdo-identifyproblems:brainstormideas;designsolutions;test,retestandbuild;andsharetheirresults.Withthisatitscenter,FutureCityisanengagingwaytobuildstudents’21stcenturyskills.（這種靈活的、跨課程的教育計劃讓學(xué)生有機(jī)會做工程師所做的事情——發(fā)現(xiàn)問題：頭腦風(fēng)暴；設(shè)計解決方案；測試、再測試和構(gòu)建；并分享他們的成果。以這為中心，未來城市是培